34 世界建筑 2013/05 In the last decades, re-processes have acquired a growing importance in architectural discourse, thanks to the rise of a new attention to the physical heritage of our recent past - an attention primarily impulsed by the recognition of the critical stock of unused structures (especially industrial ones) that XX Century urban growth has dramatically left behind. The recent crisis seems to have reinforced this tendency, adding a set of economic reasons to design strategies that focus on shrinkage, downsizing, conversion and refurbishment of existing buildings. More recently, important contributions to the diffusion of such approaches - that address sustainability at different scales, from the regeneration of urban complexes to the recycling of wasted materials - have been given by the German Pavilion at last year's Biennale di Venezia ( Reduce Reuse Recycle: Architecture as Resource ), which exhibited 16 projects taking inspiration from existing structures, as well as by the last number of the Spanish magazine "a+t" ( Reclaim: Remediate Reuse Recycle ), which offers a deep and thorough analysis of 82 re-strategies pursued in 39 projects all over the globe. The twelve years-long transformation of the Lingotto car factory into a multipurpose center is probably the most symbolic of all the interventions that are defining Torino's on-going transition from one-company town to post-fordist city. A monument of the age of the machine, after its closure in 1982 the Lingotto has been meticulously redesigned 达维德·托马索·费兰多/Davide Tommaso Ferrando 孙德龙 译/Translated by SUN Delong 既存建筑的再思考:重复、减少和循环使用的可持续性 RECONSIDERING THE EXISTING: SUSTAINABILITY AS REUSE, REDUCE AND RECYCLE 过去的数十年中,再生在建筑实践中逐渐受到重 视,这要归因于人们日益增长的对年代较近的物质遗 产的关注,即认识到 20 世纪城市扩张废弃了大量的闲 置建筑(尤其是工业建筑)。近来的危机似乎加剧了这 一趋势,使得设计策略要考虑已有建筑的缩减、精简、 改造、整修等一系列经济因素。去年威尼斯双年展的 德国馆(减少使用,重复使用,循环使用 :建筑作为 资源)为传播这一观念做出了重要贡献,即从城市综 合体的再生到废物的循环利用,在不同尺度层面实现 了可持续性,其中展出的 16 个项目都是从现存建筑中 汲取灵感的。而上期西班牙杂志《a+t》(改造:修复, 再用,循环)也同样功不可没,它对全球 39 项目中采 用的 82 个改造策略做了深入而透彻的分析。 林格托汽车厂持续 12 年之久的功能多元化的转型 或许是都灵所有改造中最具象征性的,这些改造标志 着都灵正从单一工业城镇向后福特主义城市过渡。林 格托这个机械时代的纪念物在 1982 年关闭后,就被精 to host a new and highly diversified program that has managed to convert the complex into a "city within the city". The reuse project intervenes respectfully on the existing fabric, by preserving its most characteristic traits - the 500 meters-long urban facade, the modular structure of concrete pillars and beams, the regular sequence of inner courtyards - but declares its novelty by adding two visible and iconic elements on top of it: a glass "bubble" for elite meetings and a steel "chest" hosting an art gallery. Since its completion in 2003, the new Lingotto has slowly become one of the neuralgic centers of Torino's regeneration, being its simple presence an important impulse for the transformation of its surrounding areas, although the economic crisis is now slowing down the process. Parco Dora is a new park obtained from the conversion into public soil of 39 hectares of a former industrial district, located in a strategic redevelopment area of Torino known as Spina 3. Spanning on both sides of the river Dora, the five zones that compose the park have been partially liberated from their original structures, in a subtraction process meant both to reveal and give a new use to the traces of the area's industrial past. The result is indeed fascinating: a continuous network of pedestrian paths, partially at ground level and partially elevated, leads the park users through picturesque sequences of concrete and steel ruins, partially covered by growing vegetation and subtly integrated in the system of collective programs now hosted within them. The volumetric reduction of the former industrial complex, in its unusual encounter with people and nature, has managed to produce an unexpected, strangely monumental urban landscape: whose quality, unfortunately, is not comparable with that of the residential buildings that are now being constructed around the park. In a permanent state of transformation since its first opening in 1912, the Fornace Carena is a layered system of industrial buildings progressively erected in Cambiano, a small municipality in the south-east of Torino. Once exclusively dedicated to brick production, the complex is now undergoing a 20 years-long (and still unfinished) process of functional diversification, aimed at installing a mix of cultural and residential programs in its unused spaces. Although the already completed projects (an office, a little museum and a guardhouse) are quite different in function and complexity, they all draw inspiration from the unique Stimmung of the place, which they filter through the recognition of the value of the existing structures, the availability of recyclable materials coming out of the furnace (it doesn't matter if broken, melted or straight) as well as from the buildings themselves, and the cultural proximity of the owner Cesario Carena with the Arte Povera movement. There's no space for tabula rasa at the Fornace: its transformation goes on organically, in a suggesting - and, of course, economically convenient - cycle of decomposition, displacement and recomposition of the same matter. □ 心地重新设计以容纳高度多样化的新方案,并因此成功 转变为一个“城中城”。改造项目尊重既有肌理,保留 了其最具特色的品质——500m 长的城市立面,混凝土 柱梁的模块结构,内庭院的规则排列,但其创新性体现 在顶部加建的两个显眼的标志性元素:一个供精英会面 的玻璃“泡泡”,以及一个容纳画廊的钢铁“箱子”。自 2003 年完工以来,尽管受到经济危机的影响,林格托 对于促进周边区域的变革还是起到了重要作用,因而, 新的林格托工厂将逐渐成为都灵复兴的中心之一。 多拉公园是由占地 39hm 2 的前工业区改造而来的, 位于都灵一个战略性的再开发区域——斯皮纳 3 号。组 成公园的 5 个区跨越多拉河两岸,并未完全受原有结构 束缚,减法的处理方式既揭示了该区原有的工业痕迹, 又赋予其新的用途。结果着实令人振奋:一个由连续步 行路径组成的网络,部分处于地平面,部分抬高,引导 游客穿越别致的混凝土和钢铁废墟,这些废墟部分被植 物覆盖并巧妙地融入区域内的公共项目系统中。对前工 业建筑的体量削减,再加上与人和自然的不同寻常的互 动,生成了一处出人意料的、带有不可思议的纪念性的 城市景观:与公园周围在建的居住建筑完全不同。 自 1912 年开业以来,卡雷纳砖厂就处于不断的 变革之中,在坎比亚诺这个都灵东南的小自治市逐步 形成了分层的工业建筑群系统。工厂曾专门用于制砖, 而如今,功能多元化的转型过程已持续 20 年(仍未完 成),其目的是在未利用的空间中置入混合文化和居住 的方案。尽管建成项目(一个办公楼、一个小博物馆 和一个警卫室)在功能及复杂程度上差别很大,但它 们都从地方独特的精神中汲取灵感,这体现在对既存 建筑价值的认知、对取自熔炉(无论其是否破损、融 化或是坚硬 )的可回收材料及建筑本身的利用,还体 现在业主切萨里奥 · 卡雷纳对贫穷艺术运动的文化倾 向。弗那斯工厂无空地可用:其更新过程是有机的, 并以一种潜在的同时也是经济的循环方式对同一事物 解构、替代和重组。□ 作者简介:达维德·托马索·费兰多,建筑研究者,评论家,都灵 理工大学建筑学博士,马德里理工大学建筑学院建筑学硕士, 网络杂志《Zeroundicipiù》主编及同名文化协会主席。 Davide Tommaso Ferrando is an architecture researcher and critic, Ph.D in Architecture and Building Design (Politecnico di Torino) and Master in Advanced Architectural Design (Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid). He is editor-in- chief of the web-magazine "Zeroundicipiù" and president of the namesake cultural association. 收稿日期:2013-04-08
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34 世界建筑 2013/05
In the last decades, re-processes have acquired a growing importance in architectural discourse, thanks to the rise of a new attention to the physical heritage of our recent past - an attention primarily impulsed by the recognition of the critical stock of unused structures (especially industrial ones) that XX Century urban growth has dramatically left behind. The recent crisis seems to have reinforced this tendency, adding a set of economic reasons to design strategies that focus on shrinkage, downsizing, conversion and refurbishment of existing buildings. More recently, important contributions to the diffusion of such approaches - that address sustainability at different scales, from the regeneration of urban complexes to the recycling of wasted materials- have been given by the German Pavilion at last year's Biennale di Venezia (Reduce Reuse Recycle: Architecture as Resource), which exhibited 16 projects taking inspiration from existing structures, as well as by the last number of the Spanish magazine "a+t" (Reclaim: Remediate Reuse Recycle), which offers a deep and thorough analysis of 82 re-strategies pursued in 39 projects all over the globe.
The twelve years-long transformation of the Lingotto car factory into a multipurpose center is probably the most symbolic of all the interventions that are defining Torino's on-going transition from one-company town to post-fordist city. A monument of the age of the machine, after its closure in 1982 the Lingotto has been meticulously redesigned
达维德·托马索·费兰多/Davide Tommaso Ferrando孙德龙 译/Translated by SUN Delong
既存建筑的再思考:重复、减少和循环使用的可持续性RECONSIDERING THE EXISTING: SUSTAINABILITY AS REUSE, REDUCE AND RECYCLE
过去的数十年中,再生在建筑实践中逐渐受到重
视,这要归因于人们日益增长的对年代较近的物质遗
产的关注,即认识到 20 世纪城市扩张废弃了大量的闲
置建筑(尤其是工业建筑)。近来的危机似乎加剧了这
一趋势,使得设计策略要考虑已有建筑的缩减、精简、
改造、整修等一系列经济因素。去年威尼斯双年展的
德国馆(减少使用,重复使用,循环使用:建筑作为
资源)为传播这一观念做出了重要贡献,即从城市综
合体的再生到废物的循环利用,在不同尺度层面实现
了可持续性,其中展出的 16 个项目都是从现存建筑中
汲取灵感的。而上期西班牙杂志《a+t》(改造:修复,
再用,循环)也同样功不可没,它对全球 39 项目中采
用的 82个改造策略做了深入而透彻的分析。
林格托汽车厂持续 12年之久的功能多元化的转型
或许是都灵所有改造中 具象征性的,这些改造标志
着都灵正从单一工业城镇向后福特主义城市过渡。林
格托这个机械时代的纪念物在 1982年关闭后,就被精
to host a new and highly diversified program that has managed to convert the complex into a "city within the city". The reuse project intervenes respectfully on the existing fabric, by preserving its most characteristic traits - the 500 meters-long urban facade, the modular structure of concrete pillars and beams, the regular sequence of inner courtyards- but declares its novelty by adding two visible and iconic elements on top of it: a glass "bubble" for elite meetings and a steel "chest" hosting an art gallery. Since its completion in 2003, the new Lingotto has slowly become one of the neuralgic centers of Torino's regeneration, being its simple presence an important impulse for the transformation of its surrounding areas, although the economic crisis is now slowing down the process.
Parco Dora is a new park obtained from the conversion into public soil of 39 hectares of a former industrial district, located in a strategic redevelopment area of Torino known as Spina 3. Spanning on both sides of the river Dora, the five zones that compose the park have been partially liberated from their original structures, in a subtraction process meant both to reveal and give a new use to the traces of the area's industrial past. The result is indeed fascinating: a continuous network of pedestrian paths, partially at ground level and partially elevated, leads the park users through picturesque sequences of concrete and steel ruins, partially covered by growing vegetation and subtly integrated in the system of collective programs now
hosted within them. The volumetric reduction of the former industrial complex, in its unusual encounter with people and nature, has managed to produce an unexpected, strangely monumental urban landscape: whose quality, unfortunately, is not comparable with that of the residential buildings that are now being constructed around the park.
In a permanent state of transformation since its first opening in 1912, the Fornace Carena is a layered system of industrial buildings progressively erected in Cambiano, a small municipality in the south-east of Torino. Once exclusively dedicated to brick production, the complex is now undergoing a 20 years-long (and still unfinished) process of functional diversifi cation, aimed at installing a mix of cultural and residential programs in its unused spaces. Although the already completed projects (an office, a little museum and a guardhouse) are quite different in function and complexity, they all draw inspiration from the unique Stimmung of the place, which they filter through the recognition of the value of the existing structures, the availability of recyclable materials coming out of the furnace (it doesn't matter if broken, melted or straight) as well as from the buildings themselves, and the cultural proximity of the owner Cesario Carena with the Arte Povera movement. There's no space for tabula rasa at the Fornace: its transformation goes on organically, in a suggesting- and, of course, economically convenient- cycle of decomposition, displacement and recomposition of the same matter.□
心地重新设计以容纳高度多样化的新方案,并因此成功
转变为一个“城中城”。改造项目尊重既有肌理,保留
了其 具特色的品质——500m长的城市立面,混凝土
柱梁的模块结构,内庭院的规则排列,但其创新性体现
在顶部加建的两个显眼的标志性元素:一个供精英会面
的玻璃“泡泡”,以及一个容纳画廊的钢铁“箱子”。自
2003年完工以来,尽管受到经济危机的影响,林格托
对于促进周边区域的变革还是起到了重要作用,因而,
新的林格托工厂将逐渐成为都灵复兴的中心之一。
多拉公园是由占地 39hm2 的前工业区改造而来的,
位于都灵一个战略性的再开发区域——斯皮纳 3号。组
成公园的 5个区跨越多拉河两岸,并未完全受原有结构
束缚,减法的处理方式既揭示了该区原有的工业痕迹,
又赋予其新的用途。结果着实令人振奋:一个由连续步
行路径组成的网络,部分处于地平面,部分抬高,引导
游客穿越别致的混凝土和钢铁废墟,这些废墟部分被植
物覆盖并巧妙地融入区域内的公共项目系统中。对前工
业建筑的体量削减,再加上与人和自然的不同寻常的互
动,生成了一处出人意料的、带有不可思议的纪念性的
城市景观:与公园周围在建的居住建筑完全不同。
自 1912 年开业以来,卡雷纳砖厂就处于不断的
变革之中,在坎比亚诺这个都灵东南的小自治市逐步
形成了分层的工业建筑群系统。工厂曾专门用于制砖,
而如今,功能多元化的转型过程已持续 20 年(仍未完
成),其目的是在未利用的空间中置入混合文化和居住
的方案。尽管建成项目(一个办公楼、一个小博物馆
和一个警卫室)在功能及复杂程度上差别很大,但它
们都从地方独特的精神中汲取灵感,这体现在对既存
建筑价值的认知、对取自熔炉(无论其是否破损、融
化或是坚硬 )的可回收材料及建筑本身的利用,还体
现在业主切萨里奥 · 卡雷纳对贫穷艺术运动的文化倾
向。弗那斯工厂无空地可用:其更新过程是有机的,
并以一种潜在的同时也是经济的循环方式对同一事物
解构、替代和重组。□
作者简介:达维德·托马索·费兰多,建筑研究者,评论家,都灵
理工大学建筑学博士,马德里理工大学建筑学院建筑学硕士,
网络杂志《Zeroundicipiù》主编及同名文化协会主席。
Davide Tommaso Ferrando is an architecture researcher and critic, Ph.D in Architecture and Building Design (Politecnico di
Torino) and Master in Advanced Architectural Design (Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid). He is editor-in-chief of the web-magazine "Zeroundicipiù" and president of the namesake cultural association. 收稿日期:2013-04-08