Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke M. Kravcik R. Klamma JTEL Summer School May 2011 Slide 1 role-project.eu Psychology-informed Design of Responsive Open (Personal) Learning Environments Chania, May 2011 Milos Kravcik, Ralf Klamma Chair for Information Systems and Databases, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Psychology-informed Design of Responsive Open (Personal) Learning Environments
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Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 1
role-project.eu Psychology-informed Design of Responsive Open (Personal) Learning
Environments
Chania, May 2011
Milos Kravcik, Ralf Klamma
Chair for Information Systems and Databases,RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 2
role-project.eu
Workshop History
JTEL Summer School, May 2010, Ohrid, FYROM
RWTH Aachen, July 2010, Aachen, Germany
ROLE Developer Camp, August 2010, EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
Evaluation and paper writing
Paper presentation, ICALT, July 2011, Athens, Georgia/USA
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 3
role-project.eu
Overview
Theoretical BackgroundHuman cognitive biasesPrinciples of choice architectureROLE learning process modelRequirements of ROLE Widget Store
User TutorialLearning scenarioROLE Widget Store usageConceptual ROLE/PLE designWS usage & PLE creationWidget store requirementsPresentationDiscussion
Developer TutorialWidget spaces XMPP real-time communication& collaboration Inter widget communicationWidget deployment Publication in Widget StoreWidget ranking
2 Kinds of ThinkingAutomatic system (AS):– gut reaction:
• intuitive, rapid, instinctive• associated with the oldest parts of the brain
Reflective system (RS) – conscious thought:
• rational, deliberate, self-conscious
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 6
role-project.eu
Heuristics and BiasesHumans predictably err – this knowledge can be harnessed to help them
Heuristics & biases emerge from the interplay between AS & RS
Categories of biases:
Bounded rationality our rationality is delimited
Self-control our rationality and temptation may be in conflict
Social influences we are influenced by the behavior of other people
Sunstein, Thaler (2008). Nudge.
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 7
role-project.eu
Uneasy Choices• self-control issues arise when choices and
their consequences are separated in timeDelayed effects
• many problems in life are difficult and there is no technology to helpDifficulty
• some decisions are rare, therefore there is a lack of practiceInfrequency
• learning requires immediate and clear feedback after each tryPoor feedback
• ambiguous relation between a choice and its consequenceUnclear impact
Sunstein, Thaler (2008). Nudge.
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 8
role-project.eu
Choice Architecture• they are very powerful, as usually a lot of people end up
with itDefault options
• a well designed system is as forgiving as possibleExpect error
• it is the best way how to improve the performance of humansGive feedback
• options should be comprehensibleUnderstand mappingsfrom choice to welfare
• Elimination by aspects: eliminate the unsuitable alternatives• Collaborative filtering: use the judgements of similar people
Structure complexchoices
• put the right incentives on the right people – Who uses? Who chooses? Who pays? Who profits?Incentives
Sunstein, Thaler (2008). Nudge.
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 9
role-project.eu
Proposed SolutionLibertarian paternalism: preserves liberty and tries to influence choices in a way that will make choosers better off, as judged by themselves
• This influence can be realized via suitable alerts or nudges• A nudge should alert people’s behavior in a predictable way and at the same time it should be easy and cheap to avoid
The golden rule of libertarian paternalism: offer nudges that are most likely to help and least likely to inflict harmSunstein, Thaler (2008). Nudge.
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. KravcikR. Klamma
JTEL Summer School
May 2011Slide 10
role-project.eu
Personal Learning Environment (PLE)
PLE describes the tools, communities, and services that constitute the individual educational platforms learners use to direct their own learning and pursue educational goalsLMS – course-centric vs. PLE – learner-centric:• Extension of individual research• Students in charge of their learning process
• self-direction, responsibility• Promotes authentic learning (incorporating expert feedback)• Student’s scholarly work + own critical reflection + the work and voice of others • Web 2.0 influence on educational process
• customizable portals/dashboards, iGoogle, My Yahoo!• Learning is a collaborative exercise in collection, orchestration, remixing, & integration of data into knowledge building• Emphasis on metacognition in learning