Psychology Counseling Theories Within the Healthcare Industry

Kimber ly Swanson

EPY816 - Advanced Seminar in Teach ing Psychology

Ke iser Univers i ty PhD Program

Dr. Shoshana Dayanim

May 22, 2016

PSYCHOLOGY &

COUNSELING THEORIES

WITHIN THE

HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

Psychology in Healthcare

Biopsychosocial Model

Sub-specializations Within Psychology

Meaning of Counseling Psychology

How is Counseling Applied to Healthcare

“Client” or “Patient”

Evolution of Counseling Theories

Classical - Counseling Theories

Modern – Counseling Theories

COURSE OUTLINE

Biomedical + Psychological Research =

Biopsychosocial Approaches

Re fe r en ce

L avo ie , S . ( 2 016) . W h a t i s a M en t a l D i so r d e r ? - De f in i t io n & Tr ea t m en t ( L ec t u r e N o tes ) .

Ret r ieved f ro m h t t p : / / s t u dy. co m /a ca demy / lesso n /w ha t - i s -a - m en t a l -d iso r d er - de f in i t i o n - t r ea tm en t -

q u i z . h t m l# lesso n

PSYCHOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE

R e f e r e n c e

T h e P a t i e n t P a t i e n t . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . T h e b i o p s y c h o s o c i a l o f d i s e a s e . R e t r i e v e d f r o m

h t t p : / / t h e p a t i e n t p a t i e n t 2 0 1 1 . b l o g s p o t . c o m / 2 0 1 3 / 0 4 / t h e - b i o p s y c h o s o c i a l - m o d e l - o f - d i s e a s e . h t m l

INCORPORATING BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL

MODEL

Within health, psychologist have a multiple levels of sub-specializations within the field of psychology (Wahass, 2005).

These Clinical fields of Psychology (sub-specializations) are (Wahass, 2005):

Clinical Psychology

Health Psychology/ Medical Psychology

Clinical Neuropsychology

Counseling Psychology

Rehabilitation Psychology

Pediatric Psychology

Community Psychology

Reference

Wahass, S.H. (2005). The role of psychologists in health care delivery. Journal of Family &

Community Medicine,12 (2): 63–70.

SUB-SPECIALIZATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY .

For this course we are going to focus on counseling

psychology

What is counseling psychology?

How is counseling applied in healthcare?

COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY

Counseling Psychologist’s area of specialty is in counseling.

Most counseling psychologist works assist individuals and/or

groups in improving their overall health by removing stress,

resolving their issues, and by increasing their capability of

solving problems (Wahass, 2005). These practitioners work in

a wide spectrum of setting ranging from hospitals to

community health (Wahass, 2005).

DEFINITION OF COUNSELING

PSYCHOLOGY

Many counselors within the healthcare industry utilize eclectic

approaches to providing therapeutic treatments to their

clients (Rosenthal, 2008) . Often times these techniques are

based according to the needs and desires of the client, client

centered.

Reference

Rosenthal , H . (2008) . Encyc lopedia of Counsel ing (3rd Ed. ) . Rout ledge Tay lor &

Franc is Group, New York , NY.

COUNSELING APPLIED IN HEALTHCARE

Often times the term “client” is used instead of patient in the

field of counseling (Rosenthal, 2008). Client is used instead

of patient because often times the word “patient” implies

i l lness (Rosenthal, 2008).

“CLIENT” OR “PATIENT”

Counseling in healthcare instead implies wellness and takes a

holistic approach to staying healthy (Rosenthal, 2008). The

following shows how counseling has evolved and changed and

how it is now applied within healthcare.

EVOLUTION OF COUNSELING THEORIES

Classical Conditioning

Person-Centered

Gestalt therapies

HISTORY OF COUNSELING (CLASSICAL

THEORIES)

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (ATTACHMENT

THEORY)

Re fe r en ce

M c L eo d , S . A . ( 2 0 09) . At t a c h m e n t T h e or y . Ret r ieved f ro m

w w w. s im plyp syc ho lo gy. o rg /a t t ac h m en t .h t m l

Person-Centered is a humanistic type therapy that was

developed by Carl Rogers during the 1950’s (McLeod, 2008)

Theory states that people are generally good;

Suggests that individuals want to reach certain goals:

Want to improve themselves (have growth/prosperity) (Rosenthal,

2008)

To reach “self- actualization” (Rosenthal, 2008)

References

McLeod, S . (2008) . Person Centered Therapy . Ret r ieved f rom

http ://www.simplypsychology.org/cl ient -centred- therapy.html

Rosenthal , H . (2008) . Encyc lopedia of Counsel ing (3rd Ed. ) . Rout ledge Tay lor &

Franc is Group, New York , NY.

PERSON-CENTERED

Gestalt Therapy was developed by a German psychoanalyst,

Fritz Perls

It Focuses on the “here and now” (Rosenthal, 2008)

Focuses on whole person , is considered holistic within

psychology (Rosenthal, 2008)

GESTALT THERAPIES

BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

Robert Ellis is the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior

Therapy (REBT).

Suggests that people do not have to be limited to their short

comings of their cultural and biological background

(Rosenthal, 2008).

People can be taught to use their capabilities to change

their way of thinking (Rosental, 2008).

RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY

(REBT)

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THEORY

COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL CHART

R e f e r e n c e

W e s t b r o o k , D . , K e n n e r l e y , H . & K i r k , J . ( 2 0 0 7 ) . A n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o c o g n i t i v e b e h a v i o r t h e r a p y : s k i l l s &

a p p l i c a t i o n s . S a g e , N e w Y o r k , N Y .

COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL CYCLE -

DEPRESSION

During the mid 1960’s, William Glasser (American

Psychiatrist) created reality therapy

People try to accomplish mental needs (Rosenthal, 2008)

There is a need of self worth and to be accepted by others

(Rosenthal, 2008).

The brain is the controller and it tries to meet essential goals

(Rosenthal, 2008).

REALITY THERAPY

FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY AND

THERAPIES

Purpose of integrating counseling theories

To understand human interaction and functionality;

How human functionality can affected;

Physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, culturally, through politics, and

through spirituality

Balancing the integration of mind, body, and spirit to achieving

optimal overall health

Integrated counseling techniques (according to the clients needs) =

Improved overall health

INTEGRATING COUNSELING THEORIES

COUNSELING IN A NUTSHELL

“Psychology and counseling is what put all of the pieces

together within healthcare. It is like putting all of the

broken pieces within a puzzle and mending them together in

order to make a person become whole and more complete.

Not just physically but also mentally and spiritually” –

Kimberly Swanson (MS-PSY., Psychotherapist, CNA)

PSYCHOLOGY & COUNSELING

CONCLUSION

Thank you For Watching!! I hope that you enjoyed.

PSYCHOLOGY & COUNSELING THEORIES

IN HEALTHCARE