Psychoanalytic Therapy Presentation New

7/30/2019 Psychoanalytic Therapy Presentation New

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A PRESENTATION ON PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY

BY

ADU BOAHEN BENARD

&

NANA AKUA AKUFFO


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Psychoanalysis is the psychotherapeutic

application by a trained analysts, of

psychoanalytic theory in order to ameliorate

disorders that interfere with the analysandssatisfactory functioning.

This is conducted with frequency and

intensity

And seek to bring the unconscious mentalprocesses into the analysands awareness

where they may be explored and understood.


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how did psychoanalysis originate?

More than a hundred years ago, the medical founder ofpsychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, abandoned a traditional psychiatricapproach. Instead he encouraged his patients to lie down in a

relaxed position, on a couch, and to try to say exactly what waspassing through their minds from moment to moment.

He sat out of sight behind them, so as not to distract them. He keptto a strictly professional setting that was confidential and avoidedjudgment or blame, with sessions at regular times. What he foundwas that there were all sorts of unconscious and half-conscious fearsand preoccupations behind his patient psychological symptoms.

These (especially in the repressive late

19th and early 20th centuries) could be worries and traumas of a

sexual nature, which they found shaming and disgusting. Often,

anxieties were also to do with hatred and aggression; things that

conflicted with the way people wanted to see themselves. This is

still very true today.


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THE THEORY

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is based on the observation

that we sometimes try to deal with problems by trying to

keep them out of our mind as a way of getting rid of

them. However, they will continue to have an important

effect on our feelings and behavior. Early experiences

are important in shaping the way the mind works but a

large part of our mind operates outside of ourconsciousness. From an early age, we find ways of

managing our experiences and this influences how we

cope in later life.


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It is through conflicts between the conscious

and the unconscious and between the

biological motivating forces in people and the

social tempering forces in the environmentthat the personality develops, acculturation

occurs, and values are acquired.

o Freud described this human motivation as

being governed by the tendency to seekpleasure (a biological drive) and to avoid pain.

He called this tension-reducing force the

pleasure principle.


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Freud continued to research hypnotism in treatment,

but his work and friendship with colleague Josef Breuer

led to the development of his most famous therapeutic

technique. Breuer described his treatment of a youngwoman, known in the case history as Anna O., whose

symptoms of hysteria were relieved by talking about

her traumatic experiences. Freud and Breuer

collaborated on a book called Studies on Hysteria andFreud continued to develop his use of this "talk

therapy."
http://psychology.about.com/od/sigmundfreud/p/anna_o.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sigmundfreud/p/anna_o.htm


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Psychoanalytic therapists generally spend

time listening to patients talk about their

lives, which is why this method is often

referred to as "talk therapy." The therapyprovider will look for patterns or significant

events that may play a role in the clients

current difficulties. Psychoanalysts believe

that childhood events and unconscious

feelings, thoughts and motivations play a

role in mental illness and maladaptive

behaviors.


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The therapist offers an empathetic and

nonjudgmental environment where the client

can feel safe in revealing feelings or actions

that have led to stress or tension in his or herlife


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The client must feel free to express

anything.

The therapeutic situation must be a unique

social situation, one where the patient donot have to be afraid of social judgment or

ostracism.

In this therapy, the environment should be

physically relaxing couch, dim lights, sound-proof walls, and the stage is set.


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Psychoanalysis is interested in exploration of the

unconscious mind in order to cure. In this respect,it applies specific techniques or methods that we

intend to present in this section.

FREE ASSOCIATION

The client talks about anything at all. The theory is

that, with relaxation, the unconscious conflict will

inevitably drift to the fore.


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RESISTANCE

When a patient tries to change the topic,

falls asleep, comes in late or skips an

appointment , the therapist says aha!. These resistance suggest that the client is

nearing something in his free association that

he unconsciously, finds something

threatening.


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DREAM ANALYSIS

This is the process of explaining the meaning of the waythe unconscious thoughts and emotions are processed inthe mind during sleep.

THE SYMBOLIC METHOD

Held that dreams had to be considered in their entirety andtherefore unified in their meaning.

THE DECODING METHODConsiders events and objects in dreams as symbols, whichare translated into broader symbols using a key as a guide.

In sleep we are somewhat less resistant to our unconsciousand we will allow a few things in symbolic forms to cometo awareness.

These wishes from the id provide the therapist with moreclues.


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PARAPRAXES

Is a slip of tongue often called Freudian slip.

The therapist is also interested in the jokes

of his clients told. Almost everything meant something all the

time. Eg dialing a wrong number, making a

wrong turn, misspelling a word.


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PROJECTIVE TEST

Such as famous Rorschach or inkblot test.

The theory behind this test is that when the

stimulus is vague, the client fills it with hisown unconscious themes.


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TRANSFERANCE

Occurs when a client projects feelings

towards the therapist that more legitimately

belong to certain important others. This brings the repressed emotions that has

been plaguing the client for so long to the

surface.


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CATHARSIS

Is a sudden or dramatic outpouring of

emotions that occurs when the trauma is

resurrected INSIGHT

This is being aware of the source of the

emotion. The major portion of the therapy is

completed when catharsis and insight areexperienced


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The analyst is silent as much as possible in order to

encourage patients free association. However, theanalyst offers judiciously timed interpretations in

the form of verbal comments about the material

that emerges in order to uncover the patients

resistance to treatment. The interpretation may be either focused on

present issues Dynamic or to draw connection

between the patients past and the present

Genetic.


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The therapist offers an empathetic and nonjudgmentalenvironment where the client can feel safe in revealing

feelings or actions that have led to stress or tension in his

or her life. Oftentimes, simply sharing these burdens with

another person can have a beneficial influence.The patient experience a sense of greater fulfillment in

their lives from having established a secured base in the

relationship with psychoanalyst that allows glitches and

faults in development.


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Individuals who are most suited for this therapy have

experience general dissatisfaction with their lives-

suffering from long standing depression, anxiety, sexual

difficulties, physical symptoms without physical basis.


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Costs are often cited as the biggest disadvantage ofpsychoanalytic therapy. Many clients are in therapy for

years, so the financial and time costs associated with

this treatment modality can be very hig.

.


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Critics also point out that the effectiveness

of psychoanalytic therapy can also be

questioned. One study found that there was

no difference in therapy outcomes between

psychoanalytic therapy clients and a placebo

group. Other critics including Noam Chomsky

and Karl Popper suggest that psychoanalysis

lacks scientific basis


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Other critics claim that psychoanalysis

cannot be considered a science due to its

lack of predictions. Psychoanalysts, critics

maintain, state that certain childhood

experiences, such as abuse or molestation,

produce certain outcomes or states of

neurosis. To take this idea one step further,

one should be able to predict that if children

experience abuse, for instance, they will

become characterized by certain personality

traits. (Colby, 1960, p. 55).


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Commer, R.J (1995) Abnormal psychology (2nd

ed)

Freud S. (1916-1917) Introductory lecture on

psychoanalysis Salzman L. (1980) treatment of obsessive

oersonality.

Psychoanalytic Therapy Presentation New

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