Centre for Psychiatric Nursing Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Psychiatric Mental Health
Nursing
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Overview ofPsychiatric/Mental Health
Nursing
Outline Similarities & differences between
psychiatric nursing and other fields of
nursing
Skills & knowledge of the psychiatric nurse
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Overview ofPsychiatric/mental Health
Nursing
The importance of psychiatric nursing skills
in all clinical settings
Career opportunities
Postgraduate study & endorsement
Professional affiliation
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Psychiatric/mental Health
Nurse “Mental Health Nursing is a specialised
field of nursing which focuses on meeting
the mental health needs of the consumer, inpartnership with family, significant others
and the community in any setting. It is a
specialised interpersonal processembodying a concept of caring….” (p. 3)
ANZCMHN (1995)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Essence ofPsychiatric/mental Health
Nursing
Lies not in tasks performed or with the presentingillness but in the relationship that develops with
clients and families and their responses to theillness, including the impact that the illness has ontheir lives.
The essence is in establishing a „therapeutic partnership‟, a connectedness, between the nurseand client which is based on empathy and trust.
Elsom (2001)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Similarities & Differences
SIMILARITIES
Work in close contact with people from a wide
variety of backgrounds Provide CARE for people with a wide variety of
illnesses
Involved in health promotion and illnessprevention
Nursing philosophy of benevolence
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Similarities & Differences
SIMILARITIES
Education: must meet required level of
knowledge and skills to attainregistration/endorsement
Governed by the Nurses Codes –
Professional Conduct & Ethics Structure of work hours, salary, benefits
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Similarities & DifferencesDIFFERENCES
Core focus of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Therapeutic relationship
Use of self as a therapeutic tool People-centred approach, engaging clients in
discourse, promoting change
Less task orientated
Less technical environment
Professional autonomy
Moir & Abraham (1996)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Similarities & Differences
DIFFERENCES
Clinical competence based on interpersonal
techniquesStuart & Laraia (2001)
Less repetition in process & procedures due to
client individualityMoir & Abraham (1996)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Philosophy of the Profession
Each individual:
Has intrinsic worth and dignity and each
person is worthy of respect.
Has the potential to change.
Has common, basic human needs…
Varies in their coping capacities
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Philosophy of the profession
Each individual(s):
Behaviour is meaningful…
Has a right to equal opportunity for
adequate health care.
Has the right to participate in decision
making regarding their care.
Has the right to self-determination…
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Philosophy of the profession
The fundamental premise is:
The goal of nursing care is to promotewellness, maximise integrated
functioning….nursing care is based onmutually determined needs and expectedtreatment outcomes..
An interpersonal relationship can producechange and growth within the individual….
Stuart & Laraia (2001, p. 7)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Knowledge, Skills &Attitudes of the
Psychiatric/mental Health Nurse
The knowledge base of the
psychiatric/mental health nurse is
grounded in the integration of the
biological, psychological, spiritual, social
and environmental realms of the human
experience.
Stuart & Laraia (2001)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Knowledge, Skills &Attitudes of the
Psychiatric/mental Health Nurse
Broad context of care
Requires purposeful use of self as a therapeutictool
“Knowing you, Knowing me” (Awareness of self) Barker, Jackson & Stevenson (1999)
Requires great sensitivity to the socialenvironment & advocacy needs of clients/families
Requires careful consideration of legal & ethicalissues
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Knowledge, Skills &Attitudes of the
Psychiatric/mental Health NurseTHERAPEUTIC NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
• Physical dimension
• Safety dimension• Social dimension
• Spiritual dimension
• Provision of treatment modalities
• Encouraging self-determination
• Provision of information
Cowman, Farrelly & Gilheany (2001)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes
of the Psychiatric/mental Health
Nurse Milieu management
Assessing, planning, implementing & evaluating
care Pharmacological interventions
Documentation/Administration
Legal requirements Educating/supervision
Coordination/Multidisciplinary team member
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Importance ofPsychiatric/mental Health Nursing
Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes
In Australia, one in five persons will atsome stage in their lives, experience a
major mental illness.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care Services (1997)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Importance ofPsychiatric/mental Health Nursing
Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes
Exposure to clients with mental health problems
or illness in any area of practice
Skills will assist the nurse to provide comfort to
clients who may be experiencing a myriad of
emotions. I.e. grief, anxiety, anger, cognitive
deficits and subsequent behaviour, and diagnosed
mental illness
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
The Importance ofPsychiatric/mental Health Nursing
Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes
Mental state assessment skills
Early intervention - reduced stays, improved
recovery rates. Improved client outcomes
Nurse more comfortable, confident in working
with clients with mental illness
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Career Opportunities
Diversity within the profession
Attractive transferable skills
Consultation
Management
Education
Independent Practitioner
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Career Opportunities
DIVERSITY
Public & Private Mental Health Services
In-Patient Facilities Out-patient or Day-patient Programs
Crisis Assessment & Treatment Teams
Community Teams Consultation-Liaison Mental Health Nurse
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Career Opportunities
DIVERSITY Adult Acute
Community
Adult Rehabilitation Child & Adolescent
Aged Mental Health
Forensic Specialty Programs: I.e. Eating Disorders, Substance
Abuse Treatment, Cognitive Behavioural Programs,
Parent-Infant.
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Career Opportunities
Career structure
Professional development
Clinical supervision
Scholarships
Graduate nurse Programs
Postgraduate Study Paid study leave
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Postgraduate Study &
Endorsement Postgraduate studies in Psychiatric/Mental Health
Nursing
Graduate Diploma Graduate Certificate
Endorsement by the NBV (Where relevant)
Highly attractive to prospective employers
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Professional Affiliation
Australian Collage of Mental Health Nurses
ACMHN.
Standards of Practice
Centre for Psychiatric Nursing (CPN)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
Reflection
“Nurses are „traveling companions‟ with
patients, not „travel agents‟… the heart
(of nursing) is the skills and values
needed by nurses to establish and
maintain human contact with patients.”
Peck & Norman (1999)
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
References Australian and New Zealand Collage of Mental Health Nurses Inc.
(ANZCMHN) (1995). Standards of Practice for Mental Health Nursing in Australia Adelaide: ANZCMHN Inc.
Barker, P., Jackson, S. & Stevenson, C. (1999). What are psychiatricnurses needed for? Developing a theory of essential nursingpractice Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 6,
273-282.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care Services.(1997). National Mental Health Report 1996: Fourth Annual Report,Changes in Australia’s Mental Health Services under the National
Mental Health Strategy 1995-6. Canberra: Australian GovernmentPrinting Services
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Centre for Psychiatric Nursing
References Cowman, S., Farrelly, M. & Gilheany, P. (2001). An examination of
the role and function of psychiatric nurses in clinical practice inIreland Journal of Advanced Nursing 34(6 ), 745-753.
Elsom, S. (2001). The active participants in Mental Health Services.In Meadows, G. & Singh, B. (Ed.), Mental Health in Australia,Collaborative Community Practice (pp. 136-162). Melbourne:Oxford University Press.
Grigg, M. (2001) The role of the psychiatric nurse. AustralasianPsychiatry 9(2), 143-145.
Peck, E. & Norman, I. (1999). Working together in adult communitymental health services: exploring inter-professional role relations.
Journal of Mental Health 8, 231-242