Ch. 7 Social Influence Group 2: Jessica, Molly, Desiree, Heather, Patrick
Jul 09, 2015
Ch. 7Social Influence
Group 2: Jessica, Molly, Desiree, Heather, Patrick
Social Influence
The area of social psychology that studies the ways in which people
influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of
other people
7.1 Persuasion:Of Hard Pushing,Soft Pedaling and You
Factors of Persuasion
Source Variables
•Credibility
•Likability
•Similarity
Message Variables
• One-sided vs. two-sided
arguments
•Repetition
Recipient Variables
•Intelligence
•Self-Confidence
•Mood
Persuasion
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Central Route involves careful consideration of the merits of the argument and of the evidence at hand
Peripheral Route involves persuasion by means of associating a persuasive message with cues that are peripheral to or to the side of the content or meaning of message
Elaboration Likelihood Model
High-Involvement Processing
Cognitive Responses
Belief & Attitude Change
Behavior Change
Low-Involvement Processing
Belief Change
Behavior Change
Attitude Change
Communication
(source, message, channel)
Attention & Comprehension
Central Route
Peripheral Route
The Persuasive Message
The more often we are exposed to a message the greater the likelihood we will evaluate it more favorably, but only up to a point.
Two-sided arguments
Emotional appeals
The Persuasive Message
The Persuasive Communicator
Characteristics:
Credibility
Likeability
Trustworthiness
Attractiveness
Similarity to their audiences
The Persuaded Audience
People with high self-esteem are more likely to resist social pressure then people with low self-esteem.
People who are anxious when interacting with others may be more easily persuaded than people who are more self-assured.
Study done by Schwartz and Gottman
Sales Ploys
The Foot-in-the-door Technique
Low-balling
Bait and Switch
Foot-In-The-Door
Low-Balling
Extremely attractive terms are offered to induce a person to make a commitment, after which the terms are revised.
Bait and Switch
The sales tactic of baiting customers with low priced but inferior merchandise and then switching them to a higher priced item of more acceptable quality.
7.2 Group Influences:Obedience, Conformity and Mob Behavior
Obedience to Authority
The Milgram Studies:
Why?
1. Propaganda
Used to dehumanize other groups
2. Socialization
We are socialized to obey authority figures
3. Lack of Social Comparison
Subjects did not have the opportunity to compare their ideas/feelings
Why?
4. Perception of legitimate authority Reputation of Yale may have been
overpowering
5. Foot-in-the-door Technique The further they went, the harder it was to stop
themselves
6. Inaccessibility of values Powerful emotions disrupt clear thinking
Why?
7. Buffers
The “learner” was in the other room
Conformity
Conform:
To change one’s attitudes or behaviors to adhere to social norms.
Social Norms:
Explicit or implicit rules that reflect social expectations and influence the ways people behave in social situations.
Conformity
Seven Line Judges Can’t Be Wrong, Can They? The Asch Study
Factors Influencing Conformity
Membership in a collectivist society
Desire to be liked by other members of the group
Low self-esteem
Social shyness
Lack of familiarity of the task
Also: group size and social support
Getting Mobbed: The Beast with Many Heads
The Lynching of Arthur Stevens
The Human Wave
Deindividuation The process by which group members
discontinue self-evaluation and adopt group norms and attitudes.
Diffusion of Responsibility The dilution or loss of individual responsibility
for behavior when members of a group act in unison.
7.3Altruism and Helping Behavior:Preventing the Social Fabric from Tearing
Altruism
Unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
The Bystander Effect
The tendency for bystanders to fail to act to help a person in need.
Bystander Intervention
Deciding to help… or not?
1. Recognize a need for help exists
2. Interpret the event as a clear emergency
3. Assume responsibility
4. Choose a way to help
5. Implement plan - Offer assistance
The Helper: Who Helps?
Other factors affecting helping behavior
Mood
Empathy
The Victim: Who is Helped?
Those we know
Those similar to us
Women vs. men
More baby-faced features
Race/ethnicity
Would You Help?
7.4 Becoming an Assertive Person:Winning Respect, Influencing People
Self Monitoring
Jot down brief descriptions of encounters that lead to negative feelings
The situation
What you felt and said/did
How others responded to your behavior
How you felt about the behavior afterward
Assertiveness
Assertive Behavior vs. Submissive or Aggressive Behavior
Confronting Irrational Beliefs: Do your own beliefs trigger unassertive or aggressive behaviors?
Women and Assertive Behavior: Problems caused by Early Socialization Messages
Assertiveness
Successfully Shy
Bernardo Carducci:
1. Minimizing self-consciousness
2. Relieving social pressure
3. Having something to say
4. Expanding your social network
5. Everybody benefits
Changing Irrational Beliefs
Modeling
Creating the new – Well, almost new –You
Behavioral Rehearsal:
Practice makes much better
Review
Social Influences:
Persuasion
Group Influences
Altruism and Helping Behaviors
Becoming and Assertive Person