ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014 DOI: 10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0307009 Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 10439 PSO Technique for Solving the Economic Dispatch Problem Considering the Generator Constraints Dr. L.V.Narasimha Rao 1 Professor, Dept. of EEE, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India 1 ABSTRACT: By economic dispatch means, to find the generation of the different units in a plant so that the total fuel cost is minimum and at same time the total demand and losses at any instant must be met by the total generation. The classical optimizations of continuous functions have been considered. Various factors like optimal dispatch, total cost, incremental cost of delivered power, total system losses, loss coefficients and absolute value of the real power mismatch are evaluated for a simple system by hand calculation. The MATLAB programs were developed to solve Economic Load Dispatch Problem of an n-unit Plant through lambda iterative method and Particle Swarm Optimization KEYWORDS: frequency hopping sequence (FHS) , optimal power flow (OPF) I.INTRODUCTION In a practical power system, the power plants are not located at the same distance from the centre of loads and their fuel costs are different. Also under normal operating conditions, the generating capacity is more than the total load demand and losses. Thus there are many options for scheduling the generation. With large interconnection of electrical networks, the energy crisis in the world and continuous rise in prices, it is very essential to reduce the running charges of electrical energy .i.e. reduce the fuel consumption for meeting a particular demand. In an interconnected power system, the objective is to find the real and reactive power scheduling of each power plant in such a way as to minimize the operating cost. This means that the generators real and reactive powers are allowed to vary within certain limits so as to meet a particular load demand with minimum fuel cost. This is called the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The OPF is used to optimize the power flow solution of large scale power system. This is done by minimizing selected objective functions. While maintaining an acceptable system performance in terms of generator capability limits and output of the compensating devices. The objective functions, also known as cost functions may present economic costs, system security or other objectives. Efficient reactive power planning enhances operation as well as system security. In this project our aim was to find optimal solution to the Economic dispatch including losses and generating limits .There are several methods to solve Economic load dispatch problem. Hence we considered one of the conventional methods i.e. lambda iterative method and one of the Artificial Intelligence methods i.e. Particle Swarm Optimization. Lambda iterative method was done by considering a specific lambda value and co-ordination equations were derived. From this equation we got a solution in which inequality constraints imposed on generation of each plant and equality condition were satisfied. Particle Swarm Optimization is also used to solve the same problem. In this method various steps involved are Initialization, Evaluation etc. Through all the above process the optimal solution was derived.The results of both the Lambda iterative method and Particle Swarm Optimization method were compared and the best method was identified as Particle Swarm Optimization method II.ECONOMIC DISPATCH It considers a network with N mobile unlicensed nodes that move in an environment according to some stochastic mobility models. It also assumes that entire spectrum is divided into number of M non-overlapping orthogonal channels having different bandwidth. The access to each licensed channel is regulated by fixed duration time slots. Slot timing is assumed to be broadcast by the primary system. Before transmitting its message, each transmitter node, which is a node
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ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014
DOI: 10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0307009
Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 10439
PSO Technique for Solving the Economic
Dispatch Problem Considering the Generator
Constraints
Dr. L.V.Narasimha Rao1
Professor, Dept. of EEE, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India 1
ABSTRACT: By economic dispatch means, to find the generation of the different units in a plant so that the total fuel
cost is minimum and at same time the total demand and losses at any instant must be met by the total generation. The
classical optimizations of continuous functions have been considered. Various factors like optimal dispatch, total cost,
incremental cost of delivered power, total system losses, loss coefficients and absolute value of the real power
mismatch are evaluated for a simple system by hand calculation. The MATLAB programs were developed to solve
Economic Load Dispatch Problem of an n-unit Plant through lambda iterative method and Particle Swarm Optimization
KEYWORDS: frequency hopping sequence (FHS) , optimal power flow (OPF)
I.INTRODUCTION
In a practical power system, the power plants are not located at the same distance from the centre of loads and
their fuel costs are different. Also under normal operating conditions, the generating capacity is more than the total load
demand and losses. Thus there are many options for scheduling the generation. With large interconnection of electrical
networks, the energy crisis in the world and continuous rise in prices, it is very essential to reduce the running charges
of electrical energy .i.e. reduce the fuel consumption for meeting a particular demand. In an interconnected power
system, the objective is to find the real and reactive power scheduling of each power plant in such a way as to minimize
the operating cost. This means that the generators real and reactive powers are allowed to vary within certain limits so
as to meet a particular load demand with minimum fuel cost. This is called the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The
OPF is used to optimize the power flow solution of large scale power system. This is done by minimizing selected
objective functions. While maintaining an acceptable system performance in terms of generator capability limits and
output of the compensating devices. The objective functions, also known as cost functions may present economic costs,
system security or other objectives. Efficient reactive power planning enhances operation as well as system security.
In this project our aim was to find optimal solution to the Economic dispatch including losses and generating
limits .There are several methods to solve Economic load dispatch problem. Hence we considered one of the
conventional methods i.e. lambda iterative method and one of the Artificial Intelligence methods i.e. Particle Swarm
Optimization. Lambda iterative method was done by considering a specific lambda value and co-ordination equations
were derived. From this equation we got a solution in which inequality constraints imposed on generation of each plant
and equality condition were satisfied. Particle Swarm Optimization is also used to solve the same problem. In this
method various steps involved are Initialization, Evaluation etc. Through all the above process the optimal solution
was derived.The results of both the Lambda iterative method and Particle Swarm Optimization method were compared
and the best method was identified as Particle Swarm Optimization method
II.ECONOMIC DISPATCH
It considers a network with N mobile unlicensed nodes that move in an environment according to some stochastic
mobility models. It also assumes that entire spectrum is divided into number of M non-overlapping orthogonal channels
having different bandwidth. The access to each licensed channel is regulated by fixed duration time slots. Slot timing is
assumed to be broadcast by the primary system. Before transmitting its message, each transmitter node, which is a node
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014
DOI: 10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0307009
Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 10454
REFERENCES
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[3] T. O. Ting, Student Member, IEEE, M. V. C. Rao, and C. K. Loo, Member, IEEE, “A Novel Approach for Unit Commitment Problem via an Effective Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 21, NO. 1,pp. 411-418, FEBRUARY
2006.
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November/December1980.
[12]HAPP, H.H, “Optimal power dispatch”, IEEE Trans., PAS-93, pp. 820- 830, 1974. [13]T.E. Bechert and H.G. Kwatny, “On the Optimal Dynamic Dispatch of Real Power”, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, pp.
889,May/June 1972.
[14] I.J. Nagrath, D.P. Kothari, “Modern Power System Analysis”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co, 1989. [15] C.L. Wadhwa, “ Electric Power Systems”, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2001.