PSK 4U - Nipissing University

PSK 4U

Introductory Kinesiology

© 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2

This course focusses on

the study of:

•Human movement, growth,

and development

•Effects of physical activity

on health and performance

•Physiological, psychological,

and social factors affecting

participation in physical

activity and sport

COURSE TEXTBOOK

KINESIOLOGY

AN INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE SCIENCE


Unit 1

Society, Physical

Activity, and Sport

2. The History of Physical Activity

and Sport

3. Business, Physical Activity, and

Sport

4. Ethical Issues, Physical Activity,

and Sport

Unit 2

Anatomy and Physiology

5. The Skeletal & Articular Systems

6. The Muscular System

7. Energy Systems & Physical

Activity

8. The Cardiovascular & Respiratory

Systems


Unit 3

Human Performance

and Biomechanics

9. Human Growth and Development

10.Motor Learning & Skill

Acquisition

11.Biomechanical Theory and

Concepts

12.Seven Principles of Biomechanics

13.Analyzing the Efficiency of

Human Movement

Unit 4

Nutrition, Training, and

Ergogenic Aids

14.Nutrition for Human Performance

15.Training and Human Performance

16.Ergogenic Substances and

Techniques


University of Windsor

Honours Bachelor of Human

Kinetics

Admission Requirements:

• Minimum grade of 70% in

Grade 12U Biology

• Minimum grade of 70% in

Grade 12U English

• Minimum average of approx.

78% in top six Grade 12 U

courses

Specialize in one of two honours

Majors: Movement Science and

Sport Management

Ist Year HK Principles of Mental

Skill Training Ethics in sport and

Physical Activity Fundamental

Mechanics of Human Motion

Functional Anatomy One non-Kinesiology

option

http://www.golancers.ca/

http://www.golancers.ca/

HK Book Award Criteria

· Student must be in their graduating year

· Student must be an excellent scholar

· Student must be involved in co-curricular activities

· Student must demonstrate leadership, administrative

and/or organizational ability in school activities.

2010-Candice Chevalier

2011-Steph Bonneau

2012-Jessika Veigli

2013-Alicia Zanier

2014-George Koumisidis

2015-Colin Lauzon

Chapter #1

Physical Activity and

Sport Today

What Is Kinesiology?


~ ~ ~

Kinesiology is the

systematic study of

the physiological,

psychological, and

sociological aspects

of human movement

and how it can be

optimized.

•The study of human

movement

pg24

Bioscientific Areas Covered in Kinesiology

• Anatomy and Physiology

• The Skeletal and

Articular Systems

• The Muscular System

• Human Energy Systems

• The Cardiovascular and

Respiratory Systems

• Human Growth and

Development

• Biomechanics

• Nutritional Science


pg24

Sociocultural Areas Covered in Kinesiology


Kinesiology covers the impact of the following

sociocultural factors on the study of sport and

human movement:

•History

•Politics

•Economics

•Race and ethnicity

•Gender

•Sport ethics

Kinesiology also covers the reverse—that is,

the impact of sport and human movement on

sociocultural factors.

pg24

Other Names for Kinesiology


The field of study, research, and professional

practice known as “Kinesiology” is

sometimes referred to by related names,

such as:

•Exercise Science

•Physical Education

•Sport Science (or Sport Studies)

•Human Kinetics

pg24

The Discipline of Kinesiology


pg25

Sample Academic and Career Pathways


pg26

Occupations in Kinesiology


pg28

Occupations in Physical Education


pg28

Occupations in Recreation & Leisure


pg29

Occupations in Health Education


pg29

A Sound Mind in A Healthy Body

• Mens sana in corpore sano. “A sound mind in a healthy body”.

• A person is only healthy when he is occupied both intellectually and

physically.

• Originated from a Roman poet

• Latin

• The sentence was first used with this meaning in 1861 by the

Englishman John Hulley, as a motto for his Liverpool Athletic Club.

This motto fitted the elitist nineteenth-century vision on sport that

came about in England. At English boarding schools wealthy boys

received not only an intellectual education, but also a thorough

physical training, based on the ideal of a complete education.

pg4

Mental Benefits of Regular Physical

Activity & Healthy Eating

• Reduced stress and

depression

• Improved self-image

• Improved concentration,

attention span, and mood

• Improved memory

• Increased productivity

• Slowed-down brain aging

Composite brain images of 20 students taking the same test after sitting quietly (top) and after a 20-minute walk. (Courtesy of Dr. Charles Hillman, University of Illinois.)


Page 4

The Physical Inactivity Crisis—Males


The Physical Inactivity Crisis—Females


The Health-Care Costs of Inactivity


Throughout the

world, the numbers

of persons who

are obese or

overweight have

escalated steadily

in most countries in

recent years.

World Health Trends


Health Risks of

Physical Inactivity &

Obesity


Inactivity and obesity are primary determinants

of lifestyle diseases such as:

•Coronary artery disease

•Ischemic strokes

•Type 2 diabetes

•Some cancers

•Osteoporosis

•Kidney disease

•Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

•Chronic liver disease

•Depression

Physical Inactivity and Obesity Crises


8

Causes for the twin problems of

inactivity and obesity include:

•Urbanization

•Motorized transport

•Mechanization of labour

•Sedentarism (TV watching, Internet, video

games)

•Processed foods high in sugars and

starches

•Increased portion sizes

Environmental Barriers

Built environments play a major role in levels

of physical activity:

•Built environments are human-made settings for

human activity.

•Consist of buildings, neighbourhoods, cities,

infrastructure, and parks or green space

•Sometimes discourage active transportation

(walking, biking, rollerblading)

•Sometimes encourage passive transportation via

cars and public transit


Pg.12

Overcoming Environmental Barriers


Suggestions:

•Establish “Active and Safe Routes to School”

community programs.

•Pressure governments to increase funding for

parks, playgrounds, safe pedestrian walkways,

bike paths, street lighting, etc.

•Take stairs rather than elevators or escalators.

•Engage in “mobile meetings” and walk or bike

rather than drive or take the bus.

Socioeconomic Barriers


~~~

Socioeconomic barriers are those associated

with the social standing of an individual or

group, typically measured as a combination of

income, education, and occupation.

For example:

•One in five Canadian families cannot afford to enroll

their children in recreation programs.

•These families need subsidies for registration,

equipment, and transportation costs.

Pg.13

Psychological Barriers


~~~

Psychological barriers are obstacles that are

real and serious but could be thought of as

being largely, or at least partially, “in the

mind” or in the attitude of the individual.

These barriers might include:

•Fear of pain and physical exertion

•Self-consciousness about appearance

•A perception that physical exercise is boring

Pg.15

Overcoming Psychological Barriers

Suggestions:

•Find a form of physical

activity that is fun.

•Stop a particular

exercise if it hurts.

•Work out in a less

competitive

environment.

•Seek out a support

system.

•Choose social activities

that don’t involve sitting.

•Reward yourself in

healthy ways.


Cultural Barriers


~~~

Multiculturalism is a celebration of diverse ethnic,

religious, and cultural backgrounds. It was adopted as

official government policy during the 1970s and 1980s. By

the early

twenty-first century, newcomers from outside British and

French heritage composed the majority of the Canadian

population.

New Canadians tend to face barriers to sport and physical

activity despite Canada’s policy of multiculturalism.

•Canadian Sport Policy aims to increase access to sport for new

immigrants.

•More needs to be done to reduce language barriers and the

isolation that many newcomers experience.

Pg.14

Overcoming Cultural Barriers


Suggestions:

•The Sport Information Resource Centre and Sport Canada are

concerned about cultural barriers to physical activity.

•Lack of government policies with respect to multiculturalism and

sport must be addressed.

•Government and support agencies must find ways to provide

information about sport and recreation opportunities to

newcomers.

Personal Barriers


~~~

Personal barriers are obstacles that are definitely real and

serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least

partially, under the control of the individual (finding time to

exercise, lack of confidence, lack of motivation, and so on).

These barriers might include:

•Lack of time

•Lack of energy

•Poor diet

•No access to gym or gym equipment

•Financial constraints

Pg.15

Overcoming Personal Barriers


Suggestions:

•Take stairs; walk, jog, bike, rollerblade, skateboard to

school or work.

•Reduce TV watching and screen time.

•Work out during TV commercials.

•Start at 10 min of exercise per day and build from there.

•Use your own body; there is no need for fancy gym

equipment.

•Switch from junk food to healthy foods.

Reduce Lifestyle Diseases By

Changing Diet, Environment, & Activity

Level


Lifestyle Diseases


~ ~ ~

Lifestyle diseases (“acquired diseases”) are illnesses that

are largely preventable and that appear to increase in

frequency as countries become more industrialized.

They can include some kinds of cancer, chronic liver

disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2

diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, osteoporosis,

stroke, and depression.

Probable Causes:

•Poor diet

•Harmful lifestyle habits

•Sedentarism

Pg.16

What Is Physical Literacy?


Physical literacy is a powerful educational

movement pioneered by British educator

Margaret Whitehead.

•Individuals who are physically literate move with

competence and confidence in a wide variety of

physical environments.

•Physical literacy benefits the development of the

whole person.

•Movement competence

•provides a pathway to active,

healthy living.

Pg.18

Champions of Physical Literacy

Canadian champions of

physical literacy include:

•Physical and Health

Education Canada (PHE

Canada)

•Ontario Physical and Health

Education Association

(Ophea)

•Canadian Sport for Life

(CS4L)

•Canadian Society for

Exercise Physiology (CSEP)

•ParticipACTION

•Ever Active Schools


Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L)

Long-Term Athlete

Development (LTAD)

Canadian Sport for

Life has

conceptualized a

cradle-to-grave life

cycle of physical

activity and sport—

the LTAD model.


The LTAD Model


The Long-Term Athlete Development

(LTAD) model

•Emphasizes physical literacy across the

lifespan

•Provides a seven-stage training,

competition, and recovery pathway

•Takes into account the different

developmental stages we undergo as

children, adolescents, and adults

The Seven Stages of the LTAD Model


There are seven stages to the Long-Term Athlete

Development model. These are:

•Stage 1: Active Start (0-6 years)

•Stage 2: FUNdamentals (girls 6-8, boys 6-9)

•Stage 3: Learn to Train (girls 8-11, boys 9-12)

•Stage 4: Train to Train (girls 11-15, boys 12-16)

•Stage 5: Train to Compete (girls 15-21, boys 16-23)

•Stage 6: Train to Win (girls 18+, boys 19+)

•Stage 7: Active for Life (any age participant)

Physical Benefits of Regular Physical


• Maintenance of a healthy body weight

• Prevention of lifestyle diseases

• Improved fitness for healthy, strong muscles

and bones


Social Benefits of Regular Physical


• Reduced behavioural problems in

school

• Enhanced academic performance

• Increased self-confidence and self-

acceptance

• Opportunities to make friends

• Greater overall community health

and cohesiveness

• Higher levels of social capital


Social Benefits of Community &

School Sport and Physical Activity

Programs

•Reduced use of drugs and

alcohol

•Development of improved social

skills and employability skills

•Support for at-risk youth and

new immigrants

•Greater inclusiveness and

accessibility to sport and

physical activity for everyone


PSK 4U - Nipissing University

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