PS 101

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PS 101PS 101Kim CohnEmail [email protected]

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22ndnd Grade Standards Grade Standards

The motion of objects can be observed and measured. As a basis for understanding this concept:

Students know the position of an object can be described by locating it in relation to another object or to the background.

Students know an object's motion can be described by recording the change in position of the object over time.

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22ndnd Grade Standards Grade Standards

Students know the way to change how something is moving is by giving it a push or a pull. The size of the change is related to the strength, or the amount of force, of the push or pull.

Students know tools and machines are used to apply pushes and pulls (forces) to make things move.

Students know objects fall to the ground unless something holds them up.

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22ndnd Grade Standards Grade Standards

Students know magnets can be used to make some objects move without being touched.

Students know sound is made by vibrating objects and can be described by its pitch and volume.

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Big Ideas in ChemistryBig Ideas in Chemistry

What are the big ideas in chemistry?Everything is made up of stuff which we

call matter or chemicals.All matter is made up of just 112 different

types called elements.All matter is made up of small particles

called atoms.

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QuestionQuestion

1) Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?

A) gamma raysB) beta raysC) alpha raysD) all of theseE) none of these

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QuestionQuestion

2) A quark isA) an elementary particle.B) a building block of leptons.C) a building block of nucleons.D) all of these.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

3) Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

A) photons.B) neutrinos.C) protons.D) neutrons.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

4) The half-life of a radioactive substance is independent of

A) whether the substance exists in an elementary state or in a compound.

B) the temperature of the substance.C) the age of the substance.D) the number (if large enough) of atoms in

the substance.E) all of these.

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QuestionQuestion

5) The half-life of an isotope is one day. At the end of two days the amount that remains is

A) one-eighth.B) one-half.C) one-quarter.D) none.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

6) Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere principally by

A) cosmic ray bombardment.B) photosynthesis.C) nitrogen bombardment.D) plants and animals.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

7) Radioactivity in the world is somethingA) relatively new.B) as old as the world itself.

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QuestionQuestion

8) The helium in a child's balloon is composed of

A) former beta particles.B) alpha-particle remnants of previous

radioactive processes.C) both of these.D) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

9) When the hydrogen isotope tritium-3 emits a beta particle, it becomes an isotope of

A) lithium.B) hydrogen.C) helium.D) carbon.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

10) It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle.

A) TrueB) False

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QuestionQuestion

11) In nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions, the amount of mass converted to energy is about

A) 20%.B) less than 1%.C) more than 30%.D) 10%.E) 30%.

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QuestionQuestion

12) The function of graphite in the first atomic reactor was to

A) absorb fast neutrons.B) moderate uranium isotopes.C) emit fast neutrons.D) slow fast neutrons.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

13) The nucleus with the greatest mass isA) hydrogen.B) uranium.C) lead.D) iron.E) plutonium.

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QuestionQuestion

14) Between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, radioactive by-products are more characteristic of nuclear

A) fission.B) fusion.C) both of these.D) neither of these.

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QuestionQuestion

15) Detonation of a fission-type atomic bomb is started by

A) splitting a small piece of uranium.B) igniting a small thermonuclear bomb.C) turning on a laser cross fire.D) pressing together several small pieces of

uranium.E) none of these.

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QuestionQuestion

16) The most abundant element in the universe is

A) lead.

B) helium.

C) americanium.

D) hydrogen.

E) uranium.

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QuestionQuestion

17) Chemistry is the study of theA) microscopic.B) macroscopic.C) submicroscopic.D) All three of these with an emphasis on

the submicroscopic.

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QuestionQuestion18) A solid is not considered fluid becauseA) of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or

molecules.B) its atoms or molecules are under too much

pressure.C) its atoms or molecules are bound as close

together as possible.D) of the heavy nature of its atoms or molecules.

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QuestionQuestion19) The molecules of a gas at room

temperature move at aboutA) 10 km/h.B) 1 km/h.C) 1500 km/h.D) 150 km/h.

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QuestionQuestion20) During a chemical reactionA) old atoms disappear to be replaced by new

ones.B) old atoms transform into new ones.C) old atoms stick around merely switching

partners.D) none of the above.

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QuestionQuestion21) Growth in a living body is best considered an

example of aA) chemical change because of the irreversibility.B) physical change because it eventually comes to a

halt with the same person in tact.C) physical change because of changing physical

attributes.D) chemical change because chemical reactions are

involved.E) Two of the above are correct.

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QuestionQuestion22) One element is distinguished from another

by the number ofA) neutrons.B) protons.C) electrons.D) all of the above.E) Two of the above are correct.

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QuestionQuestion23) What is the difference between an element

and a chemical compound?A) An element consists of only one type of

atom.B) Only elements are normally found in nature.C) Only chemical compounds are normally

found in nature.D) A chemical compound is always more

massive than an element.

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QuestionQuestion24) When two different elements combine to form a

compound, the resulting properties of the compound areA) most like the element given in the greatest amount.B) about the average of the properties of the two

elements.C) predictable based upon the nature of the combining

elements.D) not necessarily anything like those of the elements.

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QuestionQuestion25) The proper name for the chemical

compound N2O isA) nitrogen oxide.B) nitrogen nitrate.C) dinitrogen oxide.D) nitrogen dioxide.

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QuestionQuestion26) Clean dry air is an example of a A) suspension.B) heterogeneous mixture.C) homogeneous mixture.D) solution.E) two of the above are correct.

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QuestionQuestion27) An infant gains 10 pounds. Why would

you consider this to be an example of a chemical change?

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Answers to QuestionsAnswers to Questions

1 A 9 A 17 D 25 C

2 D 10 A 18 A 26 E

3 D 11 B 19 C

4 E 12 A 20 C

5 C 13 E 21 E

6 A 14 A 22 B

7 B 15 D 23 A

8 C 16 D 24 D