PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR KELOMPOK Periode LXIV, …repository.unika.ac.id/2376/1/09.11.0071 Maria Carizza Pandora... · Nya dari awal hingga akhir penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN

Tema Desain

ARSITEKTUR KONTEMPORER

Fokus Kajian

KENYAMANAN TERMAL PADA BANGUNAN OLAHRAGA

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Maria Carizza Pandora Raharjo 09.11.0071

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

November 2013

KELOMPOK

C

..............

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kepada Bapa di Surga dan dengan karunia-Nya dan perlindungan-

Nya dari awal hingga akhir penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur ini sehingga dapat berjalan lancer tanpa kurang suatu apa. Landasan

Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 64 semester ganjil 2013/2014

dengan judul “GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN" ini disusun untuk

memenuhi salah satu persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur,

Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik

Soegijapranata, Semarang.

Penyusun telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menyempurnakan materi

Landasan Teori dan Program ini, tetapi penyusun juga menyadari keterbatasan

sehingga terdapat kesalahan yang tidak disengaja dalam penyusunan materi dan

penyajiannya.

Selain itu, tanpa bantuan pihak-pihak terkait , materi Landasan Teori dan

Program Arsitektur ini tidak dapat diselesaikan. Karena itu , penyusun ingin

menyampaikan penghargaan dan rasa terima kasih kepada yang tercinta :

1. Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani selaku Dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan sabar

membimbing dan mengarahkan dari konsep awal, revisi, hingga hasil akhir

proses penyusunan LTP ini.

2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur

periode 64.

3. Tim Dosen Review yang memberikan masukan penting bagi kesempurnaan

Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

vi

4. Alm. Petrus Yizreel Ariobimo Pandhu Raharjo yang memberikan semangat

dan motivasi dari surga yang terus akan selalu ada di hati dengan segala

kenangan indah dan telah menjadi adik yang terbaik di dunia.

5. Keluarga besar Juwono yang menjadi motivasi untuk terus berjuang dalam

proses penyusunan LTP ini.

6. Fandi Krismawan yang telah membantu memberi masukan mengenai konsep

dan pola pemikiran penyusunan LTP ini.

7. Maria Rosario Putri yang selalu mendampingi di saat senang dan susah

selama menjadi mahasiswi di Unika Soegijapranata.

8. Viviana Esthi yang sellau menemani dan memberikan masukan secara

dewasa selama menjadi mahasiswi di Unika Soegijapranata.

9. Ayu Catherine Kurniasari yang selalu memberikan motivasi untuk disiplin dan

teman setia selama proses PAA 64.

10. Rachmadanti yang selalu memberikan ajaran dan masukan selama proses

PAA 64.

11. Vicky Widia teman sekaligus adik yang sudah membantu dan menemani di

kala suntuk dan tidak bersemangat.

12. Teman - teman Kontrakan 2008 dan teman - teman Arsitektur 2009 yang

telah memberikan kenangan dan kebahagiaan selama proses menjadi

mahasiswi Arsitektur Unika Soegijapranata Semarang.

13. Rekan - rekan seperjuangan satu studio PAA 64 yang telah memberikan

dukungan dan semangat.

14. Pihak-pihak lain yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang telah

membantu dalam menyelesaikan laporan ini.

vii

Akhir kata dengan segala kerendahan hati, mengingat keterbatasan

kemampuan penulis dalam menyusun laporan ini, maka LTP - PAA ini masih banyak

kekurangan. Saran dan kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak akan sangat

membantu penyempurnaan pada masa mendatang.

Semarang, November 2013

Hormat saya,

Maria Carizza Pandora Raharjo

viii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ ii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ v

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ............................................................................................. xvii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xviii

I. PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. 1

1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek .................................................................................. 1

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Proyek ........................................................................... 3

1.2.1. Tujuan ................................................................................................... 3

1.2.2. Sasaran ................................................................................................ 4

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................................... 4

1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................................... 5

1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 5

1.4.1.1. Data Primer ............................................................................ 5

1.4.1.2. Data Sekunder ....................................................................... 5

1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis ......................................................... 6

1.4.3. Metoda Pemrograman .......................................................................... 6

1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 6

ix

II. TINJAUAN PROYEK ........................................................................................ 8

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................................. 8

2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................................ 8

2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ......................................... 13

Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 14

Perkembangan .................................................................................. 21

Tren ................................................................................................... 22

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ......................................................................................... 24

2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................ 24

2.2.2. Batasan Bidang yang Akan Diwadahi ................................................ 25

Olahraga ........................................................................................... 26

Seni ................................................................................................... 28

2.2.3. Kegiatan ............................................................................................. 29

Pendekatan Pelaku ........................................................................... 29

Struktur Organisasi di Gelanggang Remaja ....................................... 31

Fasilitas ............................................................................................. 32

2.2.4. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .................................................. 38

Arsitektur ........................................................................................... 38

Bangunan .......................................................................................... 39

Lingkungan ........................................................................................ 40

2.2.5. Deskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota ............................................................. 40

1. Geografi ........................................................................................ 40

2. Topografi ....................................................................................... 41

3. Pembagian Administratif Kota Tangerang Selatan ........................ 42

x

2.2.6. Studi Banding / Komparasi Proyek Sejenis ........................................ 44

2.2.7. Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 47

1. Arsitektur ....................................................................................... 47

2. Bangunan ...................................................................................... 48

3. Lingkungan .................................................................................... 48

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan .......................................................... 48

2.3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 48

2.3.2. Batasan .............................................................................................. 49

2.3.3. Anggapan .......................................................................................... 50

III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................. 51

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .................................................................... 51

3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................... 51

a. Pengelompokan Kegiatan ............................................................ 51

b. Studi Pendekatan Pengunjung ...................................................... 53

c. Pelaku – Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan ............................................... 54

d. Jadwal Kegiatan ........................................................................... 60

3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas (Kebutuhan – Pola – Besaran - Indoor/Outdoor) ......... 63

a. Alur Ruang Keseluruhan .............................................................. 63

b. Alur Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................................... 64

c. Besaran Ruang ............................................................................... 67

d. Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................................... 90

e. Studi Citra Arsitekrural ................................................................. 93

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...................................................... 94

xi

3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure .................................................... 94

3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ......................................................................... 104

3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi .......................................................... 112

3.3. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ..................................................................... 114

3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 114

Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 114

Analisa Perkotaan Kota Tangerang Selatan ................................... 115

Dampak Positif dan Negatif Proyek ................................................. 120

Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi Proyek .................................................... 121

Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi dengan Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ............. 125

3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................. 126

Dasar Pertimbangan Pemilihan Tapak ............................................ 126

Observasi Lokasi Tapak .................................................................. 126

Foto – Foto Tapak ........................................................................... 128

Aksebilitas/Pencapaian Lokasi Tapak ............................................. 129

Sarana dan Prasarana Lokasi Tapak .............................................. 130

Potensi dan Problematika Tapak .................................................... 131

Analisa Distrik Jalan Tapak ............................................................. 132

Data dan Analisis Tapak Terpilih ...................................................... 135

IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................................... 136

4.1. Konsep Program ....................................................................................... 136

4.1.1. Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................. 136

4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ................................................................................... 136

xii

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi .............................................................................. 136

4.1.4. Aspek Lingkungan ........................................................................... 137

4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan

Perancangan ............................................................................................. 137

4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................ 137

4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan .......................................................... 138

Pelaku ............................................................................................. 138

Fasilitas ........................................................................................... 139

4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................... 145

Arsitektur ......................................................................................... 145

Bangunan ........................................................................................ 146

Lingkungan ...................................................................................... 147

4.3. Program Arsitektur .................................................................................... 147

4.3.1. Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 147

Program Ruang ............................................................................... 147

Program Besaran Ruang ................................................................. 153

Pola Ruang Outdoor Indoor ............................................................ 159

4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................. 163

4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas .................................................................... 170

4.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ....................................................................... 179

Ruang Terbuka Hijau ...................................................................... 179

Perbaikan Iklim Mikro Setempat ...................................................... 179

Perbaikan Tapak ............................................................................. 179

Material Perkerasan Tanah .............................................................. 180

xiii

V. KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................ 181

5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ................................................................ 181

5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain ..................... 181

5.1.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................ 184

5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................. 187

Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 188

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................................ 189

5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..... 189

Suhu Udara ..................................................................................... 191

Kecepatan Angin ............................................................................. 194

Kelembaban Udara ......................................................................... 196

Rata – Rata Suhu Permukaan Ruang ............................................. 198

Aktivitas Manusia ............................................................................ 198

Pakaian ........................................................................................... 200

5.2.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................ 201

5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................ 203

Orientasi Bangunan ......................................................................... 204

Elemen Arsitektur ............................................................................ 208

Elemen Lansekap ............................................................................ 210

Material / Bahan Bangunan ............................................................. 213

Batasan .............................................................................................. 217

Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 218

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. xxvi

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... xxx

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.01 Fase Rentang Waktu Usia Remaja . ...................................................... 9

Tabel 2.02 Gelanggang Remaja di Pulau Jawa . .................................................... 15

Tabel 2.03 Jumlah Penduduk Kota Tangerang Selatan 2013 . ............................... 18

Tabel 2.04 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan 2013 . ........................................... 19

Tabel 2.05 Komunitas di Tangerang Selatan . ........................................................ 20

Tabel 2.06 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2010 . ................................. 23

Tabel 2.07 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013 . ................................. 23

Tabel 2.08 Standar Ukuran Lapangan Basket . ...................................................... 26

Tabel 2.09 Standar Ukuran Lapangan Badminton . ................................................ 27

Tabel 2.10 Jenis Pelaku . ........................................................................................ 29

Tabel 2.11 Studi Fasilitas . ...................................................................................... 32

Tabel 2.12 Fasilitas Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan . ............................................. 45

Tabel 2.13 Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro . ................................ 46

Tabel 3.01 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2010 . ................................ 53

Tabel 3.02 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013 . ................................ 53

Tabel 3.03 Jadwal – Pelaku – Sifat Kegiatan . ....................................................... 54

Tabel 3.04 Jadwal Kegiatan . ................................................................................. 60

Tabel 3.05 Jadwal Kegiatan Spontarious Park . ...................................................... 61

Tabel 3.06 Jadwal Kegiatan di Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool . ................................. 62

Tabel 3.07 Tabel Besaran Ruang . ......................................................................... 67

Tabel 3.08 Studi Sistem Struktur . ........................................................................... 96

Tabel 3.09 Studi Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................... 104

Tabel 3.10 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi . .......................................................... 112

xv

Tabel 3.11 Dampak Positif dan Negatif . .............................................................. 120

Tabel 3.12 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi . .................................................................. 125

Tabel 3.13 Potensi dan Problematika Tampak . ................................................... 131

Tabel 4.01 Pembagian Pelaku . ............................................................................ 138

Tabel 4.02 Studi Fasilitas . .................................................................................... 139

Tabel 4.03 Program Ruang . ................................................................................. 147

Tabel 4.04 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang . .................................................................... 153

Tabel 4.05 Analisa Kebutuhan Parkir . .................................................................. 155

Tabel 4.06 Analisa Kebutuhan Parkir ................................................................... 156

Tabel 4.07 Analisa Kebutuhan Lahan . ................................................................. 158

Tabel 4.08 Program Sistem Struktur . ................................................................... 163

Tabel 4.09 Program Sistem Utilitas . ..................................................................... 170

Tabel 5.01 Judul Tema Desain . ........................................................................... 181

Tabel 5.02 Perbandingan Ciri Tema Desain dengan Aplikasi Pada Bangunan . ... 183

Tabel 5.03 Penerapan Teori Tema Desain . ......................................................... 187

Tabel 5.04 Judul Permasalahan Dominan . .......................................................... 189

Tabel 5.05 Pendapat Para Ahli . ........................................................................... 190

Tabel 5.06 Suhu Nyaman Menurut Standar Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis. ..... 193

Tabel 5.07 Bahan Atap dan Kenaikan Suhu . ....................................................... 198

Tabel 5.08 Aktivitas dan Kecepatan Metabolisme . ............................................... 199

Tabel 5.09 Pakaian dan Clothing Value . .............................................................. 200

Tabel 5.10 Shadding Coefficient . ......................................................................... 209

Tabel 5.11 Elemen Pelindung dan Shadding Coefficient . .................................... 210

xvi

Tabel 5.12 Shadding Coefficient dan Berbagai Jenis Material Kaca . ................... 213

Tabel 5.13 Radiasi Matahari dan Serapan Kalor . ................................................. 214

Tabel 5.14 Radiasi Matahari dan Warna Material . ............................................... 214

xvii

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 2.01 Skema Dinamika Kehidupan Remaja . ............................................. 13

Diagram 2.02 Skema Kebutuhan Provinsi Banten akan Gelanggang Remaja . ...... 17

Diagram 2.03 Struktur Organisasi . ......................................................................... 31

Diagram 3.01 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan . ..................................... 58

Diagram 3.02 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan. ...................................... 59

Diagram 3.03 Pola Alur Ruang Keseluruhan . ......................................................... 63

Diagram 3.04 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Olahraga . ....................................................... 64

Diagram 3.05 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung . .................................................... 65

Diagram 3.06 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Seni . ............................................................... 65

Diagram 3.07 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola . ...................................................... 66

Diagram 3.08 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Servis . ............................................................ 66

Diagram 3.09 Visi dan Misi Kota Tangerang Selatan . .......................................... 120

Diagram 4.01 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan. .................................... 151

Diagram 4.02 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan . ................................... 152

Diagram 4.03 Pola Alur Ruang Keseluruhan . ....................................................... 159

Diagram 4.04 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Olahraga . ..................................................... 160

Diagram 4.05 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung . .................................................. 161

Diagram 4.06 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Seni ............................................................... 161

Diagram 4.07 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola . ................................................... 162

Diagram 4.08 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Servis . .......................................................... 162

Diagram 4.09 Skema Pemadaman Kebakaran ..................................................... 177

xviii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.01 Perilaku Remaja . ................................................................................ 8

Gambar 2.02 Fase Rentang Waktu Usia Remaja ..................................................... 8

Gambar 2.03 Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Hiburan. .......................................................... 11

Gambar 2.04 Sub. Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Olahraga ............................................... 11

Gambar 2.05 Sub. Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Seni ....................................................... 12

Gambar 2.06 Zona Pengembangan Kota ................................................................ 18

Gambar 2.07 Peta Kota Tangerang Selatan ........................................................... 18

Gambar 2.08 Pembagian Jenis Seni di Indonesia .................................................. 28

Gambar 2.09 Peta Pembagian Administratif Kota Tangerang Selatan .................... 43

Gambar 2.10 Peta Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan ................................................. 44

Gambar 2.11 Fasilitas Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan ........................................... 44

Gambar 2.12 Peta Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro ...................... 46

Gambar 2.13 Pasar Festival Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro ....... 46

Gambar 3.01 Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool ............................................................... 90

Gambar 3.02 Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool dengan Sistem Hidrolik ........................ 90

Gambar 3.03 Pompa Hidrolik .................................................................................. 91

Gambar 3.04 Dongkrak ........................................................................................... 92

Gambar 3.05 Panggung dengan Pompa Hidrolik .................................................... 92

Gambar 3.06 Panggung dengan Dongkrak .............................................................. 92

Gambar 3.07 Denah Teater/Cinema Room .............................................................. 92

Gambar 3.08 Hukum Pascal Penerapan Pompa Hidrolik ........................................ 92

Gambar 3.09 Dinding Putar ..................................................................................... 93

Gambar 3.10 Mekanis Dinding Putar ...................................................................... 93

xix

Gambar 3.11 Pondasi Sumuran ............................................................................. 96

Gambar 3.12 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................................... 96

Gambar 3.13 beton pracetak .................................................................................... 96

Gambar 3.14 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 97

Gambar 3.15 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 97

Gambar 3.16 Partisi ................................................................................................ 97

Gambar 3.17 Alumunium Composite Panel ............................................................ 97

Gambar 3.18 Aquapanel ......................................................................................... 98

Gambar 3.19 GFRC ................................................................................................ 98

Gambar 3.20 Kaca Tempered ................................................................................. 98

Gambar 3.21 Kaca Laminated ................................................................................ 98

Gambar 3.22 Kaca Rayban ..................................................................................... 99

Gambar 3.23 Double Glass ...................................................................................... 99

Gambar 3.24 Kaca Bevel ........................................................................................ 99

Gambar 3.25 Plafond Gypsum ................................................................................ 99

Gambar 3.26 Plafond Akustik ................................................................................ 100

Gambar 3.27 Plafond Fiber ................................................................................... 100

Gambar 3.28 Plafond Bahan PVC ......................................................................... 100

Gambar 3.29 Lantai Vinyl ...................................................................................... 100

Gambar 3.30 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................ 101

Gambar 3.31 Lantai Granit .................................................................................... 101

Gambar 3.32 Lantai Beton Pracetak ..................................................................... 101

Gambar 3.33 Struktur Cangkang .......................................................................... 101

Gambar 3.34 Struktur Membran ............................................................................ 102

Gambar 3.35 Struktur Space Frame ...................................................................... 102

xx

Gambar 3.36 Struktur Folded Plate ........................................................................ 102

Gambar 3.37 Struktur Kabel ................................................................................... 103

Gambar 3.38 Struktur Space Truss ....................................................................... 103

Gambar 3.39 General/Lighting .............................................................................. 104

Gambar 3.40 Task Lighting ................................................................................... 104

Gambar 3.41 Accent Lighting ................................................................................ 104

Gambar 3.42 Lampu Taman ................................................................................. 104

Gambar 3.43 Lampu Kolam Renang ..................................................................... 105

Gambar 3.44 AC Floor Standing ........................................................................... 105

Gambar 3.45 Cross Ventilation ............................................................................. 106

Gambar 3.46 Genset ............................................................................................. 106

Gambar 3.47 Panel Surya ...................................................................................... 106

Gambar 3.48 Skema Air Bersih ............................................................................. 107

Gambar 3.49 Rain Harvesting ............................................................................... 107

Gambar 3.50 Water Healing .................................................................................. 107

Gambar 3.51 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................. 108

Gambar 3.52 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................. 108

Gambar 3.53 Bio Septic ........................................................................................ 108

Gambar 3.54 Pengolahan Sampah ....................................................................... 109

Gambar 3.55 Smoke Detector ............................................................................... 109

Gambar 3.56 Spinkler ........................................................................................... 109

Gambar 3.57Hidran ............................................................................................... 109

Gambar 3.58 APAR ............................................................................................... 110

Gambar 3.59 Tangga Darurat ............................................................................... 110

Gambar 3.60 CCTV ............................................................................................... 110

xxi

Gambar 3.61 Access System ................................................................................ 110

Gambar 3.62 Alarm ............................................................................................... 111

Gambar 3.63 Lift ................................................................................................... 111

Gambar 3.64 Ramp ............................................................................................... 111

Gambar 3.65 Tangga ............................................................................................ 111

Gambar 3.66 Sistem Hydramatic dengan Menggunakan Hidrolik ......................... 112

Gambar 3.67Kolam Renang dengan Sistem Hydramatic ...................................... 112

Gambar 3.68 Sistem Panggung Hidrolik ............................................................... 113

Gambar 3.69 Truck Hydraulic Stages Mobile ........................................................ 113

Gambar 3.70 Water Filter ...................................................................................... 113

Gambar 3.71 Sand Filter ....................................................................................... 113

Gambar 3.72 Pompa Kolam Renang .................................................................... 114

Gambar 3.73 Peta Lokasi ...................................................................................... 115

Gambar 3.74 Zona Pengembangan Kota .............................................................. 119

Gambar 3.75 Peta Kota Tangerang Selatan ......................................................... 119

Gambar 3.76 Peta Edukasi Kecamatan Ciputat .................................................... 122

Gambar 3.77 Batas Batas Kecamatan Ciputat ...................................................... 122

Gambar 3.78 Peta RT/RW Kota Tangerang Selatan ............................................. 123

Gambar 3.79 Peta Edukasi Kecamatan Sepong ................................................... 124

Gambar 3.80 Batas Batas Kecamatan Serpong ................................................... 124

Gambar 3.81 Site Terpilih ..................................................................................... 127

Gambar 3.82 Batas Utara dekat dengan Swalayan Giant .................................... 128

Gambar 3.83 Batas Selatan Lahan Kosong dan Perumahan Kepadatan Sedang 128

Gambar 3.84 Site merupakan Lahan Kosong ....................................................... 128

Gambar 3.85 Persimpangan Jalan ........................................................................ 128

xxii

Gambar 3.86 Ruko di Jalan Bolesna Boulevard .................................................... 128

Gambar 3.87 Saluran Drainase Kota .................................................................... 128

Gambar 3.88 Menuju ke Perumahan Kepadatan Sedang ..................................... 129

Gambar 3.89 Kondisi Site ..................................................................................... 129

Gambar 3.90 Land Use Lingkungan Tapak ........................................................... 132

Gambar 3.91 Kondisi Topografi dan Drainase Kota .............................................. 133

Gambar 3.92 Aksebiltas Menuju Tapak ................................................................ 134

Gambar 3.93 Potongan Segmen Jalan ................................................................. 134

Gambar 3.94 Data Tapak ...................................................................................... 135

Gambar 4.01 Pondasi Tiang Pancang .................................................................... 163

Gambar 4.02 Beton Pracetak .................................................................................. 163

Gambar 4.03 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 164

Gambar 4.04 Curtain Wall ....................................................................................... 164

Gambar 4.05 Partisi ................................................................................................ 165

Gambar 4.06 Aluminium Composite Panel ............................................................. 165

Gambar 4.07 Aquapanel ......................................................................................... 165

Gambar 4.08 GFRC ................................................................................................ 165

Gambar 4.09 Kaca Tempered ................................................................................. 166

Gambar 4.10 Kaca Laminated ................................................................................ 166

Gambar 4.11 Kaca Rayban ..................................................................................... 166

Gambar 4.12 Double Glass ..................................................................................... 166

Gambar 4.13 Kaca Bevel ........................................................................................ 167

Gambar 4.14 PIafon Gypsum .................................................................................. 167

Gambar 4.15 Plafon Akustik .................................................................................... 167

xxiii

Gambar 4.16 PIafon Fiber ....................................................................................... 167

Gambar 4.17 Plafon Bahan PVC ............................................................................ 168

Gambar 4.18 Lantai Vinyl ........................................................................................ 168

Gambar 4.19 Lantai Keramik .................................................................................. 168

Gambar 4.20 Lantai Granit ...................................................................................... 168

Gambar 4.21 Lantai Beton Pracetak ....................................................................... 169

Gambar 4.22 Struktur Space Frame ....................................................................... 169

Gambar 4.23 Struktur Space Truss ......................................................................... 169

Gambar 4.24 General Lighting ................................................................................ 170

Gambar 4.25 Tasks Lighting ................................................................................... 170

Gambar 4.26 Accent Lighting .................................................................................. 171

Gambar 4.27 Lampu Taman ................................................................................... 171

Gambar 4.28 AC Floor Standing ............................................................................. 171

Gambar 4.29 Cross Ventilation ............................................................................... 172

Gambar 4.30 Genset ............................................................................................... 172

Gambar 4.31 Panel Surya ....................................................................................... 172

Gambar 4.32 Skema Air Bersih ............................................................................... 173

Gambar 4.33 Rain Harvesting ................................................................................. 173

Gambar 4.34 Water Healing .................................................................................... 174

Gambar 4.35 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................... 175

Gambar 4.36 Pengolahan Limbah Padat ................................................................ 175

Gambar 4.37 Bio Septic .......................................................................................... 175

Gambar 4.38 Pengolahan Sampah ......................................................................... 176

Gambar 4.39 Skema Pengolahan Limbah .............................................................. 176

Gambar 4.40 Smoke Detector ................................................................................. 176

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Gambar 4.41 Sprinkler ............................................................................................ 177

Gambar 4.42 Hidran ................................................................................................ 177

Gambar 4.43 Apar ................................................................................................... 177

Gambar 4.44 Tangga Darurat ................................................................................. 177

Gambar 4.45 Skema Pemadam Kebakaran ........................................................... 177

Gambar 4.46 CCTV................................................................................................. 178

Gambar 4.47 Access System .................................................................................. 178

Gambar 4.48 Alarm ................................................................................................. 178

Gambar 4.49 Lift ..................................................................................................... 178

Gambar 4.50 Ramp ................................................................................................. 179

Gambar 4.51 Tangga .............................................................................................. 179

Gambar 5.01 Arsitektur Kontemporer...................................................................... 182

Gambar 5.02 Interior Grand Louvre ........................................................................ 184

Gambar 5.03 Eksterior Grand Louvre ..................................................................... 185

Gambar 5.04 Eksterior Grand Louvre ..................................................................... 185

Gambar 5.05 Perbandingan Modern dan Renaisance ............................................ 186

Gambar 5.06 Geggenheim Bilbao ........................................................................... 186

Gambar 5.07 Geggenheim Bilbao ........................................................................... 187

Gambar 5.08 Pergerakan Angin ............................................................................. 195

Gambar 5.09 Kelembaban dalam Gedung ............................................................. 197

Gambar 5.10 Shanghai Tower Gensler ................................................................... 201

Gambar 5.11 Interior dan Struktur Shanghai Tower Gensler .................................. 203

Gambar 5.12 Orientasi Bangunan Menghadap Utara dan Selatan ......................... 204

Gambar 5.13 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Ventilasi ................ 205

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Gambar 5.14 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Vegetasi ................ 205

Gambar 5.15 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Lebar Ventilasi ...... 206

Gambar 5.15 Jenis Ventilasi ................................................................................... 226

Gambar 5.29 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan ............................................... 208

Gambar 5.30 Elemen Arsitektur Sebagi Pelindung Radiasi Matahari ..................... 208

Gambar 5.31 Contoh Sun Shadding ....................................................................... 209

Gambar 5.32 Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Sebagai Pelindung Radiasi Matahari ........... 210

Gambar 5.33 Hubungan antara Vegetasi dengan Penghawaan Alami ................... 211

Gambar 5.34 Penerapan Vegetasi dalam Bangunan .............................................. 212

Gambar 5.35 Sungai Buatan di Lingkungan Bangunan .......................................... 212

Gambar 5.36 Air Mancur Buatan dalam Ruangan .................................................. 213

Gambar 5.37 Skema Radiasi Sinar Matahari Material Bangunan ........................... 213

Gambar 5.38 Bangunan dengan Material Kayu dan Beton ..................................... 215

Gambar 5.30 Penerapan Green Skin pada Kulit Bangunan .................................... 216

Gambar 5.40 Penerapan Double Skin pada Kulit Bangunan .................................. 216

Gambar 5.41 Secondary Skin yang Terpisah pada Bangunan Utama .................... 216

Gambar 5.42 Sliding Wall ........................................................................................ 217

Gambar 5.43 Detail Sliding Wall ............................................................................. 217

Gambar 5.44 Hasil Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 218

Gambar 5.45 Contoh Bangunan dengan Menerapkan Vertical Garden dan

Fotovoltaik ............................................................................................................... 218