Provision of Care for Filipino Older Persons and ... · educated (2007 PSOA) Major gaps and significant differentials in the health status of OP that need to be addressed 14. Republic

Republic of the Philippines

Philippine Statistics Authority

Provision of Care for Filipino Older Persons and Responding to

the Needs of Aging Societies

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OutlineofPresentationI. PopulationAgeinginthePhilippines:

DemographicTrendsandProspects

II. FilipinoOlderPersons’Well‐Being

III. CaringfortheFilipinoOlderPersons:PolicySupportandProgramInitiatives

IV. RespondingtotheNeedsoftheAgingSocieties:TheInternationalMobilityofFilipinoHealthandCareWorkforce

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DEMOGRAPHICTRENDSANDPROSPECTSPopulationAgeinginthePhilippines

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SourcesofdataonAgeing• PhilippineCensusofPopulation&Housing• PhilippineLifeTables• 1996PhilippineElderlySurvey(PES)

Nationallyrepresentativesamplepopulation50+ Nofcases:2,285(1,264wereaged60+) Multi‐stagesamplingdesign partofabiggerproject,‘ComparativeStudyofElderlyinFourAsiancountries’(Philippines,

Singapore,TaiwanandThailand)withsupportfromtheUniversityofMichigan• 2007PhilippineStudyofAging(PSOA)

Nationallyrepresentativesamplepopulation60+ Nofcases:3,105 Multi‐stagesamplingdesign DesignedtobecomparabletotheJapaneseLongitudinalStudyofAging(NUJLSOA) FundingfromNihonUniversityPopulationResearchInstitute(NUPRI)

• VariousstudiesonAginginthePhilippines• 2016NationalDisabilityPrevalenceSurvey(NDPS)• 2018Longitudinal Study on Aging and Health in the

Philippines (LSAHP)4



Is the Philippine Population Ageing?

Are older Filipinos living longer and getting healthier?

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Whencanapopulationbeconsideredaging?

• YoungSocieties– Lessthan10%ofpopulationage60andover

• Ageingsocieties– 10to19%ofpopulationage60andover

• High‐ageingsocieties– 20to29%ofpopulationage60andover

• Hyper‐ageingsocieties– 30%ormoreofpopulationage60andover

Source:UNDESAPopulationDivision,WorldPopulationProspects:the2015revision 6



Source: Asia Health and Wellbeing Initiative (AHWIN)

Examples by stage of aging:Young: PhilippinesAging: China (11.72% are 65+ as of 2019)Aged: Republic of Korea (15% are 65+ as of 2019)Super Aged: Japan (27.9% are 65+ as of 2019)

Whencanapopulationbeconsideredaging?

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ThePhilippinesisstillconsideredayoungpopulation!

2015 Census• Total population

(100,981,437• % 60+: 7.5%• %65+ : 4.7%

‐0.08 ‐0.06 ‐0.04 ‐0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06

0‐45‐9

10‐1415‐1920‐2425‐2930‐3435‐3940‐4445‐4950‐5455‐5960‐6465‐6970‐7475‐7980+

Philippine Population, 2015

Philippines, Female Philippines, Male 8



Population structure: Philippines and Japan 2015

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Theolderpopulationisthefastestgrowingpopulationsectorwiththetrendexpectedtoholdin

thefuture

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Increasinglifeexpectancyatbirthandatage60

Source: The 1970 are from Flieger and Cabigon (1994) and the 2010 estimates from the Philippine Statistics Authority

Life expectancyat birth

Life expectancyat age 60

Male Female GenderDifference

Male Female Gender Difference

1970 57.3 61.5 4.2 16.3 17.1 0.8

2010 67.0 72.9 5.9 16.4 20.1 3.7

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ThePhilippinesisprojectedtotransitiontoanagingpopulationbetween2025‐2030basedonpopulation

projections

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AreolderFilipinoslivinglongerandgettinghealthier?

• Increasing life expectancy at age 60 which suggests the improving longevity of older Filipinos– Female OP live longer but spend a greater part of their remaining life in inactive state relative to the males

• Functional health is improving over time (1996 PES and 2007 PSOA); 19% of older Filipinos have at least 1 ADL difficulty (2010 Census)

• Younger cohorts of OP have better health status13



• Accesstohealthcare.Health insurance coverage remains low, particularly among the females (F: 12% vs M: 19%) and the older cohorts ( Age 80+: 10% vs. 60‐69: 17%) (2007 PSOA)

• Oralhealth.Low number of remaining teeth. Only 6% of age 80+ have at least 20 remaining teeth (2007 PSOA)

• Unmethealthneeds.Unmet need for health services remains substantial (2007 PSOA)

• SAH.Significantly better SAH among: Younger (60s compared to those in the 70s and 80s), and those better educated (2007 PSOA)

MajorgapsandsignificantdifferentialsinthehealthstatusofOPthatneedtobeaddressed

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FilipinoOlderPersons’Well‐Being15


Philippine Statistics AuthorityFilipino older persons’ major concerns onwell‐being…

WELL‐BEING

HealthConcerns

EconomicConcerns

Source:Cruz,Natividad,Gonzales&Saito(2016) 16



OnECONOMICCONCERNS…

OlderFilipinoshavelowincomeandassetswithmanyofthem,specificallywomendependingontheirchildrenforeconomicsupport.

Source:Cruz,Natividad,Gonzales&Saito(2016) 17


Philippine Statistics AuthorityOnECONOMICCONCERNS…

Source:HelpAge International(2016),AdministrativedatasharedbyGSISandSSS,andDepartmentofBudgetandManagement,TechnicalNotesonthe2016ProposedNationalBudget

PensionCoverageofolderpeople(60+),bydifferentkindsofpensions;Philippines,2016

NoPension55%

SocialPension,16%

EarningsRelated(CivilService),6%

EarningsRelated(PrivateSector),23%

OverhalfofFilipinoolderpeopleaged60andolderreceivenoformofpensionatall. 18



With the impending growth in numbers ofFilipino older persons…

AndthecurrentstateofFilipinoOPwell‐being,policysupportandprograminitiativesarebeingstrengthened.Majorpoliciesthatgrantsbenefitsarealreadyinplaceand

continuouslybeingexpandedtoupholdthewellbeingoftheseniorcitizens.

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CaringfortheFilipinoOlderPersonsPOLICYSUPPORTANDPROGRAMINITIATIVES

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The tradition of caring for the old still lingers inFilipino families…

Source:Cruz,GraceT.(2013)

Older Filipinos enjoy a significant amount of care andsupport from their spouse and children. Family supportcomes in the form of financial support, other financialand non‐financial transfers and significant amount ofsupport in terms of companionship and assistance.

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Caring for the older persons by the family and the state issimilarly emphasized in all the policy principles…

The family has the duty to care for its elderlymembers but the State may also do so throughprograms of social security.

‐‐‐ ArticleXV(Family)Section4ofthePhilippineConstitution

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Caring for the older persons by the family and the state issimilarly emphasized in all the policy principles…

"(d) To encourage their families and the communities theylive with to reaffirm the valued Filipino tradition of caringfor the senior citizens;

"(e) To provide a comprehensive health care andrehabilitation system for disabled senior citizens to fostertheir capacity to attain a more meaningful and productiveageing.

‐‐‐ RepublicAct(RA)9994ortheExpandedSeniorCitizensActof2010

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ThePhilippineGovernment’sprogramresponsesforthecareofolderpersons…

Has designed long‐term care (LTC) program strategies torespond to the need of the older persons for care and supportas provided in RA 9994:

• Home Care Support Services for Senior Citizens (HCSSC)‐ a strategy to improve the capacities of family members,kinship carers and homecare volunteers in caring for sick,frail, bedridden or disabled elderly family member. Deemedto promote stronger family relationship and socialresponsibility in the community.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)The overall lead of the National Inter‐Agency Coordinating andMonitoring Board of RA 9994 implementation.

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• Residential Care Service (RCS) ‐ a 24‐hour facility thatprovides long‐term or temporary care to older persons who areabandoned by families and with no significant others to giveneeded supportive care.

ThePhilippineGovernment’sprogramresponsesforthecareofolderpersons…

HavenfortheElderly(GoldenAcres)HomefortheElderlyHomefortheAged

GoldenReceptionActionCenterfortheElderlyandotherSpecialConcerns(GRACES)

SOCIALSERVICES

HOMELIFESERVICES

HEALTHSERVICES

RECREATIONAL&CULTURALACTIVITIES

DIETARYSERVICES

SPIRITUALENRICHMENT

PROGRAMSANDSERVICES

Source:ProtectiveServicesBureau,DepartmentofSocialWelfareandDevelopment(PSB‐DSWD)

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RespondingtotheNeedsofAgingSocietiesTHEINTERNATIONALMOBILITYOF

FILIPINOHEALTHANDCAREWORKFORCE

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Developedcountriesareagingandthedemandforhealthandcareworkersisrising…

The Philippines has become one of the majorsource countries of domestic care and health careworkers.

For the past five years, the country hasconsistently sent health and care workers to theMiddle East, America, Asia and Europeancountries.

Source:PhilippineOverseasEmploymentAdministration(POEA)27


Philippine Statistics AuthorityPhilippines is one of the major source countriesof domestic care and health care workers…

Source:CommissiononFilipinosOverseas(CFO),2015

ProfessionalNurse,28

OtherProfessiona,Technical&RelatedWorker,12

OtherServiceWorker,10

Farmer,9

Businessman,9

Businesswoman,8

MotorVehicleDriver,8

ManagingProprietors,6

Clerk,6

Manager,5

TopTenProfessionsPriortoMigration,Philippines:2005‐2015(inPercent)

Prior to migration, the leading profession among Filipino emigrants isprofessional nurse.

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Philippinesisoneofthemajorsourcecountriesofdomesticcareandhealthcareworkers…

HouseholdServiceWorkers

NursesProfessional

Waiters&Bartenders

Caregivers&Caretakers

Charworkers&Cleaners

DeployedLand‐basedOverseasFilipinoWorkersbyTop5OccupationalCategories,NewHires:2010‐2014

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

Over a five‐year period, health and care workers (professional nurses andcaregivers) are among the top skills deployed by the Philippines. 29



Towards a competitive health and care workforcein view of local and overseas employmentEducation and trainingCore competency standardsQuality assuranceRemuneration prospectsPersonal attributes (i.e. language skills)

Signingandimplementationofmutualrecognitionagreements(MRAs)i.e.ASEANMRAonNursing

The Filipino Health and Care Workforce: TowardsCompetitiveness and Regional Integration

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Confronting the paradox: increasing out‐migration ofFilipino health and care workers vis a vis the rapid rate ofgrowth of the older segment (60 years and above) ofpopulation

Brain drain and brain gain and the prospects for braincirculation

Strengthening of current measures on reintegration forreturn overseas health and care workers

Cross‐border Movement of Filipino Health and CareWorkers: Challenges and Opportunities

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Benchmarking of course curriculum and comparabilitystudies and technical cooperation towards signing andimplementation of MRAs

Promotion of welfare, social security and protection of rightsthrough bilateral dialogues with countries of destination

Implementation of ASEAN Qualifications ReferenceFramework (AQRF) and MRAs on 7 priority professionsincluding nursing

Health and pension benefits of return migrant health and careworkers.

Caring for the Carers: Advancing the Career Growth andWelfare of Filipino Health and Care Workforce

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Maraming Salamat po!Thank you!

Philippine Statistics AuthorityPSA Complex, East Avenue,

Diliman, Quezon City, PhilippinesTelephone Nos.: (02) 462‐6600 locals 839, 833 and 834

For more updates kindly visit:

@PSAgovphPhilippine Statistics AuthorityWebsite: www.psa.gov.ph

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Provision of Care for Filipino Older Persons and ... · educated (2007 PSOA) Major gaps and significant differentials in the health status of OP that need to be addressed 14. Republic

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