Provincial Architecture in Bijapur

8/10/2019 Provincial Architecture in Bijapur

1/43


2/43

INTRODUCTION

The provini!" #$%"e re&"e$e' $he re(e""ion o& $heIn'i!n provine# !)!in#$ $he i*peri!" De"hi.

The 'o*e#+ !rhe#+ *in!re$# !n' ehoin) (,ri!"h!*(er# !re $he on#$!n$ &e!$,re# o& $hi# #$%"e.


3/43

BIJAPUR CITY

In'o- I#"!*i !rhi$e$,re in Bi!p,r &"o,ri#he' ,n'er $he M,#"i*r,"er# in $he *e'iev!" perio'.

The i$% &ir#$ e/periene' i$# I#"!*i !rhi$e$,re in $he en' o&01$hen$,r% ,n'er A""!,'in Khi"i !n' "!$er ,n'er $he B!h!*!niE*pire in 0123.

Bi!p,r (e!*e $he !pi$!" o& A'i" Sh!hi '%n!#$%+ 4hen $heB!h!*!ni M,#"i* 5in)'o* (ro5e ,p in 0267.

I$ 4!# $he perio' o& )re!$e#$ I#"!*i !rhi$e$,r!" !n' !r$i#$i

!hieve*en$.

A'i" Sh!hi '%n!#$% #$!r$e' $heir on#$r,$ion in $he Bi!p,r i$%',rin) $he &ir#$ h!"& o& $he 08$hen$,r%.


4/43

A"i A'i" Sh!h I 90::3-0:3;< e/p!n'e' hi# 5in)'o*+ (,i"$i$!'e"#+ p!"!e#+ )!r'en# = p!vi"ion#.

Y,#,& A'i" Kh!n on#$r,$e' $he i$!'e"+ ! &or$re##irre),"!r"% ir,"!r in p"!n> i*peri!" (,i"'in)# = 7 #*!""*o#?,e# prep!re' &ro* 'e#poi"e' $e*p"e#.

Deve"op*en$ o& ! i$% !ro,n' $he i$!'e" "e' $o $he

on#$r,$ion o& #$ron)"% &or$i&ie' 4!""#.

The#e 4!""# 4ere e/$en'e' over 8 *i"e# in ir,*&erene4i$h 8 i$% )!$e# 4hih 4ere onne$e' $o $he he!r$ o& $hei$% (% r!'i!" ro!'#.

The i$% )!$e# 4ere n!*e'- @!$eh G!$e+ Sh!hp,r G!$e+ohr!p,r G!$e+ M!55! G!$e+ A"ip,r G!$e+ P!'#h!hp,r G!$e+B!h*!ni G!$e.


5/43


6/43

There 4!# no #%#$e*!$i p"!nnin) o& $he i$%.

There 4!# no 'e&ini$e p!$$ern or !"i)n*en$ o& !r$eri!" ro!'#!# $he% e/p!n'e' in ! h!ph!!r' *!nner 4i$h $he )ro4$ho& $he i$%.

A"i A'i" Sh!h I h!' *!n% e/$en#ive 4!$er4or5#on#$r,$e'.

E/$en#ive ne$4or5 o& ,n'er)ro,n' !$h*en$ $,nne"# =,n'er)ro,n' e!r$hen pipe# 4!# "!i' $o &ee' $he4!$er4or5# o& T! B!,ri+ Ch!n' B!,ri = K,*!$)i.

The#e (!,ri# or 4!$er4or5# (e!*e p"!e# o& ro%!" re$re!$= )r!n' 4!$er p!vi"ion#+ &ro* 4here 4!$er 4!# $r!n#por$e'$o v!rio,# p!r$# o& $he i$%.


7/43

ARCHITECTURAL

CHARACTERISTICS

The% on#$r,$e' $heir (,i"'in)# in 1 'i&&eren$ 4!%#-*o#?,e#+ $o*(# = p!"!e#.

The% (,i"$ *ore $h!n 7 $o*(# = ne!r"% $he #!*e n,*(ero& p!"!e#.

Their !rhi$e$,r!" on#$r,$ion# 4ere in&",ene' &ro* $he

re)ion!" ,"$,re = $h,# (e!*e $he !*!")!*!$ion o&T,r5i#h = In'i!n ,"$,re.


8/43


9/43

The% ,#e' ornie# = &o,r-en$ere' !rhe# $h!$4ere &,""er in $heir ,rve.


10/43

The% 'eor!$e' $heir (,i"'in)#4i$h p!$$ern# &ro* p"!#$i !r$+! #,"p$,r!" e"e*en$ in $heir!rhi$e$,r!" #$%"e.

The &!*o,# p!$$ern 4!# $he!rh #p!n'ri"#+ on#i#$in) o& !vo",$e' (r!5e$ ho"'in) !

*e'!""ion 4i$h ! &o"i!$e' &ini!"!(ove $he !rh.

O$her #,"p$,re# 4ere ei$her!rve' in #$one or *o,"'e' in#$,o 4i$h onven$ion!"

h!n)in) "!*p#+ r,nnin)(or'er# = in$er"!e' #%*(o"#.


11/43

EXAMPLES

The i$% i# 'e5e' !n' 'o$$e' 4i$h 4on'er&,"In'o-I#"!*i !rhi$e$,re $h!$ !n (e #een in Go"

G,*(!+ I(r!hi* R!,!+ J!*i M!#i'+ M!"i5-e-M!i'!n+ Upri B,r,+ Ch!n' B!4'i+ A#!r M!h!"+G!)!n M!h!"+ B!r!5!*!n+ J,*n! Mo#?,e+ J!"M!ni"+ S!$ M!ni"+ Jo' G,*(! !n' An!n'

M!h!".


12/43

GOL GUMBAZ


13/43

GOL GUMBAZ (1656-1660)

I$ i# $he *!,#o"e,* o& Moh!**e' A'i" Sh!h.

I$ i# one o& $he "!r)e#$ #in)"e h!*(er# ever (,i"$.

The (,i"'in) o*p"e/ o*pri#e# o& ! *o#?,e on i$# 4e#$ern#i'e 4i$h ! !(",$ion $!n5 in (e$4een = &ron$e' (% ! )!$e4!%+! N!??!r Kh!n!F or 'r,*-ho,#e on#i#$in) o& ! *,#e,* ='h!r*!#h!"!# !n' ! #p!io,# )!r'en.

E/$ern!""%+ $he (,i"'in) i# ! )re!$ ,(e 4i$h ! $,rre$ or $o4er!$$!he' $o e!h !n)"e+ 4i$h ! "!r)e he*i#pheri!" 'o*eoverin) $he 4ho"e.


14/43

S,(#i'i!r% e"e*en$# in",'e $he 4i'e ornie #,ppor$e' (%"o#e"% #p!e' (r!5e$#.

A(ove $hi# i# !n !r!'e o& #*!"" !rhe#.

A(ove $hi# !re $he *!##ive *er"on# 4i$h &ini!"#.

A(ove $he *er"on# !re $he &o"i!$ion# !ro,n' $he (!#e o&$he 'o*e one!"in) $he ,n$ion (e$4een $he 'o*e !n'$he ,(e (e"o4.

The 4!"" #,r&!e o& $he ,(e h!# $hree !rhe# #,n5en in$o$he*+ $he en$r!" one p!ne""e' o,$ $o (rin) i$ $o $he #ie o&! nor*!" 'oor4!%.


15/43


16/43

The (,i"'in) p"!n i# ! #?,!re h!""en"o#e' (% 2 "o&$% 4!""#+(,$$re##e' (% o$!)on!" $o4er# !$

$he orner# !n' $he 4ho"e#,r*o,n$e' (% ! he*i#pheri!"'o*e.

The #?,!re h!"" i# 20.:* #i'ein#i'e = 87.:* o,$#i'e.

The 2 "o&$% 4!""# !re 1* $hi5 =11.:* hi)h.

The 'i!*e$er o& o$!)on!" (,$$re##i# 3.8* ri#in) $o ! hei)h$ o& 2:.3*= !re #,r*o,n$e' (% he*i#pheri!"

'o*e.The 4ho"e #$r,$,re in hei)h$ i#

8.;*+ e?,iv!"en$ $o ! 7-#$ore%e'#$r,$,re o& *o'ern $i*e#.


17/43


18/43

INTERSECTING ARCHES OF

GOL GUMBAZ

The *!in !rhi$e$,r!" &e!$,re# o& $he h!"" !re $he $!""

poin$e' !rhe# 4hih #,ppor$ $he 'o*e !(ove.

D,e $o $he h,)e #ie o& $he 'o*e+ $he *e$ho' o& ,#in)"in$e" = #?,inhe' !rhe# o,"' no$ (e !pp"ie'.

Hene $he *e$ho' o& in$er#e$in) !rhe# 4!# !'op$e'+4hih 4!# ! #heer #$r,$,r!" nee##i$%.


19/43

METHOD OF INTERSECTING ARCHES

E!h #i'e o& $he "!r)e #?,!re 4!# 'ivi'e'

in$o $hree e?,!" 'ivi#ion# = $he !"$ern!$epoin$# o& 'ivi#ion 4ere oine' $o)e$her.

Thi# )!ve ri#e $o $4o #*!""er over"!ppin)#?,!re# in#ri(e' 4i$hin $he "!r)e #?,!re.

Ei)h$ poin$# o& in$er#e$ion o& $he $4o#*!""er #?,!re# pro',e' !n o$!)on4i$hin $he "!r)e #?,!re.

S$r,$,r!""%+ $he "o!$ion o& $he ei)h$orner# o& $he o$!)on in #p!e 4!#'e$er*ine' (% ere$in) $!"" !rhe# !"on)

e!h o& $he #i'e# o& $he in$er#e$in)#?,!re#.

A(ove $he o$!)on!" p"!$&or* ! ir,"!rrin) o& *!#onr% 4!# &or*e' !$in) !# $he'r,* &or $he 'o*e.


20/43


21/43


22/43

THE DOME

I$ i# $he #eon' "!r)e#$ 'o*e in $he 4or"' 4i$h ! 'i!*e$ero& 22* o,$#i'e = 16* in#i'e.

The 'o*e i# no$ #,ppor$e' (% ! #in)"e pi""!r = i# ! hi)h"%#en#i$ive eho h!*(er.

The he*i#pheri!" 'o*e i# 1* $hi5 !$ i$# #prin)in) poin$. So*e o& i$# 4ei)h$ i# $r!n#&erre' on$o $he 2 4!""# 4hi"e $here#$ i# proe$e' on$o $he in$er#e$in) !rhe# 4hih !"#oreeive = o,n$er!$ !n% o,$4!r' $hr,#$.

I$ 4!# on#$r,$e' o,$ o& (ri5 *!#onr% !#$ in onre$e

&or*e' o,$ o& ! *i/ o& (!""!#$ = rih "i*e *or$!r. The 'o*e i# ! p"!in p"!#$ere' v!,"$ 4i$h #i/ #*!"" openin)#$hro,)h $he 'r,* !n' ! &"!$ #e$ion !$ i$# ro4n (,$ noen$r!" pen'!n$.


23/43

The !rhe# $h!$ #,ppor$ $he(!#e o& $he 'o*e &or*# !proe$in) )!""er% 1.1:* 4i'eh!n)in) in $he in$erior o& $he'o*e !(ove $he )ro,n' &"oor.

The )!""er% i# 5no4n !#4hi#perin) )!""er%.

Be"o4 $he #?,!re h!"" $here i#! v!,"$e' (!#e*en$ on$!inin)*or$,!r% h!*(er# 4i$h $o*(#o& #,"$!n hi*#e"& = hi# &!*i"%*e*(er#.


24/43

SECTION O@GOL GUMBA


25/43

JAMI MASJID


26/43

INTRODUCTION J!*i M!#i' 4!# (,i"$ (% A"i Sh!h90::6-6


27/43

ARCHITECTURAL

CHARACTER I$ i# ! "!r)e #$r,$,re+ !# i$# p"!n &or*# ! re$!n)"e 0:

/ 6 *+ !n' h!# !n en$r!ne )!$e $o $he e!#$ern #i'eo& $he *o#?,e.

I$ !"#o h!# $4o *ore )!$e# in $he #o,$h !n' nor$h

'ire$ion. A p!##!)e &ro* $he e!#$ern )!$e "e!'# in$o $heo,r$%!r'+ 4hih h!# &o,n$!in# !n' ! "!r)e re#ervoir in$he en$er.

The en$r!" o,r$%!r' o& $he *o#?,e i# ! #?,!re : *#i'e 4ho#e $hree #i'e# on$!in #,per( r!n)e o& !rhe#+3 on e!h #i'e !n' on $he 4e#$ern en' &or*# $he&!!'e o& #!n$,!r% !""e' Li4!n.

A(ove $he *i''"e o& $he #!n$,!r%+ $here i# ! #?,!re!r!'e' "e!r#$ore%+ #,ppor$in) $he )re!$ 'o*e.


28/43

PLAN


29/43

The peri*e$er 4!""# !re!r$i,"!$e' on $he e/$erior (%

$4o or'er# o& #,peri*po#e'!rhe#.

The "o4er one# !reorn!*en$!" 4hi"e $he ,pperone# &or* ! on$in,o,# open

)!""er% $h!$ r,n# !"on) $hree#i'e# o& $he *o#?,e !n'o,r$%!r' re#e*("in) !"o))i!.

The !rhe# o& $he )!""er%

&!in) $he o,r$%!r' h!ve &inepropor$ion# !n' #i*p"e "ine#.

There !re !"#o #ever!"4in'o4# o& piere' #$one4or5!rve' in ! v!rie$% o& p!$$ern.


30/43

The pr!%er h!"" 3 / 18 *on $he 4e#$ #i'e h!# !&!!'e o& #even (!%#+ e!h(!% h!vin) !n !rhe'openin).

The !rhe# !re e?,!" in#ie+ 4hi"e $he en$r!" !rh

i# 'e"ine!$e' $hro,)h'e"i!$e !r!(e#?,e p!$$ern#in #$,o.

The h!"" i# 'ivi'e' in$o &ive(!% $h!$ !re p!r!""e" $o $he

4e#$ 9?i("!< 4!"". The roo& i# #,ppor$e' (%

*!##ive #?,!re pier#. The en$r!" (!% i# ! #?,!re

#p!e o& 7: *$#.


31/43

The re#$ o& $he "i4!n i#roo&e' over (% #h!""o4

ir,"!r 'o*e# over #?,!re(!%# &or*e' (% *!#onr%pier#.

The#e #h!""o4 'o*e# !reone!"e' 4i$h $he

$hi5ne## o& $he roo&. The 3 !rhe# o& $he &!!'e

o& $he "i4!n !re #h!'e' (% !'eep horion$!" h!!#,ppor$e' over ! ro4 o&

"o#e"% #p!e' (r!5e$#.


32/43

The pr!%er h!"" i# ro4ne'(% !n e"e)!n$+

he*i#pheri!" 'o*e o&'i!*e$er 03.2 *# !n' ri#e#$o 18.8 *# &ro* $he)ro,n'.

The 'o*e i# #,ppor$e' (% !#?,!re !r!'e' "e!r#$or%.

The 'o*e i# )iven )re!$erver$i!" pro*inene (% i$##*!"" orn!*en$!"(!",#$r!'e !$ $he (!#e.

The on$in,i$% o& $he(!",#$r!'e i# (ro5en !$in$erv!"# o& $hree !rhe# (%! ),"'!#$! 9#"en'erorn!*en$!" *in!re$#


33/43

The 'o*e i# !ppe' (% ! *e$!" $er*in!" ,pho"'in) $he#%*(o"i re#en$ $h!$ pro"!i*e' $he A'i" Sh!hi '%n!#$%F#

T,r5i#h ori)in.

I$# en$re por$ion i# 38 &ee$ in 'i!*e$er !n' on$!in# 07!rhe#+ 1 on e!h #i'e+ !n' $he !rhe# on $he !(ovepro',e# !n o$!)on!" ornie &or $he #,ppor$ o& $he (!#e

o& $he 'o*e.


34/43

IBRAHIM RAUA90:3AD

Provincial Architecture in Bijapur

Documents