Protozoa Powerpoint

8/12/2019 Protozoa Powerpoint

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alantidium coli


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Largest protozoa invading man

Commonly seen in feces of pigs

Habitat: Cecum

Pathology: Ulceration of cecal mucosa


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GENUS AND SPECIES Balantidium coli

DISEASE PRODUCED Balantidiasis

INFECTIVE STAGE Cyst

DEFINITIVE HOST Man

PORTAL ENTRY Mouth

MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion of MATURE CYSTHABITAT Cecum

PATHOGENIC STAGE Troppozoite

LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS Cilia

MOTILITY Directional tumbling motolity

PATHOGENESIS Lytic Necrosis

MODE OF REPRODUCTION Transverse binary fission

TYPE OF ENCYSTMENT Protective only

OTHER CHARACTERISTIC Dysenteric Water

TREATMENT METRONIDAZOLE


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Isospora belli

Sarcocystis hominis

Sarcocystis lindemanni

Toxoplasma gondii

Cryptosporidium parvum


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Intracellular parasite with no definitiveorgan of locomotion

Life cycle is characterized bu alterationor generation

Schizogony: asexual cycle occuring atintermediate host

Sporogony: sexual cycle occuring atdefinitive host


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Oocyst : elongated, double walled, with

narrowing at one side (papaya shaped) With sporoblast: inside the oocyst (thus

immature oocyst); maybe single or

double nucleus; secretes cyst wallforming sporocyst inside the oocyst

The nucleus of sporocyst divides into fourforming sporozoites


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GENUS AND SPECIES Isospora belli

DISEASE PRODUCED Human Coccidiosis

INTERMEDIATE HOST Man

DEFINITIVE HOST ManINFECTIVE STAGE Mature Oocyst

PATHOGENIC STAGE Trophozoite, merozoite,sporozoite

PORTAL OF ENTRY Mouth

MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion of mature oocyst

HABITAT Distal duodenum and proximaljejunum

PATHOGENESIS Abdominal Pain, Mucoid Diarrhea

DIAGNOSTIC APPEARANCE Neck-like apperance of oocyst

MODE OF REPRODUCTION Binary Fission

Oocyst 8 banana shaped sporozoites

Sarcocyst None

TREATMENT Co-trimazole, pyrimethamine andsulfadiozone


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INTESTINAL SARCOCYTIS INFECTION Caused by S. hominis

Produces oocyst

Man is DH

Cattle and Pig are IH

EXTRAINTESTINAL SARCOCYTIS INFECTION

Caused by S. lindemanni Produces sarcocyst

Man is IH

DH is unknown


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GENUS AND SPECIES Sarcocystis hominis Sarcocystis lindemanni

DISEASE PRODUCED Intestinal sarcocystis Extraintestinal sarcocystis,Sarcosporodiosis

INTERMEDIATE HOST Cattle and Pig Man

DEFINITIVE HOST Man UNKOWN (Cat and Dog)

INFECTIVE STAGE Sarcocyst Mature Oocyst

PATHOGENIC STAGE Merozoite Merozoite, Sporozoite

PORTAL OF ENTRY Mouth Mouth

MANNER OF

TRANSMISSION

Ingestion of improperly cook beef

or pork

Ingestion of improperly cooked

pork or beef contaminated withfeces of cat and dog

HABITAT Intestine in lamina propia Intestine

PATHOGENESIS Destruction of the epithelia of theintestine

Destruction of vascularepithelium, inflammation of

muscle, Hypersensitivity reaction

DIAGNOSTICAPPEARANCE

Straited wall of sarcocyst due tothin villi

With merozoite and tachyzoite

Oocyst Identical to Isospora belli Same

Sarcocyst Contain metrocyst (large roundcell)

With metrocyst found in skeletalmuscle and cardiac muscle of

man

TREATMENT Similar to Isospora belli No specific treatment


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Reproduction is by endogeny: division in

which 2 daughter trophozoites are

formed within he parent cell

Domestic cat can produce the highly

infectious oocyst


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TROPHOZOITE: 4-8 x 2-3 um Pyriform or cresentic in shape; one end is more

rounded than the other with spherical or ovoid

nucleus CYST: 100 um in diameter

Contain 50 to several thousands of bradyzoites

CW is eosinophilic, argyrophilic and isually

weakly PAS (+) OOCYST:10 x 12 um

Has 2 layers with 2 sporocyst and each sporocystcontain 4 sporozoites


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GENUS AND SPECIES Toxoplasma gondii

DISEASE PRODUCED Toxoplasmosis


DEFINITIVE HOST CatINFECTIVE STAGE Trophozoite, Oocyst, Cyst

PORTAL OF ENTRY Mouth

MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion, Transplacental,inhalation

HABITAT Tissue

PATHOGENESIS Grow in eyes, brain, skeletalmuscle, localized proliferation,immunologic hypersensitivity

MODE OF REPRODUCTION Endodyogeny

Oocyst Oocystred stainYeast- Green in AFS

Sarcocyst None

TREATMENT Same as crypto


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MORPHOLOGY:

Trophozoite and Schizont: 2-5 um attachedto host cell membrane

Oocyst: 4-5 um with sporozoites but WITHOUTSPROCYST


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GENUS AND SPECIES Cryptosporidium parvum

DISEASE PRODUCED Crytosporidiosis


DEFINITIVE HOST ManINFECTIVE STAGE Matue Oocyst

MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion of Mature Oocyst

HABITAT Brush border of the stomach,intestine and gallbladder

PATHOGENESIS Destruction of host cell

DIAGNOSTIC APPEARANCE Without sporocyst, schizont,produce 8 falciform merozoite

MODE OF REPRODUCTION Merogony

Oocyst 4 sporozoite without sporocystSarcocyst none

TREATMENT Spirimycin, pyrimethamine,sulfadiozone, somatostatin


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Plasmodium vivax

Plasmodium ovale

Plasmodium malariae

Plasmodium falciparum


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Required transmission with insect vectorsgenerally Anopheles mosquito which

carries the sporogony cycle Schizogony cycle occurs in man thus IH

Anopheles Mosquito is the DH

Invades RBC and causes MALARIA


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Life span- more than one month

Generally cant fly above 2 meters from

the ground Female mosquito suck blood of anima

(needs hemoglobin for ovi production)

Generally night suckers (6pm to 4am) Breed on water that are slow running,

clean water


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GENUS AND SPECIES PLASMODIA

DEFINITIVE HOST ANOPHELES MOSQUITO

INFECTIVE STAGE TO DH Gametocyte

LIFECYCLE IN DH Sprogonic cycleEND PRODUCT Sprozoite


INFECTIVE STAGE TO IH Sporozoite

PORTAL OF ENTRY Skin

LIFE CYCLE IN IH Schozogonic cycle

END PRODUCT Merozoite

MANNER OF TRANSMISSION Mosquito bite, blood transfusion,transplacental

MEANS OF LOCOMOTION NoneHABITAT RBC, Liver cell

PATHOGENIC STAGE Trophozoite, Merozoite

PATHOGENESIS Tissue Anoxia

GENUS AND SPECIES P vivax P ovale


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GENUS AND SPECIES P. vivax P. ovale

DISEASE PRODUCED Benign Tertian Ovale Malaria

PAROXYSM 48 hours 48 hours

TYPE OF RBC Reticulocyte Retuculocyte

SCHIZOGONIC CYCLE:

YOUNG TROPHOZOITE Normal Size RBC, Ring form

GROWING TROPHOZOITE Slightly enlarged RBC, looseamoeboid cytoplasm

Presence of stippling

MATURE TROPHOZOITE

YOUNG SCHIZONT Enlarged RBC, 2 chromatindots

GROWING SCHIZONT 3-11 chromatin dots

MATURE SCHIZONT Enlarged RBC, 12-24 CDhaphazardly arranged

TOTAL NUMBER OFMEROZOITE

12-24

MICROGAMETOCYTE Enlarged RBC, Mass ofchromatin dots located

centrally

MACROGAMETOCYTE Enlarged RBC, CD locatedperipheraly

STIPPLING SCHUFFNERS DOTS JamesDots

GENUS AND SPECIES P malariae P Falciparum


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GENUS AND SPECIES P. malariae P. Falciparum

DISEASE PRODUCED Quartan malaria Malignant Tertian, subtertian

PAROXYSM 72 hours 36-48 hours

TYPE OF RBC Old RBC All stages

SCHIZOGONIC CYCLE:

YOUNG TROPHOZOITE Normal Size RBC, Singlechromatin dot with bib-like

cytoplasm

Normal RBC, pleomorphicform

GROWING TROPHOZOITE Presence of stippling Presence of stippling

MATURE TROPHOZOITE

YOUNG SCHIZONT

GROWING SCHIZONT 3-5 chromatin dots 3-7 chromatin dots

MATURE SCHIZONT Normal size RBC, 6-12 CDarranged in rossete

18-24-32 cd

TOTAL NUMBER OFMEROZOITE 6-12 18-24-32

MICROGAMETOCYTE Kidney bean shaped, diffuseCD

MACROGAMETOCYTE Crescent shaped, compactCD

STIPPLING Ziemannsdots Maurerr, Christopher,Granham dots


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