Protein Synthesis By Chandler Emhoff
Jun 14, 2015
Protein Synthesis
By Chandler Emhoff
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
NUCLEUS
DNA
NUCLEUS
DNA
NUCLEUS
DNA
NUCLEUS
DNA
NUCLEUS
DNA
NUCLEUS
DNA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G A G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GmRNA Strand
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GmRNA Strand
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Nuclear Pore
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
mRNAThe mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
Larger Ribosomal Subunit
Smaller Ribosomal Subunit
mRNAThe mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
Larger Ribosomal Subunit
Smaller Ribosomal Subunit
mRNA Strand
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
Start Codon Stop Codon
CodonCodonCodon
mRNA Strand
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
Start Codon Stop Codon
CodonCodonCodon
mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
Amino Acid
mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
Amino Acid
mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GU A C
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GU A C
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U A C
U C GThe tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U A C
U C G The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U C GA U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
A U G The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
A U G
A C
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
A C The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA comes to the stop codon and stops reading and forming the polypeptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GU A C
The tRNA comes to the stop codon and stops reading and forming the polypeptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U A C The tRNA comes to the stop codon and stops reading and forming the polypeptide chain.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain from the peptide bonds between proteins (blue line).
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain from the peptide bonds between proteins (blue line).
Verbal SummaryFirst the RNA Primase breaks the DNA’s hydrogen bonds and reads it to form a complementary mRNA strand. The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and enters into a ribosomes. Once inside the ribosome the mRNA is read by a tRNA, a molecule with an amino acid attached, and then the matching base pairs are copied and processed. The amino acid is left behind. Once a group of amino acids are left behind a polypeptide bond is formed between the amino acids and a polypeptide chain is formed.