Protein Sources

8/11/2019 Protein Sources

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Soyabean Meal

The major protein source used in pigdiets

It is unsurpassed by any other protein interms of biological value and therefore isthe standard to which all other plantprotein supplements are compared

It has an excellent balance of aminoacids and especially high in lysine,tryptophan the amino acids mostdeficient in cereal grains

Very palatable


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Cottonseed Meal

Considerably lower in lysine thansoyabeans

High in fibre Contains gossypol, a compound toxic topigs

Only cottonseed with less that 0.04%

free gossypol should be used in pig diets To protect against gossypol toxicity Fe-

sulphate should be added Fe binds with gossypol and prevents it

absorption


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Sunflower Meal

Low in lysine but twice moremethionine than soyabean

High in fibre, low in protein Not recommended for piglets

Palatable, laxative and has a lowshelf life


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Feed Additives

Feed additive in pig diets includeantibiotics,antihelmintics,

Probiotics, yeast cultures, enzymes& organic acids

Feed additive stimulate growth and

efficiency of fed utilisation andreduce mortality and morbidity


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Feed Additives

Organic acids such as fumaric acid andcitric acid benefit early weaned pigs

These are thought to lower stomach phthereby serving to increase the activityof the digestive enzyme pepsin, low phalso reduce the proliferation of

undesirable bacteria in the GIT


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Gestation

Nutrient requirements in the pregnantsow are generally low especially during

the first two thirds of gestation Much of the fetal growth occurs in the

last trimester of pregnancy

2 to 2.5 kg per day with 14%CP and 0.8and 0.65% Ca and P respectively


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Gestation

A grain soya diet fortified withminerals & vitamins is adequate for

sows Use of high levels of supplementalfat increase birth weight, fat levels

in colostrum, milk production andpiglet survival


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Farrowing

Farrowing diet should be laxative innature to prevent constipation

Wheat bran can be added at levelsof 10 to 15% or 0.75 to 1% of Mgsulphate or KCl

Antibiotic may be added to reduceincidences of MMA


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Lactation

Nutrient demands during lactationare high due to the requirement for

milk production Feeding should be aimed atminimizing looses of body weightand condition

2kg plus 0.5kg per piglet beingsuckled


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Piglets

Get most of their requirements from milk

A palatable diet containing 18 to 20% CP

(1.2% lysine) should be fed The diet should also contain milk by

products eg milk powder or dried whey

It is very important that the feedshould be kept fresh


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Starting Pigs

18 to 19 % CP diet with 1% lysinefed ad lib

Dried whey at 10 to 20% of thediet is beneficial especially in earlyweaned pigs


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Boars

Are normally fed 2 to 3kg per dayof gestation sow diet

During periods of heavy use theymay require slightly more feed toremain in good condition


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Grain and Soya Reqns

3.2 tons of maize per sow per year

Includes sow reqn, boar reqns, and

piglets until they reach 100kg Assuming 18 piglets per year reachmarket weight

Maize and soya mixed in the ratioof 3 : 2


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Feeding Systems

Ad-lib Feeding Pigs having access to feed all the time

Normally used in growing and finishingpigs

Advantages

Normally results in rapid growth Requires less labour


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Feeding Systems

Disadvantages

Production of fatter carcasses because

some5time the consume more thanrequired

Wasteful

Difficult to identify sick animals


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Restricted Feeding

A specific amount of feed is givenper day

Used mainly in breeding stock Can be used in fatteners when feedsupply is low but fatteners should

be feeding for at least 30 minuteat each feeding time


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Advantages

Less wastage

Leaner carcasses

Help to identify sick animals

Disadvantages Labour intensive Growth may be limited

Protein Sources

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