PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor 1 EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos,

PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND

WATER with

MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS

PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor1

EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer1

1Geomatics & Surveying Dept., Technological Educational Institute of Serres, Greece

Introduction

GROUNDWATER: a VITAL resource!

GROUNDWATER protection & Management:

is a CRITICAL procedure for Sustainable Development

Involving:

the Preservation of QUALITY, the Preservation of QUANTITY and The ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT assessment of it’s use

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Ground Water resources protection

CONSERVATION & ENHANCEMENT of GroundWater resources can be achieved through :

Land Care GW Management GW Recharge Preservation

In any case, when trying to “protect and preserve” the central idea must be ….

PREVENTION (instead of disaster/pollution management)

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Scope

To highlight the possibilities offered by contemporary technologies such as Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Ground Water protection and management…

By assessing groundwater vulnerability which can be considered as one of it’s sustainability indicators

By displaying the potential uses of an integrated Ground Water Information System

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Lineament Orientation analysis

Fracture pattern and density

Band Ratios & False Color Composites used to:Map the Geology Trace Faults

False Color Composites& Band Ratios

PC2-4/7-3/1PC2-4/7-4/3TM5/7-4/5-3/1TM4/7-4/3-4/6TM4/3-5/7-4/5

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Location

Delineating Recharge Areas (1/2)

Additional Hydrochemical Data used Recharge area delineation

Lineament Density

Ion Ratio spatial distribution

Delineating Recharge Areas

Fractures

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Ion Ratio indicating groundwater

residence time in the aquifer:

[Ca+Mg] / [Na + K ]

Ion Ratio indicating groundwater origin through Mg-rich formations: Mg/Ca > 1.0

Recharge Area delineation

RRecharge Rate

AAquifer Media

SSoil Media

TTopography

IImpact of Vadose zone

CHydraulic Conductivity

DDepth to groundwater

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GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2)

Rainfall: 25 years /53 stations 260 sampling points Bore logs Geologic maps (scale 1:50,000)

X =

Effective Infiltration (%)

Mean Annual Rainfall (mm)

Mean Annual Infiltration (mm)

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Ground Water Vulnerability as compared to NO3 concentration

Installations/Activities plotted against Ground Water Vulnerability

Reliability Check

Use… LANDUSE to estimate RISK

GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2)

GWIS concept design

A system that can be used to protect groundwater and to support decisions for Ground Water sustainable management

Ground Water Information System

WebServer

InternetMap

Server

Web – GISApplication

Spatial Data Engine

Ground Water Simulation

Models

GWIS Geographic

(Spatial)Database

Server

Connectors

ServletEngine

ApplicationServer

SpatialServer

Telecommunication Infrastructure (TCP/IP over GSM)

Ground Water Field Equipment DevicesData Collection

Layer

Database &Assisting Software

Services

Content Management System

Telecommunication Infrastructure (Internet)

Telecommunication Infrastructure (Internet)

CustomClient

ApplicationsGroup 1

CustomClient

ApplicationsGroup 2

Application & Data Access Code

User Access Control & Content Management

PresentationLayer

Data / Services/

Application Layer

The proposed system presents a typical Multi-TIER ArchitectureSystem Tiers: Data Collection Layer Data Services/Applications Layer

DataBases Application & Data Access

code User Access control & Content

Management Presentation Layer 9

MONITORING STATION HOUSEDONLINE REAL-TIME TELECONTROLED SPECTROPHOTOMETERS

Data input through Web services

10Early Warning System

In RED color the sampling points where the specified threshold value for a specified parameter was exceeded.

Ground Water Information System

Data (information) layers shown

Groundwater quantity and/or quality related parameters, can be constantly (or selectively) measured and data can be instantly transferred, stored and made readily available.

The system is capable to adapt to site specific conditions and local regulations and to maximise cost-effectiveness without compromising program and data quality

Ion or Contaminant concentrations that are above set thresholds can be tracked and contaminant trends can be identified.

Remedial measure performance can be evaluated.

Regulators can have access to data and maps in real time, estimate future trends and make decisions

Public awareness can be greatly enhanced by providing information and guidelines over the Web so the public can be transformed from “part of the problem” to “part of the solution”

GWIS characteristics

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Remote Sensing Techniques combined with the use of Geographic Information Systems over the Web can provide accurate and reliable information regarding groundwater protection and management at minimal costs.

Pollution Hazard Preventive measures Can be based on vulnerability assessment models

and methods, can provide reliable results and help make

decisions regarding the regulatory framework and the land use planning on a regional scale

The use of a Ground Water Information System integrating the above technologies can greatly help both as a Decision Support AND as an Early Warning System for groundwater protection and management.

Conclusions

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The Problems we have to face from a Cross-Border Perspective

There is an ongoing effort to reduce the impact pollution Hazards can have on people and on the environment.

Problems & Drawbacks Lack of RELIABLE information The COST of required DATA Lack of SYSTEMATIC pollution hazard assessment Lack of a “common census” in terms of Methodologies

and Procedures adapted so that results can be comparable

…and regarding the local administration (only a couple of…)

Not imposed LEGAL FRAMEWORK Lack of PUBLIC AWARENESS

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Responce Key elements for Pollution Hazard mitigation,

especially by taking Preventive measures, are: Pollution Hazard Identification Risk assessment and Applied Research and Technology transfer

And to achieve those targets we need

A common census on Methodologies used/adapted Selection of the appropriate Methodology (–ies) by

a review-compare-select-pilot implement procedure

Data homogenization Data standardization according to the selected

data model

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…suggestions on How to Solve them

PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND

WATER with

MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS

PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor1

EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer1

1Geomatics & Surveying Dept., Technological Educational Institute of Serres, Greece

THANK YOU!