Civil Engineering and Architecture 10(4): 1354-1372, 2022 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/cea.2022.100410 Prospects of Metakaolin Admixed Palm Kernel Shell Solid Concrete Masonry Block: A Review Nova John * , R Mercy Shanthi, D Tensing Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore - 641114, Tamilnadu, India Received February 12, 2022; Revised April 15, 2022; Accepted May 9, 2022 Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles (a): [1] Nova John, R Mercy Shanthi, D Tensing , "Prospects of Metakaolin admixed Palm Kernel Shell Solid Concrete Masonry Block: A Review," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 10, No. 4 pp. 1354-1372, 2022. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2022.100410. (b): Nova John, R Mercy Shanthi, D Tensing (2022). Prospects of Metakaolin admixed Palm Kernel Shell Solid Concrete Masonry Block: A Review. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 10(4), 1354-1372. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2022.100410. Copyright©2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Over the last two decades, research on the use of Palm kernel shell (PKS) as a lightweight aggregate has shown that it can be utilised to make structural lightweight concrete. PKS concrete has a lower density than regular concrete, perhaps 20 to 25% lower. This review was presented as part of efforts to make efficient use of locally available materials by looking into the effects of replacing normal coarse aggregates with palm kernel shells on the density and compressive strength of concrete, as well as determining the suitability of palm kernel shell concrete as a structural material. The utilization of alternative binders like Metakaolin (MK) in Palm kernel shell concrete not only reduces the carbon footprint of conventional masonry products but also enhances the various properties associated with these products. In this review, the characteristics and properties of Metakaolin and Palm Kernel shell were discussed based on the literature survey. Also the application studies of metakaolin and Palm kernel shells in concrete mix to improve the compressive and flexural strength were described using the literature survey. The majority of research studies on the usage of palm kernel shells in concrete manufacturing have found that they may be employed in solid concrete masonry blocks for the construction of low-cost housing. Keywords Palm Kernel Shell, Low Cost Construction, Compressive Strength, Agricultural Waste 1. Introduction Along with its enormous versatility and relative affordability in covering a wide range of purposes, concrete is the most widely used man-made and competitive building material on the planet. Concrete production is not only a valuable source of societal development, but also a significant source of employment [1]. The need to use alternative materials particularly locally available ones which can replace conventional materials used in concrete production makes the construction sustainable by reducing the environmental stresses and moreover the rising construction costs can be controlled. The use of cheaper building materials without loss of performance is very crucial to the growth of developing countries. The use of waste materials in construction contributes to conservation of natural resources and the protection of the environment [2]. Agricultural wastes have advantages over conventional materials in low cost construction [3]. Research on the use of agricultural waste as aggregate in concrete production, is relatively new. More research on the long-term durability of this type of concrete will give the construction industry more confidence in adopting it for more delicate projects. One of the environmental benefits of this technology that will be recognized by most sustainability rating systems is salvaging agricultural wastes that will end up being destroyed or disposed of in the environment in the form of aggregate for concrete production [4]. Concrete made using agricultural wastes has shown better thermal properties in research, which can result in sustainability points in the energy and atmosphere category of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - LEED rating system, among them: “Optimize Energy Performance” credit. As a result, using agricultural waste as aggregate in concrete manufacturing can help to make the material, and
Prospects of Metakaolin Admixed Palm Kernel Shell Solid Concrete Masonry Block: A Review
Apr 29, 2023
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