International Symposium International Symposium International Symposium International Symposium The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fis The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fis The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fis The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fis GBEP GBEP GBEP GBEP Tokyo International Forum Tokyo International Forum Tokyo International Forum Tokyo International Forum Prospects for Japan Shinya Y Tottori University of E sheries of Japan sheries of Japan sheries of Japan sheries of Japan 2011. 11. 17 n’s Biomass Energy Yokoyama Environmental Studies
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International SymposiumInternational SymposiumInternational SymposiumInternational Symposium
The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan
GBEPGBEPGBEPGBEP
Tokyo International ForumTokyo International ForumTokyo International ForumTokyo International Forum
Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy
Shinya Yokoyama
Tottori University of Environmental Studies
Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy
The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan 2011. 11. 17
Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy
Yokoyama
Tottori University of Environmental Studies
Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy
Transitions in Japan’s Primary Energy
Supply Volume
Oil
Natural
GasHydraulic
Power
Coal
Atomic
PowerNew Energy – Geothermal Energy, etc.
source: The ((((Fiscal year
Transitions in Japan’s Primary Energy
Supply Volume
Geothermal Energy, etc.
Non-fossil Energy
he Energy Whitepaper of the Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry((((2010))))
Fossil Energy
Fiscal year))))
Situation in the Use of Biomass in Japan
and the World
Europe
North America
Oceania
TOTAL
Africa
OECD
Biomass
Central America
China
The old Soviet Union
Non-OECD Europe
Middle East
China
Non-
OECD
Asia(((( China is excluded.))))
World TOTAL
((((Japan))))((((source))))
Situation in the Use of Biomass in Japan
and the World((((2007))))Primary Energy
SupplyBiomass
Share
Storage and Use Ratio of Biomass in Japan
((((2006
A n im a l fe c e s
A p p ro x im a te ly 8 7 m i llio n tU s e d a s c o m p o s t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly 9 0 %
Sto ra g e a n d U s e R a tio o f B io m a s s in J a p a n (2 0 0 6 )
U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch
U sed a s b u ild in g m a te r ia ls , c om pos t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly
Waste biomass S e w a g e s lu d g e
A p p ro x im a te ly 7 5 m illio n t
W a s te p a p e r A p p ro x im a te ly
B la c k liq u o r A p p ro x im a te ly
7 0 m ill io n t
source: Secretariat Materials for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry Biomass Utilization Promotion Committee
I
I
I
IU sed a s fe rt il iz e rs a nd a n im al fe e d a nd su ch
U se d a s m a te r ia ls fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g p a pe r a n d ca rd b oa rd , e n e rg y a nd s u ch
U sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r, b e dd in g m ate ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch
IU sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r a nd su ch
IU sed a s com pos t, fe ed , b e dd in g m a te ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch
U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch Waste biomass
Unused biomass
F o o d w a s te
A p p ro x im a te ly 2 0 m i llio n t
W a s te p a p e r A p p ro x im a te ly
3 7 m ill io n t
L u m b e r re s id u e s A p p ro x im a te ly
4 .3 m i llio n t
F o re s try re s id u e s A p p ro x im a te ly
3 .4 m i llio n t
N o n -e d ib le p o r tio n s o f fa rm c ro p s
A p p ro x im a te ly 1 4 m i llio n t
W o o d w a s te A p p ro x im a te ly
4 .7 m i llio n t
Storage and Use Ratio of Biomass in Japan
2006))))
I U s e d a s c o m p o s t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly 9 0 %
I U n u s e d
Sto ra g e a n d U s e R a tio o f B io m a s s in J a p a n (2 0 0 6 )
U s e d a s e n e rg y A p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 0 %
U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch A pp ro x im a te ly 6 0% U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 4 0 %
U sed a s b u ild in g m a te r ia ls , c om pos t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly 7 0%
A p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 %
U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 3 0 %
source: Secretariat Materials for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry Biomass Utilization Promotion Committee((((2010))))
I
*T h is is th e la te s t b io m a s s d a ta a s o f D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 6 .
U sed a s fe rt il iz e rs a nd a n im al fe e d a nd su ch A pp ro x im ate ly 2 0%
U n u s e d a p p ro x im a te ly 8 0 %
U se d a s m a te r ia ls fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g p a pe r a n d ca rd b oa rd , e n e rg y a nd s u ch A p p ro x im a te ly 9 5% I
U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 5 % U sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r, b e dd in g m ate ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch
A ppro x im a te ly 7 0% U nu sed A pp rox im a te ly 3 0%
U sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r a nd su ch A pp ro x im a te ly 2%
U sed a s com pos t, fe ed , b e dd in g m a te ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch App ro x im a te ly 3 0%
U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 7 0 %
H a rd ly u s e d
U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch A pp ro x im a te ly 6 0% U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 4 0 %
2002/1 Revised government ordinance for New Energy Law
2002/6 Adaption of Renewable energy Portfolio Standard
2003/4 Enforcement of RPS Law
2004/8 Solicitation for Biomass Town Concepts
2006/3 Review of the “Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies”
2006/5 New National Energy Plan from METI
2006/11 Bioethanol 6,000,000kL Concept
2007/2 Extensive Production of domestic Bio Fuels (progress chart)
2008/3 Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan
Toward Biomass Utilization in Japan
2008/3 Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan
2008/5 Agriculture, Forest and Marin Organism for Bioenergy Act
2009/9 Basic Law for Biomass Utilization Promotion
2009/8 Law for Enhancement of Energy Supply Structure
2009/12 Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan
2010/6 Basic Energy Plan
2010/12 Master Plan for Promotion of Biomass Utilization
2011/3/11 Cabinet Decision on a System
2011/8 Special Measure Law concerning procurement of recyclable energy electricity
by electricity entrepreneurs
( From July, 2012 to an enforcement schedule
System for Total Volume Purchase of Recyclable Energy
Revised government ordinance for New Energy Law
of Renewable energy Portfolio Standard(RPS) Law
Solicitation for Biomass Town Concepts
of the “Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies”
New National Energy Plan from METI
2006/11 Bioethanol 6,000,000kL Concept
Extensive Production of domestic Bio Fuels (progress chart)
Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan
Toward Biomass Utilization in Japan
Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan
2008/5 Agriculture, Forest and Marin Organism for Bioenergy Act
Basic Law for Biomass Utilization Promotion
Law for Enhancement of Energy Supply Structure
and Forestry Revitalization Plan
Master Plan for Promotion of Biomass Utilization
em for Total Volume Purchase of Recyclable Energy
Special Measure Law concerning procurement of recyclable energy electricity
From July, 2012 to an enforcement schedule )System for Total Volume Purchase of Recyclable Energy
Biomass Energy Conversion Technology
power generation
cogeneration
gasification
direct liquefaction
THERMOCHEMICAL
CONVERSIONpyrolysis
BIOMASS
direct liquefaction
indirect liquefaction
trans
alcohol fermentation
anaerobic digestion
solidification
carbonization
BIOCHEMICAL
CONVERSION
OTHERS
BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY
Conversion Technology
gaseous fuel
power generation
cogeneration
gasification
direct liquefaction
electricity
electricity, heat
oil
pyrolysis oil
direct liquefaction
indirect liquefaction
trans esterification
alcohol fermentation
anaerobic digestion
solidification
carbonization
oil
methanol, DME, gasoline
biodiesel
ethanol
methane
pellet
charcoal
BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY
Energy Utilization of woody Biomass and Plant Size
source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The second edition, 2005)
Energy Utilization of woody Biomass and Plant Size
source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The second edition, 2005)
Number of Plants Using Woody Biomass
Direct combustion for thermal use::::Direct combustion for power generation ::::((((including cogeneration))))Gasification::::
::::Pellet::::Liquid fuel production::::Solid fuel production::::Biethanol production::::Others::::Mixed treatment with food paste::::
source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)
Number of Plants Using Woody Biomass
162
:::: 111
29
126
3
10
3
11
3
source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)
Overview of Ethanol Production Processes
starch
sugar
hydrolysis
1st generation bioethanol
wood
hydrolysis
hydrolysispre-treatment
2nd generation bioethanol
Overview of Ethanol Production Processes
sugar
fermentation
fermentationhydrolysis distillationfermentation
fermentation
hydrolysis
hydrolysis
distillation
CO-PRODUCTS
Promotion of bio fuel manufacturing technology
development, efficiency proof, and practical application
Bioethanol((((31,000 kkkkL)
○○○○ Hokkaido-Bioetanol Inc., Hokuren, JA
Shimizu-cho, Kamikawa-gun, Hokkaido
Facility capability 15 thousand kkkkL Materials
○○○○ Oenon Holdings, Inc .
Tomakomaishi, Hokkaido
kkkkTomakomaishi, Hokkaido
Facility capability 15 thousand kkkkL
○○○○ National Federation of Agricultural Co
Niigata-shi, Niigata
Facility capability 1 thousand kkkkL
Bio diesel fuel ((((13 thousand kkkk○○○○ Toyama-shi, Toyama
Shiogama-shi, MIyagi
Iwaki-shi, Fukushima
Kyoto-shi, Kyoto
Promotion of bio fuel manufacturing technology
development, efficiency proof, and practical application
National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations ((((JA-zennoh))))Materials Inedible rice
kkkkL)
Biogas Production from Waste Biomass
Feedstock(animal dung,
garbage, sludge, etc)
decomposition
(solubilization)
Thermal utilization, Power generation
Cogeneration, Transport fuel, Fuel cellCogeneration, Transport fuel, Fuel cell
Liquid fertilizer, Compost
Biogas Production from Waste Biomass
decomposition
(solubilization)
substance of low
mol.weight
acid formationacid formation
biogas
waste water
treatment
Number of Plants Using Wastey Biomass
[Animal waste]
Thermal use of biogas:
Power generation of biogas:
Direct combustion:
Others:
[Animal and food waste]
Thermal use of biogas:
source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)
Thermal use of biogas:
[Food waste]
Power generation of biogas from solid waste:
Thermal use of biogas from solid waste:
Power generation of biogas from liquid waste:
Direct combustion for power and thermal use:
Gasification:
BDF production:
BDF production and use:
BIoethanol production:
Number of Plants Using Wastey Biomass
23
39
7
3
26
source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)
26
: 31
30
: 17
: 23
3
22
12
11
Forests and Forestry Revitalization Plan
Aiming at more than 50% self-
Toward an increase of lumber production volume
from 18 million m3 to 40 million
Basic concepts
1. Providing and Sustaining multi-functional roles of forests
2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional 2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional
resources
3. Contribution to a low-carbon society by expanding wood use for
material and energy by expanding wood use for both material and energy
Points to be considered
1. Enhancement of forestry administration and technology
2. Use of forest resources
3. System innovations and effective budget use
Forests and Forestry Revitalization Plan
-supply ratio of lumber by 2020
Toward an increase of lumber production volume
to 40 million—50 million m3
functional roles of forests
2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional 2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional
carbon society by expanding wood use for both
material and energy by expanding wood use for both material and energy
1. Enhancement of forestry administration and technology
3. System innovations and effective budget use
Prospects for the use of Biomass
○○○○ Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies
○○○○ Basic Law for Promotion of use of Biomass
○○○○ Law on Agriculture, Forestry and Marin Organism for Biofuel
○○○○ Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan
○○○○ “Sixth industrialization” of rural area
☆☆☆☆ Vitalization of rural Area ☆☆☆☆ Nurturing of strategic industries
☆☆☆☆ Employment promotion ☆☆☆☆ Strengthening of international competitiveness
☆☆☆☆ Stable supply of food ☆☆☆☆ Diversification of energy supply sources
☆☆☆☆ Prevention of global warming ☆☆☆☆ Realization of a cyclical society
☆☆☆☆ Utilization of biomass debris for reconstruction after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake
○○○○ “Sixth industrialization” of rural area
○○○○ Feed-in tariff system for renewable energy
Prospects for the use of Biomass
Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies
Basic Law for Promotion of use of Biomass
Law on Agriculture, Forestry and Marin Organism for Biofuel
Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan
“Sixth industrialization” of rural area
Nurturing of strategic industries
Strengthening of international competitiveness
Diversification of energy supply sources ☆☆☆☆ Establishment of village
Realization of a cyclical society
Utilization of biomass debris for reconstruction after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake