Prospects and Impediments on Advanced Reactor Technology Development and Deployment (Including IAEA Supporting Activities) Stefano Monti Section Head Nuclear Power Technology Development Department of Nuclear Energy IAEA TM on Technology Assessment of Small Modular Reactors for Near Term Deployment 2 – 5 October 2017, Tunis, Tunisia
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Prospects and Impediments on Advanced
Reactor Technology Development and
Deployment (Including IAEA Supporting Activities)
Stefano Monti
Section Head Nuclear Power Technology Development
Department of Nuclear Energy
IAEA TM on Technology Assessment of Small Modular Reactors for Near Term Deployment2 – 5 October 2017, Tunis, Tunisia
• FR can be adapted to different national nuclear policy and needs:– Can operate as a breeder
– Can operate as burner (to minimize Pu stockpiles and reduce waste)
– FRs are proven, mature technology that can guarantee sustainable energy source for the
future generations
Opportunities
• High capital cost as currently it is some 30-50% higher than the project
cost of an evolutionary reactor
• Competitiveness depends on the uranium price
• Operation and Maintenance are more challenging than for WCRs
Challenges
IAEA is engaged to support Member States in
FR Technology Development and Deployment
IAEA Activities on Fast Reactors
CURRENT
TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
EVENTS
& CRPsOUTPUTS
Annual Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast ReactorsThe Driving Force
International Conference GIF-IAEA Workshops on Safety of SFR
Reviewing the report on Safety
Design Criteria and Safety Design
Guidelines for SFRs
i. 0 ms ii. 50
ms
iii. 100
ms
iv. 150
ms
v. 200 ms
IAEA Activities on Fast Reactors
CURRENT
TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
EVENTS
& CRPsOUTPUTS
Experimental facilities Database
FR Knowledge Preservation Portal
Technical Documents Conference papers/proceedings
Gas-Cooled Reactor Technology
CURRENT
TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
EVENTS
& CRPsOUTPUTS
Family of gas cooled reactors (Magnox, AGRs)
• Many GCRs constructed but only 14 AGRs
remains in operation in the UK
• Recent good performance: Record 940 days of
continuous operation for Heysham unit II (in 2016)
• All will be closed in the mid to late 2020’s
High temperature reactors with coated particle fuel
and helium as coolant were also developed
• 3 prototype and 2 demonstration units
• The technology was established and many
lessons learned
Gas-Cooled Reactor Technology
CURRENT
TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
EVENTS
& CRPsOUTPUTS
High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors are one of the Innovative Technologies (Gen-IV )
Future
0
High efficiency with gas turbines
0
SteelmakingGas to liquid
Ammonia fertilizerOil refining
Tar sands oil extractionPulp & paper production
District heating
600300 900
o
C
Industrial heat applications
Modular HTGRs (<600MWth) designs under development
• Technology and materials to up to 850 oC outlet
temperatures ready for deployment
• The HTR-PM commercial demonstration plant in China
scheduled for operation in 2018
• Technology development areas are high-temperature
materials, hydrogen production, compact IHX
HTR-PM 600
Gas-Cooled Reactor Technology
CURRENT
TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
EVENTS
& CRPsOUTPUTS
• The enhanced safety characteristics (practically no release form fuel under all accident conditions)
• The supply of high-temperature process heat give access to the total energy market (not only electricity)
• Attractive option for newcomer countries with smaller grids, need for industrial heat and less-developed infrastructure
Opportunities
• Development of simplified but still appropriate Licensing and Regulatory Frameworks for HTGRs – many systems are no longer required or have no safety function
• Coated particle fuel costs are expected to be higher
• Co-location with process heat users (petro-chemical industry, hydrogen production plant) requires additional studies, but also different models of ownership and commercial deployment.
Challenges
IAEA Activities on Gas-Cooled Reactor Technology
CURRENT
TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
EVENTS
& CRPsOUTPUTS
• TM of the Technical Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors (TWG-GCR),
30 October – 1 November
• TM on on the Status of the IAEA Nuclear Graphite Knowledge Base