Proposed Syllabus For B.Sc.(Honours) PHYSICS ... · C7. Digital Systems and Applications C8. Mathematical Physics III C9.Elements ofModern Physics CIO. Analog Systems and Applications

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Ranchi Women's College, Ranchi(AnAutonomous Unit of Ranchi University from 2012)

Proposed Syllabus For B.Sc. (Honours) PHYSICS

UNDERCHOICEBASEDCREDITSYSTEM (CBCS)

From

Academic Session 2018-2019

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CORE COlm:iE ! I(14 Papers, CI to C14) I 14x4= 56 I

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Core Course Practical i I(14 Papers. CI Prac. To CI4 Prac.) I 14x2=28

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ELECT'IVE COURSI~ .(8 Papers)

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PROPOSED SCHEME FOR CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM INB. Sc. Honours (PHYSICS)

-----rAE:C----r-iile~ih;~-- T--£iective--T-Tot-~l--!IIElective :1' DSE i Generic I Credits i

, , Ii Course i (4 Papers) , (4 Papers) I !1 (SEC) ,I I i, I skill based : I!

~-----+--M-at-h-e-ll1-a-ti-c-al---+---------------I,I--(~-t;_~[J~'~.L __~ --------- ----('J'-E_-',--, ---11------------'I Physics-I Eng./A/Jr Comnt' ", I (4+2 ~ 6 credits) Ie,,,. Sc. (Gcredits) !

Mechanics (2 credits)

~~e:~~c~t~~di~S) ---------- -----1 1----------- -"1- ---------Magnetism Env. s-. :(;[·2 i

Ii ,I If (4+2= 6 credits) Ellg./I\!IlL ('(11m," ! (6 credits) i 20! Waves alldOPti~~ (2 credits) I~-------t---'L~4~:-:-t~-=-n-~a-~-:-::-~--'-\i_ts--'-)_t- -- ----- ----r-----' ---- ----(- -----------t--- .1.-- -- ----1

Ii Physics-Il ! I ii I I

(4+2= 6 credits) IThermal Physics !(4+2 7'6 credits) I

1----'----- '1Digita I Systems I

and Applications J ii' .f----+-'-~-:-~-:-h-=-I~-~~:;-~l-!i-lts-"')--+l--------- ---+--------+--------+-------------L--------,!I Physics-If!! iii ·! ~4+2 c-= 6 credl~: EI~~1elltsof I

II IV Moder,n Physics II (4+2 =-c 6 credits_)__ <

IAnalogSystems

! &Applicationsf----- _---+---'..C 4+2 = 6 c_r_e_d_it--,s)--t---

Quantum

CORECOURSE(14 Papers)

SEM AEC •CompulsoryCourse (AECC)(2 Papers)

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, V (4+2 = 6 credits) II Solid----i

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SEM COURSE..--_-_.

Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course-lCore course-I -_,----_ ..Core Course-I Practical/Tutorial ----I Core course- IICore Course- II Practical/Tutorial . ---"Generic Elective -I

----Generic Elective - I Practical/Tutorial----_.__ - -- ._--Abi Iity Enhancement Compu IsoryCourse- r I-;:::-- ---_._---------Core course-III

-_._-Core Course-l II Practical/Tutorial

II ---Core course- IV ---.----.-I Core Course-Tv Practical/Tutorial

I ~~ric Elective-2----_._,_,- .._---

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r- Generic Elective -2 Practical/Tutorial----~Core course- VCore Course- V Practical/Tutorial

--Core course- V I

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~ Generic Elective -3 Practical/T utorial- -~---.-.---.-----..-

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CORE PAPEH.S

(Credit: 4+2 = 6 each, Lectures: Theory-of), Practical-of(1 period/week for tutorials or -lperiocs/week for practice )

Cl. Mathematical Physics-IC2. MechanicsC3. Electricity and MagnetismC4. Waves and OpticsCS. Mathematical Physics-IlC6. Thermal PhysicsC7. Digital Systems and ApplicationsC8. Mathematical Physics IIIC9. Elements of Modern PhysicsCIO. Analog Systems and ApplicationsCll. Quantum Mechanics and ApplicationsC 12. Solid State PhysicsC 13. Electromagnetic TheoryC14. Statistical Mechanics

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECT1VE PAPERS

(Credit: 06 each, Lectures: Thc()l y-75 Tu!ori,d-15)(DS.L~_]_to f)S_[ 4)

f. Nuclear and Particle Physics (5) -t- Tutorials (/J2. Classical Dynamics (5) + Tutorials (1)3. Dissertation (oj·f. Experimental Techniques (4) ! Lab (2)5. Astronomy and Astrophysics (5) + TUloricds \! )6. Earth Science (5) + Tutorials (])7. Medical Physics (4) + Lab (2)8. Biophysics (5) + Tutorials (1)

Note: Dissertation should be a preferable choice [ISOli(' ofthe usr: ill ~knlestel' VI.

GENERIC: EIJEC"f'iVr:

From Other Discipline (Four papers GE 1 to (iE 4, Credits: 6 ''':Cll'h)

GE: Mathematics (Theory-: + Tll/(Jrioi-/)

Orany one of the f'gJlo_\ving sLili.L·~JSJL_I~

~~~~)3CV/I.Chemistry (4) -\ Lab (2)2. Economics (5) + Tut (1)3. Computer Science (4) + Lab ~~

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CORE COURSE (HONOU}{S IN PHYSICS)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEMES'I'ER]------------------------------------------------ .._---------_.--------------------_ .._------------------

PHYSICS-C 1:MATIIE['v:r'\TICAL PHYSICS.I(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-(2)Theory: 60 Lectur-es

The emphasis ofcourse is on applications in solving problems ofinterest to physicistsThe students are to be examined entirely on the basis ofproblems. seen and unseen.

Calculus:First OrderDifferential and Integrating Factor ..Second Order Differential equations:Homogeneous Eq uations with constant cocfficienrs. Wronsk ian and genera Isolution.Statement of existence and lJniquelles.~'rllccm':lll Cor Initial Value Prol.Iems.Particular Integralfor typical source terms like puiynomiais. cxponentiul. SiIIC. cosine etc andtheir combinations (12+3= 15 Lectures)

Calculus of multivariablefunctiol1s: Partial dcrivati ves. exact and incxactdi lferentials.Integrating factor. with simple illusuurion.Consrrained iVlaxirnil'dtiul1usil1g LagrangeMultipliers. (6 Lectures)

Vector Calculus:Recapitulation of vectors: Properties of vectors under rotations. Scalar product anditsinvariance under rotations. Vectorproduct. Scalar triple product and [heir geometricalinrcrpretation.Scalar and Vector fields. (~ Lectures)

Vector Differentiation: Directional derivatives and normal der: valivc.Craliicm of (.IS(,(11;1,· !!eldand its geometrical intellJrelation.Divergcncc and curl of a vector field.Deland Laplacianoperators.Vector identities. (10 Lectures)

Vector Integration: Line, surface and volume III

Clauss' divergence theorem, Green's and Sl():«~s! ilcc'rcJlJ:; and :h('il' ~lpp!ic;ilj(ms (il(> : igu(uusproofs).Dirac Delta function and its properties (14+3== 17Le('tures)

Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates:Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates.Expresxion for Gradient. Divergence. Curl and I aplacinnin orthogonal curvilinear co-ord inates.Deri vation (Ir C r,te! iCIlL Divergence. Curl and Laplacianin Cartesian, Spherical and Cylindricnl C),miin,[L: is. LL'cfuITS)

Reference Books:Mathematical Methods for PhysiCists C.B . Arlkeu, Ii..! Web...:r, 17.1'. 1Iani-; :20 i 3.llh Fein,Elsevier.An introduction to ordinary differential equations. [ /\. Coddington. 2009, PIli learningDifferential Equations. George F. Simmons. 2(J(J7. '\lcCir:m Hill.Mathematical Tools for PhYSI,,;S, .lanics ~~'-"iri'l!' :0 I () [\1Vn PublicationsMathematical method, for SCiClltIS['; ;!IId Il~':'i:'. I) :\. i\!n)licl:·,i,;. ~)()(U. VI\ a fluukAdvanced Engineering ;Vlatilcll1alic'\. D.G. /i;1 '!,:ei \1/.; vVr,t:TI! '; Lei. 2(1]2 . .iuiit";;ili"lBartlett LearningAdvanced Engineeri ng Matllcl1lal il'~;,1:1 wi 11 I( rcy~;z ig. ::000. \V i ley [Ild iaEssential Mathematical Mctlwds. 1<'.F.Riky&~,l.l'.1 !ph':oll 20 II. Calilhridgc Lilli,. Pr.>.::;Mathematical Physics. B. D. Crupt<1.Mathematical Physics. U. S. rcUPU[M,lthel11atical r'ilvsics. II. !( D;,s:;Mathematical methuds ill PhysIcs.!' ];[,i!,( .•..rVlathematicallllethocls ill 1111\ SIC,. ;'()il"! ;:hi ; J; , •

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PHYSICS LAB- C 1 LAB60 Lectures

.................................................... " .The aim of this Lab is not just to teach computer programming and numerical analysisbut toemphasize its role in so/ving problems in Physics.• Highlights the use ofcomputational methods 10 solve physico! problems• The course will consist of lectures (both theorv and practical) in the Lob• Evaluation done no! on the programming hut Oil the basis oIIoi'lI/lIlu/in;.!; the !)/'()h!CIl1

• Aim at teaching students to construct the computational problem 10 he solved• Students can use anyone operating system Lil~l~y_!!Lyic~:o.\(_}ji__~~~~'!!!!W,\_. . ._. _

Top ics - _l!~~~_t_:_!J_l!_!l<2_l_l~~_ith_A I?J)~i~~ti 0ns _Introduction and Overview Computer architecture and organization, memory

andlnpuL!outPlil devices .

If-B--a-s-ic-,S--O~f-s-cl:-·e-n-t-:-ifi-:::-.IC-C-O-l1-1~-)-u--:ti-n-g-t~B--:i-n--a~r)'-i-----a~21------d(:ci-iIlar---_;;;Ttfli:;-;C:~tTc~---f;l~;~;;T;~g------l;(;iJI-L-'

numbers.algoruhn«, Scqucilce, Selection and Repetition.singleand double precision arithmetic, underflow&overflowcmph'lsil.Ct!ll: importance of making equations in

l termsof_~Jj_l_l1ensL(~1~j~?_s__\~~~£les_J~~rat_i~~~etho_ds ,I Errors and error Analysis Truncation and round oft' errors, Absolute and relativecrrorsI Floating poi_~l[c:~~lpL~l~t~)~l~ ._._. _nzeview of C & C++ Introduction to Programming. constants, variables anddataI Programmingfundamentals types, operators (Inc! Fxpressions. I/O starements.scanf and

I· printf. c ill and c out. Manipulators for dataforrnarting. Control

statements (decision making aIllilooping statemcntx) (il-I statement. If-els« Suuernent. Nested if' Structure. Else-i]j Staten/en! Fen/un' Operator. Gulo Statement. 5,\liicitI Statement. Uncondii i( inu! undtonditional L(j()pini.~. While

I Loop. Do- While l.oop. roRLooj!. Dl'eok and ContimrcStatements Nested L(Jops)j\rrays (ID & 2D) and strillgs. llserL +·1~~1~~~:I. IllflCllUIlS~ llllelu les ':_d_IJIlIOIl> IdCII_O I classes all d •

I Programs: . Sum & dvna.l;c pi J liol ci numbcrs. l:lIL~t:sl of (1 givclilis: ui'

I I numbers clnd·· it:; lueation ill lhe lisl. s~)["ljng oi'in:ll1hc!'s inasccndilll': descendi orcier Billarv searchf.---. .__.,~__..__ . . __.__ _ ---'- . .. _ _.. _

L Random number generation Area of c:_ircl_~:_[~~,,;~!uf~ll~':1rc~_\~~~ __l_l~_().L~phere. \:.<:t~~~ol_'!__ ,I Solution of Algebraic and Solution of lineai and quadratic equation. solvingo. == tanu: / _= .! Transcendentalequations by 10 [(SinG f in opticsi Bisection. Newton Il_B:aphsonand Secant methods L----...- ._I Interpolation by Newton EvaluZllion ofI Greuorv Forwardandb •

I Backward difference formula,I Errorestimation.

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rT'tlTli.' iLi:l',liow '-'.g. slIil1, (.'U.lo'tOi!O. ele.

Also attempt some problems on difiercllli:1i "qLldliull,': iikt.::I. Solve the coupled first orcier ciiIT'I'c'I,li;d '.'r_'.,!;i::OiF

dx x-= v+x---dt' Jdy-=-xdlfor four initial conditions ;...;(0) cc.

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2. The ordinary differential equation cJescribi:!g tile motion of a pendulum is

{)"= -sine {))

The pendulum is released from rest at an angular displacement (f i.c. () (0) coo n, ()'(O) =O. Use the RK4 method to solve the equation for o.= 0.1. 0.5 and !.O and plot ,9 as afunction of time in the range 0 S t S gn. Also, plot the analytic solution valid in thesmall {) (sin{) ::::;{)).

3. Solve the differential equation:? d2y dy .

x---? -4x(l+x)-+2(l+x)y=x'dx' dx

with the boundary conditions:at x ccc l . y "--= (li2)e2, dy/dx = -(_l/»)c'-O ..5, in the rangelS x S 3. Plot y and dy/dxagainst x in the given range. Both should appear en thesame graph.

Referred Books:Introduction to Numerical Analysis. S.S. S'iS[ry. 5111Edn .. 2012. PHI Ll:'(lrnillg Pvt. Lid.Schaum's Outline of Programming with C-t-+ . .i. Huhbard, 2000, McGni\,Hiil Pub.Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing. W.H. Pressetal. 3l'd Edn., 2007,Cambridge University Press.A first course in Numerical Methods, U.ivl. i\sciJer& C. Greif, 2012. PHI Learning.Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E. Atkinson. J I' cI Edn .. .2 007 . 'v\ iley India EditionNumerical Methods for Scientists & Engineers. R.\\'. Hamming, 19;_-;, Courier Dover Pub.An Introduction to computational Physics T Pang, 2nd Edn - 200G.Cmnbricige Uuiv. Press

Analytical Mechanics, G.R. Fowles <melCi L. C ils.';i(i<I). ='(J()5. CCllgage Leill'l1ing.Feynrnan Lectures, Vol. I, R.P.Feynllwn, R.l3.Leighlon, !VI.S'lIlcis. 2008, Pearson LducationIntroduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick. ~!()05. John Wiley and Sons.University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 20UJ. ThoIILC',1 Brooks/Cole. fr

Additional Books for Reference )Ill Ii j• Mechanics, D.S. Mathur, S. Chand rind COliiP'l;;Y 1 !Ii i,d..:(;()() ~~19-/. University Physics. P.W Sears, M.W ,/:t'lllilllSky i i ]) '((lliil:~I }ie. I ()X6 .. \ddis(1n We+"

\~. ~~~~~;c~O;a~~ii:I';ists alld ElIgiIlCCI·S"ith M"dan PI,,·s.J.W. ""Cll. RA '~Cr~\\~i\ ~'(~.~~ f-Il/l / . ( /Theoretical Mechanics, M.R. Spiegel. 2UI)6 Tm:l \1"':( :1':1\\ [ li!L .ct 'r L'V"-J H

" 'Y

---------------------------------------------------------------_ .._----------------------------------------PJ-IYSICS-C II: lVIECHANICS

(Credits: Thcory-Oc, Practica Is (2)Theory: 60 Lectures

........... , ~..Rotational Dynamics: Angular momentum of a particle and system ofparticles. Torgue. Principle of conservation of angular momentum.Moment ofInertia.Calculation of moment 'of inertia for rectangular. cyl indrical andsphericalbodies.Kinetic energy of rotation. Motion involving both translation androtation, (12Lectures)

Elasticity.Elastic constants and interrelation between them.Searle's Method .Twistingtorgue on a Cylinder or Wire and twisting couple. (5+2=7 Lectures)

Flexure of beam: Bending of beam, Cantilever. {SLcctures)

Surface Tension: Ripplesand Gravity waves, Determination of Surface Tension by Jaeger'sand Quinke's methods. Temperature dependance of SurCacc Tension. (6 Lectures)Fluid Motion: Kinematics of Moving Fluids, velocity profile: Poiscuilles Equation for Flowofa Liquidthrough a Capillary Tube and the corrections. (4Lcctures)

Central Force Motion:Motion of a particle under a central force field. Two-body problemand its reduction toone-body problem and its solution ..Keplersl.aws.Satellite in circular orbitand applications. Geosynchronous orbits. Weightlessness.Basic idea of global positioningsystem (GPS).Physiologica! effects onastronauts. (6 Lectures]

OsciJIations: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Differential equation of SHM anditssolution.Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-averagevalues.Damped oscillation. Forced oscillations: Transient and steady states:Resonance.sharpness of resonance; power dissipation ami Quality Facto!'.

(8 Lectures)

Special Theory of Relativity: Galilean uansformations: Galilean invariance.Michelson­Morley Experiment and its outcome.Postulates Dr Special Theory of Relativity.LorentzTransformatious.Lorentz contraction.Time diLtt!C111 Relativistic transformation oi'velo('iiY.frequency and wave number.Relativistic addition uf velocities, Variation ofrnass withvelocity.Massless Particles.Mass-energy Equivalence RcJalivislic Dopplcreffect Rci(ltivisticKinematics.Transformation of Energy and 'VIOIlICIllUill. Energy-Momenturn Mink owski spaceand Four Vector. (12 Lectures)

Reference Books:An introduction to mechanics, D. Klepp.ier. 1".. .I.!< lelik".,\. 1973. rvkGlllv-Hil!Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol. 1~('.1<; rcl. \V.i<l·ll.~_~ht~cr.al. 2007, 'r,1!d I\ic(jf(,\,,-·j'llil.Physics, Resnick, Halliday and \Valkt'i" ~iit:.20(;/),

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A textbook of General Physics, Edsel'Fluid mechanics, KaufmannA treatise of hydro mechanics, Basant and Ramsay.Oscillations and waves, Satya Prakash.A textbook of oscillation, waves and ACOllstICS. M. Ghosh and D. Bhattacharya

------------------------------------------,-------------------------------------------------------------_ ..-PHYSICS LA B-C II LAB

60 Lectures.................................................................................................. ~ ~ ' f , t , " , ~ ..

l. Measurements of length (or diameter) using verniercalipcr, screw gaugeand TravellingMicroscope2. To determine Coefficient of Viscosity of water by Capillary Flow Mcthodcl'oiseuillesmethod).3. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a bar by method of bending.4. To determine the elastic Constants ofa wire by Searle's method.5. To determine the value of g using Bar Pendulum.6. To determine the value of g using Kater's Pendulum.

Reference Books• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, AsiaPublishing House• Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon i'vl. Ogborn. 4th Edition.reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers• A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Ramakrishna, i 1til Edn, 201 I. Kilab Mahal.

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SEMESTER 11

PHYSICS-C III: ELECTRICiTY AND MAGNKrlSrVI(Credits: Theory-04, Praeticals-02)

Theory: 60 Lectures

Electric Field and Electric PotentialElectric field: Electric field lines. Electric flux.Gauss' T..,<.1wwith applications to chargedistributions with spherical, cylindrical and planar symmetry.ftit.ectures)

Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field.Elecrrostaric Potential. Laplaces andPoissonEquations and their solutions .The Uniqueness Theorem. Potential and Electric Fielddue to a dipole. Force and Torque on a dipole. (6Lectures)

Electrostatic energy of system of charges. Conductors in an electrostatic Field. Surface chargeand force on a conductor. Parallel-plate capacitor.Capacitance of an isolated conductor.

(J 0 Lectures)Dielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter. Polarization, PolarizationCharges.Electrical Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant. Capacitor (parallel plate, spherical,cylindrical) filled with dielectric. Displacement vector D. Relations between E. P and D.Gauss' Law in dielectrics. (8 Lectures;

Magnetic Field: Magnetic force between current clements and definition of lviagneticFieldB. Biot-Savarts Law and its simple applications: straight wire and circular loop. CurrentLoop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Dipole Moment (Analogy with Electric Dipole). Ampere'sCircuital Law and its application to (1) Solenoid and (2) Toroid. Properties of B: curl anddivergence. Vector Potential.Magnetic Force on (l) on poi lit C.11DI·gJ:: (2) O!1CUiTCill u,iivIngwire (3) between current elements.Torque on a current loop ill a uniform Magnetic Field.

(11 Lectures)

Magnetic Properties of Matter: Magnetization vector' (M). Magnetic lntensityr+l).Magnetic Susceptibility and permeability.Relation between B, H, M. Ferromagnetisrn.B-Hcurve and hysteresis. (4 Lectu res)

Electromagnetic Induction: Recapitulation ofl-aradavs Law. Lenzs l.aw.Self Inductanceand Mutual Inductance. Superposition Theorem.Reciprocity Theorem. Energy stored 111 aMagnetic Field. Introduction to Maxwell ,; Equations. Charge Conservation andDisplacement current. (6 Lectures)

Electrical Circuits: AC Circuits: Kirchhoff's laws fot !\C circuits. Complex Reactance andImpedance. Series LCR Circuit: (1) Resonance. (2) !)OWt;[' Dissipation and (3) Quality Factor.and (4) Band Width. Parallel LCR Circuit. (7 Lectures)

Ballistic Galvanometer: Torque on a current j .unp. Ballistic Galvanometer: CUIT('111

, Charge Sensitivity. Electromagnetic damping.Logarithmic dalllping.CDR.(4 Lectures)

:> \ \\ 1!7.enE~clle:Cc?111:~I·~Ol~ttl))~..~,:r~a1)a!a:l1leDtI:SCI1•1·& E'.Iectro rna ,'....'.1_,. '.~ ',',' ,. ',"! ',!. ''',' .•, .,••••,. •••..,...•, ~~. '" ,V~, 'c: _ '" _ :'.lcli1ajan ,1:iCI (hnlldhury r) i .'.

McGraw

,Electricity and Magnetism, Edward VI. Purcel!, ; \)86 i\iLCJra'.r:/ff.dLlC;!liOIi

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Introduction to Electrodynamics, DJ. Griffiths. .lrd Edn., 1998, Benj,unin Cummings.Feynman Lectures Yol.2, R.P.Feynlllan. R.n ! .cighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson EdllcationElements of Electromagnetics, M.N.O. Sadiku 20 I0, Oxford University Press.Electricity and Magnetism,J.H.Fewkes&J.'rili\\ooci. Vol. L 1991, Oxford Univ. Press.Electricity and Magnetism, Chattopadhyaya dllci RakshitElectricity and Magnetism, Mahajan and R'tJl~2.\\aLi

Electricity and Magnetism, K. K. Tewary.

---------------------------------------------------------------_._------------------------------------_.----PHYSICS LAB-C HI LAB

60 Lectures••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• , •••••••• I ••••• " ••••• , •••••••••• , •••••••• , ••• ~ , ••

I. Use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DCCllrrenL(d) Capacitances, and (e) Checking electrical fuses2. To study the characteristics of a series IZCCircuit.3. To compare capacitances using DeSautys bridge.4. To determine self inductance of a coil by Anderson s bridge.5. To study response curve of a Series LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonantfrequencv.(b) Impedance at resonance, (c) Quality factor (2. Cl (d) Bane! width.6. To study the response curve of a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a)Antiresonantfrequency and (b) Quality factor Q.7. Measurement of charge and current sensitivity and CDR of BallisticGalvanometer

Reference Books• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Fliut (~!ic! Il.T. WU:'SllOP, 1971. F.:;iai'tllJlisllil!g HU<I,c• '\ Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Rcl!iHlkrl::!:liii,i I th Ed., 201 I, Kirab Mahal• Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson ,[lid jon [\11. Ogliol'l1, 4th Editio!J,reprillt,,(~ : 985.Heinemann Educational Publishers• A Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D.P.KhandelwaL 1985, Vani Pub.

---------------------------------------------------------------.~-------------------------------------------PHYSICS-C IV: \-\lAVES AND OPTICS

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-U'Z)Theory: 60 Lectures

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Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. PlaneProgressive (Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation.Particle and Wave Velocities. DifferentialEquation.Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport.Inrensity of Wave. \VatcrWaves: Ripple and Gravity Waves. (6 Lectures)

Velocity of Waves: Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Velocity ofLongitudinal Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe.Newtous FOI'1Dula for Velocity of Sound.l.aplaccsCorrection. (6 Lectu res)

Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light.Definition and properties of wavefront.Huygens Principle. Temporal and Spatial Cohcrence.(S Lectures)

Interference: Division of amplitude and wavefront. Young's double slit experiment. Lloyd'sMirror and Fresnel's Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes' treatment. Interference inThin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (HeidingerFringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton's Rings: Measurement ofwavelength and refractive index. (12 Lectures)

Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer-r l ) Idea 0 j' form of fringes (No theory required),(2) Determination of Wavelength, (3) WavelengTh Difference. (4) Refractive Index, and (5)Visibility of Fringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer theory and applications.ui Lectures)

Diffraction: Kirchhoff's Integral Theorem, Fresnel-Kirchhoff's Integral formula and itsapplication to rectangular slit. (6 Lectures)

Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit.Circular aperture, ){csohing Power of a telescope. Singleslit. Double slit. Multiple slits. Diffraction grating.Res()l\ iug power of grating.

(10 Lc,'{urcs)

Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel's Assumptions. FI'CSllC!':;Half-Period :t_UilCSill!" Plane Wave.Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light. 111('01'.\/ of d Zone Plate: Multiple l-oci of aZone Plate. Fresnel's Integral, Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and (I wire.

(9 Lectures)

V 'Reference Books /.\/

• Waves a~d Acoustics, P ..K. Chal(l:ah(~rty and S:lly(ib"~ll(l Chowdhury. V• Introduction to Geometrical and PI1.)'S."C"I OPllCS, R, K Mathur, ~ ,A]1 ; .»:• Optics, Singh and Agarwal. ~~ y (.)~,• Geometrical and Phy.sical Optics, P. K_:Chakr(ll)or~y. -v rv r ~. . .' '. ~ ~

• Waves: Berkeley PhYSICS Course, vol. 3, Francis u·'}lviord.10()7, rata ~vlc(J!'C}\\'-HIII.

fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins nne! H.E. White, 1CJk L i'v1c.GI"iw·,Hill ,---Principles of Optics, Max Born and E!.llil \\loif, 7lil.i:.ci!l , I (.J 99. pel.gm1l0.il.prt'S:;»!9~' 09Optics, AjoyGhatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill ,7--"The Physics ofVibrations and Waves, II. .I. Pain. 201 J . John Wiley and SUIlS, rt VThe Physics of Waves and Oscillation s, N.K, Ba",;' 1'J9~ Met~"L:'..._~r

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60 Lectures.................................................. , •• ~ •• ~ ••••• ~ ••• ~ •• f f , .

J. Familiarization with: Schuster's focusing; determination of angle of prism.2. To determine refractive index of the Material of a prism using sodium source.3. To determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the material of aprism usingmere,4. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton's Rings.5. To determine wavelength of (1) Na source and (2) spectral lines of Hg sourceusing planediffraction grating.6. To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.

Reference Books• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asial'ublishing House• A Text Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash & Ramakrishna, l l th Ed., 20 I I, Kitablvlahal• Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition.reprinted I()85,Heinemann Educational Publishers• A Laboratory Man ual of Physi cs for und ergra duate c1'sees, [),p,Khande1wal, 1985, Van~~

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