PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd PO Box 32542 Totiusdal 0134, T +27 12 332 5305 F: +27 86 675 8077 Reg No 2003/008940/07 PROPOSED REALIGNMENT OF GAUGING WEIRS DOWNSTREAM OF THE BULSHOEK DAM AND IN THE DORING RIVER, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE Phase 1 – Heritage Impact Assessment Issue Date - 3 December 2015 Revision No. - 2 Project No. - 131HIA
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PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd PO Box 32542 Totiusdal 0134, T +27 12 332 5305 F: +27 86 675 8077
Reg No 2003/008940/07
PROPOSED REALIGNMENT OF GAUGING WEIRS DOWNSTREAM OF THE BULSHOEK DAM AND IN THE DORING RIVER, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE
Phase 1 – Heritage Impact Assessment
Issue Date - 3 December 2015
Revision No. - 2
Project No. - 131HIA
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River ii
Declaration of Independence
The report has been compiled by PGS Heritage, an appointed Heritage Specialist for Zitholele
Consulting. The views stipulated in this report are purely objective and no other interests are
displayed during the decision making processes discussed in the Heritage Impact Assessment
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River iii
Date - 11 November 2015
Document Title - Proposed realignment of gauging weirs downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in
the Doring River, Western Cape Province
Control Name Signature Designation
Author W. Fourie
Heritage Specialists/
Principal Investigator
Reviewed K. Tilakram
Zitholele Consulting
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PGS Heritage (PGS) was appointed by Zitholele Consulting to undertake a Heritage Impact
Assessment (HIA) that forms part of the Basic Environmental Impact Report (BAR) for the proposed
realignment of the gauging weirs downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring river, Western
Cape Province.
The following section provides a summary of the project locality, scope, heritage resources,
envisaged impacts and recommendations as required by Heritage Western Cape (HWC) in the 12
March 2014 circular.
1 SITE NAME
Bulshoek - and Doring river gauging weirs, Clanwilliam and Klawer, Western Cape Province
2 LOCATION
Bulshoek gauging weir Doring river gauging weir
Erf and farm number:
Portion 10, Farm - Kromme Valley 117 and
Portion 1, Farm - Bulshoek 583
Coordinates: 31°59'33.37S 18°47'18.38E
Cederberg district, Cederberg Local
Municipality
Erf and farm number:
Portion 178, Farm - Annex Mielie Draai 384
Coordinates: 31°51'45.48"S 18°41'9.70"E
Matzikama District, Matzikama Local
Municipality
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River v
3 LOCALITY PLAN
4 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) has identified two existing gauging weirs, the
gauging weir directly downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and the Doring River gauging weir, along
the Olifants River system that is currently located at an angle to the direction of river flow. The
DWS therefore intends to realign the weir and gauging infrastructure to be located at a right
angle (i.e. perpendicular) to the direction of water flow, further upgrading the existing gauging
instrumentation and engineering additional scour and erosion prevention infrastructure along
the flanks. The weirs and gauging structure will function to provide information on the
magnitude of flows in the Olifants River. The existing Doring River Weir is located within the
Doring River which is a tributary of the Olifants River. The proposed realigned Doring River Weir
will be constructed on the footprint of the existing gauging weir, which will be demolished first.
The realigned gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam will be constructed approximately
20 meters upstream of the existing gauging weir within the Olifants River. Graded rocks placed
in a layer (i.e. riprap) will be employed as a means for providing river bank and scour protection.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River vi
The graded rocks will be sourced from a rock outcrop upstream of the Doring River gauging weir
that will be blasted.
5 HERITAGE RESOURCES IDENTIFIED
5.1.1 Gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam
a) Site BHW 001
GPS: 31º 59’ 32.8” S 18º 47’ 18.6” E
The existing gauging weir is situated approximately 20m further downstream of the
proposed development of the new weir. This weir is brick and cement built and measures
approximately 112m in length and approximately 1.2m high. The weir was constructed on
rocky outcrops across the Olifants River and was designed to be grounded and let no water
through at the bottom. Its purpose is to gauge water flow from the river. A water gauging,
control room forms part of the weir. This control room was constructed on top of the weir
wall next to the overflow section of the weir.
According to the DWS website measurements in the Olifants River at Bulshoek Dam started
on 1 April 1923. During dam rehabilitation work performed by DWS in the early 2000's, the
wall of an old diversion weir across the Olifants River was discovered nearly 430m
downstream of the dam (BHW001). This structure was partially lowered to incorporate a 9m
long Crump weir gauging structure in an attempt to measure the leakages from the dam into
the river.
No record exist of the original broad-crested diversion structure, but it is assumed that this
structure was originally used to divert water into an irrigation canal before the construction
of Bulshoek Dam.
The structure or part of the structure is older than 60 years and most probably dates
between 1921 and 1948 as shown by flow data and gauge information received from DWS.
The weir is older than 60 years and protected under section 34 of the NHRA. It cannot be
seen as a unique example of this type of gauging structures as numerous similar examples
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River vii
exist along the Olifants River as well as further afield. The site is graded as generally
protected (GP.B) and will not require further mitigation work.
5.1.2 Structures just outside the study area
b) Site BHW 002
GPS: 31º 59’ 45.9” S 18º 47’ 14.5” E
The Bulshoek Barrage (Dam Wall), situated approximately 410m further upstream from the
proposed development, was completed in 1920 and formed part of one of the oldest
irrigation schemes in South Africa. The dam wall measures approximately 143m across and
approximately 17m high. The barrage is a massive structure and it features 15 hand
operated steel gates to be raised during floods.
The construction of the Bulshoek dam started off with planning of an irrigation scheme for
the Olifants River in 1908. The original planned design was a solid masonry weir with falling
shutters, however by 1912 the Cape Irrigation Department indicated that the proposed
design would not be sufficient for the planned irrigation project. The design was amended
to add 15 hand-operated Ashford type gates to the top of the proposed weir, in effect
creating a full dam wall.
The final design was undertaken by the firm Glenfield & Kennedy of Scotland in cooperation
with engineer WM Watt. The firm also oversaw the construction of the weir. The
construction of the Bulshoek dam was completed in 1924 (The Water Wheel
September/October 2010).
c) Site BHW 003
GPS: 31º 59’ 32.1” S 18º 47’ 13.7” E
A water canal which formed part of the Bulshoek Dam irrigation scheme and which was
completed in 1924 is situated on the western banks of the Olifants River approximately 50m
west from the proposed weir. This canal system is approximately 83km long and serves
irrigation purposes for approximately 9330 hectares of listed land. The canal is lined (with
cement/concrete) and varies in size along the system.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River viii
5.1.3 Doring River gauging weir
a) Site DRW 001
GPS: 31º 51’ 46.0” S 18º 41’ 10.3” E
The proposed new Doring River Gauging Weir will be situated at the same location as the
existing Doring River Gauging Weir. This weir was brick and cement built and measures
approximately 130m in length and approximately 2m high. The weir was constructed on
rocky outcrops across the Doring River and was designed to gauge water-flow from the river.
A water gauging tower forms part of the weir. The tower is situated on the southern banks
of the river and just on the upstream side of the weir.
According to the DWS website measurements in the Doring River at this point started on 17
May 1908. Only stage (water level in river) readings taken once day are available from this
date. A compounded sharp-crested gauging weir structure was commissioned on 9 April
1927 and since then daily stage and a calculated discharge for that stage reading are
available.
The gauging weir underwent several structural changes since 1927 and in 1948 for instance
the structure height was increased.
The weir is older than 60 years and protected under section 34 of the NHRA. It cannot be
seen as a unique example of this type of gauging structures as numerous similar examples
exist along the Olifants River as well as further afield. The site is graded as generally
protected (GP.B) and will not require further mitigation work.
5.1.4 Structures just outside the study area
b) Site DRW 002
GPS: 31º 59’ 45.9” S 18º 47’ 14.5” E
A rock art site was identified approximately 700m to the west of the proposed development.
The rock art is on an overhanging rock away from the river. The art contained a few figure
and a circle with radiant lines coming from the circle. The rock art site is situated within the
Doring River Valley and is not close to the river or the proposed weir itself.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River ix
6 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS ON HERITAGE RESOURCES
6.1 Status Quo and “No Go” option
6.1.1 Status Quo
No fatal flaws were identified from a cultural, historical, archaeological perspective
6.1.2 “No go” Option
No such option is contemplated
6.2 Project Impact (Unmitigated)
During the construction of the new gauging weirs both the existing gauging weirs will be demolished.
The combined weighted project impact to the heritage resources (prior to mitigation) will have a
moderate negative significance taking the heritage significance of the two weirs in to account. The
impact will be permanent and will happen. The impact risk class is thus Moderate.
The two weirs are protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage
significance no further mitigation measures is required.
6.3 Cumulative Impact
The baseline impacts are considered to be Very Low, and additional project impacts (if no mitigation
measures are implement) will increase the significance of the existing baseline impacts, the
cumulative unmitigated impact will probably be of a Low to Medium negative significance on the
identified furrow. The impact is going to happen and will be of short term in nature. However with
the implementation of the recommended management and mitigation measures this risk class can
be minimized to a rating of Low.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River x
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
The Department of Water and Sanitation has identified the gauging weirs downstream of the
Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring river in need of upgrades and realignment to improve their
effectiveness. The realignment of the weirs will require the demolition of both and the construction
of new structures to replace the aging and ineffective gauging weirs.
The gauging weirs were constructed in the early part of the 20th century to assist the management of
the water resources within the Olifants river system as part of the larger lower Olifants river
irrigation scheme. The archival research has shown that both the weirs date between 1908 and
1924, are both older than 60 years and protected under section 34 of the NHRA. Numerous similar
gauging weirs have been constructed by the Department of Water and Sanitation (and their historic
predecessors) throughout South Africa as part of their water management strategy. These two
weirs cannot be seen as unique and as such are graded as Generally protected (GP.B).
The evaluation of the type of construction activity proposed indicates a direct Moderate impact. The
two weirs are protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage significance
no further mitigation measures is required.
An evaluation of the cultural landscape around the two gauging weirs has shown that both are
situated in a rural landscape in fairly narrow valleys. The impact of the construction activities on the
cultural landscape will only be during the construction of the new gauging weirs after which
environmental rehabilitation will assist in the recovery of vegetation that will again shield the new
gauging weirs and eventually lead to the incorporation into the cultural landscape.
The rock art site (DR2) is situated 700 meters to the west of the proposed Doring river gauging weir
construction area. No impacts are foreseen but the area must be listed as a “no-go” area during
construction,
The overall impact of the development on heritage resources is seen as acceptably low and impacts
can be mitigated to acceptable levels. It follows that if the management measures outlined in this
report are implemented there is no reason why the realignment of the Bulshoek and Doring river
gauging weirs cannot be approved.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River xi
8 AUTHOR/S AND DATE
Wouter Fourie
Accredited Professional Archaeologist
(ASAPA)
Accredited Professional Heritage Practitioner
(APHP)
Marko Hutten (Field assessment)
Accredited Professional Archaeologist
(ASAPA)
Date: 3 December 2015
Jessica Angel (Archival research)
Accredited Professional Archaeologist
(ASAPA)
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River xii
The heritage impact assessment report has been compiled taking into account the NEMA appendix 6
requirements for specialist reports as indicated in the table below.
NEMA Regs (2014) - Appendix 6 Relevant section in report
Details of the specialist who prepared the report Page i of Report – Contact details and company
The expertise of that person to compile a specialist report including a curriculum vitae Section 1.2 – refer to Appendix B
A declaration that the person is independent in a form as may be specified by the competent authority Page 2 of the report
An indication of the scope of, and the purpose for which, the report was prepared Section 1.1
The date and season of the site investigation and the relevance of the season to the outcome of the assessment Section 5
A description of the methodology adopted in preparing the report or carrying out the specialised process Section 3.1
The specific identified sensitivity of the site related to the activity and its associated structures and infrastructure Section 5.1
An identification of any areas to be avoided, including buffers Section 5.1
A map superimposing the activity including the associated structures and infrastructure on the environmental sensitivities of the site including areas to be avoided, including buffers; Section 2.3, 5.1
A description of any assumptions made and any uncertainties or gaps in knowledge; Section 1.3
A description of the findings and potential implications of such findings on the impact of the proposed activity, including identified alternatives, on the environment Section 6.1
Any mitigation measures for inclusion in the EMPr Section 7
Any conditions for inclusion in the environmental authorisation Section 7
Any monitoring requirements for inclusion in the EMPr or environmental authorisation NA
A reasoned opinion as to whether the proposed activity or portions thereof should be authorised and
Section 7
If the opinion is that the proposed activity or portions thereof should be authorised, any avoidance, management and mitigation measures that should be included in the EMPr, and where applicable, the closure plan
A description of any consultation process that was undertaken during the course of carrying out the study
Not applicable. A public consultation process was handled as part of the EIA and EMP process.
A summary and copies if any comments that were received during any consultation process
Not applicable. To date not comments regarding heritage resources that require input from a specialist have been raised.
Any other information requested by the competent authority. Not applicable.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River xiii
CONTENTS Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Scope of the Study 1
1.2 Specialist Qualifications 1
1.3 Assumptions and Limitations 2
1.4 Legislative Context 2
1.5 Terminology and Abbreviations 3
2 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PROJECT 7
2.1 Site Location 7
2.2 Project Motivation 8
2.3 Site Description 10
3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 11
3.1 Methodology for Assessing Heritage Site Significance 11
3.2 Methodology for Impact Assessment 13
3.2.1 Nature of the impact 13
3.2.2 Extent of the impact 13
3.2.3 Duration of the impact 14
3.2.4 Potential intensity of the impact 15
3.2.5 Likelihood of the impact 16
3.2.6 Cumulative Impacts 17
3.2.7 Significance Assessment 17
4 ARCHIVAL AND DESKTOP RESEARCH FINDINGS 18
4.1 Archival findings 18
5 FIELD WORK FINDINGS 24
5.1 Heritage Findings 26
5.1.1 Gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam 26
5.1.2 Structures just outside the study area 28
5.1.3 Doring River gauging weir 31
5.2 Cultural landscape 34
5.2.1 Gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam 34
5.2.2 Doring River weir 36
6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 38
6.1 Status Quo and “No Go” option 38
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River xiv
6.1.1 Status Quo 38
6.1.2 “No go” Option 38
6.2 Project Impact (Unmitigated) 38
6.3 Cumulative Impact 38
6.4 Impact Matrix 39
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41
7.1 General 41
8 PREPARERS 42
9 REFERENCES 42
List of Appendices
A Legislative Requirements – Terminology and Assessment Criteria
B Project team CV’s
List of Figures Figure 1 - Human and Cultural Time line in Africa (Morris, 2009). ........................................................ 6
Figure 2 – Study area locality .................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 3 - Proposed realignment of the Bulshoek gauging weir ............................................................. 9
Figure 4 - proposed realignment of the Doring river gauging weir ........................................................ 9
Figure 5 – View of the gauging weir from the south ............................................................................ 10
Figure 6 – View of gauging weir and instrument cubicle from the south ............................................ 10
Figure 7 – Upstream view of gauging weir .......................................................................................... 10
Figure 8 – View of the gauging weir from the west .............................................................................. 11
Figure 9 – View from the Doringrivier weir towards the bridge over the river (yellow arrow indicating
Figure 10 – View of gauging weir and instrument cubicle from the south .......................................... 11
Figure 11: Historic Photograph of the Bulshoek Dam (wrc.org.za) ....................................................... 24
Figure 12 - Map indicating tracklogs of the fieldwork at the gauging weir downstream of the
Bulshoek Dam ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 13 - Map indicating tracklogs of the fieldwork at the Bulshoek gauging weir .......................... 25
Figure 14 - Upstream view of gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and instrument cubicle
1991) 23Km from Bulshoek Weir and 39 Km from Doring River Weir, Klien
Kliphuis (Van Rijssen 1992) and Hollow Rock Shelter (Evans, 1993). The evidence
collected from these sites suggests that people have used the area for over five
hundred thousand years (Orton & Hart, 2005).
An AIA conducted by Kaplan (2008) on the farm Kromme Valley (2 Km from the
gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and 19 Km from the Doring River
weir) revealed one quartz flake and one retouched MSA quartzite flake. And the
farm Zypherfontein in Clanwilliam (11.5 Km from the gauging weir downstream
of the Bulshoek Dam and 7 Km from the Doring River weir) revealed MSA
material.
40 000 years
ago to the
historic past
The Later Stone Age is the third archaeological phase identified and is associated
with an abundance of very small artefacts known as microliths as well as the
presence of rock paintings.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 20
The LSA of the study area has been extensively researched, with many of the rock
shelters having been excavated. Excavations and surface scatter collections have
been carried out at de Hangen, Klipfonteinrand 1 and Klipfonteinrand 2, Klein
Kliphuis, Sevilla 46 and 48, Andriesgrond, Renbaan, Malgashoek, Driehoek and
Procession Shelter (Orton & Hart, 2005).
The rock art of the study area is very diverse with subject matter varying
considerably with humans, animals and entoptic forms (images seen by shamans
in a trance state) being frequent (Orton &Hart, 2005).
An AIA conducted by Kaplan (2008) on the farm Kromme Valley (2 Km from the
gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and 19 Km from the Doring River
weir) and Halkett 2009 between Clanwilliam and Graafwater, revealed rock art
sites.
AD 200 – AD
900
The earliest phase in the Iron Age history of Southern African is known as the
Early Iron Age.
The rapid spread of farming, distinctive ceramics and metallurgy is generally
understood as the expansion of a Bantu-speaking population (Mitchell, 2002). It
is believed that there are two branches of movement. These include the
ancestral Western Bantu-speakers which moved south along the Atlantic coast
and inland up rivers draining into it, and the Proto-Eastern Bantu speakers, which
are thought to have spread along the rainforest’s northern edge towards the
Great Lakes (Mitchell, 2002)
Mitchell (2002) explains that ceramic typology is the central aspect to current
discussions of the expansion of iron using farmers across southern Africa. The
Chifumbaze Complex groups together most of the Early Iron Age assemblages of
eastern, south-central and southern Africa. Within this complex occur two
Traditions. The Urewe Tradition which has two divisions, these include
assemblages belonging to the Kwale branch which extend along the coast from
Kenya to Kwazulu Natal and secondly Nkope branch which occurs inland,
reaching from southern Tanzania through Malawi and eastern Zambia into
Zimbabwe. The second Tradition is the Kalundu Tradition, which stretches from
Angola through western Zambia, Botswana and Zimbabwe into South Africa
(Mitchell, 2002).
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 21
As the subsistence base in southern Africa included pearl millet, finger millet and
sorghum, environmental factors needed to sustain such agriculture limited the
farmers to the Miombo and Savanna Biomes.
This period is not known to occur within in the study area.
AD 900 – AD
1300
The second phase in the Iron Age history of Southern Africa is known as the
Middle Iron Age. This period is not known to occur within in the study area.
Ad 1300 – AD
1850
The third and final phase in the Iron Age history of Southern Africa is known as
the Late Iron Age. This period in the Iron Age history of South Africa is associated
with the Nguni and Sotho-Tswana speaking people (Huffman, 2007). During this
time there is an increased specialisation of production and exchange, the
development of more nucleated settlement patterns and growing political
centralisation (Mitchell, 2002). Together they form the background to what
Mitchell (2002) calls, the cataclysmic events of the late eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries termed by the Nguni-speakers the Mfecane and by the
Sotho/Tswana-speakers as the Lifaqane or Difaqane.
Iron age herders did not permanently settle this area due to the climate
restraints on the preferred crops such as sorghum. However there have been no
recordings of this period in the area.
1660 First European travellers from the Cape passed over the mountain into the
Olifants River Valley in the area of what is currently Piekenierskloof Pass 72 Km
from the gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and 90 Km from the
Doring River weir positions) under Jan Dankaert. The party continues to a point
near what would become Clanwilliam before they returned to the Cape.
A second exploration company under Pieter Cruythoff took a route along the
west bank to the area where the Elands Kloof River flows in from the west and
then continued up the hills to the west (Orton & Hart, 2005).
1661 15 December, Vlermuisklip near Vredendal is used as stay-over for the first time
by Pieter Everaerts and his group on an exploration expedition to the north
(sahistory.org.za)
1662 Exploration continues in the area with a group following the route set out by
Cruythoff. The first ox-wagon entered the valley during this time.
1720’s First colonial settlement occurred in the Olifants River Valley. The first Farmer in
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 22
the region was Jan Dissels. In 1726 Dissels acquired a loan farm at the confluence
of the Olifants River and a lesser River which was later named the Jan Dissels
River. The Farm was called Seekoeivlei and it is on this farm where present day
Clanwilliam occurs (Orton & Hart, 2005).
1730’s Most of the Olifants River Valley as far north as the Doorn River had been
allocated to settlers (Nell 1997)
1761-1794 First formal land grants within the Olifants Valley took place. Rondegat (1761),
Andries grond (1792) and Holfontein (1794) which also contains a complex of
historic ruins. Holfontein occurs 10 Km from the Bulshoek Weir and about 15 Km
from the Doring River Weir.
Small scale irrigation was well established around the Olifants River Valley.
1808 Resistance to colonial expansion resulted in tension. In an attempt to restore
order in the area it was decided in 1808 that a sub-drostdy should be established
(Orton & Hart, 2005). Seekoeivlei was bought from its then owner, Sebastian van
Reenen, and the farmhouse was converted into offices for the newly appointed
Deputy-Landdrost, Daniel van Ryneveld. A garrison and two houses were built
and the tiny village, situated on the wagon track between Cape Town and
Namaqualand, became known as Jan Dissel’s Vlei (Orton & Hart, 2005).
1814 Sir John Craddock changed the name of Seekoeivlei, naming it in honour of his
father-in-law who had just become the first Earl of Clanwilliam. At this stage
there were a total of sixteen freeburgher families living in Clanwilliam (Dickason
1973).
1820 Efforts were made to settle four groups of Irish settlers under William Parker
anong the Jan Dissels River, but with little success (sahistory.org.za)
1822 First flood ever recorded in the Olifants River.
1837 Clanwilliam was separated from Worcester and proclaimed a district
(sahistory.org.za)
1858 Patrick Fletcher left Cape Town for Clanwilliam on orders from the Colonial
Secretary to undertake one of the first surveys for a potential large irrigation
scheme in the Cape.
1883 Hydraulic Engineer to the Cape Colony, John Gamble, suggested the construction
of a series of moderately-sized weirs to restore original conditions in the river
i.e. resulting in floodwaters once again spilling over its banks (wrc.org.za).
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 23
1901 The village of Clanwilliam became a municipality, the first mayor being Charles
Fryer, an Irish descendant of the 1820 Settlers (sahistory.org.za)
1907 The Cape government asked the Director of Irrigation, Francis Edgar Kanthack, to
determine the possibility of an irrigation scheme on the Olifants River. Kanthack’s
brief was to investigate the possibility of introducing irrigation in the area on a
perennial basis by means of a canal system fed from a high weir with
‘considerable storage capacity’ as much land as possible on both banks of the
Olifants River and along the lower reaches of the Doorn and Hol Rivers
(wrc.org.za)
1909 Kanthack laid down the final alignment for the main canal and branches, fixed
the site of the headworks and designed the Bulshoek weir (wrc.org.za).
1911 An irrigation district was proclaimed and Parliament approved the sum of £155
000 for the construction of the weir and the associated irrigation canals. These
canals were to extend down the Olifants River valley for about 80 km. The site
originally selected for the weir and off take was at the head of a rocky rapid
named Oshoek, on the farm Rondeberg. The original design in this case was for a
solid masonry weir in Roman style, with falling shutters, each 1,8 m wide and 0,9
m high (wrc.org.za).
However, when the project was initially prepared, very little was known of the
flow of the Olifants River at the proposed weir site. Observations by the Cape
Irrigation Department between 1909 and 1912 indicated that if the original
design were to be carried out, the flow would not be sufficient to fill the
irrigation canals at periods of greatest demand (wrc.org.za).
It was therefor decided to increase this storage by erecting gates 4,6 m high
above the solid weir. These 15 hand-operated gates are of the Ashford type,
which consists of gates sliding in cast-iron grooves of special construction with a
patent system of anti-friction rollers (wrc.org.za). The gates, each 6 m wide, are
capable of being raised clear of flood by lifting gear mounted on an overhead
super- structure and is supported by 2 m wide sandstone masonry pillars
(wrc.org.za). A 16th gate of 6,9 m clear span, but 5,7 m high, was placed on the
extreme left flank near the head gates of the canal to act as a scour, the sill being
considerably lower than that of the other 15 gates.
The final design was undertaken by the firm Glenfield & Kennedy of which time
materials and equipment were extremely scarce and expensive. Many labourers
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 24
also left to join the war effort.
1918 During October 1918, construction of the Bulshoek Dam was halted for a third
time as a result of an outbreak of Spanish Influenza as those who remained
unaffected were left taking care of the ill (Orton & Hart, 2005, wrc.org.za).
1920-1924 The canal on the left bank of the Bulshoek Dam construction was completed up
to Bakleiplaas and the masonry of the 143,3-m-long weir and headworks as well
as the erection of the steel gates and superstructures were practically finished by
31 March of that year (wrc.org.za). The entire scheme was eventually completed
in 1924 at a total cost of £601 569 (wrc.org.za).
Figure 11: Historic Photograph of the Bulshoek Dam (wrc.org.za)
1935 Water is obtained from the Jan Dissels River and electricity supplied by a hydro-
electric plant below the Clanwilliam Dam in the Olifants River, completed in 1935
(sahistory.org.za)
5 FIELD WORK FINDINGS
Due to the nature of cultural remains, with the majority of artefacts occurring below the surface, a
controlled-exclusive surface survey was conducted over a period of 1 day by vehicle and on foot by
an archaeologist from PGS. The fieldwork was conducted on the 22nd of September 2015.
The track logs (in blue) for the survey are indicated on the map below (
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 25
Figure 12 and Figure 13).
Figure 12 - Map indicating tracklogs of the fieldwork at the gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 26
Figure 13 - Map indicating tracklogs of the fieldwork at the Bulshoek gauging weir
5.1 Heritage Findings
5.1.1 Gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam
a) Site BHW 001
GPS: 31º 59’ 32.8” S 18º 47’ 18.6” E
The existing gauging weir is situated approximately 20m further downstream of the
proposed development of the new weir. This weir is brick and cement built and measures
approximately 112m in length and approximately 1.2m high. The weir was constructed on
rocky outcrops across the Olifants River and was designed to be grounded and let no water
through at the bottom. Its purpose is to gauge water flow from the river. A water gauging,
control room forms part of the weir. This control room was constructed on top of the weir
wall next to the overflow section of the weir.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 27
According to the DWS website measurements in the Olifants River at Bulshoek Dam started
on 1 April 1923. During dam rehabilitation work performed by DWS in the early 2000's, the
wall of an old diversion weir across the Olifants River was discovered nearly 450m
downstream of the dam (BHW001). This structure was partially lowered to incorporate a 9m
long Crump weir gauging structure in an attempt to measure the leakages from the dam into
the river.
No record exist of the original broad-crested diversion structure, but it is assumed that this
structure was originally used to divert water into an irrigation canal before the construction
of Bulshoek Dam.
The structure or part of the structure is older than 60 years and most probably dates
between 1921 and 1948 as shown by flow data and gauge information received from DWS.
Site size: Approximately 120m x 30m in size.
The weir is older than 60 years and protected under section 34 of the NHRA. It cannot be
seen as a unique example of this type of gauging structures as numerous similar examples
exist along the Olifants River as well as further afield. The site is graded as generally
protected (GP.B) .
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 28
Figure 14 - Upstream view of gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and instrument cubicle
Figure 15 - View of gauging weir from the south
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 29
Figure 16 - High level view of weir and surrounds
Mitigation required:
The site is protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage significance no
further mitigation measures is required.
5.1.2 Structures just outside the study area
a) Site BHW 002
GPS: 31º 59’ 45.9” S 18º 47’ 14.5” E
The Bulshoek Barrage (Dam Wall), situated approximately 300m further upstream from the
proposed development, was completed in 1920 and formed part of one of the oldest
irrigation schemes in South Africa. The dam wall measures approximately 143m across and
approximately 17m high. The barrage is a massive structure and it features 15 hand operated
steel gates to be raised during floods.
Site size: Approximately 200m x 1000m in size.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 30
The construction of the Bulshoek dam started off with planning of an irrigation scheme for
the Olifants River in 1908. The original planned design was a solid masonry weir with falling
shutters, however by 1912 the Cape Irrigation Department indicated that the proposed
design would not be sufficient for the planned irrigation project. The design was amended to
add 15 hand-operated Ashford type gates to the top of the proposed weir, in effect creating
a full dam wall.
The final design was undertaken by the firm Glenfield & Kennedy of Scotland in cooperation
with engineer WM Watt. The firm also oversaw the construction of the weir. The
construction of the Bulshoek dam was completed in 1924 (The Water Wheel
September/October 2010).
Figure 17 - Southern view of Bulshoek dam wall
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 31
b) Site BHW 003
GPS: 31º 59’ 32.1” S 18º 47’ 13.7” E
A water canal which formed part of the Bulshoek Dam irrigation scheme and which was
completed in 1924 is situated on the western banks of the Olifants River approximately 50m
west from the proposed weir. This canal system is approximately 83km long and serves
irrigation purposes for approximately 9330 hectares of listed land. The canal is lined (with
cement/concrete) and varies in size along the system.
Site size: Approximately 10m across.
Figure 18 - View of Bulshoek dam wall and canal on the northern side of the Olifants River
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 32
5.1.3 Doring River gauging weir
a) Site DRW 001
GPS: 31º 51’ 46.0” S 18º 41’ 10.3” E
The proposed new Doring River Gauging Weir will be situated at the same location as the
existing Doring River Gauging Weir. This weir was brick and cement built and measures
approximately 130m in length and approximately 2m high. The weir was constructed on
rocky outcrops across the Doring River and was designed to gauge water-flow from the river.
A water gauging tower forms part of the weir. The tower is situated on the southern banks of
the river and just on the upstream side of the weir.
According to the DWS website measurements in the Doring River at this point started on 17
May 1908. Only stage (water level in river) readings taken once day are available from this
date. A compounded sharp-crested gauging weir structure was commissioned on 9 April
1927 and since then daily stage and a calculated discharge for that stage reading are
available.
The gauging weir underwent several structural changes since 1927 and in 1948 for instance
the structure height was increased.
Site size: Approximately 120m x 30m in size.
The weir is older than 60 years and protected under section 34 of the NHRA. It cannot be
seen as a unique example of this type of gauging structures as numerous similar examples
exist along the Olifants River as well as further afield. The site is graded as generally
protected (GP.B).
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 33
Figure 19 - Downstream view of gauging weir and instrument cubicle
Figure 20 - View of weir from north towards cottage
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 34
Figure 21 - Upstream view of weir
Mitigation required:
The site is protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage significance no
further mitigation measures is required.
b) Site DRW 002
GPS: 31º 59’ 45.9” S 18º 47’ 14.5” E
A rock art site was identified approximately 700m to the west of the proposed development.
The rock art is on an overhanging rock away from the river. The art contained a few figure
and a circle with radiant lines coming from the circle. The rock art site is situated within the
Doring River Valley and is not close to the river or the proposed weir itself.
Site size: Approximately 2m x 2m in size.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 35
Figure 22 - Rock art panel some 700 west of site
Mitigation:
The site must be declared a “no-go” area for construction workers during the whole
construction timeframe
5.2 Cultural landscape
Both the weirs are situated in a rural landscape characterised by a narrow valley.
5.2.1 Gauging weir downstream of the Bulshoek Dam
The weir is situated in a narrow valley filled with vegetation and dense river shrubbery that shields
the existing weir structure from the dirt road running to the south of the Olifants river. The Bulshoek
dam wall is situated some 400 meters upstream from the weir and the general view between the
two structures are obscured by large eucalyptus trees (Figure 23).
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 36
Figure 23 - View from Bulshoek dam wall toward the weir (Small white speck is the weir gauging
house)
Down river from the weir a single residence can be seen just protruding between the trees.
Figure 24 - Landscape feature at Bulshoek weir
Bulshoek dam
wall
Gauging weir
downstream of
Bulshoek Dam
Residence
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 37
5.2.2 Doring River weir
The Doring River weir is situated at the foot of a narrow valley from where it opens up into the larger
Olifantsrivier valley. The vegetation is less dense as in the case of the Bulshoek weir area. It is
situated some 800 meters upstream of the historic steel bridge crossing the Doring River (Figure 25).
A small cottage situated 150 meters upslope of the gauging weir. No dense vegetation or large trees
obscure the view from the cottage towards the gauging weir (Figure 26).
Figure 25 - View from the Doring River weir towards the bridge over the river (yellow arrow indicating
bridge)
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 38
Figure 26 - Cottage just south of weir
Figure 27 - Doring river landscape
Doring river
gauging weir
Cottage
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 39
The impact of the construction activities on the cultural landscape will only be during the
construction of the new gauging weirs after which environmental rehabilitation will assist in the
recovery of vegetation that will again shield the new gauging weirs and eventually lead to the
incorporation into the cultural landscape.
6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
6.1 Status Quo and “No Go” option
6.1.1 Status Quo
No fatal flaws were identified from a cultural, historical, archaeological perspective
6.1.2 “No go” Option
No such option is contemplated.
6.2 Project Impact (Unmitigated)
During the construction of the new gauging weirs both the existing gauging weirs will be demolished.
The combined weighted project impact to the heritage resources (prior to mitigation) will have a
moderate negative significance taking the heritage significance of the two weirs in to account. The
impact will be permanent and will happen. The impact risk class is thus Moderate.
Mitigation measures as recommended in this report will have to be implemented to document the
structures as well as shield the visual impact on the cultural landscape.
6.3 Cumulative Impact
The baseline impacts are considered to be Very Low, and additional project impacts (if no mitigation
measures are implement) will increase the significance of the existing baseline impacts, the
cumulative unmitigated impact will probably be of a Low to Medium negative significance on the
identified furrow. The impact is going to happen and will be of short term in nature. However with
the implementation of the recommended management and mitigation measures this risk class can
be minimized to a rating of Low.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 40
6.4 Impact Matrix
Table 9: Rating Matrix for impacts in the Pre-Construction phase
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Activity Nature of Impact Impact type Extent Duration Potential Intensity
Likelihood Rating Mitigation Interpretation
Impact on heritage resources
Direct Impact: Existing 1 4 1 0.2 1 - LOW
General maintenance
Deteriorations of the structure overtime due to water and flood damage. Both weirs show leaking and cracks
Deterioration of existing weirs due to flooding and water damage
Cumulative 1 4 1 0.2 1 - LOW
Residual 1 4 1 0.2 1 - LOW General maintenance as required to be done by DWS would support the conservation of the weirs
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 41
Table 10: Rating Matrix for impacts on Construction phase
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Activity Nature of Impact Impact type Extent Duration Potential Intensity
Likelihood Rating Mitigation Interpretation
Impact on historic structures
Direct Impact: Existing 1 5 2 1 8 - MOD
The site is protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage significance no further mitigation measures is required.
The two gauging weirs are older than 60 years. The site is protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage significance no further mitigation measures is required.
Destruction of current weir structures Cumulative 1 5 2 1 8 - MOD
Residual 1 5 1 0.2 1 - LOW
Impact on cultural landscape
Direct Impact: Existing 1 1 2 0.2 1 - LOW
Screen where possible construction camp. Reduce footprint of construction area to minimum.
The impact of vegetation stripping and construction activity on the cultural landscape will be confined to the construction time and will with implementation of mitigation measures be reduced
Impact on cultural landscape during construction
Cumulative 1 1 1 0.2 1 - LOW
Residual 1 4 1 0.1 1 - LOW
Implementation of the recommended mitigation measures will cause a reduction in the impact. While natural vegetation restoration will further aid in the residual impact being reduced.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 42
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The Department of Water and Sanitation has identified the gauging weir downstream of the
Bulshoek Dam and Doring river gauging weir in need of upgrades and realignment to improve their
effectiveness. The realignment of the weirs will require the demolition of both and the construction
of new structures to replace the aging and ineffective gauging weirs.
The Bulshoek and Doring river gauging weirs were constructed in the early part of the 20th century to
assist the management of the water resources within the Olifants river system as part of the larger
lower Olifants river irrigation scheme. The archival research has shown that both the weirs date
between 1908 and 1924, are both older than 60 years and protected under section 34 of the NHRA.
Numerous similar gauging weirs have been construct by the Department of Water and Sanitation
(and their historic predecessors) throughout South Africa as part of their water management
strategy. These two weirs cannot be seen as unique and as such are graded as Generally protected
(GP.B).
The evaluation of the type of construction activity proposed indicates a direct Moderate impact. The
two weirs are protected under Section 34 of the NHRA. However due to it low heritage significance
no further mitigation measures is required.
An evaluation of the cultural landscape around the two gauging weirs has shown that both are
situated in a rural landscape in fairly narrow valleys. The impact of the construction activities on the
cultural landscape will only be during the construction of the new gauging weirs after which
environmental rehabilitation will assist in the recovery of vegetation that will again shield the new
gauging weirs and eventually lead to the incorporation into the cultural landscape.
The rock art site (DR2) is situated 700 meters to the west of the proposed Doring River gauging weir
construction area. No impacts are foreseen but the area must be listed as a “no-go” area during
construction,
7.1 General
The overall impact of the development on heritage resources is seen as acceptably low and impacts
can be mitigated to acceptable levels. It follows that if the management measures outlined in this
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 43
report are implemented there is no reason why the realignment of the gauging weir downstream of
the Bulshoek Dam and Doring river gauging weir cannot be approved.
8 PREPARERS
Wouter Fourie – Senior Heritage Specialist
Marko Hutten - Archaeologist
Jessica Angel – Archaeologist
9 REFERENCES
Cape of Good Hope. ‘Report on a proposed irrigation project in the Clanwilliam and Van Rhynsdorp
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River i
Appendix A
LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS – TERMINOLOGY AND ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1 General principles
In areas where there has not yet been a systematic survey to identify conservation worthy places, a
permit is required to alter or demolish any structure older than 60 years. This will apply until a
survey has been done and identified heritage resources are formally protected.
Archaeological and paleontological sites, materials, and meteorites are the source of our
understanding of the evolution of the earth, life on earth and the history of people. In the NHRA,
permits are required to damage, destroy, alter, or disturb them. People who already possess
material are required to register it. The management of heritage resources is integrated with
environmental resources and this means that before development takes place heritage resources
are assessed and, if necessary, rescued.
In addition to the formal protection of culturally significant graves, all graves, which are older than
60 years and are not in a formal cemetery (such as ancestral graves in rural areas), are protected.
The legislation protects the interests of communities that have an interest in the graves - they
should be consulted before any disturbance takes place. The graves of victims of conflict and those
associated with the liberation struggle are to be identified, cared for, protected and memorials
erected in their honour.
Anyone who intends to undertake a development must notify the heritage resource authority and if
there is reason to believe that heritage resources will be affected, an impact assessment report must
be compiled at the construction company’s cost. Thus, the construction company will be able to
proceed without uncertainty about whether work will have to be stopped if an archaeological or
heritage resource is discovered.
According to the National Heritage Act (Act 25 of 1999 section 32) it is stated that -
An object or collection of objects, or a type of object or a list of objects, whether specific or generic,
that is part of the national estate and the export of which SAHRA deems it necessary to control, may
be declared a heritage object, including –
• objects recovered from the soil or waters of South Africa, including archaeological and
paleontological objects, meteorites and rare geological specimens;
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River ii
• visual art objects;
• military objects;
• numismatic objects;
• objects of cultural and historical significance;
• objects to which oral traditions are attached and which are associated with living
heritage;
• objects of scientific or technological interest;
• books, records, documents, photographic positives and negatives, graphic material, film
or video or sound recordings, excluding those that are public records as defined in
section 1 (xiv) of the National Archives of South Africa Act, 1996 ( Act No. 43 of 1996), or
in a provincial law pertaining to records or archives; and
• any other prescribed category.
Under the National Heritage Resources Act (Act No. 25 of 1999), provisions are made that deal with,
and offer protection to, all historic and pre-historic cultural remains, including graves and human
remains.
2 Graves and cemeteries
Graves younger than 60 years fall under Section 2(1) of the Removal of Graves and Dead Bodies
Ordinance (Ordinance no. 7 of 1925) as well as the Human Tissues Act (Act 65 of 1983) and are
under the jurisdiction of the National Department of Health and the relevant Provincial Department
of Health and must be submitted for final approval to the Office of the relevant Provincial Premier.
This function is usually delegated to the Provincial MEC for Local Government and Planning, or in
some cases the MEC for Housing and Welfare. Authorisation for exhumation and reinterment must
also be obtained from the relevant local or regional council where the grave is situated, as well as
the relevant local or regional council to where the grave is being relocated. All local and regional
provisions, laws and by-laws must also be adhered to. In order to handle and transport human
remains, the institution conducting the relocation should be authorised under Section 24 of Act 65 of
1983 (Human Tissues Act).
Graves older than 60 years, but younger than 100 years, fall under Section 36 of Act 25 of 1999
(National Heritage Resources Act) as well as the Human Tissues Act (Act 65 of 1983) and are under
the jurisdiction of the South African Heritage Resource Agency (SAHRA). The procedure for
Consultation Regarding Burial Grounds and Graves (Section 36(5) of Act 25 of 1999) is applicable to
graves older than 60 years that are situated outside a formal cemetery administrated by a local
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River iii
authority. Graves in the category located inside a formal cemetery administrated by a local
authority will also require the same authorisation as set out for graves younger than 60 years, over
and above SAHRA authorisation.
If the grave is not situated inside a formal cemetery but is to be relocated to one, permission from
the local authority is required and all regulations, laws and by-laws set by the cemetery authority
must be adhered to.
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 4
APPENDIX B – CV’S OF TEAM
WOUTER FOURIE Professional Heritage Specialist and Professional Archaeologist and Director PGS Heritage
Summary of Experience Specialised expertise in Archaeological Mitigation and excavations, Cultural Resource Management and Heritage Impact Assessment Management, Archaeology, Anthropology, Applicable survey methods, Fieldwork and project management, Geographic Information Systems, including inter alia - Involvement in various grave relocation projects (some of which relocated up to 1000 graves) and grave “rescue” excavations in the various provinces of South Africa Involvement with various Heritage Impact Assessments, within South Africa, including - • Archaeological Walkdowns for various projects • Phase 2 Heritage Impact Assessments and EMPs for various projects • Heritage Impact Assessments for various projects
Iron Age Mitigation Work for various projects, including archaeological excavations and monitoring
Involvement with various Heritage Impact Assessments, outside South Africa, including - • Archaeological Studies in Democratic Republic of Congo • Heritage Impact Assessments in Mozambique, Botswana and DRC • Grave Relocation project in DRC
Key Qualifications BA [Hons] (Cum laude) - Archaeology and Geography - 1997 BA - Archaeology, Geography and Anthropology - 1996 Professional Archaeologist - Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA) - Professional Member Accredited Professional Heritage Specialist – Association of Professional Heritage Practitioners (APHP) CRM Accreditation (ASAPA) -
Principal Investigator - Grave Relocations
Field Director – Iron Age
Field Supervisor – Colonial Period and Stone Age
Accredited with Amafa KZN Key Work Experience 2003- current - Director – Professional Grave Solutions (Pty) Ltd 2007 – 2008 - Project Manager – Matakoma-ARM, Heritage Contracts Unit, University of the Witwatersrand 2005-2007 - Director – Matakoma Heritage Consultants (Pty) Ltd 2000-2004 - CEO– Matakoma Consultants 1998-2000 - Environmental Coordinator – Randfontein Estates Limited. Randfontein, Gauteng 1997-1998 - Environmental Officer – Department of Minerals and Energy. Johannesburg, Gauteng Worked on various heritage projects in the SADC region including, Botswana, Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 5
MARKO HUTTEN Professional Archaeologist
Name: Marko Hutten Profession: Archaeologist Date of birth: 1971-06-24 Parent Firm: PGS Heritage a Position at Firm: Freelance Archaeologist Years with firm: 6 Years of experience: 18 Nationality: South African HDI Status: White Male EDUCATION: Name of University or Institution : University of Pretoria Degree obtained : BA Major subjects : Archaeology & Anthropology Year : 1996 Name of University or Institution : University of Pretoria Degree obtained : BA [Hons] Major subjects : Archaeology Year : 1997 Professional Qualifications: Professional Archaeologist - Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists - Professional Member CRM Accreditation:
• Field Director - Iron Age • Field Director - Grave Relocation
Languages: Afrikaans English – Speaking (Good) Reading (Good), Writing (Good) KEY QUALIFICATIONS Archaeological mitigation and excavations, Social consultation on grave relocation projects, Cultural Resource Management and Heritage Impact Assessment Management, Historical and Archival Research, Archaeology, Anthropology, Applicable survey methods, Fieldwork and project management. EXPERIENCE Archaeological Impact Assessments 1998 – 2008 Performed 300+ Archaeological Impact Assessments (1st phase). Clients include:
Vodacom
Telkom
Eskom
Roads Agency of Limpopo (RAL)
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Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF)
South African National Parks (SANParks)
Impala Platinum
Various Environmental Impact Assessment Companies such as: Naledzi Environmental Consultants; Tekplan Environmental; Lokisa Environmental Consulting
Mapungubwe Grave Repatriation Project 2007 (Field Supervisor) Second Phase Investigations/Excavations: (Including Site Stabilization and Rehabilitation)
Nandoni Dam Archaeological Project 1998 (Field Supervisor)
Nandoni Dam Archaeological Project 1998 – 1999 (Field Director)
Mapungubwe Rehabilitation Project 2003 ( Field Director)
HIA – Realignment of Gauging Weirs Downstream of the Bulshoek Dam and in the Doring River 8
JESSICA ANGEL Professional Archaeologist
Personal Details
Name: Jessica
Surname: Angel
Identity Number: 8312250052082
Date of Birth: 25-12-1983
Citizenship: South African
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Single
Languages Spoken: English and Afrikaans
Education History
2002: Matriculated from Northcliff High School with the following subjects: English,
Afrikaans, Mathematics, Science, Biology and Art.
2005: Completed BA at University of the Witwatersrand with Geography and
Archaeology Majors.
2006: Completed BSc Hons (Geography) at the University of the Witwatersrand with
the following subjects: Environmental Management, Advanced Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Paleogeomorphology and Globalisation and Agro Food Restructuring.
2009 – 2013: M.Sc Archaeology and Geography, with thesis title: Mpumalanga Late
Iron Age: Incorporating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Archaeological Data to Better Understand Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Past Societies. (Graduated March 2014).
Employment History Part time employment as a student:
2011: Research Assistant: GIS work for Prof Karim Sadr. Duties include: Google Earth survey work
and digitising.
2012-2013: Basic internship at PGS. Duties include gaining familiarity with gathering relevant
background data, field surveys, exhumations and report writing.
2013: Heritage work at NGT. Background research, report writing and ground surveys.
2015 – Archaeologist – PGS Heritage
Experience in the field of archaeology:
September 2012: First Phase Heritage Assessment. Belfast. Marko Hutten and Jennifer Kitto August 2012: First Phase Heritage Assessment. Delareyville. Wouter Fourie. Stone Age survey August 2012: Heritage Assessment. MP. Chris van Vuuren and Jennifer Kitto. Ndebele initiation site. February 2013: Map survey. PTA East. Polka Birkholtz. Mapping Iron Age site. February 2013: Grave Exhumation. Chlorkop. Marko Hutten March 2013: First Phase Heritage Assessment. MP. Jennifer Kitto. July 2013: Grave Exhumation. Mafikeng. Prof Maryna Steyn and Coen Nienaber. November 2013: First Phase Heritage Assessment. Port Nolloth. Luke Verbant, Ursula Verbant. January 2015 – June 2015: 10 Heritage Impact assessments and background research for PGS Heritage