Proposed Evaluation Approach Paper Evaluation of ADB’s Support to Public-Private Partnerships (2009–2018) 27 May 2019 Team Leader: Alexander Wellsteed, Principal Evaluation Specialist (email: [email protected]) Contact: [email protected]I. INTRODUCTION 1. This paper sets out the approach and methodology for an evaluation of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Support to Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). PPPs are a government led procurement and delivery mechanism for public infrastructure and social services where construction, finance and operations are managed and maintained in a long-term contract with a private firm. Increasingly utilized in ADB’s Developing Member Countries (DMCs), PPPs aim to provide off fiscal balance sheet financing and leverage the skills of the private sector to deliver efficiency gains and improved service quality. ADB’s support for PPPs has grown significantly in the past decade featuring as an integral part of Strategy 2020, the Public Private Partnership Operational Plan 2012–2020 (PPP OP) and most recently, Strategy 2030. ADB’s portfolio tagged as promoting PPPs encompasses a wide range of operational activities from upstream advocacy, capacity building, knowledge sharing and policy advice to downstream individual transaction structuring and direct lending. 2. In this evaluation, the Independent Evaluation Department (IED) will undertake an examination of ADB’s support for PPPs covering the period 2009–2018. The evaluation will seek to examine how ADB’s revised operational and strategic approach to PPPs have addressed previously identified operational challenges and have contributed to evidence-based outcomes over the past decade. The operational and portfolio review coverage will start in 2009, as IED’s last special evaluation study (SES) titled ADB Assistance for Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development – Potential for More Success focused on ADB’s portfolio of activities up to the end of calendar year 2008. The findings and recommendations of the evaluation aim to inform both the ADB Board of Directors and Management and provide actionable guidance for the future direction of ADB’s PPP activities. 3. The evaluation will cover ADB operational activities under the key PPP operational areas of developing the enabling environment, project preparation, Transaction Advisory Services (TAS) and project financing. Of interest will also be evidence of links or supportive connections between work undertaken in each of these operational areas. An examination of implementation of the PPP OP will be an integral part of the evaluation as well as the use of the Asia Pacific Project Preparation Facility (AP3F) multi-donor trust fund. The evaluation will seek to understand how ADB can best position itself to respond to the demand for PPP policy advisory work and investment opportunities in different country contexts and across key sectors. The relative importance and effectiveness of ADB’s operations in addressing PPP implementation bottlenecks will be examined. The evaluation will assess both the effectiveness of ADB Technical Assistance (TA) support and TAS to both sovereign and non-sovereign PPP interventions in larger Developing Member Countries (DMCs) and smaller frontier markets with the aim of Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2163; [email protected] www.adb.org/evaluation
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Proposed Evaluation Approach Paper
Evaluation of ADB’s Support to Public-Private Partnerships (2009–2018) 27 May 2019 Team Leader: Alexander Wellsteed, Principal Evaluation Specialist
1. This paper sets out the approach and methodology for an evaluation of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Support to Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). PPPs are a government led procurement and delivery mechanism for public infrastructure and social services where construction, finance and operations are managed and maintained in a long-term contract with a private firm. Increasingly utilized in ADB’s Developing Member Countries (DMCs), PPPs aim to provide off fiscal balance sheet financing and leverage the skills of the private sector to deliver efficiency gains and improved service quality. ADB’s support for PPPs has grown significantly in the past decade featuring as an integral part of Strategy 2020, the Public Private Partnership Operational Plan 2012–2020 (PPP OP) and most recently, Strategy 2030. ADB’s portfolio tagged as promoting PPPs encompasses a wide range of operational activities from upstream advocacy, capacity building, knowledge sharing and policy advice to downstream individual transaction structuring and direct lending. 2. In this evaluation, the Independent Evaluation Department (IED) will undertake an examination of ADB’s support for PPPs covering the period 2009–2018. The evaluation will seek to examine how ADB’s revised operational and strategic approach to PPPs have addressed previously identified operational challenges and have contributed to evidence-based outcomes over the past decade. The operational and portfolio review coverage will start in 2009, as IED’s last special evaluation study (SES) titled ADB Assistance for Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development – Potential for More Success focused on ADB’s portfolio of activities up to the end of calendar year 2008. The findings and recommendations of the evaluation aim to inform both the ADB Board of Directors and Management and provide actionable guidance for the future direction of ADB’s PPP activities.
3. The evaluation will cover ADB operational activities under the key PPP operational areas of developing the enabling environment, project preparation, Transaction Advisory Services (TAS) and project financing. Of interest will also be evidence of links or supportive connections between work undertaken in each of these operational areas. An examination of implementation of the PPP OP will be an integral part of the evaluation as well as the use of the Asia Pacific Project Preparation Facility (AP3F) multi-donor trust fund. The evaluation will seek to understand how ADB can best position itself to respond to the demand for PPP policy advisory work and investment opportunities in different country contexts and across key sectors. The relative importance and effectiveness of ADB’s operations in addressing PPP implementation bottlenecks will be examined. The evaluation will assess both the effectiveness of ADB Technical Assistance (TA) support and TAS to both sovereign and non-sovereign PPP interventions in larger Developing Member Countries (DMCs) and smaller frontier markets with the aim of
Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2163; [email protected] www.adb.org/evaluation
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understanding how ADB can best leverage its PPP knowledge, risk appetite and financial resources to deliver optimal development outcomes.
4. The adoption of new operational priorities under Strategy 2030 provides an important opportunity to reassess ADB’s support for PPPs. The objective of the evaluation is to derive lessons from past PPP operations to better guide the use of ADB resources in the years ahead. The evaluation will review how the strategic and operational context for ADB’s support for PPPs has changed over the past decade, examine in detail the results of 10 years of evaluations of a diverse portfolio of ADB PPP projects, and make actionable recommendations on how ADB can best use PPP interventions to deliver on the seven identified operational priorities of Strategy 2030.
A. Terminology
5. The evaluation will use commonly agreed ADB terminology for determining what is a Public-Private Partnership intervention in order to identify projects to be included in the study. In ADB the accepted definition of a PPP refers to “a contractual arrangement between public (national, state, provincial, or local) and private entities through which the skills, assets, and/or financial resources of the two parties are allocated in a complementary manner, thereby sharing the risks and rewards, to provide optimal service delivery and good value to citizens.” 1 PPPs are most commonly associated with large scale infrastructure development where public-sector institutions seek to enlist private sector finance and specialist expertise to realize projects in the energy, transportation, and public service sectors. Additionally, PPPs are increasingly used in the development of welfare services and social infrastructure such as basic health care, clean water, educational facilities and housing. 6. Figure 1 illustrates the PPP interventions that fall within the scope of the definition of PPPs adopted by ADB and most Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs).
7. The formal definition of PPP at ADB is as a subset of private sector participation (PSP). The definition encompasses all modalities that assume some form of partnership or contractual relationship between the public and private sector entities with the aim of delivering a public service, such as service and management contracts; leases; build-operate-transfer (BOT) projects and other forms of concessions; and joint ventures. Within ADB operations, all contracts such as performance-based contracts (management and service contracts), lease-operate-transfer (LOT), build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT), design-build-finance-operate (DBFO), variants, and concessions are considered as various forms of PPP.2 Contracts involving public sector utility restructuring or turnkey design and construction as a part of public procurement (engineering, procurement and construction contracts for civil works) or full privatizations of publicly owned assets will be excluded from consideration in the evaluation. 8. ADB’s definition of what constitutes a PPP is broadly in line with that used by other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). The World Bank Group (WBG) has adopted a definition of PPPs as “A long-term contract between a private party and a government entity, for providing a public asset or service, in which the private party bears significant risk and management responsibility and remuneration is linked to performance.”3 This definition covers a broad spectrum of contractual arrangements that are for both new and existing assets and related services, but where provision of these services are usually long-term in nature, involve bundling of design, construction, maintenance and possibly operational elements with private capital at stake. It includes PPPs in which the private party is paid entirely by service users, and those in which a government agency makes some or all payments. Similar to the ADB definition, other forms of private sector project participation such as short-term outsourcing, turnkey design and construction contracts and arrangements without incentives or capital at stake, are excluded.
B. Utilization Rationale and Challenges Associated with Public-Private
Partnerships
9. The decision to use PPPs to provide public infrastructure such as highways or utilities and social services such as water provision, education and healthcare are made by governments for a variety of reasons. In the context of constrained government budgets PPPs can provide significant new sources of funding for infrastructure. By subjecting projects to the test of attracting private finance through risk assessment and Value-for-Money (VFM) analysis,4 PPPs can enhance project selection and crowd in the skills and expertise of the private sector to address identified engineering, project management and finance challenges. PPPs should only be pursued where a project’s underlying business case is sound and its VFM basis is clear; when there are potential efficiency gains in design/construction, operations and maintenance, and management above and beyond what a comparable public sector agency could achieve.5 Optimized PPP structures can also align the incentives of the private sector with the interests of the contracting authority throughout the entire life cycle of the project ensuring value for money for both taxpayers and project users. 10. Within PPP structures, it is anticipated that private sector actors can deliver value-for-money by using management skills and capacity of innovation to improve service delivery and quality standards. Traditional public provision of infrastructure in many developing
2 ADB. 2012. Public-Private Partnership Operational Plan 2012–2020. Manila. Conceptual Framework p.3. 3 World Bank Group PPP Knowledge Lab Reference Guide https://pppknowledgelab.org/guide/sections/1-introduction 4 Global Infrastructure Hub https://www.gihub.org/about/about/ 5 “Value-for-Money Analysis-Practices and Challenges: How Governments Choose When to Use PPP to Deliver Public
Infrastructure and Services” published by the World Bank Institute (WBI) and Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) (2013).
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economies is characterized by PPP advocates as inefficient, beset by lack of transparency in project selection and contract awards and substandard both in terms of maintenance and service quality. PPPs are considered preferable both as a means to filter out so called infrastructure “white elephants” and as a means to minimize life-cycle costs for a given project; private concessionaires on long term contracts will seek to minimize building, operating, and maintenance costs over an extended period even if this leads to higher initial construction costs.
11. Challenges associated with PPPs include the need for a robust and stable enabling environment and the optimization of risk allocation between the public and private parties engaged in a PPP concession. PPPs involve complexities at all stages of the project cycle such as the preparing, procuring, financing and management of performance-based contracts requiring a wide range of skills which may be new or difficult to attract and retain in the public sector. When the public contracting authority has little to no prior PPP experience, engaging PPP transaction advisers often becomes a necessary condition. Many DMCs in which ADB operates have a limited domestic market to access experienced private sector contractors or institutional capital. PPP projects also require an effective legal framework in the event that projects do not develop according to plan; access to international arbitration where local court systems are seen as unreliable, is often sought and the skills of a broad range of material and technical service providers, investors, lenders, lawyers are required to deliver PPPs.
12. As studies by the World Bank Group,6 Eduardo Engel,7 and the European Court of Auditors (ECA)8 attest, PPPs are not a universal solution to public infrastructure and public service delivery challenges. High contracting costs associated with PPPs limit their use to sufficiently large projects. PPPs are also often beset by opportunistic renegotiations by private contractors once the initial concession terms are agreed. Successful PPPs require ongoing appraisal throughout the life of the project to ensure that risk allocation is optimized between all parties to the transaction. Recognition of government financial commitments, whether firm or contingent, explicit or implicit are just as important as the setting and monitoring of contracts or performance targets for private sector contractors. Private investors will naturally seek protection against downside risks, but there are often legitimate public concerns related to the ‘excessive’ profitability of some PPP infrastructure projects such as the imposition of new toll regimes for upgraded roads which can potentially undermine the political sustainability of the project.
C. Multilateral Development Banks Support for PPPs
13. With a shared understanding that inadequate infrastructure and social service provision is a constraint on growth and can negatively impact quality of life in developing countries, Multilateral Development Banks (MDB’s) have a long track record of Support for PPPs. Knowledge dissemination about PPPs has been an integral part of many MDBs operational activities since the early 1990s. Transaction advisory in support of either sovereign or nonsovereign PPP contract parties, risk mitigation interventions through guarantee and risk insurance products, and direct financial support to specific transactions has also grown substantially. ADB, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the World Bank Group and others have published and made publicly available extensive online libraries of information on the practical implementation of PPPs including online training through the AMPG
6 World Bank Group Public-Private-Partnership Legal Resource Center: Government Objectives Benefits and Risks of
PPPs https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/overview/ppp-objectives 7 The Economics of Public-Private Partnerships, Eduardo Engel, Cambridge University Press, 2014 8 Public Private Partnerships in the EU: Widespread shortcomings and limited benefits. Special Report by the
European Court of Auditors, 2018
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PPP certification program. Complementing the work of MDB’s, the G20 added its own voice in support of PPPs by establishing the multi-year Global Infrastructure Initiative program in 2014. 14. ADB in common with the World Bank Group, African Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) has stressed the importance of upstream as well as downstream support for PPPs. The World Bank Group provides support for the enabling environment and policy advice to member governments through its sovereign lending operations. Through the International Finance Corporation (IFC) the Bank Group also has a dedicated private sector advisory business line for PPP project preparation and finances PPPs directly with a range of financial product interventions. The EBRD working in target countries mainly with more advanced institutional capacities has focused its PPP interventions on financing downstream transactions. Many of the leading MDBs, including ADB also pool PPP funding and technical resources through initiatives such as the Global Infrastructure Facility based in Singapore.9 15. Guarantee and risk insurance products provided by MDBs also play an important role in improving the bankability of PPP infrastructure projects. Guarantee and risk insurance products can cover the failure of a public sector entity or private sector contractor to meet specific contractual obligations within a PPP project. By mitigating critical government or project contractor performance risks MDBs help to close key financing gaps, attract new stakeholders to PPP projects and maximize available funding from institutional investors.
D. Recent PPP Evaluations
16. In September 2009, IED concluded the first special evaluation study (SES) on ADB assistance for PPPs in infrastructure development finding them ‘successful’, justified by the underlying ratings of development impact, ADB investment profitability, ADB work quality, and ADB additionality. Conclusions from the SES included that although ADB’s interventions were seen as relevant to country strategies and effective in that they achieved intended outcomes, sustainability had been rated as less likely and economic impact and financial additionality were modest. The 2008 SES had significant impact: in the opening paragraphs of the PPP OP it is directly credited as an impetus for the development of this key strategy document approved by Management in 2012. Key recommendations of the PPP OP report included: (i) stronger linkages between PPPs support and other ADB operations; (ii) improving ADB’s strategic focus and performance with the development of a corporate strategy; (iii) implementation of the corporate strategy at the country level; and (iv) greater involvement in the transportation and water sectors. 17. Issues concerning ADB’s support for PPPs were identified in the SES in following areas: (i) consideration of key impediments such as considering PPPs in conjunction with sector and policy reforms were rarely undertaken; (ii) country assessments need to better identify sector opportunities for PPP involvement; (iii) a more systematic approach to identifying potential for PPPs in ADB’s public sector activities was required; (iv) outreach to public sector entities needed to be better coordinated. 18. A number of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) have recently conducted evaluations of their PPP operations. In 2014, the WBG published a Lessons from Experience from Client Countries on World Bank Group Support to Public-Private Partnerships during the years FY2002–2012. Separately in 2016, the Study on Public-Private Partnerships in Health was also published. Key findings from these two studies included: (i) that although the WBG has made
9 Global Infrastructure Facility https://www.globalinfrafacility.org/partners.
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significant contributions to capacity building for PPPs, continued lack of local capacity for the preparation of a bankable PPP pipeline of projects has caused many reform efforts to be abandoned; (ii) that IFC Advisory Services have achieved important impacts in advising on PPP structuring, despite the fact that only about half the projects resulted in the award of a contract, mostly due to volatile government commitment; and (iii) that IFC added value when investing in PPPs during due diligence and implementation, but a higher share of its PPP portfolio could be located in countries and markets with less developed PPP frameworks.
19. For IFC specifically, the 2012 WBG study also identified that IFC-supported PPPs tended to be less risky than other infrastructure investments, due to factors such as extensive due diligence and project designs that actively mitigated project risks. IFC supported PPPs consistently showed higher development outcome ratings than other infrastructure investments and significantly higher ratings than the rest of the WBG portfolio. Risks tended to be allocated appropriately and properly priced in IFC’s PPP deals resulting in higher-than average business success and investment outcomes.
20. In 2017 Inter-American Development Banking Group (IDBG) prepared a thematic evaluation of its work on PPPs in infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The evaluation reviewed IDBG’s support to infrastructure PPPs at three levels: enabling environment, project preparation, and financing of PPP projects. IDBG’s objectives to strengthen the enabling environment were mostly achieved, but project financing had difficulties achieving its objectives in countries with weak enabling environments. In these cases, IDBG was not successful in producing the required changes to the projects (or contracts) to make them viable. IDBG did not routinely conduct VFM assessments in early decision-making processes, which reduced opportunities for the institution to contribute its own expertise in project design and financial structuring. PPPs supported by IDBG were often have high levels of environmental and social (E&S) risks, and requirements for environmental impact assessments often did not correspond to IDBG’s own stated quality standards.
21. In 2018 EBRD conducted a thematic evaluation of the Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility (IPPF) to provide an early assessment on the viability of the IPPF and its contribution to EBRD’s work with PPPs. Conclusions included (i) the identified need for EBRD’s PPP work to move upstream to address better enabling environment constraints and focus on creating project pipelines and fiscal support and risk management capacity; (ii) that transaction advisory services should not be dependent on the volume of EBRD loan financings, and this function needs to be transferred to a non-lending operation where fees/grant funding are primarily based on cost of service provision; (iii) that infrastructure projects over a minimum size of €50 million should be made subject to a detailed risk and VFM analysis early in the project loan cycle to determine whether the project should be developed as a public sector project or PPP; (iv) that EBRD would benefit from applying a diagnostic framework at the country level that identifies gaps, and assesses readiness of countries to utilize different forms of procurement and financing instruments. II. ADB’s APPROACH TO PPPs
A. ADB Strategy and Organization
22. ADB’s rationale for its support for PPPs is based on the claim that PPPs have the potential to help close the infrastructure gap in Asian DMCs by leveraging scare public funding to deliver much needed investments in infrastructure and public services. The rationale of ADB’s Support for PPPs has previously been articulated in detail within the longer-
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term strategic framework of Strategy 2020 and as a part of the Public Private Partnership Operational Plan 2012–2020 (PPP OP). PPPs are promoted as an important modality to achieve greater economic growth within DMCs, as a means of addressing significant infrastructure constraints within the region, and as a counter the lack of available funding from traditional government sources. Strategy 2030 builds on these themes noting that “infrastructure will remain a key priority to promote social and economic development” and that ADB will continue to “promote quality infrastructure investments that are green, sustainable, resilient and inclusive.”10 Mindful of the differentiated approaches required to address country specific development challenges Strategy 2030 aims to “scale up support for public-private partnerships” across a broad range of operational areas, “catalyze investments,” “increase use of the Asia Pacific Project Preparation Facility” and “expand private sector operations including PPPs” with the aim of delivering “a comprehensive package of solutions to its DMCs.”11 23. ADB’s current PPP operational activities are grouped into four pillars: (i) advocacy and capacity development, (ii) enabling environment, (iii) project development, and (iv) project financing. The description for each pillar is presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Public-Private Partnership Pillars
Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4
Advocacy and Capacity Development
Enabling Environment Project Development Project Financing
Create awareness, identify PPP potential, develop capacity of government and ADB staff, enhance external knowledge management links
Develop policy, legal, regulatory and institutional framework to facilitate, guide and manage the development of PPPs
Align ADB project cycle, to the PPP development process, assist in the development of pathfinder projects, provide support (including advisory support) throughout the process up to contract award/ or financial close that can come as expert support, tool kits, funding costs of transaction advisors or procurement support
Provide credit enhancement products, e.g. equity, long-term debt, refinancing, subordinate debt, cofinancing and, guarantees. Establish a credit guarantee facility and provide public sector support through schemes such as viability gap funding
24. To better coordinate PPP initiatives across the bank the Office of Public-Private Partnerships (OPPP) was formally established in 2014. Currently, ADB Regional Departments (RDs) take a leadership role in operational activities listed under Pillars 1 and 2, namely; advocating for PPPs within DMCs and in the developmental of the institutional and policy infrastructure required to pursue PPPs as an effective procurement modality. Activities listed under Pillar 3, advising governments on structuring PPP transactions, described in the PPP OP as “the missing link to enable a flow of well-prepared and structured projects, capable of being externally financed” are coordinated by OPPP. Technical Advisory (TA) interventions are used by
10 ADB. 2018. Strategy 2030: Achieving a Prosperous, Inclusive, Resilient, and Sustainable Asia and the Pacific.
Manila. Executive Summary. 11 ADB. 2018. ADB. 2018. Strategy 2030: Achieving a Prosperous, Inclusive, Resilient, and Sustainable Asia and the
Pacific. Manila. Paragraphs 78, 79, and 86.
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ADB to support DMC client countries across all pillars of operational activity but the bulk of this TA work is across pillars (i), (ii) and (iii). In addition to deploying TA based resources, OPPP has won Technical Advisory Service (TAS) mandates to conduct advisory work from both sovereign and private sector clients. Pillar 4, project financing and structured credit enhancements in support of specific PPP transactions, are principally the responsibility of the Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD). To a more limited extent ADB’s sovereign departments have also been involved with financing both Pillar 3 and Pillar 4 activities to support DMC clients.
B. ADB’s PPP Portfolio
25. Based on the database provided by OPPP, ADB approved 792 projects and technical assistance (TA) interventions with identified PPP components totaling $51.0 billion from 2009 to 2018.12 As shown in Table 2, this comprised (i) 249 sovereign projects amounting to $36.6 billion, (ii) 108 nonsovereign operations (NSO) projects amounting to $13.7 billion, and (iii) 435 TA grants amounting to $666.0 million. Pillar 4 received the largest share of ADB assistance at $21.9 billion while Pillar 1 the least at $4.4 billion.
Table 2: Amount and Number of ADB Approvals of Projects with PPP Components by Type and by ADB Operational Pillar, 2009–2018
NSO = nonsovereign operations, PPP = public-private partnership, TA = technical assistance. Source: Independent Evaluation Department summary from database provided by the Office of Public-Private Partnership.
26. The headline approved amount of $51.0 billion does not provide a particularly useful picture of ADB’s support to PPPs due to the following:
(i) The amount is based on gross approvals and not net of cancellations.
(ii) The amount is based on the total approved amount for the projects and not the
amount allocated for the PPP components. In many sovereign projects the PPP
component is often a very small part of the overall project.
(iii) The amount includes cofinancing, specifically B-loans for NSO and funds from
bilateral organizations for TAs.
27. During the preliminary review of the portfolio data, IED also noted that several projects and TAs had negligible or no identifiable PPP elements. IED subsequently classified the projects and TAs into three groups: (i) A – with significant PPP elements; (ii) B – with some PPP
12 The Office of Public-Private Partnership provided IED with a database of ADB assistance to PPPs that were approved
from 1998 to 2018. The study will cover (i) projects approved 2009–2018 and (ii) projects approved prior to 2009 but evaluated during 2009–2018. Based on a preliminary review of the database, IED (i) removed five projects that were duplications, (ii) removed four MFF facilities approvals (what was counted instead were the MFF tranche release approvals), and (iii) corrected the classification of a project from a DFI to a TA and another project from an MFF to a DFI.
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elements; and (iii) C – with no obvious PPP elements. A more detailed description of the three groups are presented in Table 3.
Table 3: Classification of Approved Projects with Public-Private Partnership Elements
Group Brief Description Detailed Description and Examples
A With significant PPP elements
These are projects that are intended primarily to promote or support public-private partnerships. Examples: 1. A loan to an infrastructure finance company which will then invest in 30 to 40 PPP subprojects. 2. A policy-based loan with 7 of 14 policy actions (50%) intended at creating an efficient market for infrastructure through PPPs. [Should be at least 40%]. 3. An investment in or loan to an infrastructure company that will implement a PPP project.
B With some PPP elements These are projects that do not have PPP development or promotion as their main objective, but they have PPP elements. Examples: 1. An urban development project loan that has several components (water supply infrastructure, sanitation infrastructure, slum improvement, etc.) and performance-based contracts will be used for selected subprojects in one of these components. 2. A policy-based loan with only 2 out of 33 policy actions (6%) relating to PPP. 3. A project that includes a pilot PPP project. 4. A road rehabilitation project that includes a 5-year performance-based maintenance contract.
C No obvious PPP elements These are projects or TAs that have negligible or no clear PPP elements. This includes projects that may promote private sector participation generally but not PPP necessarily. Examples: 1. A transmission expansion project which asserts that completion will result in subsequent private sector construction/operation of independent power plants. 2. A project that states that there is a possibility that performance-based contracts may be used to carry out proper operation and maintenance of the road works. 3. A policy-based loan that does not have any clear PPP policy action.
PPP = public-private partnership.
28. As part of an extended feedback process on the EAP, IED shared the categorized list of projects and TAs with OPPP. OPPP then forwarded the list to the regional departments (RDs) and the Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) for review. Specifically, the RDs and PSOD were requested to comment on the classification of the projects and TAs and provide additional justification or remarks for proposed changes in classification. IED has accepted the reclassification proposed by the RDs where additional information or justification was provided. RDs additionally proposed the inclusion of 29 sovereign projects and 1 technical assistance grant to the database totaling $4.0 billion.13 29. As outlined in Section III the Evaluation Approach, the IED evaluation will focus on Group A projects that exhibit significant PPP elements. Group B projects that exhibit some PPP elements will be examined in order to better inform country case studies, but will not be included as a part of the core evaluated portfolio. Group C projects with no obvious PPP elements will not be evaluated. As shown in shown in Table 4, projects and technical assistance grants in Group A and Group B amount to $41.1 billion—$29.7 billion for Group A and $11.5 billion for Group B. Group A approvals represent 18.7% of total ADB approvals ($159 billion) from 2009 to 2018. Group A and B approvals represent 25.9% of total ADB approvals for the same period. Projects supporting Pillar 4 accounted for nearly half (46%) of the combined Group A and B
13 One of the proposed sovereign projects was rejected because it was already in the database.
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volume ($41.1 billion) followed by projects supporting Pillar 3 (29%). The list of projects and technical assistance included in the evaluation are presented in Attachment 1.
Table 4: Categories of ADB Projects and Technical Assistance with PPP Elements by Pillar, 2009–2018 (Group A & B)
Amount ($ million)
Group/Type Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 Total
Group A Sovereign operations 1,087 3,595 7,427 4,828 16,937 Nonsovereign operations 0 0 0 12,413 12,413 Technical assistance 97 128 89 0 314
Subtotal 1,184 3,723 7,516 17,241 29,664 Group B Sovereign operations 1,710 3,352 4,426 1,716 11,204 Nonsovereign operations 0 0 0 25 25 Technical assistance 141 39 72 4 256
Subtotal 1,851 3,391 4,498 1,745 11,485 Total A + B Sovereign operations 2,797 6,947 11,853 6,544 28,142 Nonsovereign operations 0 0 0 12,438 12,438 Technical assistance 238 167 161 4 570
Total 3,035 7,114 12,014 18,986 41,149
Number
Group/Type Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 Total
Group A Sovereign operations 6 14 40 30 90 Nonsovereign operations 0 0 0 93 93 Technical assistance 62 51 54 0 167
Subtotal 68 65 94 123 350 Group B Sovereign operations 17 22 41 16 96 Nonsovereign operations 0 0 0 1 1 Technical assistance 93 38 50 2 183
Subtotal 110 60 91 19 280 Total A + B Sovereign operations 23 36 81 46 186 Nonsovereign operations 0 0 0 94 94 Technical assistance 155 89 104 2 350
Total 178 125 185 142 630 Note: Projects and technical assistance grants in Group A are those with significant PPP elements while those in Group B are those with some PPP elements. Source: Independent Evaluation Department summary from database provided by the Office of Public-Private Partnership.
30. As shown in Figure 2, the annual amount of Group A and B approvals fluctuated between $2.5 billion to $4.7 billion from 2009 to 2015. In 2016, total approvals breached $5.0 billion for the first time and in 2018 total approvals reached a new high of $5.8 billion. There was no clear trend in approvals of sovereign projects with PPP components. In contrast, there was a noticeable uptrend in the approval of NSO projects supporting PPP from $484 million in 2009 to $2.5 billion in 2018. Approval of technical assistance grants in support of PPP was consistently between $30 million and $50 million annually during 2009 to 2018.
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31. By country, India had both the largest number and highest total volume of PPP-related approvals with 111 projects totaling $11.6 billion (28.2% of the total). As shown in Table 5, other countries receiving significant amount of support from ADB to promote PPP were Indonesia ($4.4 billion), PRC ($4.3 billion), Bangladesh ($4.0 billion), Philippines ($2.1 billion), Azerbaijan ($2.0 billion), Sri Lanka ($1.9 billion), Pakistan ($1.6 billion), Viet Nam ($1.6 billion), and Thailand ($1.5 billion).
Table 5: Top Ten Countries with Highest Approval Amounts of PPP-Related Projects, 2009–2018 ($ million) (Group A & B)
Total 28,142 12,438 570 41,149 100.0% NSO = nonsovereign operations, PPP = public-private partnership, PRC = People's Republic of China, SOV = sovereign operations, TA = technical assistance. Source: Raw data from database provided to IED by the Office of Public-Private Partnership.
32. By region, South Asia had the biggest share of PPP-related approvals with 46.5% of the total approved amount. This was not surprising since India and Bangladesh had the highest and fourth highest approvals among 38 countries. Southeast Asia had the second biggest share with 26.2% while the Pacific had the smallest share with 1.8% of the total approved amount (Table 6).
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Figure 2: ADB PPP-Related Approvals by Year and Type of Operation, 2009-2018 ($ million) (Group A & B)
Sovereign Nonsovereign Technical Assistance
Source: Independent Evaluation Department summary; Raw data from Office of Public-PrivatePartnership.
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Table 6: Approvals of PPP-Related Projects by Region 2009–2018 ($ million) (Group A & B)
Region SOV NSO TA TOTAL % of Total
Central and West Asia 3,512 2,036 41 5,589 13.6% East Asia 830 3,599 36 4,465 10.9% Pacific 408 51 11 471 1.1% South Asia 16,487 2,528 109 19,124 46.5% Southeast Asia 6,754 3,908 102 10,765 26.2% Regional 150 315 270 735 1.8%
Total 28,142 12,438 570 41,149 100.0% NSO = nonsovereign operations, PPP = public-private partnership, SOV = sovereign, TA = technical assistance. Source: Raw data from database provided to IED by the Office of Public-Private Partnership.
33. In terms of sectors, the energy sector has the biggest share by volume with $12.0 billion or 29.1% of the total amount of PPP-related approvals (Figure 3). These were mostly NSO energy projects ($8.0 billion). The transport sector was second with $9.8 billion (23.9%) followed by water and other urban infrastructure and services with $5.9 billion (14.3%) and public sector management with $4.4 billion (10.6%).
34. During the evaluation projects will be examined on a case by case basis to ensure that the study fairly represents outcomes achieved. The categorization of the PPP portfolio for the purpose of this evaluation has been a collaborative effort between IED and ADB operational departments. Management’s constructive feedback on the evaluation portfolio and initial categorization proposed by IED has been welcomed. IED will continue to work closely with OPPP, the PPP Thematic Group and RDs to verify the portfolio data received. Where the total amount in a given project is only partially allocated to PPP activities, a weighted percentage method will be used when aggregating results data. In the context of ADB’s overall support for PPPs the impact and effectiveness of TA interventions and TAS will also be examined giving attention to both the sources and uses of grant funding.
Energy, $12.0, 29%
Transport, $9.8, 24%
Water and other urban infrastructure and services, $5.9,
14%
Public sector management, $4.4,
11%
Finance, $3.3, 8%
Others, $5.7, 14%
Figure 3: Approved Amount of PPP-Related Projects by Sector, 2009-2018 ($ billion) (Group A & B)
Source: Raw data from Office of Public-Private Partnership
13
III. EVALUATION APPROACH
35. The evaluation will be based on the portfolio of ADB’s PPP operations approved as well as those evaluated during 2009–2018 that have been categorized as Group A by IED having significant PPP elements. The portfolio is described in greater detail in the Attachment 1. The portfolio coverage starts in 2009 at the conclusion of IED’s last special evaluation of ADB’s PPP operational activities, however, some of the investments made prior to the date but still ongoing during this period will be considered as well. The evaluation will focus on Group A projects that exhibit significant PPP elements. Group B projects that exhibit some PPP elements will be examined in order to better inform country case studies, but will not be included as a part of the core evaluated portfolio. Group C projects with no obvious PPP elements will not be evaluated. 36. The evaluation seeks to answer questions concerning the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, value-added and sustainability of ADB’s PPP activities. An integral part of the study will be to examine the impact of the significant organizational changes made in 2014 and the current coordination of operational activities between departments. The evaluation report is intended to inform the Board and Management discussion of the extent and nature of ADB’s future support for PPP activities drawing success factors and lessons from experience and making practical recommendations to help enhance the success of ADB’s future PPP operational activities.
A. Theory of Change
37. A Theory of Change derived by the project team from existing ADB strategy documents provides a starting point for the evaluation. Figure 4 presents the theory of change based on the articulated strategy goals and outcomes of ADB PPP interventions. The evaluation will focus on the areas mapped in the theory of change directly related to ADB’s operational activities to determine the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, value-addition and sustainability of ADB’s operational activities. This Theory of Change has been previously shared with key departments such as OPPP, PSOD and SPD and has benefited from their valuable input. 38. The Theory of Change outlines DMC context assumptions for ADB PPP interventions and considers ADB’s current organizational framework. Context assumptions highlight the relevance of PPP interventions as a modality of relevance to DMC policy agendas; namely that due to fiscal constraints state funds are no longer able to meet the pressing infrastructure investment needs. Context assumptions also highlight the need for political stability, a positive investment climate to infrastructure development. PPPs are assumed to be a positive mechanism incentivizing the provision of finance and leveraging the skills of the private sector for the delivery of infrastructure development goals. Context assumptions related to ADB’s own operational activities include ADB’s capacity to liaise productively with both the public and private sector and coordination between ADB departments. ADB’s current organizational framework for delivery is shown in the four operational pillars corresponding to advocacy and capacity development, to the enabling environment, project preparation and project financing. Under the OPP OP different operational units in ADB have assumed responsibility for each area; Regional Departments (RDs) engaging in advocacy and work on the enabling policy environment in Pillars 1 and 2, OPPP leading work on project preparation and advisory mandates in Pillar 3 and the Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) providing financing for PPP projects in Pillar 4. To a more limited extent ADB’s sovereign departments have also been involved with financing both Pillar 3 and Pillar 4 activities to support DMC clients.
14
Figure 4: Theory of Change–ADB’s Support for Public-Private Partnerships
15
39. Outputs and outcomes achieved as a result of ADB’s PPP operational activities will be the primary focus of the evaluation. Where data on developmental impacts are readily obtainable this will be considered, but whether, or to what extent a standalone PPP infrastructure project has contributed to economic growth or specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a given DMC is not immediately within the scope of this TE. What is within the scope of the TE is a more verifiable examination of ADB operational activities; how and to what extent ADB’s operational activities in the developing the enabling environment, project preparation, advisory services and project financing stages have objectively delivered value and have been relevant, effective, efficient and sustainable in delivering the anticipated outputs and outcomes sought.
B. Evaluation Questions
40. The evaluation will analyze the development rationale for ADB’s Support for PPPs and review ADB’s strategies, programs of assistance and their results. The evaluation will assess the development effectiveness, value addition and financial returns of ADB PPP interventions. The TE will, to the extent possible establish the demand and supply for PPPs in various regions of Asia Pacific and in the key sectors. Based on an assessment of ADB’s past PPP operations, market needs, supply and practices including that of other MDBs, the evaluation will seek to define key elements of value creation at various stages of the PPP project life cycle and determine where ADB has the best opportunity to demonstrate institutional leadership. The evaluation will also benchmark ADB operations versus other MDB’s PPP advisory and funding interventions. 41. Overarching Question: The overarching question that this evaluation seeks to answer is: “To what extent has ADB’s facilitation of private sector participation in the provision of quality infrastructure and social services through Public-Private Partnerships in Asia and the Pacific delivered the intended results?”
42. Specific Questions: This over-arching question is underpinned by evaluation sub questions assessing ADB’s support for PPPs through both upstream and downstream operations and along dimensions of value addition, sustainability and developmental outcomes:
(i) Has ADB’s support for PPPs in Asia and the Pacific responsive to the needs of stakeholders both sovereign and nonsovereign?
(ii) Has ADB’s strategy to foster the PPP enabling environment in ADB’s DMCs been relevant and effective?
(iii) To what extent has ADB’s support for downstream PPPs interventions resulted in improved accessibility and delivery of sustainable infrastructure and services?
(iv) Has upstream work on PPPs been coordinated with downstream, more transaction-oriented advisory or project financing?
(v) To what extent does ADB’s current organizational setup and resources improve the delivery of support for PPPs?
43. Development results, ADB Additionality and ADB Work Quality will be the key evaluative criteria. The TE will review ADB’s past PPP operational activities, determine their value addition, profitability and development effectiveness, and examine the extent to which the recommendations offered in the earlier evaluations (IED SES 2008) have been implemented. In doing so, the TE will provide specific project examples (positive and negative) to support the
16
findings. For the more recently approved operations, performance will be assessed by analyzing the value addition delivered by ADB investments as perceived by its stakeholders, while results will be assessed in real-time fashion for those PPP projects that have around 4 years of operational maturity since effectiveness. Although this review will be organized according to standard thematic evaluation criteria, it is not planned to assign an overall evaluation rating. The main purpose of such a comprehensive assessment of past PPP operational activity is to identify lessons for future ADB operations.
C. Components and Activities
44. The evaluation will use mixed methods to gather evidence. The TE performance evaluation methodology will combine project assessments with assessments of ADBs strategic approach, operational performance and development impact and value addition. The TE will aim to understand both where ADB’s work is seen to have made a clear contribution to the growth of PPP activities and positive developmental outcomes and DMCs where ADB is seen, either from a public sector or private investor perspective, as a less effective development partner. The TE will include: (i) Country case assessments, (ii) an assessment of ADB’s organization for delivery and comparator review with peer institutions such as the World Bank Group, EBRD, IBRD and AIIB, (iii) interviews of ADB staff and stakeholders, (iv) an ADB Strategic and Policy Framework review, (v) an ADB portfolio assessment (performance and results), (vi) a market overview of PPP interventions in Asia Pacific, and (vii) an ADB PPP portfolio review. 45. Country Case Assessments. The evaluation will conduct an in-depth review of ADB operations in different countries and regions, including consultations with government authorities and other stakeholders when relevant. Based on the preliminary portfolio review, India, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Indonesia and the Philippines are to be included as field country case assessments as they have received among the highest number of ADB PPP interventions. These four countries alone cover 56% of approved Group A projects and TAs by value and 38% of the approved Group A projects and TAs by number. Case countries selected will provide insight into a cross section of ADB PPP operational interventions. Mindful of the need to evaluate ADB’s work in relatively smaller and frontier PPP markets the project team are also aiming to include extended case studies of standalone ADB PPP interventions in countries such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Papua New Guinea and other DMCs in Central West Asia and the Pacific.
46. To better gauge ADB’s institutional positioning vis a vis other MDB’s and role in the Asia Pacific region, the team will conduct meetings with government entities looking to develop PPP investment programs as well as with private sector project developers. In each case assessment, the evaluation team will review the country/region PPP sector context, analyze the ADB PPP portfolio from both a financial and developmental angle, and collect stakeholder feedback. The case assessments will support analysis of the country/regional context, the country/regional PPP portfolio and provide evidence for specific evaluation areas of focus.
47. ADB’s Organization for delivery and comparator review with the World Bank Group and other MDBs: This section will benchmark ADB against the most significant MDBs operating in Asia Pacific and will look at their key performance metrics, operational features and delivery structure through both desk reviews and in-situ interviews. To the extent possible, and on an illustrative basis, an operational comparison table with selected other bilateral agencies active in PPP advisory or funding interventions in Asia Pacific will be developed.
48. Interviews of ADB Staff and ADB direct and indirect investees. The evaluation team will conduct semi-structured interviews with concerned ADB staff. The purpose is to solicit their
17
experience on ADB’s PPP interventions across the full spectrum of developing the enabling environment, project preparation and project financing. Additionally, the team will interview PPP advisory and investment recipients as part of the country case field assessments.
49. ADB and PPP Strategic and Policy Framework: This will be a desk examination of existing strategies, guidelines and business plans governing ADB’s support for PPPs. This exercise will involve but will not be limited to: (i) a review of all the applicable policy, guidelines and strategies for PPP operations in ADB; (ii) a review of the practice of the selection and development of ADB’s PPP interventions; and (iii) interviews of ADB staff from all the departments involved in a typical PPP project cycle. 50. ADB PPP Portfolio Assessment (Performance and Results): This will be an evaluation of performance and results of ADB’s support for PPPs. This exercise will include a desk review of project-related documents, including approval, monitoring, closing and evaluation documents. This exercise will produce an evaluative analysis of completed operations and operations that have reached operational maturity. The evaluation will focus on measuring the performance and results in terms of value addition, developmental success and sustainability. 51. Overview of the PPP Market in the Asia Pacific: This section will analyze the PPP market in which ADB operates, assess to what extent ADB is responding to the needs of key client groups in the region. The evaluation team will conduct thorough reviews of recent literature available to establish the demand and supply for PPP advisory interventions and investments in various DMCs and in the key sectors. These will include: (i) review of RRPs of the projects in the PPP evaluation portfolio; (ii) detailed review of evaluation reports and ex-post evaluations of PPPs completed by MDBs, including ADB; and (iii) review of available market research prepared by other third parties. Interviews of ADB staff and stakeholders will also be conducted to provide a supplementary source of information. 52. ADB PPP Portfolio Review: This will be a desk review of project documents and a statistical analysis of data from ADB’s portfolio performance database. This exercise will involve: (i) a descriptive analysis of all PPP transactions in the evaluation portfolio; (ii) a quantitative analysis of commitment volumes and contribution to income; (iii) a quantitative analysis of the aggregate portfolio returns and (iv) a qualitative analysis of products, investment choices and underlying factors driving value addition, developmental success and financial returns.
D. Evaluation Process and Timeline
53. The evaluation is expected to commence in April 2019 and be completed with the final report submitted to DEC in February 2020. A tentative implementation timetable is presented in Table 7.
Table 7: Proposed Timeline
Activity Tentative Schedule
Approval of the evaluation approach paper III May 2019 Recruitment of consultants III–IV May 2019 Evaluation missions June 2019 Storyline meeting IV July 2019 First draft for peer review IV August 2019 One stop review meeting III September 2019 Interdepartmental circulation III October 2019
18
Activity Tentative Schedule Editing I-II November 2019 Heads of Department meeting IV November 2019 Director General approval I December 2019 Board Circulation II December 2019 Development Effectiveness Committee meeting February 2020 Source: Asian Development Bank (Independent Evaluation Department).
E. Resource Requirements
54. The evaluation will be carried out by an IED team: Alexander Wellsteed (Principal Evaluation Specialist and Team Leader), Houqui Hong (Senior Evaluation Specialist), Lauren Hauck (Senior Evaluation Specialist), Enrico Pinali (Senior Evaluation Specialist), Garrett Kilroy (Senior Evaluation Specialist), Noel Gamo (Senior Evaluation Officer), and Irene Garganta (Evaluation Analyst), under the supervision of Nathan Subramanian (Director, IESP). The team will be assisted by international consultants. 55. The approach paper, excluding attachments, was peer reviewed by Philip Crotty, former Managing Director of Deutsche Bank. The evaluation report will be peer reviewed by Prof. Masaaki Amma of Fukui Prefectural University, former Managing Director of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and currently a Senior Advisor to the Board of Daiwa Securities, and Stefan Apfalter, Senior Evaluation Officer, World Bank Group, author of the IEG’s studies of World Bank Group Support for Public-Private Partnership: Lessons of Experience in Client Countries (2014) and Public Private Partnerships in Health (2016). Attachments: 1. Preliminary Classification of Approved Projects with Public-Private Partnership Elements 2. Evaluation Framework
Attachment 1 19
PRELIMINARY CLASSIFICATION OF APPROVED PROJECTS WITH PUBLI-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ELEMENTS
Table A.1: Sovereign Operations (2009–2018)
Project Count
Loan or
Grant No.
Country Project Name Modality Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
Group A 1 2509 India India Infrastructure Project Financing
Facility (Tranche 2) MFF 200.0 24-Feb-2009
2 2515 Philippines Credit for Better Health Care Project Loan
50.0 25-Mar-2009
3 2516 Indonesia Indonesian Infrastructure Financing Facility
Project Loan
100.0 31-Mar-2009
4 2545 Philippines Development Policy Support Program (Subprogram 3)
PBL 250.0 15-Sep-2009
5 2547 Pakistan Punjab Government Efficiency Improvement Program (Subprogram 2)
PBL 75.0 17-Sep-2009
2548 Pakistan Punjab Government Efficiency
Improvement Program (Subprogram 2) PBL 75.0 17-Sep-2009
6 2566 Bangladesh Public Expenditure Support Facility Program and Counter-cyclical Support Facility Support Program
PBL 44.9 13-Oct-2009
2567 Bangladesh Public Expenditure Support Facility
Program and Counter-cyclical Support Facility Support Program
PBL 100.0 13-Oct-2009
2568 Bangladesh Public Expenditure Support Facility
Program and Counter-cyclical Support Facility Support Program
PBL 100.0 13-Oct-2009
2569 Bangladesh Public Expenditure Support Facility
Program and Counter-cyclical Support Facility Support Program
PBL 500.0 13-Oct-2009
7 2586 India Second India Infrastructure Project Financing Facility (IIPFF-II) (Tranche 1)
MFF 210.0 27-Nov-2009
8 2610 Viet Nam Mong Duong 1 Thermal Power Project (Tranche 2)
MFF 902.9 21-Dec-2009
9 2645 Pakistan Sindh Growth and Rural Revitalization Program (Subprogram 2)
PBL 120.0 24-Jul-2010
10 2660 India National Capital Regional Urban Infrastructure Financing Facility MFF 044 (Tranche 1)
MFF 78.0 18-Aug-2010
11 2695 Bangladesh City Region Development Project Project Loan
120.0 10-Nov-2010
12 2708 Indonesia Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprogram III)
PBL 200.0 1-Dec-2010
13 2717 India Second India Infrastructure Project Financing Facility (IIPFF-II) (Tranche 2)
MFF 250.0 7-Dec-2010
14 2730 Viet Nam Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc–Long Thanh Expressway Project (Tranche 1)
MFF 350.0 22-Dec-2010
15 2736 India Madhya Pradesh State Roads III Project Loan
300.0 10-Mar-2011
20 Attachment 1
Project Count
Loan or
Grant No.
Country Project Name Modality Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
16 2749 Georgia Urban Services Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 1)
MFF 80.0 12-Apr-2011
17 7342 Regional ASEAN Infrastructure Fund Equity 150.0 16-Sep-2011 18 2818 Lao PDR Greater Mekong Subregion Nam Ngum
3 Hydropower Project Loan
98.2 3-Nov-2011
2819 Lao PDR Greater Mekong Subregion Nam Ngum
3 Hydropower Project Loan
16.9 3-Nov-2011
19 2806 India Assam Urban Infrastructure Investment (Tranche 1)
MFF 81.0 18-Nov-2011
20 2816 Bhutan Urban Infrastructure Project Loan
19.9 29-Nov-2011
21 2822 India Second India Infrastructure Project Financing Facility (IIPFF-II) (Tranche 3)
MFF 240.0 1-Dec-2011
22 2833 India Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (Tranche 2)
6 7310/2627 PRC Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project Private Sector Facility
A-Loan 36.60 16-Apr-2010
7310/2627 PRC Songhua River Basin Water Pollution
Control and Management Project Private Sector Facility
B-Loan 100.00 16-Apr-2010
7310/2628 PRC Songhua River Basin Water Pollution
Control and Management Project Private Sector Facility
Equity 10.00 16-Apr-2010
7 7311/2628 Thailand Solar Power Project A-Loan 70.00 16-Apr-2010 8 7314/2678 Thailand Bangchak Solar Power Project A-Loan 134.31 5-Oct-2010 9 7316/2693 PRC Municipal Natural Gas Infrastructure
Development Project (Phase 2) A-Loan 100.00 9-Nov-2010
7316/2693 PRC Municipal Natural Gas Infrastructure
Development Project (Phase 2) B-Loan 100.00 9-Nov-2010
10 7319/2704 Pakistan Zorlu Enerji Power Project A-Loan 36.80 24-Nov-2010 11 7326/27222 Pakistan Uch II Power Project A-Loan 100.00 13-Dec-2010
7326/27222 Pakistan Uch II Power Project PRG 50.00 13-Dec-2010 12 7328/2745 Papua New
Guinea Bemobile Expansion Project (Papua New Guinea and The Solomon Islands)
A-Loan 40.00 25-Mar-2011
7328/2745 Papua New
Guinea Bemobile Expansion Project (Papua New Guinea and The Solomon Islands)
Equity 9.00 25-Mar-2011
13 7330/2753 PRC Municipal Water Distribution Infrastructure Development Project
A-Loan 100.00 25-Apr-2011
7330/2753 PRC Municipal Water Distribution
Infrastructure Development Project B-Loan 100.00 25-Apr-2011
14 7337/2774 Uzbekistan Kandym Gas Field Development Project
A-Loan 100.00 1-Sep-2011
7337/2774 Uzbekistan Kandym Gas Field Development
Project PRG 200.00 1-Sep-2011
15 7339/2792 Pakistan Patrind Hydropower Project A-Loan 97.00 11-Oct-2011 16 7340/2798 India Dahanu Solar Power Project A-Loan 48.00 2-Nov-2011 17 7348-001 Pakistan Foundation Wind Energy I Project PCG 33.43 8-Dec-2011
7348-002 Pakistan Foundation Wind Energy II Project PCG 33.18 8-Dec-2011
30 Attachment 1
Project Count
Investment/ Loan No.
Country Project Name Modality/ Product
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
18 7354/2854 India Rajasthan Concentrating Solar Power Project
A-Loan 103.00 28-Mar-2012
19 7356/2875 Thailand Provincial Solar Power Project A-Loan 25.20 25-Jun-2012 20 7360 India Credit Enhancement of Project Bonds PCG 128.00 20-Sep-2012 21 7367/2896 PRC Tianjin Cold Chain Logistics Facility
Development Project A-Loan 24.00 21-Sep-2012
22 7368/2899 PRC Agricultural and Municipal Waste to Energy Project (Agricultural Waste to Energy)
B-Loan 60.00 26-Sep-2012
7368/2899 PRC Agricultural and Municipal Waste to
Energy Project (Biomass Energy) A-Loan 60.00 26-Sep-2012
7369/2900 PRC Agricultural and Municipal Waste to
Energy Project (Municipal Waste to Energy)
B-Loan 40.00 26-Sep-2012
7369/2900 PRC Agricultural and Municipal Waste to
Energy Project (Municipal Waste to Energy)
A-Loan 40.00 26-Sep-2012
23 7370/2912 Thailand Ayudhaya Natural Gas Power Project A-Loan 185.00 2-Oct-2012 24 7375/2933 PRC Songhua River Basin Water Pollution
Control and Management Project Private Sector Facility, Phase 2
7414/3154 Lao PDR Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Project A-Loan 94.00 14-Aug-2014 40 7416/3175 India ACME-EDF Solar Power Project A-Loan 9.79 16-Oct-2014
7417/3176 India ACME-EDF Solar Power Project A-Loan 9.81 16-Oct-2014 7418/3177 India ACME-EDF Solar Power Project A-Loan 9.79 16-Oct-2014 7421/3180 India ACME-EDF Solar Power Project A-Loan 50.00 16-Oct-2014 7419/3178 India ACME-EDF Solar Power Project A-Loan 9.81 16-Oct-2014 7420/3179 India ACME-EDF Solar Power Project A-Loan 10.79 16-Oct-2014
41 7422/3174 India Ocean Sparkle Expansion Project A-Loan 40.00 24-Oct-2014 42 7435/3219 Thailand Subyai Wind Power Project A-Loan 53.00 4-Dec-2014
Attachment 1 31
Project Count
Investment/ Loan No.
Country Project Name Modality/ Product
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
43 7432/3206 PRC Natural Gas for Land and River Transportation Project
A-Loan 150.00 4-Dec-2014
44 7436/3236 Bangladesh Bibiyana II Gas Power Project A-Loan 75.00 5-Dec-2014 45 7439/3224 Philippines Mactan-Cebu International Passenger
Terminal Project A-Loan 75.00 9-Dec-2014
46 7442/3246 Philippines 150-Megawatt Burgos Wind Fram Project
A-Loan 20.00 26-Jan-2015
47 7443/3247 Pakistan Engro Fast-Track Liquefied Natural Gas Regasification Project
68 7523/3578 Regional B. Grimm Power Public Company Limited (ASEAN Distributed Power) (Phase 2)
A-Loan 235.00 29-Sep-2017
69 7524/3581 Thailand Chana Green Company Limited (Southern Thailand Waste-to-Energy)
A-Loan 33.60 20-Oct-2017
70 7528 Thailand Gulf Energy Development Public Company Limited (Cornerstone Investment in Leading Independent Power Producer)
Equity 75.00 7-Nov-2017
71 7530/3596 Pakistan Zorlu Solar Pakistan (Private) Limited (Zorlu Solar Power)
A-Loan 20.00 23-Nov-2017
72 7531/3597 PRC China Water Affairs Group Limited and Golden Tact Environmental Investment (Shenzen) Company Limited (Integrated Urban Water Management)
A-Loan 200.00 24-Nov-2017
73 7533/3606 Indonesia PT Energi Bayu Jeneponto (Eastern Indonesia Renewable Energy (Phase 1))
A-Loan 56.35 29-Nov-2017
74 7535/3608 Bangladesh Reliance Bangladesh lnG and Power Limited (Reliance Bangladesh LNG and Power)
A-Loan 422.00 1-Dec-2017
7536/3609 Bangladesh Reliance Bangladesh lnG and Terminal
Limited (Reliance Bangladesh LNG and Power)
A-Loan 161.00 1-Dec-2017
75 7534/3607 Viet Nam China Everbright International Limited (Municipal Waste-to-Energy)
A-Loan 100.00 1-Dec-2017
76 7539/3622 India Ostro Kutch Wind Private Limited (Kutch Wind)
A-Loan 100.00 12-Dec-2017
77 7541/3638 PRC Sinopec Green Energy Geothermal Development Company Limited (Geothermal District Heating)
28 7553 Bangladesh Rural Information and Communication Technology Connectivity
PPTA 0.23 23-Jun-2010
29 4573 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction—Water Users Association Empowerment for Improved Irrigation Management in Chattisgarh (Supplementary)
AOTA 0.15 10-Aug-2010
30 7597 Nepal Capacity Building for Waste Management
CDTA 0.50 16-Sep-2010
31 7625 India Deepening Capacity Building for Mainstreaming Public–Private Partnerships
CDTA 2.00 22-Oct-2010
7625 India Deepening Capacity Building for
Mainstreaming Public–Private Partnerships
CDTA 1.00 22-Oct-2010
32 7626 Regional Public–Private Partnership Development in Brunei Darussalam–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area and Indonesia–Malaysia–Thailand
PATA 1.00 22-Oct-2010
33 7655 Bangladesh Urban Primary Health Care Sector Development
PPTA 0.70 19-Nov-2010
34 7669 Nepal Strengthening the Town Development Fund Capacity for Public–Private Partnership
CDTA 0.25 29-Nov-2010
7669 Nepal Strengthening the Town
Development Fund Capacity for Public-Private Partnership (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.06 29-Mar-2011
35 7674 Regional Enabling Climate Change Responses in Asia and the Pacific—Design of the Climate Public–Private Partnership Fund Subproject 5)
RDTA 0.21 29-Nov-2010
36 7691 Bangladesh Public–Private Partnership Program Operationalization
CDTA 1.00 6-Dec-2010
Attachment 1 37
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
7691 Bangladesh Public–Private Partnership
Program Operationalization (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.23 14-Dec-2012
37 7759 Viet Nam Support for Public–Private Partnerships in Viet Nam
CDTA 0.23 7-Dec-2010
38 7729 Indonesia Capacity Development Assistance for Public–Private Partnerships
CDTA 0.50 10-Dec-2010
39 7693 Regional Asia Pacific Health Observatory RDTA 0.50 12-Dec-2010
7693 Regional Asia Pacific Health Observatory (Supplementary)
RDTA 0.20 19-Dec-2013
40 7750 India Strengthening Urban Transport Subsector under ADB-Supported Urban Development Projects
CDTA 0.23 16-Dec-2010
41 7770 Bangladesh Communications Strategy for Public–Private Partnership
CDTA 0.23 16-Dec-2010
42 7782 Papua New Guinea
Facilitating Public-Private Partnerships
CDTA 0.80 23-Feb-2011
43 7785 India Capacity Building for Road safety and Public-Private Participation (PPP) Support
CDTA 1.00 10-Mar-2011
44 7796 Philippines Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships in the Philippines
CDTA 7.00 24-Mar-2011
7796 Philippines Strengthening Public-Private
Partnerships in the Philippines CDTA 1.20 24-Mar-2011
7796 Philippines Strengthening Public-Private
Partnerships in the Philippines CDTA 1.50 24-Mar-2011
7796 Philippines Strengthening Public-Private
Partnerships in the Philippines (Supplementary)
CDTA 15.00 20-Apr-2012
7796 Philippines Strengthening Public-Private
Partnerships in the Philippines (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.50 20-Apr-2012
7796 Philippines Strengthening Public-Private
Partnerships in the Philippines (Supplementary)
CDTA 3.00 10-Jan-2013
45 7815 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Gujarat Solar Vocational Training and Livelihoods (Subproject 14)
CDTA 0.40 16-May-2011
46 7813 Regional Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle - Southeast Asia
PATA 11.22 18-May-2011
7813 Regional Coastal and Marine Resources
Management in the Coral Triangle - Southeast Asia
PATA 1.00 18-May-2011
47 7819 Kyrgyzstan Enabling Identification of Public-Private Partnership Projects and Capacity Building in the Kyrgyz Republic
CDTA 0.23 16-Jun-2011
48 7837 Sri Lanka Clean Energy and Network Efficiency Improvement
PPTA 1.00 20-Jul-2011
49 7887 Bhutan Green Power Development II PPTA 1.00 10-Oct-2011
38 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
50 7918 Regional Support to Urban Infrastructure Development and Financing
CDTA 1.70 16-Nov-2011
51 7919 Lao PDR Strengthening Urban Water Supply Regulation
CDTA 0.50 16-Nov-2011
52 7960 Bangladesh Public Private Partnership in Higher Education
CDTA 0.23 6-Dec-2011
53 7969 Regional Promotion of Capital Market Instruments for Infrastructure Financing in the ASEAN
CDTA 0.15 6-Dec-2011
54 7950 Regional Smart Grid Capacity Development CDTA 1.40 7-Dec-2011
55 7955 Philippines Education Improvement Sector Development Program
PPTA 1.50 9-Dec-2011
7955 Philippines Education Improvement Sector
Development Program (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.31 14-May-2012
56 8013 Cambodia Support for Public-Private Partnerships in Cambodia
PATA 0.23 16-Dec-2011
57 8036 Regional Promoting Financially Sustainable Regulatory Framework for Water Tariff in South Asia
CDTA 1.00 22-Dec-2011
58 8053 Bangladesh Khilkhet Water Treatment Plant PPTA 0.90 21-Feb-2012
8053 Bangladesh Khilkhet Water Treatment Plant (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.50 12-Aug-2013
59 8060 Regional Promoting Innovations in Wastewater Management in Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 2.00 15-Mar-2012
60 8062 India Maharashtra Solar Park and Green Grid Development Investment Program`
PPTA 0.35 20-Mar-2012
61 8080 Mongolia Logistics Capacity Development CDTA 0.90 22-May-2012
62 8083 Regional Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India Natural Gas Pipeline, Phase 3
RDTA 1.50 24-May-2012
63 8103 PRC Innovative Financing for Urban Infrastructure and Municipal Services in Harbin
PATA 0.40 29-Jun-2012
64 8118 Bangladesh Supporting the Urban Primary Health Care Services Delivery Project
115 8875 Armenia Solid Waste Management Solutions for Remote and Small Communities
PATA 0.55 28-Jan-2015
116 8897 Regional Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector
PPTA 1.50 12-May-2015
8897 Regional Climate-Friendly Agribusiness
Value Chains Sector PPTA 1.00 13-May-2015
117 8908 Regional Infrastructure Public-Private Partnership Pipeline Development Support
CDTA 0.75 21-Jun-2015
8908 Regional Infrastructure Public-Private
Partnership Pipeline Development Support (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.50 4-Jul-2017
118 8909 Regional Enhancing Public-Private Partnership Project Development through Support for ADB
CDTA 1.39 23-Jun-2015
Attachment 1 43
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
Transaction Advisory Services in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
8909 Regional Enhancing Public-Private Partnership Project Development through Support for ADB Transaction Advisory Services in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 0.22 15-Nov-2016
8909 Regional Enhancing Public-Private
Partnership Project Development through Support for ADB Transaction Advisory Services in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 1.48 15-Nov-2016
8909 Regional Enhancing Public-Private
Partnership Project Development through Support for ADB Transaction Advisory Services in Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Supplementary)
CDTA 1.50 5-Apr-2017
119 8921 Myanmar Renewable Energy for the Nationwide Telecommunications Project
CDTA 1.00 30-Jun-2015
120 8924 Philippines Strengthening Institutions for Investments in Mindanao
CDTA 0.23 6-Jul-2015
121 8933 Kazakhstan Joint Government of Kazakhstan and the Asian Development Bank Knowledge and Experience Exchange Program, Phase 2
PATA 1.00 24-Jul-2015
122 8939 Mongolia Concessions for Ulaanbaatar’s Municipal Services
CDTA 0.70 11-Aug-2015
123 8940 PRC Municipality-Level Public-Private Partnership Operational Framework for Chongqing
PATA 0.35 11-Aug-2015
124 8968 PRC Policy Study on the Development of Intercity Railway in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
PATA 0.40 2-Oct-2015
125 8970 Mongolia Improving Access to Health Services for Disadvantaged Groups
PPTA 1.00 2-Oct-2015
126 8983 Regional Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive Growth: Supporting the Implementation of the Operational Plan for Health, 2015–2020
CDTA 1.50 30-Oct-2015
8983 Regional Universal Health Coverage for
Inclusive Growth: Supporting the Implementation of the Operational Plan for Health, 2015–2020
CDTA 0.50 30-Oct-2015
8983 Regional Universal Health Coverage for
Inclusive Growth: Supporting the Implementation of the Operational Plan for Health, 2015–2020
CDTA 1.50 17-Aug-2016
8983 Regional Universal Health Coverage for
Inclusive Growth: Supporting the Implementation of the Operational
CDTA 0.80 12-Apr-2018
44 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
Plan for Health, 2015–2020 (Supplementary)
127 8985 Mongolia Public–Private Partnership in Urban Public Transport Sector of Ulaanbaatar
PATA 0.35 5-Nov-2015
128 8998 Regional Enhancing Public-Private Partnership Projects through Support for Law and Policy Development and Transaction Advisory Services
CDTA 1.40 16-Nov-2015
129 9004 Philippines Implementing the Senior High School Support Program
CDTA 1.50 3-Dec-2015
130 9012 Viet Nam Power Sector Reform Program PATA 1.00 8-Dec-2015
131 9019 Georgia Development of Public-Private Partnerships
PATA 0.50 10-Dec-2015
132 9030 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Affordable Housing and Urban Renewal
PPTA 1.00 10-Dec-2015
133 9048 Regional Promoting Smart Drinking Water Management in South Asian Cities
CDTA 0.50 15-Dec-2015
9048 Regional Promoting Smart Drinking Water
Management in South Asian Cities CDTA 0.75 15-Dec-2015
9048 Regional Promoting Smart Drinking Water
Management in South Asian Cities (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.50 12-Dec-2017
9048 Regional Promoting Smart Drinking Water
Management in South Asian Cities (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.75 12-Dec-2017
134 9110 Regional Enhancing Public–Private Partnership Project Development through Legal Support for ADB Transaction Advisory Services in Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 1.30 28-Apr-2016
9110 Regional Enhancing PPP Project
Development through Legal Support for ADB Transaction Advisory Services in Asia and the Pacific (Supplementary)
CDTA 3.00 13-Nov-2017
135 9071 Philippines Secondary Education Support Program
PPTA 0.50 20-May-2016
136 9163 PRC Mobilizing Pension Fund Financing for Public–Private Partnerships
PATA 0.40 31-Aug-2016
137 9195 PRC Research on Innovative Mechanism for Open Agricultural Investment
PATA 0.40 5-Oct-2016
138 9196 PRC Enhancing Competition in Public Service Delivery
PATA 0.60 5-Oct-2016
139 9205 Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City Wastewater and Drainage System Improvement Project
PPTA 5.00 14-Oct-2016
Attachment 1 45
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
140 9231 Regional Regional Project Development Support for the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Operational Plan, 2016-2025
CDTA 0.50 15-Nov-2016
9231 Regional Regional Project Development
Support for the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Operational Plan, 2016-2025 (Supplementary)
CDTA 2.00 5-Oct-2018
141 9239 Pakistan Supporting Public–Private Partnership Investments in Sindh Province
CDTA 4.75 24-Nov-2016
142 9268 Tajikistan Achieving Food Security through Climate Resiliency Dairy Value Chain Development
PPTA 0.50 9-Dec-2016
143 9300 Cambodia Institutional Capacity Building in the Road Sector
CDTA 1.50 24-Feb-2017
144 9305 Solomon Islands
Tina River Hydropower* PPTA 0.23 24-Mar-2017
145 9267 Regional Promoting and Scaling Up Solar PV Power through Knowledge Management and Pilot Testing in Bangladesh and Nepal (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.35 3-Apr-2017
9267 Regional Promoting and Scaling Up Solar
PV Power through Knowledge Management and Pilot Testing in Bangladesh and Nepal (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.75 3-Apr-2017
9267 Regional Promoting and Scaling Up Solar
PV Power through Knowledge Management and Pilot Testing in Bangladesh and Nepal (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.21 3-Apr-2017
9267 Regional Promoting and Scaling Up Solar
PV Power through Knowledge Management and Pilot Testing in Bangladesh and Nepal (Supplementary)
151 9494 Armenia Vertical Mobility and Safety Improvement Project
TRTA 0.23 6-Nov-2017
46 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
152 9469 Pakistan Enhancing PPPs in Punjab CDTA 4.01 15-Dec-2017
153 9487 Regional Almaty-Bishkek Economic Corridor Support
PATA 1.75 15-Dec-2017
154 9499 Lao PDR Capacity Building for Vientiane Sustainable Urban Transport
CDTA 1.50 5-Feb-2018
155 9523 Philippines The Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) Batangas Liquefied Natural Gas
PPTA 2.00 11-May-2018
156 9539 India Ara Canal Water Productivity Improvement
PPTA 1.00 26-Jun-2018
157 9544 Mongolia Regional Road Development and Maintenance
CDTA 0.70 29-Jun-2018
158 9078 Regional Business Development and Implementation Support for Non-Sovereign Operations (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.52 4-Jul-2018
159 9327 Maldives Greater Male Environmental Improvement and Waste Management (Supplementary)
PPTA 1.00 22-Aug-2018
160 9570 Philippines Railway Project Implementation Support and Institutional Strengthening
PPTA 2.00 22-Aug-2018
161 9332 Armenia Support to Public Efficiency and Financial Markets Program (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.10 20-Sep-2018
162 9603 Georgia Preparing the Water Supply and Sanitation Service Improvement Project
PPTA 0.75 1-Oct-2018
163 9616 PRC Policy Research on Ecological Protection and Rural Vitalization for Supporting Green Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt - Public–Private Financing Mechanism for Chishui Watershed Protection (Subproject 1)
PATA 0.40 15-Oct-2018
9653 PRC Policy Research on Ecological
Protection and Rural Vitalization for Supporting Green Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt - Policy Study on Integrating Poverty Alleviation and Rural Welfare Improvement with Ecological Conservation (Subproject 2)
PATA 0.35 23-Nov-2018
164 9622 India Expanding Infrastructure Financing Capacity
CDTA 0.50 23-Oct-2018
165 9621 Regional Green and Innovative Finance Initiative for Scaling Up Southeast Asian Infrastructure
CDTA 2.50 25-Oct-2018
166 9625 PRC Legislation Research on Public-Private Partnership from the Perspective of National Fiscal Management
PATA 0.40 30-Oct-2018
Attachment 1 47
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
167 9677 Regional Almaty-Bishkek Economic Corridor: Preparing the Modern Agriculture Wholesale Market Development Project
PPTA 1.00 7-Dec-2018
Subtotal Group A
313.82
Group B
168 7227 Lao PDR Small and Mini Hydroelectric Development
PPTA 1.00 14-Jan-2009
7227 Lao PDR Small and Mini Hydroelectric
Development (Supplementary) PPTA 0.60 8-Oct-2010
169 7228 Kyrgyzstan Issyk–Kul Sustainable Development
PPTA 0.70 20-Jan-2009
7228 Kyrgyzstan Issyk–Kul Sustainable
Development PPTA 0.10 20-Jan-2009
170 7240 Uzbekistan Water Supply and Sanitation Services
PPTA 0.85 20-Feb-2009
7240 Uzbekistan Water Supply and Sanitation
Services PPTA 0.15 20-Feb-2009
7240 Uzbekistan Water Supply and Sanitation
Services (Supplementary) PPTA 0.35 7-Dec-2009
171 7267 Sri Lanka Demand-Side Management for Municipal Street Lighting
173 7321 Pakistan Punjab Cities Improvement Investment Program
PPTA 1.00 29-Jul-2009
7321 Pakistan Punjab Cities Improvement
Investment Program PPTA 0.40 29-Jul-2009
174 7345 Vanuatu Port Vila Urban Development PPTA 0.75 10-Sep-2009
7345 Vanuatu Port Vila Urban Development PPTA 0.60 10-Sep-2009
7345 Vanuatu Port Vila Urban Development (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.50 10-Jun-2011
7345 Vanuatu Port Vila Urban Development
(Supplementary) PPTA 0.36 11-Jun-2012
175 7390 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction—Madhya Pradesh State Roads III (Subproject 1)
PPTA 0.60 11-Sep-2009
176 7392 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction—Support for the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (Phase II) (Subproject 2)
CDTA 2.20 11-Sep-2009
177 7355 Nepal Institutional Strengthening of Municipalities
CDTA 0.90 24-Sep-2009
178 7353 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: Working with the Private Sector in Trade Facilitation
PATA 1.50 25-Sep-2009
7353 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic
Cooperation: Working with the Private Sector in Trade Facilitation
PATA 0.50 25-Sep-2009
48 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
7353 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic
Cooperation: Working with the Private Sector in Trade Facilitation (Supplementary)
PATA 1.26 19-Dec-2012
179 7354 Bangladesh Capacity Development of Urban Public and Environmental Health
CDTA 0.50 28-Sep-2009
180 7356 Regional Developing Cross-Border Economic Zones between PRC and Viet Nam
PATA 0.80 30-Sep-2009
181 7378 India Capacity Development of the Assam Power Sector Utilities
CDTA 1.00 18-Nov-2009
182 7382 Palau Sanitation Sector Development PPTA 0.70 20-Nov-2009
183 7404 Regional Contribution to the Technical Assistance Facility of the Private Infrastructure Development Group
RDTA 1.00 3-Dec-2009
184 7415 Bangladesh Greater Dhaka Sustainable Urban Transport Corridor
PPTA 1.00 7-Dec-2009
185 7418 India Integrated Water Resources Management and Sustainable Water Service Delivery in Karnataka
CDTA 0.70 7-Dec-2009
186 7424 Maldives Institutional Strengthening for Economic Management
CDTA 3.00 9-Dec-2009
7425 Maldives Institutional Strengthening for
Economic Management RDTA 0.23 21-Dec-2011
187 7437 Regional Asia Pacific Procurement Partnership Initiative (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.80 11-Dec-2009
7437 Regional Asia Pacific Procurement
Partnership Initiative (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.50 11-Dec-2009
7437 Regional Asia Pacific Procurement
Partnership Initiative (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.16 4-Jan-2011
7437 Regional Asia Pacific Procurement
Partnership Initiative (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.14 27-May-2011
188 7473 Regional Solar Energy Development in South Asia— Opportunity Assessment (Subproject 1)
CDTA 0.54 22-Dec-2009
189 7527 Regional Best Practice for Regulatory Framework and Use of Credit Rating Information of Domestic Credit Rating Agencies in South Asia
PATA 0.55 11-May-2010
190 7557 Regional Promoting Regional Infrastructure Development
RDTA 1.18 29-Jun-2010
7557 Regional Promoting Regional Infrastructure
Development RDTA 1.00 29-Jun-2010
191 7565 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction—Preparing an Investment Plan for Himachal
PPTA 0.60 14-Jul-2010
Attachment 1 49
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
Pradesh Urban Development (Subproject 7)
192 7574 Nepal Governance Support Program (Subprogram 2)
PPTA 0.20 9-Aug-2010
193 7575 Regional Determining the Potential for Carbon Capture and Storage in Southeast Asia
CDTA 0.90 11-Aug-2010
7575 Regional Determining the Potential for
Carbon Capture and Storage in Southeast Asia (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.35 4-Jul-2011
7575 Regional Determining the Potential for
Carbon Capture and Storage in Southeast Asia (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.10 21-Jun-2012
194 7585 Nepal Support to Build Capacity in Technical and Vocational Education and Training
CDTA 0.23 20-Aug-2010
195 7590 India Preparing Hydropower Development for Energy Crisis
PPTA 2.00 2-Sep-2010
196 7591 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Water and sanitation Services and Planning Improvement
PATA 0.60 3-Sep-2010
197 7593 India Capacity Development for Project Implementation
198 7600 Sri Lanka Multimodal Transport Project PPTA 1.00 17-Sep-2010
199 7611 Viet Nam Strengthening Institutional and Financial Arrangements, Operation and Maintenance, and Governance in Road Transport
PATA 1.00 24-Sep-2010
200 7618 Regional Development of Regional Cooperation Programs for Mongolia and the People's Republic of China (Phase 2)
PATA 0.90 14-Oct-2010
201 7628 Nepal Energy Sector Capacity Building CDTA 0.60 27-Oct-2010
202 7644 Regional Greater Mekong Subregion: Preparing the Corridor Towns Development Project
PPTA 0.80 12-Nov-2010
7644 Regional Greater Mekong Subregion:
Preparing the Corridor Towns Development Project
PPTA 1.20 12-Nov-2010
7644 Regional Greater Mekong Subregion:
Corridor Towns Development (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.60 8-Aug-2011
7644 Regional Greater Mekong Subregion:
Corridor Towns Development (2nd Supplementary)
PPTA 0.30 13-Dec-2011
50 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
203 7679 Regional Promoting Renewable Energy, Clean Fuels, and Energy Efficiency in the Greater Mekong Subregion
CDTA 0.80 18-Nov-2010
7679 Regional Promoting Renewable Energy,
Clean Fuels, and Energy Efficiency in the Greater Mekong Subregion
CDTA 0.20 18-Nov-2010
204 7683 Philippines Preparing the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
PPTA 2.00 26-Nov-2010
205 7667 India Capacity Building for Karnataka State Road Sector
CDTA 1.50 29-Nov-2010
206 7749 India Capacity Development for Project Management of Infrastructure Development for Rural Livelihood Enhancement
CDTA 1.00 29-Nov-2010
207 7746 Sri Lanka Technical Education and Vocational Training Sector Development
PPTA 0.80 10-Dec-2010
208 7727 Nepal Integrated Urban Development PPTA 0.80 13-Dec-2010
209 7708 Regional Preparation of Sector Road Maps for Central and West Asia
PATA 1.50 15-Dec-2010
210 7766 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction—Institutional Development for a Value Chain Approach to Agribusiness in Bihar and Maharashtra (Subproject 12)
CDTA 0.85 15-Dec-2010
211 7748 India Improving the Delivery of Urban Services in Madhya Pradesh
CDTA 0.90 16-Dec-2010
212 7144 Viet Nam Da Nang Water Supply (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.20 27-Dec-2010
7144 Viet Nam Da Nang Water Supply
(Supplementary) PPTA 0.75 7-Jul-2011
213 7781 Philippines Rural Community-Based Renewable Energy Development in Mindanao
PATA 2.00 16-Feb-2011
214 7787 Regional Pacific Regional Information and Communications Technology Connectivity (Phase 2)
PPTA 0.90 14-Mar-2011
215 7791 Regional Capacity Building for Implementing Private Sector-Led Integration in South Asia
CDTA 0.68 16-Mar-2011
216 7802 India Capacity Building for Commercial Bank Lending for Solar Energy Projects
CDTA 0.75 8-Apr-2011
7802 India Capacity Building for Commercial
Bank Lending for Solar Energy Projects
CDTA 0.50 8-Apr-2011
217 7814 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Rajasthan Solar Park Capacity Development (Subproject 13)
CDTA 0.50 11-May-2011
Attachment 1 51
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
218 7808 India Development of International Center for Application of Solar Energy Technologies
CDTA 2.00 17-May-2011
219 7812 Regional Developing a Disaster Risk Financing Capability
PATA 2.00 23-May-2011
220 7833 Regional Capacity Building for the Efficient Utilization of Biomass for Bioenergy and Food Security in the Greater Mekong Subregion
CDTA 4.00 29-Jun-2011
221 7867 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening for the Assam Urban Infrastructure Investment Program (Subproject 15)
CDTA 0.60 7-Sep-2011
222 7884 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Capacity Building for Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development (Subproject 16)
CDTA 0.60 11-Oct-2011
223 7885 Viet Nam Support to Central and Local Governments to Implement Urban Environmental Improvement Programs
CDTA 2.00 12-Oct-2011
224 7899 Regional Collaborative Research and Advisory Services on Public Sector Management
CDTA 0.50 19-Oct-2011
225 7990 Regional Quantum Leap in Wind Power Development in Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 2.00 9-Dec-2011
226 7992 Nepal Skills Development PPTA 0.50 9-Dec-2011
227 7987 Regional Core Environment Program and Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Phase 3
CDTA 14.00 12-Dec-2011
7987 Regional Core Environment Program and
Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Phase 2
CDTA 0.80 12-Dec-2011
7987 Regional Core Environment Program and
Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Phase 2 (Supplementary)
CDTA 8.30 5-Dec-2012
7987 Regional Core Environment Program and
Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Phase 2 (Supplementary)
229 7986 Cambodia Integrated Urban Environmental Management in the Tonle sap Basin
PPTA 0.70 13-Dec-2011
230 7979 Bangladesh Strategic Master Plan for Chittagong Port
PATA 1.00 14-Dec-2011
231 7989 Bangladesh Skills for Employment PPTA 0.70 14-Dec-2011
232 8040 Regional Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity Implementation
CDTA 0.98 15-Dec-2011
233 8008 Uzbekistan Solar Energy Development PATA 1.50 16-Dec-2011 8008 Uzbekistan Solar Energy Development
(Supplementary) PATA 0.75 10-Dec-2012
234 6437 Regional Integrated Trade Facilitation Support for Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (Supplementary)
RETA 0.70 19-Dec-2011
6437 Regional Integrated Trade Facilitation
Support for Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (Supplementary)
RETA 0.50 19-Dec-2011
235 8010 India Skills Development for Inclusive Growth
CDTA 1.10 19-Dec-2011
236 8043 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Rajasthan Urban Development Program (Subprogram 22)
PPTA 0.75 22-Dec-2011
8043 India Advanced Project Preparedness
for Poverty Reduction - Rajasthan Urban Development Program (Subproject 22) (2nd Supplementary)
PPTA 0.05 26-Jun-2014
237 8082 PRC Promoting Private Investment for Social and Economic Development in Shaanxi Province
PATA 0.40 25-May-2012
238 8136 Myanmar Myanmar Tourism Master Plan PATA 0.23 5-Jul-2012
239 8137 Georgia Georgia Investment Forum PATA 0.17 12-Jul-2012
240 8145 Bangladesh Secondary Education Sector Investment Program
PPTA 0.78 28-Aug-2012
241 8148 Regional Enhancing Coordination of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program
PATA 3.00 30-Aug-2012
8148 Regional Enhancing Coordination of the
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program (Supplementary)
PATA 2.50 27-Jun-2014
242 8160 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: Midterm Review of the Transport and Trade Facilitation Strategy and Implementation Action Plan
PATA 1.50 14-Sep-2012
243 8162 PRC Integrated Strategy for Sustainable Land Management in Dryland Ecosystems
PATA 0.40 17-Sep-2012
Attachment 1 53
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
244 8167 Sri Lanka Capacity Building for Clean Power Development
CDTA 0.90 18-Sep-2012
245 8184 Viet Nam Supporting the Second Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Development Program
PATA 0.80 4-Oct-2012
246 8235 Sri Lanka Human Capital Development Capacity and Implementation Support
CDTA 1.50 3-Dec-2012
8235 Sri Lanka Human Capital Development
Capacity and Implementation Support (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.85 20-Aug-2014
247 8249 Armenia Infrastructure Sustainability Support Program
PATA 0.50 10-Dec-2012
9226 Armenia Infrastructure Sustainability
Support Program (Phase 2) PATA 0.50 10-Nov-2016
248 8261 Nepal Support for Formulating an Economic Development Vision
CDTA 0.70 11-Dec-2012
249 8287 Indonesia Scaling Up Renewable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia
CDTA 1.00 12-Dec-2012
8287 Indonesia Scaling Up Renewable Energy
Access in Eastern Indonesia (Supplementary)
CDTA 1.00 25-Sep-2013
250 8327 Myanmar Developing the Asset Management Program for Myanmar Roads
CDTA 1.37 20-Feb-2013
251 8328 Afghanistan Supporting the Inter-Ministerial Commission for Energy
PATA 1.50 22-Feb-2013
252 8346 Nepal Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
PPTA 1.10 5-Apr-2013
253 8401 Afghanistan Gas Development Master Plan PATA 0.80 11-Jul-2013
8401 Afghanistan Gas Development Master Plan PATA 0.70 11-Jul-2013
254 8427 India Uttar Pradesh Major District Road Investment Program
PPTA 0.70 13-Aug-2013
255 8429 India Bangalore Cluster City Development Investment Program
PPTA 1.30 16-Aug-2013
256 8445 PRC Policy and Management System Development for Rural Environmental Protection
PATA 0.45 11-Sep-2013
8445 PRC Policy and Management System
Development for Rural Environmental Protection
PATA 0.10 11-Sep-2013
257 8465 Mongolia Connectivity for Future Growth PATA 0.50 26-Sep-2013
258 8163 Regional Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2) (Supplementary)
PATA 5.00 4-Oct-2013
8163 Regional Implementing the Greater Mekong
Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2) (Supplementary)
PATA 0.50 4-Oct-2013
259 8476 PRC Strategy for Restructuring Inland Waterway Transport and Multimodal Logistics in Chongqing
PATA 0.40 7-Oct-2013
54 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
260 8500 Nepal Institutional and Legal Support for Improved Water Management Systems in Nepal and Formation of the Bagmati River Basin Organization
PATA 0.50 31-Oct-2013
261 8503 Regional Partnership for Innovation in Education in Asia and the Pacific
PATA 1.30 11-Nov-2013
8503 Regional Partnership for Innovation in
Education in Asia and the Pacific PATA 0.40 11-Nov-2013
262 8201 PRC Jiangxi Zhelin Lake Water Resources Integrated Utilization (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.29 26-Nov-2013
263 8521 Nepal Supporting Education and Skills Development
CDTA 1.00 2-Dec-2013
8521 Nepal Supporting Education and Skills
Development (Supplementary) CDTA 0.50 7-Dec-2017
264 8534 Regional A Program of Studies on Low-Carbon Development of the PRC and India
PATA 1.00 6-Dec-2013
265 8567 Uzbekistan Innovations for Agriculture Modernization
RDTA 1.00 13-Dec-2013
266 8568 Regional South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub CDTA 0.85 13-Dec-2013
8568 Regional South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub CDTA 0.50 13-Dec-2013
8568 Regional South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.06 14-Aug-2014
267 8571 India Supporting Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Kerala
PPTA 0.23 13-Dec-2013
268 8579 Mongolia Public Finance Resource Management
PATA 0.50 13-Dec-2013
269 8580 PRC Innovative Models for Climate Change Financing
CDTA 0.30 16-Dec-2013
270 8597 Bangladesh SASEC Railway Connectivity Investment Program
PPTA 1.50 18-Dec-2013
271 8598 India Madhya Pradesh District Connectivity Sector
PPTA 0.23 18-Dec-2013
272 8636 Regional Mainstreaming Results-Based Public Sector Management—Supporting the Initiatives of the Asia-Pacific Community of Practice on Managing for Development Results
CDTA 0.50 8-Apr-2014
8636 Regional Mainstreaming Results-Based
Public Sector Management—Supporting the Initiatives of the Asia-Pacific Community of Practice on Managing for Development Results (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.05 30-Jun-2015
273 8674 Regional Trade and Transport Facilitation in the Pacific
CDTA 2.00 30-Jun-2014
8674 Regional Trade and Transport Facilitation in
the Pacific (Supplementary) CDTA 1.00 23-Aug-2017
274 8683 Pakistan Punjab Intermediate Cities Improvement Investment Program
PPTA 0.80 10-Jul-2014
Attachment 1 55
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
8683 Pakistan Punjab Intermediate Cities
Improvement Investment Program PPTA 0.50 18-Feb-2016
275 8691 India Karnataka State Highways Improvement III
PPTA 0.60 24-Jul-2014
276 8708 Bhutan South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Transport, Trade Facilitation and Logistics
278 8727 Regional Study for a Power Sector Financing Road Map within Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
RDTA 1.50 26-Sep-2014
279 8728 PRC Improving Efficiency in Public Service Procurement, Delivery, and Financing
PATA 0.80 26-Sep-2014
280 8152 Azerbaijan Baku Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Supplementary)
PPTA 0.12 24-Oct-2014
281 8749 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Capacity Development of Institutions in the Urban Sector in Rajasthan
CDTA 1.00 24-Oct-2014
282 7734 India Knowledge Management for Inclusive Growth (Supplementary)
PATA 0.75 17-Nov-2014
283 8776 Mongolia Coal to Cleaner Fuel Conversion for Heating in Ger District and Power Generation
PATA 0.35 4-Dec-2014
284 8789 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: Knowledge Sharing and Services in Transport and Transport Facilitation
PATA 1.80 12-Dec-2014
8789 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic
Cooperation: Knowledge Sharing and Services in Transport and Transport Facilitation
PATA 0.20 17-Nov-2016
8789 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic
Cooperation: Knowledge Sharing and Services in Transport and Transport Facilitation
PATA 0.75 17-Nov-2016
8789 Regional Central Asia Regional Economic
Cooperation: Knowledge Sharing and Services in Transport and Transport Facilitation (Supplementary)
PATA 0.30 6-Oct-2017
285 8808 Afghanistan Renewable Energy Development CDTA 1.00 12-Dec-2014
286 8791 Bhutan Acceleration of Hydropower Trading Development
CDTA 1.00 15-Dec-2014
56 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
287 8795 Pakistan Peshawar Sustainable Bus Rapid Transit Corridor
PPTA 1.50 15-Dec-2014
288 8826 Indonesia Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program
PATA 1.00 15-Dec-2014
289 8813 Regional Information and Communication Technology for Development Initiative Facility in Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 1.00 16-Dec-2014
8813 Regional Information and Communication
Technology for Development Initiative Facility in Asia and the Pacific (Supplementary)
CDTA 1.00 28-Jun-2017
290 8854 PRC Developing Innovative Financing Mechanism and Incentive Policies to Promote Demand-Side Management in the Electricity Sector
PATA 0.40 18-Dec-2014
8854 PRC Developing Innovative Financing
Mechanism and Incentive Policies to Promote Demand-Side Management in the Electricity Sector (Supplementary)
PATA 0.35 9-Oct-2015
291 8846 PRC Qinghai Haidong Urban-Rural Eco Development
PPTA 0.75 19-Dec-2014
292 8872 PRC Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Land Management in the Western Regions
CDTA 5.25 9-Jan-2015
293 8749 India Advanced Project Preparedness for Poverty Reduction - Capacity Development of Institutions in the Urban Sector in Rajasthan (Subproject 32) (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.23 9-Apr-2015
294 8887 Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 1 and 3 Connector Road
PPTA 1.00 22-Apr-2015
295 8898 Regional Strengthening Resilience to Climate Change in the Health Sector in the Greater Mekong Subregion
332 9518 Regional Sustainable Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific
CDTA 1.50 1-May-2018
333 9538 Uzbekistan Economic Management Improvement Program (Subprogram 1)
CDTA 1.00 26-Jun-2018
334 9555 Indonesia Supporting Logistics Sector Development
CDTA 1.00 1-Aug-2018
335 9350 Regional Implementing the Regional Cooperation and Integration Operational Plan (Supplementary)
RDTA 0.70 17-Aug-2018
336 9564 Regional Floating Solar Energy Development
CDTA 3.00 17-Aug-2018
337 9567 Indonesia Sustainable Infrastructure Assistance Program - Strengthening State Procurement Systems for Faster Infrastructure Delivery (Subproject 12)
CDTA 0.75 20-Aug-2018
338 9585 PRC Policy and Capacity Building for Elderly Care
PATA 0.40 10-Sep-2018
339 9598 Regional Capacity Building for Grievance Redress and Dispute Resolution During Project Implementation
CDTA 0.75 26-Sep-2018
340 9229 Regional Support to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Economic Community (Supplementary)
CDTA 3.00 28-Sep-2018
341 8899 India Strengthening Capacity of the National Urban Health Mission (Supplementary)
CDTA 0.50 1-Oct-2018
342 9600 Regional Southeast Asia Energy Sector Development, Investment Planning and Capacity Building Facility
PPTA 4.00 1-Oct-2018
343 9602 Bangladesh Knowledge Solutions for Inclusive and Sustainable Development
RDTA 1.00 1-Oct-2018
344 9605 Georgia Second Domestic Resource Mobilization Program
PPTA 0.75 1-Oct-2018
345 9626 India Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System
PPTA 2.00 31-Oct-2018
346 9627 Kyrgyzstan Promoting Economic Diversification Program
PPTA 0.50 2-Nov-2018
347 9632 Bangladesh Institutional Strengthening of the Bangladesh Rural Road Sector for Sustainable Development
CDTA 1.00 5-Nov-2018
348 9635 India Capacity Building for Project Design, Implementation and Evaluation
CDTA 2.50 6-Nov-2018
349 9644 Papua New Guinea
Preparing the Civil Aviation Investment Program
PATA 1.50 16-Nov-2018
60 Attachment 1
TA Count
TA No. Country Project Name New Type
Amount ($ million)
Date Approved
350 9665 India Strategic Interventions for Economic Transformation – Strengthening Knowledge for Enhancing Development Outcomes
PATA 3.70 6-Dec-2018
Subtotal Group B
255.76
Total
569.59
CDTA = capacity development technical assistance; PATA = policy and advisory technical assistance; PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance; RDTA = research and development technical assistance; TRTA = transaction technical assistance. Notes: 1. Group A = TAs with significant PPP elements 2. Group B = TAs with some PPP elements
3. Excludes cancelled projects
Source: Raw data from Office of Public-Private Partnership; Classification by Independent Evaluation Department.
Attachment 2 61
EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
Overarching Question: To what extent has ADB facilitated private sector participation in the provision of quality infrastructure and social services through Public-Private Partnerships in Asia and the Pacific?
Evaluation questions Study components/activities Evaluation Criterion
1. Has ADB’s strategy to foster the PPP enabling environment in ADB’s DMCs been relevant and effective?
(i) Has ADB’s support for the PPP enabling environment resulted policy changes, procurement process improvements or the strengthening of PPP institutional architecture?
• Document reviews
• Key informant interviews
• Case studies
Contribution to Public and Private Sector Strategic Development Objectives
(ii) Has ADB’s PPP policy advisory work shown responsiveness to different country contexts and across key sectors?
• Document reviews
• Key informant interviews
• Program case studies
ADB Relevance and Effectiveness, Additionality and Work Quality
2. To what extent has ADB’s support for downstream PPPs interventions resulted in improved accessibility and delivery of sustainable infrastructure and services?
(iii) How has ADB’s revised operational and strategic approach to PPPs delivered improved accessibility in different country contexts and across key sectors?
• Document reviews
• Key informant interviews
• Case studies
Contribution to Public and Private Sector Strategic Development Objectives
(iv) Is ADB effective in supporting PPP interventions through technical assistance and nonsovereign interventions in both larger DMCs and smaller frontier markets?
• Document reviews
• Key informant interviews
• Case studies
ADB Relevance and Effectiveness, Additionality and Work Quality
3. Is ADB’s support for PPPs in Asia and the Pacific responsive to the needs of stakeholders both sovereign and nonsovereign?
(v) What is the unique role that external clients, both sovereign and nonsovereign wish to see ADB play in supporting PPPs in Asia and the Pacific?
• Document reviews
• Key external informant and peer institution interviews
• Case studies
ADB Additionality, Relevance and Effectiveness
62 Attachment 2
4. To what extent does ADB’s current organizational setup and resources improve the delivery of support for PPPs?
(vi) Is ADB’s organization for delivery internally coordinated?
(vii) Is the full range of ADB’s institutional knowledge, skills, staffing and resources (One ADB) delivered to clients in a cost effective and sustainable manner?
• Document reviews
• Key informant interviews
• Program case studies
ADB’s Organization for Delivery, Business Success, and Sustainability
5. Has upstream work on PPPs been coordinated with downstream, more transaction-oriented advisory or project financing?
(viii) Does ADB’s Upstream and Downstream Support require greater coordination?
• Document reviews
• Key informant interviews
• Program case studies
ADB’s Organization for Delivery, Business Success, and Sustainability
ADB = Asian Development Bank, DMC = developing member countries, PPP = public-private partnerships.