PROPOSED CLINICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY UNITS 40 …

LF Acoustics Ltd Wrest Park Enterprise Centre

Building 52, Wrest Park Silsoe, Bedfordshire

MK45 4HS

t: 01525 888046 e: [email protected]

Registered in England

Company Reg: 8434608

NOISE ASSESSMENT

PROPOSED CLINICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY, UNITS 40-46 MARINER, LICHFIELD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE,

TAMWORTH

STERICYCLE

JULY 2019

Tamworth Noise r1.0 130719.docx

NOISE ASSESSMENT

PROPOSED CLINICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY, UNITS 40-46 MARINER, LICHFIELD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE,

TAMWORTH

STERICYCLE

JULY 2019

Revision Prepared By Date

1.0 L Jephson BEng (Hons) MIOA 13/7/19

This report has been prepared using all reasonable skill and care within the resources and brief agreed with the client. LF Acoustics Ltd accept no responsibility for matters outside the terms of the brief or for use of this report, wholly or in part, by third parties.


CONTENTS

1. Introduction 1

2. Applicable Standards and Guidance 2

3. Site Description and Development Proposals 5

4. Noise Monitoring 6

5. Calculation and Assessment of Noise Levels 10

6. Summary 15

References

Figures

Appendices

Tamworth Noise r1.0 130719.docx 1

1. Introduction

LF Acoustics Ltd have been appointed by Stericycle to undertake a noise assessment in support of a planning application for a proposed clinical waste treatment facility located at Units 40-46 Mariner, Lichfield Industrial Estate, Tamworth.

Units 40 – 46 are located centrally within the industrial estate and presently unoccupied. It is proposed to locate the treatment facility within the existing unit, where the processing plant would be housed. A new extension is proposed within which trailers would be parked and loaded with the processed material and filled via a conveyor from the building. Externally, noise would be principally attributable to vehicle movements, with vehicles reversing back to the building to unload, with all unloading carried out internally.

The site would operate on a 24 hour basis. Generally, noise would be principally attributable to the operation of the plant and movement of bins within the building, with an occasional vehicle movement in the yard to be parked once unloaded / loaded. The peak vehicle movements would be between 04:00 – 06:00 hours when the vehicles leave for the daily rounds, returning normally between 13:00 – 15:00 hours.

The following section of this report summarises the standards and guidance applicable to this development, with a description of the site and its surroundings provided within Section 3. Section 4 presents the results of a noise monitoring exercise carried out to establish the existing noise levels at the surrounding noise sensitive receptors. Section 5 presents the results of calculated noise levels attributable to the operation of the facility and assesses the levels against the relevant criteria. Finally, Section 6 provides a summary of the report.


2. Applicable Standards and Guidance

2.1. A description of the noise units referred to in this report is provided in Appendix A.

2.2. National Planning Policy Framework

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), revised in February 2019 [1], sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these should be applied. It provides a framework upon which locally-prepared plans for housing and other development can be produced.

The purpose of the planning system is to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development and at the heart of the Framework is a presumption in favour of sustainable development.

With regards noise, paragraph 180 of the NPPF advises that local planning policies and decisions should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:

preventing new and existing development from contributing to, being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by, unacceptable levels noise pollution.

mitigate and reduce to a minimum potential adverse impacts resulting from noise from new development (including cumulative effects) – and avoid noise giving rise to significant adverse impacts on health and the quality of life;

identify and protect tranquil areas which have remained relatively undisturbed by noise and are prized for their recreational and amenity value for this reason.

Reference is made within the NPPF to the Noise Policy Statement for England [2] (NPSE), which sets out the long term vision of the Government noise policy. Further information has been provided on the assessment of noise within recent Planning Practice Guidance, published in March 2014 and available on the Government planning web site. Whilst this guidance does not provide any objective criteria upon which to base noise assessments, the guidance provides a description of the relevant Effects Levels identified within the NPPF and NPSE and this is reproduced in Table 2.1.


Perception Examples of Outcomes Increasing Effect Level Action

Not noticeable No Effect No Observed Effect (NOEL)

No specific measures required

Noticeable and not intrusive

Noise can be heard, but does not cause any change in behaviour or attitude. Can slightly affect the acoustic character of the area but not such that there is a perceived change in the quality of life.

No Observed Adverse Effect

No specific measures required

Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)

Noticeable and intrusive

Noise can be heard and causes small changes in behaviour and/or attitude, e.g. turning up volume of television; speaking more loudly; where there is no alternative ventilation, having to close windows for some of the time because of the noise. Potential for some reported sleep disturbance. Affects the acoustic character of the area such that there is a perceived change in the quality of life.

Observed Adverse Effect

Mitigate and reduce to a minimum

Significant Observed Adverse Effect Level (SOAEL)

Noticeable and disruptive

The noise causes a material change in behaviour and/or attitude, e.g. avoiding certain activities during periods of intrusion; where there is no alternative ventilation, having to keep windows closed most of the time because of the noise. Potential for sleep disturbance resulting in difficulty in getting to sleep, premature awakening and difficulty in getting back to sleep. Quality of life diminished due to change in acoustic character of the area.

Significant Observed Adverse Effect

Avoid

Noticeable and very disruptive

Extensive and regular changes in behaviour and/or an inability to mitigate effect of noise leading to psychological stress or physiological effects, e.g. regular sleep deprivation/awakening; loss of appetite, significant, medically definable harm, e.g. auditory and non-auditory

Unacceptable Adverse Effect

Prevent

Table 2.1 Significance Criteria

2.3. British Standard BS 4142

BS 4142 [3] is the British Standard for rating and assessing noise of a commercial or industrial nature and is relevant to the noise associated with the operation of the poultry units.

BS 4142 is a comparative standard in which the estimated noise levels from the proposed development are compared to the representative / typical background noise level from existing uses.

BS 4142 relates the likelihood of complaint to the difference between the Rating Level of the noise being assessed and the background noise level.

The background noise level is the LA90 noise level, usually measured in the absence of noise from the source being assessed, but may include other existing industrial or commercial sounds. The background noise levels should generally be obtained from a series of measurements each of not less than 15 minute duration.


The Rating Level of the noise being assessed is defined as its LAeq noise level (the 'specific noise level'), with the addition of appropriate corrections should the noise exhibit a marked impulsive and/or tonal component, or should the noise be irregular enough in character to attract attention. The extent of the correction is dependent upon the degree of tonality or character in the noise and is determined either by professional judgement, where the plant is not operational at present, or by measurement.

During the daytime, the specified noise levels are determined over a reference time interval of 1 hour, with a 15 minute assessment period adopted at night.

If the Rating Level of the noise being assessed exceeds the background level by 10 dB or more BS 4142 advises that there is likely to be an indication of a significant adverse impact, depending upon context. A difference between background level and Rating Level of around 5 dB is likely to be an indication of an adverse impact, depending upon context. The lower the Rating Level is, relative to the background noise level, the less likely the specific source will have an adverse or significant adverse impact. Where the Rating Level does not exceed the background noise level is an indication of a low impact, depending upon context.

Where the initial assessment of impact needs to be modified due to the context, all pertinent factors should be taken into account, including:

The absolute level of sound;

Where background sound levels and rating levels are low, absolute levels might be as, or more, relevant than the margin by which the rating level exceeds the background; and

The sensitivity of the receptor and whether the premises will already incorporate measures to ensure good internal and/or external acoustic conditions.

2.4. British Standard BS 8233

BS 8233 [4] recommends design aims for noise levels to be achieved in buildings.

For residential properties, the guidance recommends the following internal design aims for the daytime (07:00 – 23:00) and night-time (23:00 – 07:00) periods:

35 dB LAeq,T within living rooms and bedrooms during the daytime (07:00 – 23:00);

40 dB LAeq,T within dining areas / rooms during the daytime (07:00 – 23:00);

30 dB LAeq,T within bedrooms during the night-time (23:00 – 07:00) and

50 – 55 dB LAeq,T within gardens and patios.


3. Site Description and Development Proposals

3.1. Site Description

The proposed treatment facility would be located at Units 40 – 46 Mariner, within the Lictchfield Industrial Estate.

The units are located centrally within the industrial estate and presently unoccupied. It is proposed to locate the treatment facility within the existing unit.

Internally, there would be a waste processing plant and a bin wash. The main area of the building would be used to store the bins prior to and following emptying, with the main sources of noise internally attributable to the main plant and movement of bins.

Vehicles would unload and load through the doors located on the west side of the building. The vehicles would revers back to the doors and unload inside the building. Externally, noise would be principally attributable to vehicle movements.

A new extension building would be constructed to the south side of the building, where two walking floor trailers would be parked. The processed material would be conveyed out of the building and loaded directly into the trailers. Typically, two loads would be removed from site each day.

The layout of the proposed building is indicated on Figure 1.

The peak vehicle movements would be between 04:00 – 06:00 hours and 13:00 – 15:00 hours each day as the vehicles depart for their rounds and return later in the day. During this time, the vehicles leave the site periodically. 20 vehicles would be based at the depot and on the basis of typical movement patterns at other depots, typically 2 -3 vehicles would depart or arrive every 15 minutes over these periods. During the morning periods, the drivers would typically start their engines, which would be left idling for a few minutes whilst the daily checks are carried out, before driving off site.

At other periods during the day, there would be an occasional vehicle movement within the yard, as vehicles are moved once they have been unloaded and parked.

3.2. Noise Sensitive Receptors

As indicated previously, the units are located centrally within the industrial estate and generally well screened from the surrounding residential properties. The location of the site and surrounding properties is indicated on Figure 2.

There are properties to the south, located along Buckingham Road and Swallowfield. The closest properties are approximately 200 metres from the proposed facility.

Properties to the north, located along Roman Way and Edgar Close are approximately 130 metres from the proposed facility. These properties would be effectively screened from the facility by other industrial units and the noise barrier located along the norther side of the West Coast Main Line, which runs directly to the south of the properties.

Whilst less sensitive to noise, there are a small number of offices within the industrial units located on the opposite side of Mariner to the proposed facility, which have also been considered within this assessment.


4. Noise Monitoring

In order to determine the existing noise levels at the surrounding properties and to establish typical background noise levels upon which to base the assessment, attended noise surveys were carried out during the daytime and night-time period on 10th / 11th June 2019.

A Rion NL-52 Class 1 Sound Level Meter was used for the survey, which was calibrated before and after each exercise using a Rion NC-74 Class 1 Acoustic Calibrator, with the instrument reading 94.0 dB on each occasion.

Weather conditions for the survey were fine and dry with light winds, which were suitable for undertaking environmental noise monitoring.

Measurements were obtained at the following locations, indicated on Figure 2:

on the playing field to the north of the properties along Swallowfield and considered representative of the dwellings to the south;

on the pavement outside the dwellings along Roman Way to the north; and

on the pavement adjacent to the offices along Mariner (daytime only).

As each position, the instrument was set on a tripod with the microphone set freefield and at a height of 1.2 metres above the ground.

At each position a series of measurements were obtained during the mid daytime period and between midnight and 02:30 hours. These periods were chosen, as it was considered that the background noise levels would be lower at these times, thus seeking to ensure a worst case assessment.

The results monitored at each location are provided below.


Location 1 - Swallowfield

The results obtained at this location are provided below.

Time Measured Noise Levels [dB]

LAeq,T LAmax,F LA90

Daytime

10:50 43.6 58.9 39.5

11:00 42.0 50.1 38.1

12:25 39.3 49.7 36.8

12:35 46.4 60.0 39.2

13:50 41.3 50.1 38.4

14:00 43.7 54.5 38.1

Night-time

00:00 33.0 51.6 27.9

00:10 28.3 42.6 26.3

01:00 32.8 52.5 26.3

01:10 37.0 49.7 29.0

02:00 30.1 41.4 28.9

02:10 33.5 43.4 29.4

Table 4.1 Results of Noise Monitoring at Swallowfield

Noise levels monitored at this location during the daytime period were principally attributable to distant road traffic, rail movements and plant operating on units within the industrial estate during the daytime periods. Overnight, plant noise was still audible operating at one of the units within the industrial estate.

Based upon the monitoring results, the typical background noise levels at this location are 38 dB LA90 during the daytime and 28 dB LA90 overnight.


Location 2 – Roman Way



LAeq,T LAmax,F LA90

Daytime

11:50 56.2 74.7 35.2

12:00 59.5 74.6 37.7

13:20 55.7 74.2 40.8

13:30 58.7 72.8 39.6

14:45 66.2 79.3 37.9

14:55 58.6 76.2 38.2

Night-time

00:30 34.2 63.0 30.2

00:40 32.6 37.8 31.5

01:30 33.1 47.4 31.8

01:40 40.8 51.1 31.1

02:30 60.0 76.1 31.5

02:40 56.3 75.9 30.5

Table 4.2 Results of Noise Monitoring at Roman Way

Noise levels monitored at this location during the daytime period were principally attributable to plant noise from plant located on other units within the industrial estate and noise associated from the regular train movements. Whilst the train movements clearly influenced the ambient (LAeq) and maximum noise levels, they had no influence on the background (LA90) noise levels.

Overnight, noise levels were influenced by plant operating at other units within the industrial estate.

Based upon the monitoring results, the typical background noise levels at this location are 38 dB LA90 during the daytime and 31 dB LA90 overnight.


Location 3 – Mariner



LAeq,T LAmax,F LA90

Daytime

11:25 65.0 81.2 48.2

11:35 67.3 84.4 49.8

12:55 63.9 78.9 47.6

13:05 67.0 84.9 48.7

14:20 66.2 80.7 48.8

14:30 68.9 88.4 49.9

Table 4.3 Results of Noise Monitoring at Mariner

Noise levels monitored adjacent to the offices along Mariner were noted to be principally influenced by the traffic passing along the road, with regular movements throughout the day. The results indicated typical background noise levels of 48 dB LA90 at this location.


5. Calculation and Assessment of Noise Levels

5.1. Calculated Noise Levels

A noise model for the proposed facility has been prepared within the SoundPlan computer modelling package. The model utilises the calculation methodology from ISO 9613-2 and takes account of the intervening ground conditions. Ground heights for the site and surrounding area have been taken from Google mapping data.

As indicated previously, the peak noise levels within the facility would occur between 04:00 – 06:00 hours and 13:00 – 15:00 hours, as the vehicles leave and return to the site. Generally during these periods between 2 – 3 vehicles would typically depart or arrive over a 15 minute period.

Internally, the facility would operate on a 24 hour basis, with the treatment facility operating throughout, and requiring bins to be moved within the building throughout the day and night-time.

Given the nature of the movements and the operation of the site, the noise levels calculated over a 15 minute or 1 hour period during the hours specified above would therefore be equivalent and thus representative of both day and early morning periods and provide worst case conditions. At other times during the day and night-time, there would be fewer vehicle movements within the yard, thus resulting in lower noise levels.

To determine the noise levels within the building, noise measurements were obtained within an equivalent facility located at Larkswood, Kent. That site operates similar plant to that proposed at Tamworth, with two bin washes located adjacent to the main plant and bin movement within the building throughout the day. The measurement obtained within that facility indicated an internal level of 75.3 dB LAeq, which is considered representative of the noise levels within the proposed facility.

The building is predominantly clad with profiled steel cladding, which would not change with the proposed facility. There would be a requirement to leave up to four doors along the western side of the building open throughout the day and night-time periods to allow vehicles to reverse and unload.

Externally, as indicated previously, typically 2 – 3 vehicles would depart over a 15 minute period. Prior to leaving, the drivers would start the vehicle and leave it idling for a short period (typically 5 minutes) whilst the daily checks are completed before driving off.

Calculations of the noise levels attributable to the operation of the facility are provided on Figure 3, which indicated the overall noise levels attributable to the operation of the facility and vehicle movements. As indicated above, the calculations are representative for both the early morning periods, assessed over a 15 minute period and for daytime, assessed over a 1 hour period.

5.2. Assessment

The calculations presented on Figure 3 indicate generally low levels of noise at the surrounding properties, as the majority of the properties would be effectively screened by other industrial units.


Higher noise levels would be experienced at a small number of properties to the south west of the site, where there is a line of sight between the properties and the units and to the north west, where there is also a small gap between other industrial units. Noise levels at these properties have been assessed against the requirements to BS 4142. The calculation results for these properties are provided in Appendix B.

The calculations indicate that the noise generated by the operation of the site would be influenced by a mix of vehicle movements and plant noise. Noise attributable to the vehicle movements would not be uncharacteristic for the industrial estate and thus no penalties have been considered when assessing the noise against BS 4142. Noise from the operation of the facility, observed at the existing site, was noted to be continuous and not tonal in nature. Given that there were no distinguishing features identified associated with the operation, no penalties have therefore been considered necessary to be applied when assessing the general site noise.

Properties to South West

Description General Noise from Operation of Facility

Noise During Early Morning Vehicle Movements

Calculated Noise Level at Dwelling [dB LAeq, 1 hour]

35 37

Character Correction 0 0

Rating Level [dB LAeq, 1 hour] 35 37

Background Level [dB LA90] 28 28

Excess Over Background +7 +9

Likelihood of Impact Assessment indicates a likelihood of adverse impact, depending upon

context

Assessment indicates a likelihood of adverse impact, which could be

significant depending upon context

Table 5.1 BS 4142 Assessment Properties to the South West – Early Morning




35 37




Excess Over Background -3 -1

Likelihood of Impact Assessment indicates low impact Assessment indicates low impact

Table 5.2 BS 4142 Assessment Properties to the South West – Daytime

During the daytime periods, the assessment indicates that the operation of the facility would be unlikely to result in adverse noise impacts at these properties and thus acceptable.


Overnight, the assessment indicates that the operation of the facility would have the potential to generate adverse noise impacts. Where the initial assessment of external noise levels indicates a potential for impacts, BS 4142 advises that the assessment should be considered in context and particularly at night, the overall level of noise is as, if not more, important than the level by which the background noise levels are exceeded.

In this context, the results indicate that the noise levels generated by the operation of the site would be generally equivalent to the prevailing ambient noise overnight and at worst there maybe a just perceptible increase in ambient noise levels.

During the periods when the vehicles are leaving the site, noise levels would increase, however, there would only be a small number of vehicle movements, with noise levels likely to be lower than attributable to a vehicle passing along the road passing the properties.

Considering the noise levels within the properties, assuming an open window to provide a worst case assessment, which would typically provide between 10 – 15 dB reduction in noise levels between outside and in. Internally, noise levels during the periods when the vehicles are leaving the site would be 27 dB LAeq,T or lower within the properties, thus ensuring that a good standard of noise was maintained when assessed against the requirements of BS 8233.

It should also be noted that the number of proposed vehicles to be based at the unit would be lower than associated with the previous permitted use, thus any potential impact associated with the vehicle movements is likely to be lower than associated with the previously permitted use.

On this basis, the operation of the proposed facility would not result in any adverse noise impacts upon these properties.

Properties to North




32 37




Excess Over Background +1 +6

Likelihood of Impact Assessment indicated low impact Assessment indicates a likelihood of adverse impact, depending upon

context

Table 5.3 BS 4142 Assessment Properties to the North – Early Morning





32 37




Excess Over Background -6 -1

Likelihood of Impact Assessment indicates low impact Assessment indicates low impact

Table 5.4 BS 4142 Assessment Properties to the North – Daytime

During the daytime periods, the assessment indicates that the operation of the facility would be unlikely to result in any adverse noise impacts at these properties and thus acceptable.

Overnight, the assessment indicates that the general operation of the facility would not generate adverse noise impacts, when assessed against BS 4142. Higher noise levels would be experienced during the period when the vehicles were leaving the site and where the initial assessment of external noise levels indicates a potential for impacts, BS 4142 advises that the assessment should be considered in context and particularly at night, the overall level of noise is as, if not, more important than the level by which the background noise levels are exceeded.

In this context, the results indicate that the noise levels generated by the operation of the site would be generally equivalent to the prevailing ambient noise overnight and significantly lower during periods when trains are passing along the West Coast Main Line.

Noise levels attributable to the vehicle movements would be considerably lower than attributable to a passing train.

Considering the noise levels within the properties, assuming an open window to provide a worst case assessment, which would typically provide between 10 – 15 dB reduction in noise levels between outside and in. Internally, noise levels during the periods when the vehicles are leaving the site would be 27 dB LAeq,T or lower within the properties, thus ensuring that a good standard of noise was maintained when assessed against the requirements of BS 8233.

It should also be noted that the number of proposed vehicles to be based at the unit would be lower than associated with the previous permitted use, thus any potential impact associated with the vehicle movements is likely to be lower than associated with the previously permitted use.

On this basis, the operation of the proposed facility would not result in any adverse noise impacts upon these properties.

Offices Along Mariner

There are a small number of offices located within the industrial units along Mariner. The noise monitoring carried out at this location indicated relatively high levels of noise attributable to existing vehicle movements along the road, with levels typically above 65 dB LAeq.

Calculations of the noise levels attributable to the operation of the proposed facility indicated that the noise at the neighbouring offices would be principally associated with the vehicle movements into and out of the site, with a level of 50 dB LAeq predicted during peak periods.


This level of noise is considerably below the existing ambient noise levels, with the additional vehicle movements not resulting in any increase in noise levels at the offices.

On this basis, the operation of the proposed facility would have no adverse impact upon the offices along Mariner.


6. Summary

LF Acoustics Ltd were appointed by Stericycle to undertake a noise assessment in support of a planning application for a proposed clinical waste treatment facility located at Units 40-46 Mariner, Lichfield Industrial Estate, Tamworth.

Units 40 – 46 are located centrally within the industrial estate and presently unoccupied. It is proposed to locate the treatment facility within the existing unit, where the processing plant would be housed. A new extension is proposed within which trailers would be parked and loaded with the processed material and filled via a conveyor from the building. Externally, noise would be principally attributable to vehicle movements, with vehicles reversing back to the building to unload, with all unloading carried out internally.

Noise monitoring has been carried out at properties potentially most likely to be affected by the operation of the facility to determine typical noise levels.

Noise levels associated with the operation of the site have been calculated, based upon the proposed operation taking account of noise within the building and associated with external vehicle movements.

The calculated noise levels have been assessed against the background noise levels, in accordance with the requirements of BS 4142 to identify any potential adverse impacts. Th assessment indicated that the operation of the site would generate acceptable noise levels within the neighbouring properties, thus ensuring any potential adverse noise impacts were minimised.


References

1. Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. National Planning Policy Framework. February 2019.

2. Department for Communities and Local Government. Noise Policy Statement for England. 2010. 3. British Standards Institute. Methods for Rating and Assessing Industrial and Commercial Sound.

BS 4142:2014 + A1:2019.

4. British Standards Institute. Guidance on Sound Insulation and Noise Reduction for Buildings. BS 8233. 2014.


Figures





Appendix A Noise Units

Decibels (dB)

Noise can be defined as unwanted sound. Sound in air can be considered as the propagation of energy through the air in the form of oscillatory changes in pressure. The size of the pressure changes in acoustic waves is quantified on a logarithmic decibel (dB) scale firstly because the range of audible sound pressures is very great, and secondly because the loudness function of the human auditory system is approximately logarithmic.

The dynamic range of the auditory system is generally taken to be 0 dB to 140 dB. Generally, the addition of noise from two sources producing the same sound pressure level, will lead to an increase in sound pressure level of 3 dB. A 3 dB noise change is generally considered to be just noticeable, a 5 dB change is generally considered to be clearly discernible and a 10 dB change is generally accepted as leading to the subjective impression of a doubling or halving of loudness.

A-Weighting

The bandwidth of the frequency response of the ear is usually taken to be from about 18 Hz to 18,000 Hz. The auditory system is not equally sensitive throughout this frequency range. This is taken into account when making acoustic measurements by the use of A-weighting, a filter circuit which has a frequency response similar to the human auditory system. All the measurement results referred to in this report are A-weighted.

Units Used to Describe Time-Varying Noise Sources (LAeq,LA90 and LAmax)

Instantaneous A-weighted sound pressure level is not generally considered as an adequate indicator of subjective response to noise because levels of noise usually vary with time.

For many types of noise the Equivalent Continuous A-Weighted Sound Pressure Level (LAeq,T) is used as the basis of determining community response. The LAeq,T is defined as the A-weighted sound pressure level of the steady sound which contains the same acoustic energy as the noise being assessed over a specific time period, T.

The LA90 is the noise level exceeded for 90% of the measurement period. It is generally used to quantify the background noise level, the underlying level of noise which is present even during the quietest part of the measurement period.

The LAmax is the maximum value that the A-weighted sound pressure level reaches during a measurement period. LAmax,F, or Fast, is averaged over 0.125 of a second.


Appendix B Calculation Details






PROPOSED CLINICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY UNITS 40 …

Documents