Proposal for revising para. 2.2.1 of Regulation ECE R112 Annex 6 Zhang Heng P. R. China Informal document GRE-68-35 (68th GRE, 16-18 October 2012, agenda.

Proposal for revising para. Proposal for revising para. 2.2.1 of Regulation ECE 2.2.1 of Regulation ECE

R112 Annex 6R112 Annex 6

Zhang HengZhang HengP. R. ChinaP. R. China

Informal document GRE-68-35(68th GRE, 16-18 October 2012, agenda item 15)

ContentContent

What does “Resistance to atmospheric What does “Resistance to atmospheric agents” mean?agents” mean?

Proposal to revise four(4) sections of Proposal to revise four(4) sections of Annex 6 para. 2.2.1.Annex 6 para. 2.2.1.

BackgroundBackground

Performance basedPerformance based

We are not going to change the current testingWe are not going to change the current testing

We recommend describe it more accurate We recommend describe it more accurate based on new technique developmentbased on new technique development

Example of ‘temperature of boiling water’ vs. Example of ‘temperature of boiling water’ vs. ‘100 degree C’‘100 degree C’

What does “Resistance to atmospheric What does “Resistance to atmospheric agents” mean?agents” mean?

Exposed to sunlight (especially UV Exposed to sunlight (especially UV radiation), temperature and moisture, radiation), temperature and moisture, automobile lenses may exhibit:automobile lenses may exhibit:• CrackingCracking• ScratchingScratching• ChippingChipping• DeformationDeformation• Optical transmission decreaseOptical transmission decrease• weatheringweathering

Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum

TheThe “size”of the photon is inversely “size”of the photon is inversely proportionate to the wavelengthproportionate to the wavelength

Shorter Wavelengths =Shorter Wavelengths =Increased Chance of DegradationIncreased Chance of Degradation

Energy per Photon (E=hc/λ)Energy per Photon (E=hc/λ)

Problem #1 -- Current WordingProblem #1 -- Current Wording

The spectral energy distribution of the light The spectral energy distribution of the light source is improperly described:source is improperly described: 2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or 2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a

spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 K. a temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 K. Appropriate filters Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2,500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1,200 2,500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1,200 W/m2 W/m2 + + 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 + + 200 MJ/m2. Within the enclosure, the temperature 200 MJ/m2. Within the enclosure, the temperature measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C + + 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min.the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min.

Problem #1: JustificationProblem #1: Justification Black body temperatures are useful for Black body temperatures are useful for

lighting sources and color matching, but lighting sources and color matching, but do not accurately or sufficiently describe do not accurately or sufficiently describe the sunlight spectrum the sunlight spectrum

Most current international weathering Most current international weathering standards describe the standards describe the spectral energy spectral energy distribution of sunlight by referring to CIE distribution of sunlight by referring to CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4

Problem #1: JustificationProblem #1: Justification

Problem #1: ProposalProblem #1: Proposal

Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposedexposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy to radiation from a source having a spectral energy

distribution similar to distribution similar to that of a black body at a that of a black body at a temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 K.temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 K.

Change to:Change to:

Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposedexposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy to radiation from a source having a spectral energy

distribution similar to distribution similar to daylight spectral energy daylight spectral energy distribution described in CIE Publication distribution described in CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4.No. 85:1989, Table 4.

Problem #2 – Current WordingProblem #2 – Current Wording

The SPD of the light source is insufficiently definedThe SPD of the light source is insufficiently defined

2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or 2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature

between 5,500 K and 6,000 K. between 5,500 K and 6,000 K. Appropriate filters shall be placed Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2,500 nm.nm and greater than 2,500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1,200 W/m2 energetic illumination of 1,200 W/m2 + + 200 W/m2 for a period such that the 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 + + 200 MJ/m2. 200 MJ/m2. Within the enclosure, the temperature measured on the black panel placed on a Within the enclosure, the temperature measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C level with the samples shall be 50 °C + + 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min.between 1 and 5 1/min.


Providing only the wavelength range does not Providing only the wavelength range does not sufficiently define the spectrumsufficiently define the spectrum– It is important to accurately specify the It is important to accurately specify the

proportions of wavelength ranges to match proportions of wavelength ranges to match sunlightsunlight

– If the proportions of UV radiation do not match If the proportions of UV radiation do not match sunlight, unrealistic degradation may occursunlight, unrealistic degradation may occur

This is accomplished by the use of This is accomplished by the use of appropriately designed “Daylight” optical appropriately designed “Daylight” optical filtersfilters


Spectral passbandSpectral passband(λ=wavelength in nm)(λ=wavelength in nm)

MinimumMinimum%%

CIE No. 85:1989, CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4Table 4

%%

MaximumMaximum%%

λ<290λ<290 0.150.15

290≤λ≤320290≤λ≤320 2.62.6 5.45.4 7.97.9

320<λ≤360320<λ≤360 28.228.2 38.238.2 39.839.8

360<λ≤400360<λ≤400 54.254.2 56.456.4 67.567.5

Table 1 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lampsTable 1 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters (Ref. ISO 4892-2:2006)with daylight filters (Ref. ISO 4892-2:2006)


SAE J2527-2004 FIGURE C2 (page 17)—DAYLIGHT FILTER VS. SUNLIGHT SPECTRAL POWER DISTRIBUTION


Appropriate filters shall be placed between Appropriate filters shall be placed between thethe source and the samples so as to source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2,500 nm,greater than 2,500 nm, and the minimum and the minimum and maximum levels of the relative and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range are given in Table 1. wavelength range are given in Table 1. (add the green font)(add the green font)



MinimumMinimum%%


%%

MaximumMaximum%%

λ<290λ<290 0.150.15

290≤λ≤320290≤λ≤320 2.62.6 5.45.4 7.97.9

320<λ≤360320<λ≤360 28.228.2 38.238.2 39.839.8

360<λ≤400360<λ≤400 54.254.2 56.456.4 67.567.5


Problem #3: Current WordingProblem #3: Current WordingThe irradiance specification is insufficiently defined The irradiance specification is insufficiently defined and does not conform to international standardsand does not conform to international standards

2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or samples of 2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5,500 K and distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 K. Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so 6,000 K. Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm

and greater than 2,500 nmand greater than 2,500 nm. . The samples shall be exposed to an The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1,200 W/m2 energetic illumination of 1,200 W/m2 + + 200 W/m2 for a period 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 4,500 MJ/m2 + + 200 MJ/m2200 MJ/m2. . Within the enclosure, the temperature Within the enclosure, the temperature measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C + + 5 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min.source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min.

Problem #3: JustificationProblem #3: JustificationUV radiation is the primary cause of degradation UV radiation is the primary cause of degradation from sunlightfrom sunlight

Irradiance of the overall sunlight spectrum is Irradiance of the overall sunlight spectrum is irrelevant because it includes wavelengths that do irrelevant because it includes wavelengths that do not induce degradationnot induce degradation

International standards solved this by specifying International standards solved this by specifying irradiance and luminous energy dosage at a irradiance and luminous energy dosage at a specific wavelength in the UV regionspecific wavelength in the UV region– 0.68 W/m0.68 W/m22 irradiance at 340 nm more precisely irradiance at 340 nm more precisely

represents the intended intensity of 1,200 W/mrepresents the intended intensity of 1,200 W/m22 wording wording– 2,550 kJ/m2,550 kJ/m22 at 340 nm more precisely represents the at 340 nm more precisely represents the

intended luminous energy of 4,500 MJ/mintended luminous energy of 4,500 MJ/m2 2 wordingwording

Problem #3: ProposalProblem #3: ProposalThe samples shall be exposed to The samples shall be exposed to an energetic an energetic

illumination of 1,200 W/millumination of 1,200 W/m22±200 W/m±200 W/m22, , for a for a period such that period such that the luminous energy that they the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4,500 MJ/mreceive is equal to 4,500 MJ/m22±200 MJ/m±200 MJ/m22..

Change to:Change to:

The samples shall be exposed to The samples shall be exposed to an light an light source with irradiance of 0.68±0.02 W/msource with irradiance of 0.68±0.02 W/m22 at at 340nm340nm, , for a period such that for a period such that the radiation the radiation energy that they receive is equal to energy that they receive is equal to 2,550±75 kJ/m2,550±75 kJ/m22..

Problem #4: Current WordingProblem #4: Current WordingExposure uniformity is not defined and hardware Exposure uniformity is not defined and hardware specific current wording violates international standards specific current wording violates international standards guidelines (e.g. ISO, ASTM, SAE)guidelines (e.g. ISO, ASTM, SAE)

2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or samples of 2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5,500 K and 6,000 K. Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to K. Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2,500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of greater than 2,500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1,200 W/m2 1,200 W/m2 + + 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 is equal to 4,500 MJ/m2 + + 200 MJ/m2. Within the enclosure, the temperature 200 MJ/m2. Within the enclosure, the temperature

measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C + + 5 °C5 °C. . In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/minaround the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min ..


The terms “revolve” and “speed” are The terms “revolve” and “speed” are hardware based descriptions and do hardware based descriptions and do nothing to ensure exposure uniformitynothing to ensure exposure uniformityInternational standards (e.g. ISO 4892-International standards (e.g. ISO 4892-2:2006) have solved this problem by 2:2006) have solved this problem by specifying minimum uniformityspecifying minimum uniformity


In order to ensure a regular exposure, In order to ensure a regular exposure, the the samples shall revolve around the source samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 r/minr/min

Change toChange to

In order to ensure a regular exposure, In order to ensure a regular exposure, the the irradiance at any position in the area irradiance at any position in the area used for specimen exposure shall be at used for specimen exposure shall be at least 80% of the maximum irradiance.least 80% of the maximum irradiance.

Update of Update of para. 2.2.1 of Annex 6para. 2.2.1 of Annex 6

2.2.1 Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) 2.2.1 Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposedshall be exposed to radiation from a source having a to radiation from a source having a spectral energy distribution similar to spectral energy distribution similar to daylight spectral daylight spectral energy distribution described in CIE Publication No. energy distribution described in CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 485:1989, Table 4 Appropriate filters shall be placed Appropriate filters shall be placed between thebetween the source and the samples so as to reduce as source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2,500 nm,295 nm and greater than 2,500 nm, and the minimum and the minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range are given in irradiance in the UV wavelength range are given in Table 1. Table 1.


MinimumMinimum%%


%%

MaximumMaximum%%

λ<290λ<290 0.150.15

290≤λ≤320290≤λ≤320 2.62.6 5.45.4 7.97.9

320<λ≤360320<λ≤360 28.228.2 38.238.2 39.839.8

360<λ≤400360<λ≤400 54.254.2 56.456.4 67.567.5


The samples shall be exposed to The samples shall be exposed to an light source an light source with irradiance of 0.68±0.02 W/m2 at 340nmwith irradiance of 0.68±0.02 W/m2 at 340nm, , for a period such that for a period such that the radiation energy that the radiation energy that they receive is equal to 2,550±75 kJ/m2.they receive is equal to 2,550±75 kJ/m2. In In order to ensure a regular exposure, order to ensure a regular exposure, the the irradiance at any position in the area used for irradiance at any position in the area used for specimen exposure shall be at least 80 % of specimen exposure shall be at least 80 % of the maximum irradiance.the maximum irradiance.

ReferenceReference[1] CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4[1] CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4

[2] SAE J2527-2004 Performance based [2] SAE J2527-2004 Performance based standard for accelerated exposure of standard for accelerated exposure of automotive exterior materials using a automotive exterior materials using a controlled irradiance xenon-arc apparatuscontrolled irradiance xenon-arc apparatus

[3] ISO 4892-2:2006 Plastics - Methods of [3] ISO 4892-2:2006 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenon-arc lampsXenon-arc lamps

Questions?Questions?

Proposal for revising para. 2.2.1 of Regulation ECE R112 Annex 6 Zhang Heng P. R. China Informal document GRE-68-35 (68th GRE, 16-18 October 2012, agenda.

Documents

samples of material

new samples lenses

source of radiation

wavelength slide

degree c slide

hc slide

luminous energy

atmospheric agents