Property of Farrah Ferris, MSW ... - lanaic.lacounty.gov• Greater LA Homeless Count 2018: 545 AI/AN alone (not in combination w/ other races); 0.03% of AIAN population • Healthy

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AI/AN & Homelessness in Los Angeles CountyFarrah Ferris, MSW

Hupa/Yurok/Karuk/Redwood Creek UAII - Seven Generations Child and Family Services

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Indigenous Peoples

Three Tribal Groups:

• Gabrieleño/Tongva - Yangna Village

• Fernandeño Tataviam

• Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation

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AI/AN Demographics

• AI/AN (156,000 - 220,000) 2017

• Diversity of AI/AN

• >100 Federally Tribes

• >60 Unrecognized

• Large Population Areas: Palmdale; East LA, City of LA, South Bay, Long Beach

Measure of America - A portrait of LAC 2017-2018

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AI/AN DemographicsAI/AN (156,000 - 220,000) 2017

• Income: median $35,429 or $20,000 * note: unknown (suppressed due to unreliable)

Low income & high rates of unemployment 37%* Educated population:

• Education: (25y+): 16.6% >; 56.6% HS 16.5% - 26.8% BS; 10.3% Graduate;

• Ages: 3-24 years: 66.7% enrolled (lowest enrolled ethnic group in LAC)

• Index: 3.77 (0-10 Scale)

• Housing: not specified

• Health Index: 4.54 (0-10 Scale) Life expectancy: 76.9 years

• Low SocioEconomics: Palmdale; East LA, City of LA, S. Bay, LB Measure of America - A portrait of LAC 2017-2018 * Healthy LA Study

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Epidemics Today

• Diabetes

• Heart Disease

• Substance Abuse

• Cancer

• Poverty

• Lack of Adequate Housing

• Child Abuse and Neglect

• Loss of Culture

• Loss of ‘Connections’

• SI

• DV/IPV

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Federal Policies Affecting: AI/AN Health, Housing, & Well-Being

1849

Indian health transferred from War Department

Full tribal sovereignty,

0% Homelessness

1492

1780

U.S. Constitution

1832

First Appropriation for health care: smallpox vaccine

1850- 1880s

Reservation Era

1887

Dawes Act

1945- 1961

Termination &

Relocation

1955

Indian Health Service

Established

2010

Indian Health Care Improvement Act

Permanent

1975

Indian Self Determination

1924

Voting rights & citizenship

1978

Indian Religious Freedom Act

1973

Food Distribution Program for Indian

Reservations

1974

UAII Established

‘Indian Alley’

1956

Indian Relocation

Act “Adult Voc.

Training Prog”

1956

PL 280

1968

AIM

1889

Boarding School Era

1994

VAWA

2013

VAWA Reauth

Federal Policies Impacting: AI/AN Health, Housing, & Well-Being

• Relocation (6% AI/AN Urban):

• 1950 Navajo-Hopi Law: LA, Salt Lake City, Denver

• 1951-1952: BIA expand to OK, NM, CA, AZ, Utah, CO

• 1955: Cleveland, Dallas, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, St. Louis, SF/Bay area, San Jose, Seattle, & Tulsa

• 1954: 6,200 AI/AN relocated

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Federal Policies Impacting: AI/AN Health, Housing, & Well-Being

• Effects: dissolved reservations; isolation from communities, racial discrimination & segregation

• Instability: low paying jobs - higher expenses - low cost housing terminated with urban renewal (commercial buildings/offices; freeways)

• Children difficulty enrolling in public schools (social discrimination)

• Pan Indian Communities developed

• LA: 2010 Census 140,000 AI/AN

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• Human Development Index: 4.64 (0-10 scale, 10)

• Low Education: Index 3.77 (2nd to last)

• Low Employment Rates/LOW SES

• Wages and Wage GAPS (median $35,429)/LOW SES

• Lack of Access to Services

• DV/IPV

• Loss of Culture/Community Connection

• ACES STUDY

• Mental Health/Behavioral Health

Risk Factors for Homelessness

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Healthy LA Natives Study

Data Source| Healthy LA Natives Study

…and an important risk factor for homelessness

Mental Health Stats

Barriers: AI/AN Data

• Conflicting data on AI/AN Homelessness in LA County.

• Lack of Reliable Sources

• Greater LA Homeless Count 2018: 545 AI/AN alone (not in combination w/other races); 0.03% of AIAN population • Healthy LA Natives Study: 14% of sampled AIAN population (alone and in

combination with other races)

• Los Angeles Department of Mental Health: 300 homeless AIAN clients since 2016 (alone or in combination with other races)

• United American Indian Involvement: 298 homeless AI/AN clients since 2015

• Southern California Indian Center: 20% of client population based on survey; total clients unknown

Why Should WE Care?

• Needs for Our People and Future:

• Normalize

• Access/Quality of Care

• Respect

• Tx of ‘Whole Self ’

• Improve Functioning

• Decrease ImpairmentsPropert

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Barrier: AI/AN vs ‘Homelessness’• Homelessness:

• Statistics

Under Represented & Under Reported, why?

• AI/AN vs LAC Definition

• Stigma: Respect vs Shame

• ‘Faces’ of AI/AN Homelessness We are Resilient!

We ARE Rising!

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AI/AN Service Agencies• American Indian Changing Spirits

• American Indian Counseling Services (LAC DMH)

• FSP

• Outpatient Clinic

• Native American Indian Commission

• Pukuu

• RED Circle Project

• SCIC

• Tribal TANF: Torres-Martinez

• UAII

• Robert Sundance Family Wellness Center

• Medical Clinic

• Seven Generations Child and Family Services

AICSAmerican Indian Changing Spirits

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Cultural Considerations

• AI/AN providers & Allies

• Access/Quality of Care: Office/Field

• Respect

• Pre-Engagement

• Engagement

• Cultural and Community Involvement

• Whole-Person Treatment

AICSAmerican Indian Changing Spirits

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Whole Person Tx/Wellness

• Exercise

• Balanced Eating

• Social Engagement

• Spiritual

• Sleep

• Health

• Community Propert

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Continue Making Meaningful Progress

• Trainings by Our People, For Our People

• RESPECT and Normalization

• Awareness

• Social Media

• Walks

• Legislation Defined by AI/AN

• Court/Tribal Courts

• AI/AN Specific Services

• AI/AN Mental/Behavioral Health Org.

• Native Shelters & Housing Linkage Providers

• ER; Transitional Living; PermanencePropert

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TS'EHDIYAH

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RESOURCES

Measure of America - A portrait of LAC 2017-2018BLACKHAWK, NED. “I CAN CARRY ON FROM HERE: THE RELOCA- TION OF AMERICAN INDIANS TO LOS ANGELES.” WICAZO SA REVIEW 11.2

(AUTUMN, 1995): 16–30. JSTOR. WEB. 19 OCT. 2012. <HTTP://WWW.JSTOR.ORG/STABLE/1409093>.MACCAWLEY, WILLIAM. THE FIRST ANGELINOS: THE GABRIELINO INDIANS OF LOS ANGELES. BANNING: MALKI MUSEUM, 1996.

GREENFELD, LAWRENCE & SMITH, STEVEN. AMERICAN INDIANS AND CRIME. BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS, US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS, FEBRUARY 1999. NCJ 173386. HTTP://WWW.BJS.GOV/CONTENT/PUB/PDF/AIC.PDF

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. VIOLENCE AGAINST AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE WOMEN AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE: WHAT IS KNOWN. 2008:49

10 STEVEN W PERRY, AMERICAN INDIANS AND CRIME- A BJS STATISTICAL PROFILE 1992-2002, BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS, US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS, DECEMBER 2004. HTTP://BJS.OJP.USDOJ.GOV/INDEX.CFM?TY=PBDETAIL&IID=386

*AMERICAN INDIAN POLICY CENTER (AIPC). 1995. “AMERICAN INDIANS AND HOME OWNERSHIP.” THIS RESEARCH PUBLICATION CAN BE FOUND ONLINE AT WWW.AIRPI.ORG/RESEARCH/HOUSING.HTML.

ARVISO ALVORD, LORI. 2000. THE SCALPEL AND THE SILVER BEAR: THE FIRST NAVAJO WOMAN SURGEON COMBINES WESTERN MEDICINE AND TRADITIONAL HEALING. BANTAM DOUBLEDAY DELL PUBLISHER.

*BROWN ER, OJEDA VD, WYN R, AND LEVAN R. 2000. “RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTH CARE.” LOS ANGELES: UCLA CENTER FOR HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH AND THE HENRY J. KAISER FAMILY FOUNDATION. WWW.KFF.ORG/UNINSURED/1525-

INDEX.CFMBURHANSSTIPANOV L. 2000. “URBAN NATIVE AMERICAN HEALTH ISSUES.” CANCER SUPPLEMENT 88(5 SUPPLEMENT): 1207-13.

COHEN K AND COHEN K. 2003. HONORING THE MEDICINE. ONE WORLD/STRIVERS ROW.COX GB, MEIJER L, CARR DI, AND FRENG SA. 1993. “SYSTEMS ALLIANCE AND SUPPORT (SAS): A PROGRAM OF INTENSIVE CASE MANAGEMENT FOR

CHRONIC PUBLIC INEBRIATES: SEATTLE.” ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 10(3-4): 125-138.CUNNINGHAM PJ. “ACCESS TO CARE IN THE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE.” 1993. AHRQ PUBLICATION NO. 94-0010. ROCKVILLE, MD: AGENCY FOR

HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY.DEGETTE D. SEPTEMBER 17, 2002. “CRISIS IN INDIAN COUNTRY: CONGRESS MUST PROVIDE MORE HEALTH CARE FOR AMERICAN INDIANS.” INDIAN

COUNTRY.*DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. 2003. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

WEEKLY REPORT, AUGUST 1, 2003. (SPECIAL ISSUE ON HEALTH DISPARITIES AMONG AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES) WWW.CDC.GOV/MMWR/PDF/SS/SS5207.PDF

DONOVAN L. OCTOBER 21, 1998. “RESERVATION DECLARES EMERGENCY.” BISMARCK TRIBUNE.WOMEN. IN U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. VIOLENCE AGAINST AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE WOMEN AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE: WHAT IS KNOWN. 2008:45