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PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self- practice. They are not meant to be self- sufficient explanations of the grammar topics. For more instruction, please contact Profesora Madera directly. www.profesoramadera.com El Pretérito
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PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Apr 22, 2015

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Cecilio Sauceda
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Page 1: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD

All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-

practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient explanations of the grammar topics. For more instruction, please contact Profesora Madera

directly.

www.profesoramadera.com

El Pretérito

Page 2: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Uses

We use the preterit (el pretérito) to talk about actions that were completed in the past.

This tense signifies that something is over and done with and that it happened a finite number of times.

There is a lot of memorization involved in learning the preterit, so it is important to be patient with yourself and allow a lot of time for practice.

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Page 3: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Forms

Here are the endings to conjugate regular verbs in the preterit:

Subject -ar -er/-ir

yo -é -í

tú -aste -iste

él/ella/Ud. -ó -ió

nosotros/as -amos -imos

vosotros/as -asteis -isteis

ellos/ellas/Uds.

-aron -ieron

yo + bailar = bailé

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Page 4: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Examples of regular preterit conjugations

No bebí leche anoche.Hernando habló de su hermano ayer.Escribimos cartas a nuestras madres la

semana pasada.Ellos compraron muchos libros en la librería.Hablamos con nuestros abuelos durante las

vacaciones de diciembre.Yo comí y mis padres comieron muchos tacos

y burritos ayer.

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Page 5: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

-car, -gar, -zar rule and the “y” rule

With verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar, we need to make some changes when we conjugate them in the “yo” form. With –car ending verbs, we change the “c” to “qu”.

Marcar = marqué, marcaste, marcó, marcamos, marcasteis, marcaron

With –gar ending verbs, we change the “g” to “gu”. Jugar = jugué, jugaste, jugó, jugamos, jugasteis, jugaron

With –zar ending verbs, we change the “z” to “c”. Comenzar = comencé, comenzaste, comenzó, comenzamos,

comenzasteis, comenzaronWith verbs that end in “–eer” and with the verb

“oír” we change the “i” to a “y” when we conjugate the él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds. forms. Leer = leí, leíste, leyó, leímos, leísteis, leyeron Oír = oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oísteis, oyeron Creer – creí, creíste, creyó, creímos, creísteis, creyeron

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Page 6: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Examples of the –car, -gar, -zar rule

Ayer, abracé a mi novio.La semana pasada, expliqué mi tarea de

cálculo a mi madre.Toqué la guitarra el sábado por la noche.Empecé la escuela con una mochila nueva.Pagué la renta hoy.Llegué a tiempo para tomar la prueba.

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Page 7: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

More examples

La clase de español comenzó a las 5:30pm.Los estudiantes oyeron la lección de la

profesora.Ayer estudié para la clase de hoy.Mis amigos y yo jugamos béisbol el domingo

pasado.Tú patinaste en línea la semana pasada.

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Page 8: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

First Set of Irregulars (no accents here)

Ser/IrSer/Ir HacerHacer EstarEstar TenerTener DarDar VerVer DecirDecir TraerTraer

fuifui hicehice estuveestuve tuvetuve didi vivi dijedije trajetraje

fuistefuiste hicistehiciste estuvisteestuviste tuvistetuviste distediste visteviste dijistedijiste trajistetrajiste

fuefue hizohizo estuvoestuvo tuvotuvo diodio viovio dijodijo trajotrajo

fuimosfuimos hicimohicimoss

estuvimoestuvimoss

tuvimostuvimos dimosdimos vimosvimos dijimosdijimos trajimostrajimos

fuisteisfuisteis hicisteihicisteiss

estuvisteiestuvisteiss

tuvisteituvisteiss

disteisdisteis visteisvisteis dijisteisdijisteis trajisteitrajisteiss

fueronfueron hicierohicieronn

estuvieroestuvieronn

tuvierotuvieronn

dierondieron vieronvieron dijerondijeron trajerontrajeron

These two take a “j” before the ending. No “i” on the last form.• Ellos dijeron la verdad.• Nosotros trajimos un regalo para Ana.

These two differ only in the first letter.• Anoche vi la tele.• No me diste el mensaje.

“Tener” is just like “estar” without “es”.• Ellos tuvieron un problema.• Estuve en la universidad ayer.

“Ser” and “ir” are identical. “Hacer” has a stem change.• Fuimos a la clase.• Ana no hizo la tarea.www.profesoramadera.com

Page 9: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Second Set of Irregulars (no accents)

PoderPoder PonerPoner SaberSaber VenirVenir QuererQuerer Andar

pudepude pusepuse supesupe vinevine quisequise anduve

pudistepudiste pusistepusiste supistesupiste vinisteviniste quisistequisiste anduviste

pudopudo pusopuso suposupo vinovino quisoquiso anduvo

pudimospudimos pusimospusimos supimossupimos vinimosvinimos quisimosquisimos anduvimos

pudisteispudisteis pusisteispusisteis supisteissupisteis vinisteisvinisteis quisisteisquisisteis anduvisteis

pudieronpudieron pusieronpusieron supieronsupieron vinieronvinieron quisieronquisieron anduvieron

These three have a “u” in the stem.• Julia pudo terminar la tarea.• Los chicos pusieron todo en orden.• Yo supe la respuesta en el examen.

These two have an “i” in the stem (like “hacer”).• Ayer no vine a clase.• Tú quisiste mucho a tu ex-novia.

“Andar” works just like “estar” and “tener”• Anduve por el parque ayer.

Haber huboHaber hubo

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Page 10: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Stem Changing –ir Verbs

Stem changing –ar and –er verbs in the present tense are not stem changing verbs in the preterit.

However, stem changing –ir verbs in the present are stem changing verbs in the preterit too.

Only the él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds. forms undergo these changes.

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Page 11: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Rules to remember how [-ir] verbs stem change

The stem change is in two places only. 3rd person singular (él, ella, Ud) 3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, Uds)

If it stem changed to two letters in the present, you only honor the first one. [e -> ie] in present is [e -> i] in the preterit [o -> ue] in present is [o -> u] in the preterit

If it stem changed to one letter in the present, you stem change to that same letter. [e -> i] in present is [e -> i] in the preterit.

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Page 12: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Stem Changing –ir Verbs Contd.

Here are the two stem changes for –ir verbs in the preterit: Change e i (preferir, divertirse, sentirse, sugerir, pedir,

despedirse, reírse, repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse, conseguir, sonreír) Preferir = preferí, preferiste, prefirió, preferimos,

preferisteis, prefirieron Reír = reí, reíste, rió, reímos, reísteis, rieron Pedir = pedí, pediste, pidió, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron Conseguir = conseguí, conseguiste, consiguió, conseguimos,

conseguisteis, consiguieron Change o u (dormir, morir)

Dormir = dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron

Morir = morí, moriste, murió, morimos, moristeis, murieron

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Page 13: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Special Meanings in the Preterit

Conocer in the present means “to know” or “to meet”. In the preterit, it only means “to meet”. Conocí a mi novio en una fiesta el año pasado. Mis padres se conocieron en FSU.

Poder in the present means “to be able to”. In the preterit, it means “to manage”. (Implies that you physically tried) Pude sacar el vaso de la caja. Tú pudiste hablar alemán en Alemania, pero tu alemán no fue

muy bueno.No poder in the present means “to be unable”. In the

preterit, it means “to fail after trying to do something”. (Implies that you physically tried) No pude correr dos millas sin parar. No pudimos sacar una A en el examen de la profesora Fuentes.

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Page 14: PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

Special Meanings in the Preterit

Querer in the present tense means “to want”. In the preterit, it means “to try”. (Again, physically) Ellos quisieron entrar a la universidad, pero no fue posible. Quisimos ir al partido de fútbol, pero no tuvimos carro.

No querer in the present tense means “to not want”. In the preterit, it means “to refuse”. No quise ir con ellos porque tuvieron perros. Mi hermano no quiso quedarse en la casa de nuestros tíos.

Saber in the present tense means “to know”. In the preterit, it means “to find out” or “to learn about”. Mi madre supo de las mentiras que dije inmediatamente. Por mi amigo supe que iba a llover esa tarde.

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