PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self- practice. They are not meant to be self- sufficient explanations of the grammar topics. For more instruction, please contact Profesora Madera directly. www.profesoramadera.com El Pretérito
14
Embed
PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD
All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-
practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient explanations of the grammar topics. For more instruction, please contact Profesora Madera
directly.
www.profesoramadera.com
El Pretérito
Uses
We use the preterit (el pretérito) to talk about actions that were completed in the past.
This tense signifies that something is over and done with and that it happened a finite number of times.
There is a lot of memorization involved in learning the preterit, so it is important to be patient with yourself and allow a lot of time for practice.
www.profesoramadera.com
Forms
Here are the endings to conjugate regular verbs in the preterit:
Subject -ar -er/-ir
yo -é -í
tú -aste -iste
él/ella/Ud. -ó -ió
nosotros/as -amos -imos
vosotros/as -asteis -isteis
ellos/ellas/Uds.
-aron -ieron
yo + bailar = bailé
www.profesoramadera.com
Examples of regular preterit conjugations
No bebí leche anoche.Hernando habló de su hermano ayer.Escribimos cartas a nuestras madres la
semana pasada.Ellos compraron muchos libros en la librería.Hablamos con nuestros abuelos durante las
vacaciones de diciembre.Yo comí y mis padres comieron muchos tacos
y burritos ayer.
www.profesoramadera.com
-car, -gar, -zar rule and the “y” rule
With verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar, we need to make some changes when we conjugate them in the “yo” form. With –car ending verbs, we change the “c” to “qu”.
With –gar ending verbs, we change the “g” to “gu”. Jugar = jugué, jugaste, jugó, jugamos, jugasteis, jugaron
With –zar ending verbs, we change the “z” to “c”. Comenzar = comencé, comenzaste, comenzó, comenzamos,
comenzasteis, comenzaronWith verbs that end in “–eer” and with the verb
“oír” we change the “i” to a “y” when we conjugate the él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds. forms. Leer = leí, leíste, leyó, leímos, leísteis, leyeron Oír = oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oísteis, oyeron Creer – creí, creíste, creyó, creímos, creísteis, creyeron
www.profesoramadera.com
Examples of the –car, -gar, -zar rule
Ayer, abracé a mi novio.La semana pasada, expliqué mi tarea de
cálculo a mi madre.Toqué la guitarra el sábado por la noche.Empecé la escuela con una mochila nueva.Pagué la renta hoy.Llegué a tiempo para tomar la prueba.
www.profesoramadera.com
More examples
La clase de español comenzó a las 5:30pm.Los estudiantes oyeron la lección de la
profesora.Ayer estudié para la clase de hoy.Mis amigos y yo jugamos béisbol el domingo
These three have a “u” in the stem.• Julia pudo terminar la tarea.• Los chicos pusieron todo en orden.• Yo supe la respuesta en el examen.
These two have an “i” in the stem (like “hacer”).• Ayer no vine a clase.• Tú quisiste mucho a tu ex-novia.
“Andar” works just like “estar” and “tener”• Anduve por el parque ayer.
Haber huboHaber hubo
www.profesoramadera.com
Stem Changing –ir Verbs
Stem changing –ar and –er verbs in the present tense are not stem changing verbs in the preterit.
However, stem changing –ir verbs in the present are stem changing verbs in the preterit too.
Only the él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds. forms undergo these changes.
www.profesoramadera.com
Rules to remember how [-ir] verbs stem change
The stem change is in two places only. 3rd person singular (él, ella, Ud) 3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, Uds)
If it stem changed to two letters in the present, you only honor the first one. [e -> ie] in present is [e -> i] in the preterit [o -> ue] in present is [o -> u] in the preterit
If it stem changed to one letter in the present, you stem change to that same letter. [e -> i] in present is [e -> i] in the preterit.
www.profesoramadera.com
Stem Changing –ir Verbs Contd.
Here are the two stem changes for –ir verbs in the preterit: Change e i (preferir, divertirse, sentirse, sugerir, pedir,
Morir = morí, moriste, murió, morimos, moristeis, murieron
www.profesoramadera.com
Special Meanings in the Preterit
Conocer in the present means “to know” or “to meet”. In the preterit, it only means “to meet”. Conocí a mi novio en una fiesta el año pasado. Mis padres se conocieron en FSU.
Poder in the present means “to be able to”. In the preterit, it means “to manage”. (Implies that you physically tried) Pude sacar el vaso de la caja. Tú pudiste hablar alemán en Alemania, pero tu alemán no fue
muy bueno.No poder in the present means “to be unable”. In the
preterit, it means “to fail after trying to do something”. (Implies that you physically tried) No pude correr dos millas sin parar. No pudimos sacar una A en el examen de la profesora Fuentes.
www.profesoramadera.com
Special Meanings in the Preterit
Querer in the present tense means “to want”. In the preterit, it means “to try”. (Again, physically) Ellos quisieron entrar a la universidad, pero no fue posible. Quisimos ir al partido de fútbol, pero no tuvimos carro.
No querer in the present tense means “to not want”. In the preterit, it means “to refuse”. No quise ir con ellos porque tuvieron perros. Mi hermano no quiso quedarse en la casa de nuestros tíos.
Saber in the present tense means “to know”. In the preterit, it means “to find out” or “to learn about”. Mi madre supo de las mentiras que dije inmediatamente. Por mi amigo supe que iba a llover esa tarde.