MODULE 4: MATTER AND MATERIALS Properties of Materials
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MODULE 4: MATTER AND MATERIALS
Properties of Materials
Metals, Metaloids and Non-metalsNon-metalsMetalsMetaloids
Metals, Metaloids and Non-metalsMetals and Non-metalsMetals Non-metals
Metallic glow Dull, bright coloursGood conductors Weak conductors
Opaque Can be transparentChange shape easily Brittle
Mostly solids Solids, liquids or gasses
High melting and boiling points
Low to moderate melting and boiling
points.
MetalsMetals, Metaloids and Non-metals
Non-metalsMetals, Metaloids and Non-metals
Metaloïds Also called semi-metals Has some properties of metals and
some of non-metals Shiny or dull appearance Conducts electricity and heat, but not
as good as metals Electrical conductivity increases if
temperature increases
Metals, Metaloids and Non-metals
MetalloïdsMetals, Metaloids and Non-metals
Electrical ConductivityConductors
Good conductors of electricity All metals and carbon
(graphite) Electrical conductivity
decreases if temperature increase
Test: • Connect a piece of metal in
circuit as shown in picture• Light bulb glows - Conductor
1) Which metal has the highest electrical conductivity?Silver
2) Why then is copper used in most electrical applieances?Cheaper
Electrical ConductivityConductors
Insulators Weak conductors of electricity Non-metals example:• Plastic and Rubber
Electrical Conductivity
Conducts electricity, but not as good as metals
Metalois Electrical conductivity
increase if tempe- rature increases
Uses:• LED’s• Electronic appliances
Semi conductorsElectrical Conductivity
Thermal ConductivityThermal conductors
Thermal conductivity• Flow of heat energy from
one point to another Thermal conductors• Substances that conducts
heat well• Metals
Uses• Heaters, kettle, stoves
Thermal Insulators• Substances that are poor
conductors of heat• Non-metals
Examples• Glass, Plastic, Air
Uses• Insulation in homes,
thermal flasks, cooler bags
Thermal ConductivityThermal Insulators
Substances that are strongly attracted by magnets
Iron, Nickel en Cobalt Magnetic alloys• Ceramics: iron and metal oxides• Alnico: Alluminium, nickel and cobalt• Steel: Iron and carbon
Uses:• Compasses, cards, speakers
Magnetic and Non-magnetic materials
Ferromagnetic Materials
Magnetic and Non-magnetic materials
Ferromagnetic Materials
Soft Magnets Harde Magnets
Is easily magnetised
Forms temporary magnets
Difficult to magnetise
Forms permanent magnets
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