Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter

Properties of MatterBackground for Glass Analysis

Quiz Monday 10/03What is Matter?Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass: the number of particles in something, how much there is of an objectSpace: scientific word for space is volume, which describes the size of a substance.Both of these variables can be observed and measured

Measuring MassWe can measure mass using a triple beam balance or digital scale.Mass is measured in grams (SI Unit)Measuring VolumeWe can measure volume using a ruler or a graduated cylinderVolume can be measure in two ways:Volume of a regular solid (cube): L x W x Hunit: cm3

Measuring VolumeVolume of a irregular solid (rock):

DensityDensity is defined as mass per unit of volumeThe formula for density is

density = mass volumeDensitySink or Float??If the density of the object is greater than that of the fluid, the object will sink.

If the density of the object is equal to that of the fluid, the object will neither sink or float (suspended)

If the density of the object is less than that of the fluid, the object will float.

States of Matter

SOL ID

LIQUID

GAS

Plasma least common form on Earth - - but most common in the universe

radiation from the sun, light from a fluorescent light, starsPhase changes

What state of matter is Glass?Amorphous solidGreek amorphos, from a- (without) + morph (form)

Non-crystalline solidCan change shape with heatingHeating at a range of temperatures- not a set temperature like a crystalline solid

Crystalline vs Noncrystalline

Behaves more like liquids with high viscositiesEX: honey, syrup, & gels

Glass

Glass flow only appears to be thicker on bottom from older glass because glass was hand blown and flattened therefore not perfectly shaped thickness. Nowadays with machines tooling the glass, they are more uniform in thickness.13

1. Physical Property: any property of an object that can be observed without changing its composition (without changing what the object or substance is made up of)

EX: weight, volume, color, boiling or melting point, viscosity, brittleness, buoyancy, phase changesMatter is Classified into 2 groups

Importance of Physical PropertiesFor the forensic scientist, the need to find and measure those properties that will associate one glass fragment with another--also minimizing or eliminating other sources.

To compare glass fragments, a forensic scientist evaluates two important physical properties: density and refractive index. Properties of Matter:Chemical PropertiesChemical Property: a characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical changeFlammableReaction to lightReaction to sound

Chemical ChangesChemical Change: a change of one substance to another, an unexpected changeBurning, fizzing, or popping (fireworks exploding) are helpful indicators that a new substance is produced.

Routine drug tests for cocaine or heroine- fast test before sending to lab for detailed analysis

Uses a chemical reagent called Marquis reagent.

Chemical reaction occurs turning the unknown sample various colors detecting the type of drug

Crime Lab Uses

Can test for ecstasy, meth, aspirin, codeine, LSD, morphine

Ancient Greek philosophers suggested that earth, air, water, and fire as matters fundamental building blocks

Nature of Matter

Basic Chemistry TermsAtom = basic unit of matter

SubstancesElements: Substance in which all atoms in a sample are alike

Compounds: substance made of two or more atoms (two or more elements)

Water:Hydrogen and Oxygen

Salt: Sodium and ChlorineCompounds

Molecules

What is glass made of?Silica(SiO2) is a common fundamental constituent of glass.Element or compound?FUN FACT: In nature, vitrification of quartz occurs when lightning strikes sand, forming hollow, branching root like structures called fulgurites.

Transfer of a substance into glass

Element Song