Properties of Matter

Mr. Monson’s Science Class

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

All matter takes up space

Amount of space taken up is the object’s Volume

Liters (L) & milliliters (mL) are the units used most to express liquid volume

Liquid from a raindrop to an entire ocean can be expressed in these units

Graduated Cylinder is used to measure liquid volume

Surface of any liquid is curved

Curved surface is called MENISCUS

To measure volume of most liquids including water . . .

Use the bottom of the meniscus

Meniscus in larger containers look flat – harder to see

Volume of regularly shaped object is always expressed in cubic units

Cubic means: having 3 dimensions

In Science they measure in:

cubic meters (m3) or cubic centimeters

(cm3)

Which unit would you measure large objects?

To find the volume of a cube or rectangle use the following formula:

Volume = length X width X height V = l X w x h

Formula for a cube won’t find accurate volume for irregular shaped objects

Can measure the volume by using water displacement for measurement

*** Remember 1 cm3 = 1mL ***

Express the displacement of the solid in cm3 only

Solids are never, ever never expressed in LL or mL

• example: the rock displaced 80 mL of water so its volume is 80 cm3

Mass – the amount of matter in an object• Example:

Human and a peanut

Both made of matter

But the human is larger and therefore has more mass

Mass is the same no matter where in the universe you are

Only way to change the mass is to change the amount of matter making up an object

The ability of an object to resist change in motion.

Which of the two Below has more inertia?

The more mass an object has the harder it is to change motion.

Which of the two would be harder to move?

Can be observed/measured without having to change the matters identity.

Physical Properties help identify Matter?• How can you tell if you socks are clean?• How can you tell the difference between an

apple and an orange?• How can you tell if the stove is on?

Relationship between Mass and Volume• Volume= matter in a given space

Something will be more Dense if it has more Volume in a given Space

• Which of the two is more dense?

Density Affects Liquids.• If two liquids are put in the same glass. The

Denser Liquid will go to the bottom and the less dense liquid will settle on top.

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Density (D) is equal to an objects Mass (M)g divided by its Volume (V) cm3

• D=M /V

• So if an Objects Mass is 8g and its Volume is 2 cm3

D=8g/2 cm3

So D=4 g/cm3

Now you try one an objects Mass is 12 g and its Volume is 3 cm3. What is its Density?

Each substance has a different Density.

Substance

Density

Silver 7.13 g/cm3

Water 1 g/cm3

Lead 11.35 g/cm3

Change affects physical Properties but does not change the substance itself

Describe Matter on its ability to change into new matter. Two common Chemical Properties are:• Flammability=Ability of Substance to Burn• Reactivity = ability of two or more substances

to combine and form new substances

Properties, either Physical or Chemical, that Never Change. Examples:

When one or more substances are changed into something new

Chemical properties of a substance foreshadow when a change will occur.

Change in Odor Fizzing or Foaming Sound or light being giving off Production of Heat

It is very difficult to reverse a Chemical Change

• Has to be done by a series of Chemical Changes.

If it has been a Chemical Change the composition of the substance will have changed.

Physical Changes are easier to reverse because there was no change in composition

Chemical Changes are harder to reverse because of changes in composition.

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