PROPERTIES OF MATTER Properties of Matter 8 th Grade Science
Jan 03, 2016
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Properties of Matter8th Grade Science
Types of PropertiesPhysical: properties that
can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter
Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)
Biological: properties of that distinguish living from nonliving matter (growing, moving, reproduce, breathing, responding)
Physical Change
• A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.
• Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving
• Physical changes are easy to undo.
Chemical Change
• A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties.
• You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur!
• Examples of chem. changes:baking a cakerusting
Important TemperaturesMelting Point: The temperature when a solid
becomes a liquid.Boiling Point: The temperature when a liquid
becomes a gas.Freezing Point: The temperature when a liquid
becomes a solid.Condensation Point: The temperature when a gas
becomes a liquid.
Brittleness
Definition:
• The ability to break or shatter easily
Example:
ClarityDefinition:
• The ability for light to pass through matter
• Transparent: all light passes through• Translucent: some light passes through • Opaque: no light passes through
Color - way an object reflects or emits light
Density
Definition:• Degree of
Compactness
• Mass per unit volume
Example:
• D=M/V • g/l, g/ml, or
g/cm3 • Lead is used for
fishing weights because it is more dense than water
Ductility
Definition:
• The ability to be drawn into thin wires
Example:
• Copper is used to make wires
Form
Definition:
• The structure in the matter
• Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline
• Irregular – no pattern
Hardness
Definition:
• The ability to resist scratching
The Mohs Hardness Scale:
1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 orthoclase 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond
Luster
Definition:
• The ability to reflect light
• Shiny: more reflection
• Dull: less reflection
Magnetism - ability to attract
Malleability
Definition:
• The ability to be pounded into thin sheets
Example:
• Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil
Mass
Definition:
• The amount of matter
Example:
• Triple beam balance to measure
• Measured in gram units
Odor
Definition:
• The smell or non smell of matter
• Odorless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, sweet
Solubility
Definition:
• The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance
Example:
• Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee
State
Definition:
• The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma
• Ice = Solid• Water = Liquid• Helium = Gas• Lightning = Plasma
Texture
Definition:
• Describing the surface of the matter
Examples of textures:
• Rough -• Smooth -• Sharp -• Soft -• Hard -• Bumpy -
Thermal Conductivity
Definition:
• The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else
Example:
• Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands
Electrical Conductivity
Definition:
• The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow)
Example:
• Metals and non metals
• Conductors – good conductivity
• Insulators – no conductivity
Viscosity
Definition:
• The ability for matter to flow
Example:
• Viscous and non- viscous
• Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)
Volume
Definition:
• how much space matter takes up
Example:
• Irregular objects: Water displacement
• Regular objects use measurement
• Liters or m3
• 1ml = 1cm3