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Pronoun defned
The term comes from the Latin pro and
nomen meaning for a name.
Pronouns are words that take the place of
nouns.
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The meanings they have depend on the nouns they
replace, called the antecedent, from the Latin
word, "to go efore."
!ntecedent may either e epressed or
understood.
! pronoun must agree with its antecedent in
person, numer, and gender.
#ample$
"%hen giving treats to friends or children, give
themwhat theylike, emphatically not what is good
forthem."
&'.(. )hesterton*
+ts case depends upon its use in the
sentence. The case is determined in a sentence inthe same way the case of a noun is determined.
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A. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Personal pronouns are so called, not only
ecause these words always refer to persons, ut
also ecause, according to traditional grammar,
they can e divided into three persons$
irst person, referring to the speaker, or the group
to which the speaker elongs
5econd person, referring to the personal or persons
eing addressed
Third person, referring to all other persons or
things.
1. Subjective and Objective Pronouns
Subject
Object 5ingular
Plural
irst person +
%e
5econd person 6ou6ou
Third person 3e, she, it
They
5ingular
Plural
7e
us
6ou6ou
3im, her, it
Them
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Subjective pronoun9indicates that the pronoun
is acting as a su:ect.
a.Ican spend more time with my 2ad..eare usually enticed y a good;paying :o.c.!oucan make your own happiness.d."ewants to e a pilot.e.#$e%are ideal friends.f. The ship was very ig.It was very ama !$ him*
&2irect o:ect*
The direct o:ect of a ver is the thing eingacted upon y the ver. +n other words, the
direct objectis the receiver of the action. The
direct o:ect can e found y locating the ver
and asking "what>" or "whom>
.+ would like to e a pilot so that + could visit
%oumore often. &direct o:ect*c.Tim idoli
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The noun or pronoun after a prepositionis
known as the object o a preposition.e.%e will sail alongside $er. &o:ect of
preposition*f. 5he sits with &e. &o:ect of preposition*g.(arl wants to see %ou.
Re&inder$ the in-nitive form of the ver is
the present form with to in front of it$
#. to go, to seem, to run, etc.
h.5ue wants to call $er.i. The police want to investigate t$e&.:. (enny picked $i&up. &@:ect of a compound
ver*
'. Possessives
Possessive Adjective
Possessive Pronoun (%
&ine
Our
ours !our
%ours
#$eir
t$eirs
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http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/prepositions.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/prepositions.htm8/9/2019 Pronoun Defined
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"is
$is
"er
$ers Its
Possessives 9 show that someone owns
something. They can perform as possessive
ad:ectives or possessive pronouns.
Possessive !d:ectives !re a Type of Pronoun
! pronounis a word that replaces a noun.
!s possessive ad:ectives replace nouns, they are
classi-ed as pronouns. or this reason, they are
also called possessive pronouns. Thetermpossessive pronouncovers all the pronouns
that demonstrate ownership.
%e use possessive ad:ectives to show who
owns or "possesses" something. %hen my,
your, his, her, its, our, their, whose &interrogative*
precedes a noun to show possession, it ecomesan ad:ective.
Possessive adjectivesare always placed in
front ofthe noun they modify.
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http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/pronouns.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/possessive_pronouns.htmhttp://esl.about.com/od/intermediate-confusing-words/a/In-Front-Of-Opposite.htmhttp://esl.about.com/od/intermediate-confusing-words/a/In-Front-Of-Opposite.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/pronouns.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/possessive_pronouns.htmhttp://esl.about.com/od/intermediate-confusing-words/a/In-Front-Of-Opposite.htmhttp://esl.about.com/od/intermediate-confusing-words/a/In-Front-Of-Opposite.htm8/9/2019 Pronoun Defined
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3ere is a list of possessive ad:ectives
+ ; my dog
6ou ; your cat
3e ; his ook
5he ; her car
+t ; its color &C@T itDsE*
%e ; our dog
6ou ; your house
They ; their farm
#amples$
ThatDs my dog in the picture.
2oes your cat like tuna>
3e left his ook in the car.
ThatDs her car over there.
+ts color is purpleE@ur dog is like a memer of the family.
6our house isnDt far, is it>
Their farm produces pumpkins.
3er name is 7ary.
We have sold ourhouse.
The students thanked their teacher.
Tom is a dog lover. 3e takes his dog 5pike
everywhereE
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Possessive pronounstake the place of the
possessive determiner and noun. 3ence, a noun
does not follow possessive pronouns.
3ere is a list of possessive pronouns.
+ ; mine
6ou ; yours
3e ; his
5he ; hers
%e ; ours
6ou ; yours
They ; theirs
+s this your car> ; Co, that one over there is
mine.
%hose lunch is this> ; +tDs yours.
%hose house is it> ; +tDs his.
2o you know who this elongs to> ; +tDshers.
This isnDt her car. +tDs ours.
%hose picture is this> ; +tDs yours.
%ho do those ooks elong to> ; TheyDre
theirs.
6es, this house is mine.
The money was really theirs for the taking.
%hatDs mine is yours, my friend.
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). RE*LE+I,E PRONOUNS/e0eive pronouns are formed y adding 9
self or 9selves to certain forms of the
personal pronouns such as$7yself oneself
6ourself ourselves3imself yourselves3erself themselves
Re-eive pronouns $ave t/o &ajor uses01. !s the o:ect of a ver when that o:ect is
the same as the nearest preceding su:ect.
They lamed themselves for the accident.&direct o:ect*The candidate praised himself too much.
&direct o:ect*
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5he gave herself a Ialentine gift. &+ndirect
o:ect*
. !s an intensi-er$ +n this usage the re0eivepronoun may come net to the su:ect, or it
may follow the predicate.The doctor himself answered the call.The doctor answered the call himself.
! re0eive pronoun must re0ect the
antecedent./e0eive from Latin means end ack, thus
re0eive pronoun must end ack$ to refer to
its antecedent.+n addition, re0eive pronouns have some
idiomatic meaning. y J self means without
help or alone.
People spite only themselves when they refuseto e friendly.Kohnny took those color slides himself.
They cannot help themselves.
)arol poured herself a glass of milk.
6ou should uy yourself a new computer.
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. 2E(ONS#RA#I,E PRONOUNS
2emonstrative pronouns point to the nouns
they are replacing. They are this and that, and their
plural forms are these, that those, respectively.
#amples$ This eamination is dicult.
That remark is awful.
Those oys are oisterous.
Those peasants are very courteous.
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2. IN2E*INI#E PRONOUNS
+nde-nite Pronouns refer to unspeci-edpersons, things, or groups. They cannot e
ordinarily e preceded y noun determiners.
5ome common inde-nite pronouns are$!ll many one another7ore other oth most#ach much some either
Ceither such few
#ample$ew will e selectedM fewer will -nish.Little is epected.Cothing is impossile if noody gives up.
)ompounds of any, every, no, and some
with body,-one, and 9thingform another group of
inde-nite pronouns.!nyody anyone anything
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#veryody everyone everythingCoody no one nothing5omeody someone something
+nde-nite pronouns are grammatically
singular, ut those referring to people are often
felt to e plural and are conseNuently replaced
y theyin speech of many people, as in these
eamples$5ince everyonewas )hinese, and none of
themcould speak #nglish, theyneeded atranslator.
+ know someonecan teach you how to speak
#nglish.2o you know anyonein this village who can
speak #nglish>Everybodytried to surprise me, ut + knewtheywere there hiding in the dark.
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E. IN#ERRO3A#I,E PRONOUNSThe interrogative pronouns corresponding
to persons and things are who, which, andwhat. !s o:ect of a ver or preposition whomalternates withwho. Whatis invariale.
Whatis on your mind>What are you doing>What is making that noise>Whois she>
Whoinvited you>Whomdid you invite>Whichdo you prefer>Whichis yours>
%hen a preposition immediately precedes, the
form whom is used.To whomshould + report>
The girl of whom you spoke is here.
The possessive of whois whose. What has no
possessive.Whose7ercede< en< is this>Whosesuggestion was it>
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Whichis generally used with more speci-c
reference than what.
Whichdo you like the est>Whichdid you follow>
*.RELA#I,E PRONOUNS/elative pronouns are used to connect the
relative clause to the main clause. They also
act as stand;in for the noun or for the
antecedent in the main clause.Re4ative pronouns $ave t/o unctions0
They take the place of noun ut they also
connect those replaced nouns to suordinate
clauses.! suordinate clause is a group of words
containing a su:ect and a predicate, ut is not
a complete sentence. These are two kinds$
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The simple relative &which, who, whom* and
the compound relative (whatever, whichever,
whomever, whosever*.
#amples$The girl whogreeted me is my niece.The man whostole your money was
caught y the police.
The ook that you gave me is very
interesting.+ donOt know the time when the ship will
dock.2o you know the reason why she is
sulking>+ see whatyou are printing.
+ know the place wherehe is staying.2aodil, the student who orrowed the
ook is my niece.
+ know whatever you want the readingcenter to look like.
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3. REIPROAL PRONOUNS
/eciprocal pronouns indicate a mutual orgive;and;take relationship etween or among
people. There are only two types of pronouns
namely, each other for two, and one another
for three or more participants.
#amples$
2an;dan and 2a help each other inorrowing ooks.
!ll villagers cooperate with one another to
improve their reading center.
They shared each othersideas.
The photographers often use one anothers
eNuipment.
The children oered each othershelp.
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The oys read one anothersstory.
". IN#ENSI,E PRONOUNSThe +ntensive pronouns$ myself, yourself,
herself, ourselves, themselves, consist of a
personal pronoun plus self or selves and
emphasi
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Re-eive Intensive
2id you hurtyourself> 6ou yourself
volunteered to teach.
That is what + want + myself chose to
e afor myself. seaman.
They elieve in They themselves werethemselves. shocked.
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