page 1 Promoting R290 Air-Conditioners Philipp Denzinger GIZ, Proklima MOP Side Event, 11 th October 2016
page 1
Promoting R290 Air-Conditioners Philipp Denzinger
GIZ, ProklimaMOP Side Event, 11th October 2016
page 212.10.2016
Benefits: • Almost zero emissions (R290 has a GWP of 3) • Higher cooling capacity and coefficient of performance than
conventional refrigerants (energy saving benefits)• Low incremental costs and costs of refrigerants • Availability - R290 can be produced locallyChallenges: • Flammability• Restricted standards and building codes (charge sizes)• Capacities of technicians and certification schemes • Lack of supply chains and aftersales service (spare parts)
Benefits and Challenges of R290 AC
page 3
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
R2
2
R4
10
A
R4
07
C
R3
2
R1
52
a
RE1
70
R2
90
R6
00
R6
00
a
R1
23
4yf
R1
23
4ze
R1
27
0
R4
30
A
R4
40
A
R4
44
A
R4
44
B
R4
45
A
R4
46
A
R4
47
A
R4
47
B
R4
50
A
R4
51
A
R4
51
B
R4
52
B
R4
54
A
R4
54
B
R4
54
C
R4
55
A
R4
56
A
R4
57
A
R5
12
A
R5
13
A
R5
13
B
R5
15
A
Incr
em
en
tal c
ost
[Eu
r.]
Effi
cien
cy (
rate
d C
OP
) [-
]
COP Incremental cost
On-going evaluation of various alternatives� Assessment of all new/proposed low- and medium GWP alternatives � Out of all of them, hydro carbons offer the highest Coefficient of
Performance (COP) for least incremental cost
Reference: Colbourne 2016
page 4
On-going evaluation of various alternatives� Assessment of all new/proposed low- and medium GWP alternatives� Also hydrocarbons have lowest Total Environmental Warming Impact
(TEWI) of all alternatives� HFCs/u-HFCs with close TEWI also have very high incremental costs
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
R22
R410
A
R407
C
R32
R152
a
RE17
0
R290
R600
R600
a
R123
4yf
R123
4ze
R127
0
R430
A
R440
A
R444
A
R444
B
R445
A
R446
A
R447
A
R447
B
R450
A
R451
A
R451
B
R452
B
R454
A
R454
B
R454
C
R455
A
R456
A
R457
A
R512
A
R513
A
R513
B
R515
A
TEW
I [tC
O2-
eq]
refrigerant energy
Reference: Colbourne 2016
page 5
0
5
10
15
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Pre
ssu
re [
ba
r,g
]
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
[%
LF
L]
Time [s]
Conc (% LFL)
p_evap
p_cond
Leak
start
Compr
off
Close
SOSV
Safety valves closed by gas detection
in IDU (SP = 18% LFL) within 12 s, 120
g released, Cmax <15% LFL
E.g., AC on, 900 g R290, 2.5 mm hole (=
180 g/min), airflow 0.31 m3/s, 12 m2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
system off system on sys on;
check
temp; shut
valve
sys off;
shut valve
sys on; gas
detector;
shut valve
Re
frig
era
nt
cha
rge
[g
]
leaked not leaked
0
5
10
15
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Pre
ssu
re [
ba
r,g
]
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
[%
LF
L]
Time [s]
Conc (% LFL)
p_evap
p_cond
Leak
start
Compr
off
Close
SOSV
Safety valves closed by gas detection
in IDU (SP = 18% LFL) within 12 s, 120
g released, Cmax <15% LFL
E.g., AC on, 900 g R290, 2.5 mm hole (=
180 g/min), airflow 0.31 m3/s, 12 m2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
system off system on sys on;
check
temp; shut
valve
sys off;
shut valve
sys on; gas
detector;
shut valve
Re
frig
era
nt
cha
rge
[g
]
leaked not leaked
Actively involved with safety analysis � Helping to evolve technical understanding, to help moving on from archaic and obstructive requirements
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
15:50:24 15:53:17 15:56:10 15:59:02 16:01:55 16:04:48 16:07:41
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
[kg
/m3
]
#1: 1m in front, 1m high
#3: beneth unit, floor
#4: 0.5m in front, floor
#5: 1m in front, floor
#6: 1.5m in front, floor
#7: 1.5m to right, floor
#8: far corner, floor
Test no. 40
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
15:15:50 15:17:17 15:18:43 15:20:10 15:21:36 15:23:02
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
[kg
/m3
]
#1: 1m in front, 1m high
#3: beneth unit, floor
#4: 0.5m in front, floor
#5: 1m in front, floor
#6: 1.5m in front, floor
#7: 1.5m to right, floor
#8: far corner, floor
Test no. 39
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6
Relea
se ra
te [g
/min
]
Time [mins]
When a leak happens, it either� Grows larger over time (from nothing)
� Occurs instantaneously and pressure decays over time
Decaying leak always results in lower concentration
0
5
10
15
20
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Pre
ssu
re [
ba
r,g
]
Time [s]
p_evap
p_cond
Leak start
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
15:50:24 15:53:17 15:56:10 15:59:02 16:01:55 16:04:48 16:07:41
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
[kg
/m3
]
#1: 1m in front, 1m high
#3: beneth unit, floor
#4: 0.5m in front, floor
#5: 1m in front, floor
#6: 1.5m in front, floor
#7: 1.5m to right, floor
#8: far corner, floor
Test no. 40
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
15:15:50 15:17:17 15:18:43 15:20:10 15:21:36 15:23:02
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
[kg
/m3
]
#1: 1m in front, 1m high
#3: beneth unit, floor
#4: 0.5m in front, floor
#5: 1m in front, floor
#6: 1.5m in front, floor
#7: 1.5m to right, floor
#8: far corner, floor
Test no. 39
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6
Relea
se ra
te [g
/min
]
Time [mins]
When a leak happens, it either� Grows larger over time (from nothing)
� Occurs instantaneously and pressure decays over time
Decaying leak always results in lower concentration
0
5
10
15
20
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Pre
ssu
re [
ba
r,g
]
Time [s]
p_evap
p_cond
Leak start
page 6
IEC 60335-2-40 Edition 5.0 2013-12
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safet y – Part 2-40: Particular requirements for electrical h eat pumps, air-conditioners and dehumidifiers
®
colourinside
IEC 60335-2-40 Edition 5.0 2013-12
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safet y – Part 2-40: Particular requirements for electrical h eat pumps, air-conditioners and dehumidifiers
®
colourinside
IEC TC 61
IEC SC 61C
IEC SC 61D
WG9 WG16
International Electrotechnical(standard) Committees (IEC) and Working Groups
Support more flexible charge size limits and safety requirements to improve level of safety and enable more flexible design and application of HC ACs
page 7
Promotion of R290 AC by PROKLIMA
Introduced R290 AC to the following countries so far: • India, conversion of Godrej production line (200.000 units sold)• China, conversion of GREE production line• Colombia• Ghana • Kenya• Mauritius• Namibia• Seychelles
Introduction will follow in these countries: • Mexico• Indonesia • Thailand• Grenada, etc.
page 8
Example 1: Promoting R290 ACs in Ghana
� Under Green Cooling Initiative (BMUB funded)
� Trained technicians on natural refrigerants at Cool Training, Germany
� Imported two ACs and tools for vocational training centers and trained 25 technicians and ToT in Ghana
� Developed training curricula and introducing certification schemes
� Installed further 30 units for demonstration purposes and monitoring (performance, energy, emissions)
� Developing an incentive/market driven upscaling strategy
� Installation and monitoring of approx. additional 200 ACs
� Adjust national regulatory framework (e.g. standards)
page 9
Summary of Proklima R290 AC Approach
Step 1: Increase technical capacities of technicians (e.g. Cool Training)
Step 2: Import ACs and tools for vocational training centres, adjust curricula, introduce certification schemes
Step 3: Training of trainers (ToT) and technicians of AC companies
Step 4: Installation of ACs in controlled environment (demonstration project) by trained/certified technicians and monitoring of performance, energy, emissions
Step 5: Set up supply structures and incentive upscaling schemes
Step 6: Adjust national regulatory framework (standards) and policy (incentive schemes)
Step 7: Promote market driven upscaling. Only certified technicians are allowed to install and maintain R290 ACs
page 10
Supply and Demand Challenge
• Mutual influence between market supply and demand• No demand = no supply!• No supply = no demand!• Increasing demand with growing market penetration• Decreasing unit costs with increasing demand (economies of scale)
page 11
Thank you!
Questions? Contact:
GIZ Proklima International
www.giz.de/proklima
www.green-cooling-initative.org
Companies, Organisations, and Government Institutions aiming at a reduction of emissions from the cooling sectors. Become a member!