Promoting Innovation and Industrial Competitiveness through Nanotechnology Lloyd Whitman Deputy Director APEC 2011, March 10, 2011
Promoting Innovation and Industrial Competitiveness through Nanotechnology
Lloyd WhitmanDeputy Director
APEC 2011, March 10, 2011
In the Minds of the USA Founding FathersIn the Minds of the USA Founding Fathers
“Uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States is an object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to.””
George Washington, State of the Union Address, 1790
From the U. S. Constitution
National Bureau of Standards established by Congress in 1901Became the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1988
Mission: To promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technologyin ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.
Mission: To promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing nanoscale measurement science, standards, and nanotechnology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.
NIST At A GlanceNIST At A GlanceMajor Assets2,800 employees2,600 associates and facilities users1,600 field staff in partner organizations400 NIST staff serving on 1,000 national &
international standards committees
Major ProgramsNIST Laboratories and User FacilitiesBaldrige Performance Excellence ProgramManufacturing Extension PartnershipTechnology Innovation Program
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www.nist.gov
NIST October 2010 RealignmentNIST October 2010 RealignmentResearch consolidated in four Laboratories and two User Facilities
www.nist.govMetrology Laboratories Technology Laboratories User Facilities
NIST Director
Material Measurement
Laboratory
Physical Measurement
Laboratory
Engineering Laboratory
Center for Center for Nanoscale Nanoscale
Science and Science and TechnologyTechnology
NIST Center for Neutron
Research
Information Technology Laboratory
Associate Director for Innovation and Industry Services
Associate Director for Laboratory Programs (and Principal Deputy)
Associate Director forManagement Resources
NIST Overview
NIST 2010 BudgetNIST 2010 BudgetTotal Resources = $1027.3M
Appropriations = $856.6M
*Includes $10.5M congressionally-directed projects**Includes $47M congressionally-directed projects and
$20M for construction grants
$515MScientific & Technical Research & Services*
$147MConstruction
of Research Facilities**
$195MIndustrial
Technology
Services
$122MOther Fed.AgencyRes.
$50MOther
$91.6M Nanotech.
$22.8M
$22.4MFundamental Phenomena &
Processes
$22.5MNanoscale Devices &
Systems
$19.1MInstrument Research, Metrology, & Stand.’s
$27.2MNano-
manufacturing
$11.2MMajor Research
Facilities & Instr.
Acquisition
$8.4MNanomaterials
$3.6MEnvironmental Health & Safety
Nanotechnology = $114.4M(by “Program Component Area”)
NIST Nanotechnology StrategyNIST Nanotechnology StrategyPerform NIST’s traditional roles
Discipline oriented laboratory researchWorkshops to identify industry needsStandards setting (physical & documentary)Calibrations
Form public-private partnershipsNanoelectronics Research InitiativeCollege of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, NYOperate a multidisciplinary user facility, including a shared resource for nanofab.
Support nanotechnology through research & construction grantsCoordinate and collaborate with industry stakeholders, other US federal Agencies and international partners
NIST Nanotechnology WorkshopsNIST Nanotechnology WorkshopsNIST regularly holds workshops to identify industry needs
The New Steel? Enabling the Carbon Nanomaterials Revolution: Markets, Metrology, Safety, and Scale-up (2/28-3/1/11)NIST Workshop on Wires, Whiskers andWalls: Energy Applications at theNanoscale (9/10)The 4th Carbon Nanotube Workshop:Measurement & Control of Chirality (9/10)Washington Metro Region Nanotech Partnership Forum (9/10)Grand Challenges for Advanced PV Technologies & Measurements (5/10)Nano-Optics Plasmonics (4/10)Calibrations & Standards for Nanomechanical Measurements (6/09)Frontiers of Characterization & Metrology for Nanoelectronics (5/09)Global Workshop on Nanoscale Measurement Challenges for Energy Applications (4/09)NIST-ERDC Joint Workshop on Nano-Silver (4/09)
NIST Nanotechnology StandardsNIST Nanotechnology StandardsNIST develops and evaluates nanoscale reference materials and metrology standards, including:
Gold nanoparticle reference materials available(10, 30, 60 nm)Polystyrene nanoparticles (60, 100 nm)Nanoparticulate titanium dioxideNanoporous controlled-pore glass (18 nm pores)SWCNT nanotube reference materials (2011)
Powder (in raw soot), length-sorted suspension, “bucky” paper
Silver nanoparticles (under development)Ref. standards for lithography, electron microscopyReference materials and components for quantitativeAFM measurements (dimensional metrology and force)
NIST Nanotechnology LeadershipNIST Nanotechnology LeadershipNIST provides leadership and technical expertise to standards development
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)Technical Committee 229 (TC 229)—Nanotechnologies
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 113 (TC 113)—Nanotechnology standardizationfor electrical and electronic products and systems
ASTM Committee E56 on Nanotechnology
IEEE Nanotechnology Council Standards Committee
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentWorking Party on NanotechnologyWorking Party for Manufactured Nanomaterials
US National Nanotechnology Initiative Working Groups
NIST International GoalsNIST International Goals
Measurement and standards infrastructure that enables global market access for U.S. products
Global leadership in measurement science as a foundation for emerging technologies
Harmonized standards and transparent regulatory regimes
Support for US Foreign Policy Objectives
These goals all apply to NIST’s nanotechnology program.
Extramural Nanotechnology SupportExtramural Nanotechnology SupportTechnology Innovation Program
$22.8M in 2009 grants, primarily to small companies to further advances in commercial-scale processes for manufacturing nanomaterials and nanocompositesAdditional $3M nano-related award made in 2010See www.nist.gov/tip
ARRA Construction Grants Program (2009-2010)NIST awarded >$65M to seven U.S. universities to help fund
construction of nanotechnology research facilities•
U. of Michigan, Ann Arbor
•
U. of California, Los Angeles•
U. of Pittsburgh
•
U. of Maine•
U. of Maryland, College Park
•
U. of Nebraska, Lincoln•
Georgetown U.
NIST Nanotechnology ResearchNIST Nanotechnology ResearchDiscipline oriented research flows aslogical extension of responsibility formeasurement on larger scales:
Milli → micro → nano
Strong nano programs in:Characterization & metrology ▪ ElectronicsEnergy* ▪ MagneticsPhotonics & Plasmonics ▪ MechanicsMaterials and Chemistry ▪ Fabrication and Manufacturing*Environmental, Health & Safety* ▪ BiotechnologyTheory & modeling ▪ Simulation & visualization
meter → nanometer
*Program growth areas
NIST Program in Nanomaterial NIST Program in Nanomaterial Environmental, Health, and SafetyEnvironmental, Health, and Safety
NIST funding for Nano-EHS:FY2009: $3.5 MFY2010: $3.6 MFY2011: $7.6 M total request
NIST focus is on measurement methodologies and models forDetermining dynamic physico-chemical and toxicological properties of key nanomaterials in relevant media (air, water, soil, bio)Release of these nanomaterials during manufacturing processes and from products throughout full product life cycles
Expected outputs:Reference materials, reference data, documentary standards, methodologies, analytical tools, and instruments
The NIST CNST
Established in 2007 to develop nanoscalemeasurement and fabrication methodsspecifically to advance nanotechnology“from discovery to production”
Operates a national, shared resource, theNanoFab, with world-class nanoscale fabrication and measurement capabilities easily accessible to all,
including industry
Conducts multidisciplinary research to create the next generation of nanoscale measurement instruments, made available through collaboration
Serves as a hub linking the external nanotechnologycommunity to the nanotechnology-related measurement expertise at NIST ([email protected])
photo courtesy HDR Architecture, Inc./Steve Hall © Hedrich Blessing photo courtesy HDR Architecture, Inc./Steve Hall © Hedrich Blessing
The CNST in Brief
The CNST provides industry, academia, NIST, and other government agencies access to world-class nanoscale measurement and fabrication methods and technologyA User Facility with a unique, hybrid design
The NanoFab is a shared resourcewith commercial state-of-the-art toolsfor nanofabrication, open to all
Research staff advance nanotechnology bydeveloping new measurement solutions, andsupport the NanoFab with expert consultation
Budget: $23M (FY2010)
Staff: Currently 97 (87 technical)
Cooperative Agreement with the University ofMaryland Nanocenter
Contributes to all phases of the CNST mission
Like NSF‐
supported,university
nanocenters
Like DOEnanocenters
The CNST NanoFab
A national, state-of-the-art, shared resource for the fabrication and measurement of nanostructures60,000 ft2 (5600 m2) of labs and cleanroom
19,000 ft2 (1800 m2) cleanroom;8,000 ft2 (750 m2) at class 100
Over 65 tools (~$30M), including advancedlithography and microscopy
Talented staff to train users or operate the tools240+ staff-years of process development experience
Links to extensive measurement resources in the NISTLaboratories and Centers
Leverages the expensive tools needed fornanotechnology through cost sharing
Using the CNST NanoFab
The Nanofab is available for nanofabrication and nanoscale measurementPart of the CNST User FacilityBased on highly successful, fee-based NNIN Nanocenter model
Open to all, including industry, government, and academiaA simple application is all that is requiredAssociation with a NIST project or staff member is not required
Hourly rates based on operating costs; similar to those at universitiesResearchers may apply for reduced rates
If project advances CNST and NIST missions, net charges similar to university “academic”rates; CNST pays the balance from its research budget.
The NanoFab will train researchers in tool useAlternatively, work can performed by staff at additional cost
Users maintain IP rights for sole and joint inventionsFor more info, contact the NanoFab Manager, Vincent Luciani ([email protected])
Nanoscale Measurement Needs of the Future
New measurement technologies are needed to address:Post-CMOS Electronics
Extend the electronics enterpriseNanophotonics
Enhance communications, lighting, and inspection
Nano-enhanced energyOptimize the first step in conversion, storage, transport
NanomanufacturingAllow industry to capitalize on discovery
Nano-biotechnology and nano-medicineNew diagnostics and therapeutics to improve outcomes and reduce cost
Nano-EHSScience-based regulation to protect the population and reduce risk for commercial innovation
18Research
Research Expertise
Developing measurement and fabrication capabilities, with current priorities in:
Future Electronics: Nanoscale devices, architectures, interconnectsNanomanufacturing and Nanofabrication: Top-down and bottom-up fabrication and assemblyEnergy: Conversion, storage, and transport at nanostructured interfaces
Provides access to beyond state-of-the-commercial-art equipment and measurement through collaboration
Designed to be agile: priority areas will change with NIST and national nanotechnology needs
Integrated tightly with the NanoFab, providing expert consultation and beyond-state-of-the-art measurement capabilities
Complements and supports the NIST Laboratory programs
Core Measurement ExpertiseAtomic Scale Characterization and Manipulation
Fabrication & measurement of geometric &electronic structure of materials with atomic resolution using UHV cryogenic/high magnetic field STM (Joe Stroscio)
Electro-fluidic Control of NanoparticlesFeedback control-based techniques using electrically-drivenfluid flows for controlling the position, and orientation of nanoparticles (Ben Shapiro)
Environmental Transmission Electron MicroscopyDevelopment of environmental cell S/TEM, combining atomic-scale resolution with dynamic chemical analysis (Renu Sharma)
Laser-atom ManipulationLaser control of atomic motion and its application to new nanofabrication and nanoscale measurement methods (Jabez McClelland)
Modeling and Simulation of NanofabricationModeling, simulation, and analysis of the physics and metrology of both lithographic and self-assembly based nanofabrication methods (Gregg Gallatin)
NanofabricationMethods to create & characterize processes in both top-down & bottom-up nanofabrication, from high-fidelity resists, to template-driven self-assembly (J. Alexander Liddle)
Nanomagnet Dynamics Dynamic measurement methods and supporting modeling for characterization of magnetic properties and spin polarized transport in magnetic nanostructures. (Bob McMichael)
Core Measurement ExpertiseNanomagnetic Imaging (SEMPA)
Development and application of scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) for measuring magnetic structure from mm to nm length scales (John Unguris)
Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and ConversionCharacterization of charge and matter transport in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices based on novel nanomaterials and nanostructures (Alec Talin)
NanophotonicsFabrication of optical nanostructures and development of near-field probes and microphotoluminesence systems to measure light-matter interactions (Kartik Srinivasan)
Nanoplasmonics Design/fab. of plasmonic systems that confine and control light at the nanoscale for deep sub-wavelength metrology, spectroscopy, lithography, & info. processing (Henri Lezec)
Nanoscale Electronic and Ionic TransportNovel probes for characterizing light-matter interaction and charge and energy transfer at the nanoscale, and their application to electronic and ionic transport (Nikolai Zhitenev)
Fluctuations and Nanoscale ControlMeasurement techniques for characterizing and controlling fluctuations in nanoscale systems (Andrew Berglund)
Nanotribology and Nanomanufacturing Techniques to quantify nanoscale frictional energy dissipation and tailor interactions between nano-objects for nanomanufacturing devices and systems (Rachel Cannara)
Core Measurement ExpertiseOptical Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems
Integrated optical MEMS with nanoscale elements (NEMS) for novel imaging, metrology, manipulation, and assembly techniques (Vladimir Aksyuk)
Theory, Modeling, and Simulation of NanostructuresFundamental calculations that broadly elucidate the properties of nanostructures, ranging from magnetic materials and devices, to superconductors, to graphene (Mark Stiles)
Theory and Modeling of Nanomaterials for Renewable EnergyCalculations of electric, thermal, and ionic transport for materials and nanostructures used in energy-relevant applications, such as photovoltaics and thermoelectrics (Paul Haney)
Thermoelectrics and Photovoltaics Characterization of charge and phonon transport in nanostructured thermoelectrics, and the impact of defects on transport and conversion in inorganic photovoltaics (Fred Sharifi)
Nanomaterials for Solar Fuels and Artificial PhotosynthesisMethods to correlate structure and performance of nanocatalysts for solar fuels, and biotemplated approaches to artificial photosynthesis and nanofabrication (Veronika Szalai)
Vibrational Spectroscopy and Microscopy Development and application of new spectroscopic methods, including infrared imaging with nanoscale spatial resolution, for characterizing nanomaterials with infrared and Raman spectroscopy (Andrea Centrone)
Number of Research Participants Growing Rapidly
FY2010 Institutions Represented (210)Companies:
53Universities:
133Gov. Labs:
24States Represented: 38 plus DC
FY2010 Research ParticipantsResearch Participant Growth
Now over 1000 RPs.
192
396524
970
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2007 2008 2009 2010
Academia, 439
NIST, 311
Other Gov., 105
Industry, 115
Ways to Work with NIST
Informal collaborations: joint peer-reviewed papers, short-term visits to NIST laboratories, sharing of research methods
User Facilities: The Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) and the Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) are unique national facilities available for both proprietary and non-proprietary research
Guest Researcher Arrangements: Opportunities for qualified individuals to work at NIST with NIST staff on projects of mutual interest
Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs): Formal partnering agreement that allows federal laboratories to work with U.S. companies, academic institutions, and other organizations
Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program: Students majoring in science, mathematics, and engineering are invited to apply to spend a summer working at NIST
Other Agency Agreements: Measurement science in support of other agency missions
Thank you for your attention! [email protected] www.nist.gov/cnst