Prolissa: Doctoral Forum, 4 th March, 2009, Pretoria, South Africa Application of knowledge management approaches in managing and integrating indigenous.

Prolissa: Doctoral Forum , 4th March, 2009 , Pretoria, South Africa

Application of knowledge management approaches in managing and integrating indigenous and

exogenous knowledge for agricultural development in Tanzania

Edda Tandi LwogaEdda Tandi Lwoga

PhD CandidateUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal


Outline

Introduction and background information

Research problem

Research objectives

Significance and contribution of the study

Originality

Principal theories upon which the research project will be constructed

Research methodology and methods


Indigenous knowledge – local level decision making Indigenous knowledge – local level decision making

Agriculture sector Agriculture sector – – backbone of many African countries Agriculture sector Agriculture sector – – backbone of many African countries

Introduction and background informationIntroduction and background information

47.5% of GDP, 85% of exports

and employs 80% in Tanzania

47.5% of GDP, 85% of exports

and employs 80% in Tanzania

Resource-poor farming Resource-poor farming

Due to IK usageDue to IK usageDue to IK usageDue to IK usage

• 80% use IK for 80% use IK for medicinemedicine• 50% use IK for 50% use IK for crops & crops & food suppliesfood supplies

Yet, produce 20% of worlds’ food Yet, produce 20% of worlds’ food

Exogenous knowledge – strengthens IK & allows better farming results Exogenous knowledge – strengthens IK & allows better farming results


Introduction and background informationIntroduction and background information

- Established in organizations- Established in organizations

- KM can be practiced in open system - KM can be practiced in open system

- Dominated in business environment- Dominated in business environment

- How can KM and ICT manage IK like

organizational knowledge?

- How can KM and ICT manage IK like

organizational knowledge?

Knowledge management (KM) Knowledge management (KM)

ICTICT

-A tool for KM practices

-Digital divide

-Increased access to ICTs in communities

-A tool for KM practices

-Digital divide

-Increased access to ICTs in communities

- How can exogenous knowledge be linked into IKS?

Exogenous Knowledge

- Lack access to knowledge

- Uncoordinatedextension

Exogenous Knowledge




Research problem

Integration of exogenous knowledge into IKS – dawning now in South Africa Integration of exogenous knowledge into IKS – dawning now in South Africa

Need for a methodology to manage IK is well emphasized(Chambers 1994; Motteux et al. 1999:261; Ngulube 2003; Noeth 2006; Sukula 2006)

Need for a methodology to manage IK is well emphasized(Chambers 1994; Motteux et al. 1999:261; Ngulube 2003; Noeth 2006; Sukula 2006)

Exogenous Knowledge



Exogenous Knowledge




Research problem

-Dlamini, P. (2005)

- Kaniki and Mphahlele (2002)

- Kok (2005)

- Ngulube (2003)

- Noeth (2006)

Demonstrates application of KM modelsConcerns raised for ownership issues

Propositions to use KM to manage IKPropositions to use KM to manage IK

Nonaka and Takeuchi’s (1995) KM model and ICTs

Barclay and Murray’s (1997) KM modelConcerns raised for ownership issues

Nonaka and Takeuchi’s (1995) KM model

KM processes: knowledge identification, mobilization, generation and elaboration, application, and evaluation

- Little empirical research - Little empirical research


Research problem

-Mosia and Ngulube (2005)

- Siebers (2003)

- Wall (2006)

Culture and power determine knowledge creation, sharing and integration to exogenous knowledge

Empirical research on the use KM to manage IKEmpirical research on the use KM to manage IK

Fragmented knowledge sharing activitiesSuggest Communities of Practice and Storytelling

Power and culture determine knowledge creationConstant use of knowledge may prevent knowledge loss

Imperative to apply KM and ICT to manage IK and to introduce the needed exogenous knowledge in Tanzania

Imperative to apply KM and ICT to manage IK and to introduce the needed exogenous knowledge in Tanzania


Research objectives

To determine various types of agricultural IK

in the local communities

To determine various types of agricultural IK

in the local communities

To identify the agricultural knowledge needs of farmers? To identify the agricultural knowledge needs of farmers?

To establish whether IK is integrated in the farming

systems

To establish whether IK is integrated in the farming

systems

To determine the role of ICT in managing IK To determine the role of ICT in managing IK

To study the current status of managing agricultural IK To study the current status of managing agricultural IK

To find out how do farmers access agricultural

exogenous knowledge

To find out how do farmers access agricultural

exogenous knowledge

To find outthe extent to which KM principles and ICTcan be applied to manage agricultural IK in some local communities of Tanzania

To find outthe extent to which KM principles and ICTcan be applied to manage agricultural IK in some local communities of Tanzania


Research objectives

To determine the present role of exogenous knowledge in the farming systems To determine the present role of exogenous knowledge in the farming systems

To identify role of ICTs in disseminating agricultural exogenous

knowledge

To identify role of ICTs in disseminating agricultural exogenous

knowledge

To assess current approaches for integrating of agricultural exogenous knowledge and IK To assess current approaches for integrating of agricultural exogenous knowledge and IK

To determine the barriers that hinder the agricultural IK management To determine the barriers that hinder the agricultural IK management

To investigate the current policies regarding the agricultural IK management To investigate the current policies regarding the agricultural IK management

To propose a KM model and ICT tools can be used to manage agricultural IK To propose a KM model and ICT tools can be used to manage agricultural IK


Significance and originality of the study

Recommended by various Tanzanians studies

Generate empirical evidence

Recognized by policy

makers

Foundation for further studies

Study

Significance

Originality

- Inadequate IK management studies in Tanzania because most studies focus on role of IK for agricultural development

- Qualitative methods provide better understanding of complex situation - Various KM models to provide theoretical guidance

Originality

- Inadequate IK management studies in Tanzania because most studies focus on role of IK for agricultural development

- Qualitative methods provide better understanding of complex situation - Various KM models to provide theoretical guidance



Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2000) knowledge creation modelNonaka, Toyama and Konno (2000) knowledge creation model

Emphasize need for knowledge mapping & knowledge vision Emphasize need for knowledge mapping & knowledge vision

Theoretical framework

- Interrelated concepts, theories

- Guides research to determine things to measure and statistical relationship

- Nine KM models

Theoretical framework

- Interrelated concepts, theories

- Guides research to determine things to measure and statistical relationship

- Nine KM models

Experiential KA Conceptual KA

Routine KA Systemic KA

Similar to Boisot (1987)knowledge as either codified or uncodified, & as diffused or undiffusedSimilar to Boisot (1987)knowledge as either codified or uncodified, & as diffused or undiffused



Small and Tatalias’s (2000) KM model Small and Tatalias’s (2000) KM model

Second dimension consists of elements that influence knowledge creation activities Second dimension consists of elements that influence knowledge creation activities

Second dimension

Firstdimension

Similar to Probst, Raub, and Romhardt (1999) Knowledge goals and assessment influence the core KM processes KM processes – identification, acquisition, development, distribution, utilization, retention

Similar to Probst, Raub, and Romhardt (1999) Knowledge goals and assessment influence the core KM processes KM processes – identification, acquisition, development, distribution, utilization, retention


- Kruger and Snyman (2005)

-Davenport (1998)

- McAdam and McCreedy (1999)

-Rowley (2001)

-Bouthillier and Shearer (2002)

- Earl (2001)

- Kruger and Snyman (2005)

-Davenport (1998)

- McAdam and McCreedy (1999)

-Rowley (2001)

-Bouthillier and Shearer (2002)

- Earl (2001)Schools of KM -technocratic, economic and behavioural Schools of KM -technocratic, economic and behavioural

KM principles should be predetermined for the successfully institutionalization of KM practicesKM principles should be predetermined for the successfully institutionalization of KM practices

Knowledge construction, embodiment, dissemination and useKnowledge construction, embodiment, dissemination and use

Knowledge acquisition, creation and construction, articulation and sharing, repositories’ updating, diffusion, use and revision

Knowledge acquisition, creation and construction, articulation and sharing, repositories’ updating, diffusion, use and revision

Knowledge gathering (discovery acquisition & creation ), sharing, storage, use and applicationKnowledge gathering (discovery acquisition & creation ), sharing, storage, use and application

Ten principles that guide KM processesTen principles that guide KM processes




Qualitative researchQualitative research- Studies human action in natural setting

- Recommended by various IK studies

- Triangulation

- Studies complexities of a particular human setting

- Describes tacit & explicit knowledge

- Used by various IK studies (Jenkins and Heywood 1984; Payton et al. 2003; Shemdoe 2003)

- Observation, interview, focus group

- Studies complexities of a particular human setting

- Describes tacit & explicit knowledge

- Used by various IK studies (Jenkins and Heywood 1984; Payton et al. 2003; Shemdoe 2003)

- Observation, interview, focus group

- Empowers people to share, analyze and enhance their knowledge- Recommended by various IK studies

- Used by various IK studies (Hart & Mouton 2005; Hellier, Newton and Gaona 1999; Messing & Fagerström 2001)

- Information mapping- Problem tree

- Empowers people to share, analyze and enhance their knowledge- Recommended by various IK studies

- Used by various IK studies (Hart & Mouton 2005; Hellier, Newton and Gaona 1999; Messing & Fagerström 2001)

- Information mapping- Problem tree

Ethnography Participatory Rural appraisal (PRA)

Research design



Study area

2. Presence of telecenter

1. High agricultural production

“Agriculture production, diversity in agro-ecology, ethnicity, population density & Infrastructure”

- Rural-based- Operated for more than one year - Offers a variety of services

KAGERAKAGERA

KIGOMAKIGOMA

ShinyangaShinyanga

DODOMADODOMA

ARUSHAARUSHA

MOROGOMOROGORORO

RukwaRukwa

MbeyaMbeya

IringaIringa

RUVUMARUVUMA

LindiLindi

MtwaraMtwara

CoastCoastSingidaSingida

TaboraTabora

MaraMara

TangaTanga

KilimanjaroKilimanjaro

Dar es Dar es salaamsalaam

1. Lake agro-ecological zone - Karagwe district in Kagera region

2. Western agro-ecological zone - Kasulu district in Kigoma region

3. Northern agro-ecological zone - Marangu district in Kilimanjaro region

4. Central agro-ecological zone - Mpwapwa district in Dodoma region

5. Eastern agro-ecological zone - Kilosa district in Morogoro region

6. Southern highlands zone - Songea rural district in Ruvuma region

Criteria used

7. Southern agro-ecological zone - Not selected

MOZAMBIQUEMOZAMBIQUE


Study population



Pre-testing

Multiple

number of

observation

Triangulation

- Participant observation- Semi-structured interview - Pre-tested in a rural area- Conveniently sampled

- To compare results

- To ensure reliability

- To compare findings- Avoid errors and bias- Ensure credibility of findings

Validity

and

reliability

- Establishing & assessing the quality of research

Validity

and

reliability

- Establishing & assessing the quality of research


Thank you for your attention!

Edda Tandi LwogaUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal

Prolissa: Doctoral Forum, 4 th March, 2009, Pretoria, South Africa Application of knowledge management approaches in managing and integrating indigenous.

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