Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organismsweissteachernotes.com/IAProjects/ProjectITGS1/IA_Cynthia_Wong... · Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes . Prokaryote Eukaryote . Graphic Organizer Compare

Asexual Reproduction

Graphic Organizer

Compare and Contrast the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryote Eukaryote

Graphic Organizer

Compare and Contrast how Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes reproduce.

Prokaryote Eukaryote

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular. No nucleus Some anaerobic (doesn’t use

oxygen for cellular respiration)

Contain single, circular chromosome for DNA storage.

REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY

Mostly multicellular. Has “true nucleus”

membrane bound organelles Mostly Aerobic (uses oxygen

for cellular respiration) Contain multiple, linear

chromosomes for DNA storage

Mostly sexual reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction in Prokaryotes

Binary Fission: When a prokaryotic organism splits into two organisms of equal genetic material.

1 organism 2 organisms Ex: Bacteria http://www.microbelibrary.org/microbelibrary/files/ccImages/Articleimages/M

ondoMedia/2bhirez.mov

Asexual Reproduction • Budding: The

formation of a new organism from growing out of a previous organism.

• 1 organism

• 2 organisms

• Ex: Yeast, hydra, sometimes jellyfish.

Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes

• Vegetative Reproduction: Asexual reproduction in plants without using seeds or spores.

• (Often results in clonal colonies)

• 1 organism many organisms

• Ex: Seedless plants (bananas, potato, grass strawberries).

Asexual Reproduction • Spore Formation: The

organism breaks into many pieces into spores which can develop into new organisms identical to the parent.

• 1 organism many organisms

• Ex: Fungi, molds, some Ferns

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter3/animation_quiz_1.html

Conidium: Fungus Spore

Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes

• Fragmentation: A broken piece from an organism develops into a new organism.

• Ex: Starfish

Asexual Reproduction

• ADVANTAGES – Faster reproduction – Does not require a

partner. – Does not require

traveling (Saves energy!) – Less complex (Less

likely for mistakes).

• DISADVANTAGES – Requires ideal condition. – Everyone has the same

genetic info (If a mutation occurs, it’s there forever!)

– Lacks variety for adaptation and evolutionary selection.

Surface Area: Why Size Matters

Asexual Reproduction One parent produces an identical daughter cell

Binary Fission (Bacteria) Budding (Hydra, Baker’s Yeast) Sporogenesis (Some fungi) Vegetative Reproduction (Tulip) Fragmentation (Starfish/Earthworm)

All prokaryotes use asexual reproduction (and some eukaryotes)

Limited genetic variation (COPYING ONLY!) DNA circular (plasmid); one copy of each gene Process is similar to Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction Combining of genetic material to form offspring

(typically two parents) Most multicellular organisms use this method Large range of genetic variation – WHY?! DNA linear (chromosome); usually two copies of each

gene Process a result of Meiosis

Assessment Questions Creating offspring without the need for a partner is

called ________ __________. Bacteria reproduce by perfectly copying themselves in

a process called ____ _____. The ability for a potato to sprout from remains of a

previous potato is called _____ _______. In a hydra, new organisms can be produced from

groups of cells that emerge in a process called _________.

Humans, amongst other eukaryotes, create offspring by ________ __________.