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Physical Features of India :

Mountains Rivers Plains of India Plateaus of India Coastal areas Islands of India

Mountains

Himalayas The  Himalayas, also  Himalaya, (/  or  /;  Sanskrit,  him  (snow) +  ālaya  (dwelling),

literally, "abode of the snow"[1]) is amountain range  in  Asia  separating the plains of the  Indian subcontinent  from the  Tibetan Plateau.

The Himalayan range is home to the planet's highest peaks, including the highest,  . The Himalayas include over a  hundred mountains  exceeding 7,200 metres (23,600  ft) in elevation. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia –  Aconcagua, in the  Andes  – is 6,961 metres (22,838  ft) tall.[2]  The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in bothBuddhism  and  Hinduism.

Besides the  Greater Himalayas  of these high peaks there are parallel lower ranges. The first foothills, reaching about a thousand meters along the northern edge of the plains, are caMount Everestlled the  Sivalik Hills  or  Sub-Himalayan Range. Further north is a higher range reaching two to three thousand meters known as the  Lower Himalayan  or  Mahabharat Range.

The Himalayas abut or cross five countries:  Bhutan,  India,  Nepal,  China, and  Pakistan, with the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range.[3]  The Himalayas are bordered on the northwest by the  Karakoram  and  Hindu Kush  ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the  Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Three of the world's major rivers, the  Indus, the  Ganges  and the  Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, all rise near  Mount Kailash  and cross and encircle the Himalayas. Their combined  drainage basin  is home to some 600 million people.

Lifted by the collision of the  Indian tectonic plate  with the  Eurasian Plate,[4]  the Himalayan range runs, west-northwest to east-southeast, in an arc 2,400 kilometres (1,500  mi) long. Its western anchor,  Nanga Parbat, lies just south of the northernmost bend of Indus river, its eastern anchor,  Namcha Barwa, just west of the great bend of the Tsangpo river. The range varies in width from 400 kilometres (250  mi) in the west to 150 kilometres (93  mi) in the east.

Kanchenjunga It is the third highest Mountain of the world

and highest in India. It is located between the border of India and

Nepal. The Elevation or Height of it is 28,169 feet

(8,586 m) In 1954, a reconnaissance of Kanchenjunga's

southwest side was made by John Kempe (leader), J.W. Tucker, Ron Jackson, Trevor H. Braham, G.C. Lewis, and Dr. D.S. Mathews. This reconnaissance led to the route used by the successful 1955 expedition.

It is the second highest mountain in India.

It is situated on the border of Uttar Pradesh.

The Elevation or Height of it is 7,816 m (25,643 ft).

First ascent to climb on Nanda Devi on 1939 are J. Bujak and J. Klarner.

Nanda Devi

Kedarnath It is located at

Uttarakhand, India. The first one to climb on the

mountain in 1947, was a Swiss team led by André Roch.

The Elevation or Height of Kedarnath is 6,940 m (22,769 ft).

 Kedarnath is a Hindu holy town and one of the dham.

River Mandakini flows from kedarnath.

Rivers

LeftRamganga,  Gomti,  Ghaghara,Gandaki,  Burhi Gandak , Koshi,Mahananda

RightYamuna, Tamsa, Son, Punpun

Yamuna The tributaries of Ganga river are as

follows :-LeftTons, Hindon, Sarda, Kunta, Gir,Rishiganga, Hanuman Ganga

RightChambal, Betwa, Ken, Sindh

The River origin is Champasar Glacier.

The River basin is 366,223 km2 (141,399 sq mi)

The States where it flows are Uttaranchal,

Uttar Pradesh, Haryana .

Krishna

LeftBhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Halia, Musi, Paleru, Munneru

RightVenna, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhganga,Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Tungabhadra

Plains

Eastern Coastal Plains The Eastern Coastal Plains refer to a wide stretch of

landmass of India, lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. These plains are wider and level as compared to the western coastal plains. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north

Deltas of many of India's rivers form a major portion of these plains. The Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna rivers drain these plains. The region receives both the Northeast and Southwest monsoon rains with its annual rainfall averaging between 1,000 mm (40 in) and 3,000 mm (120 in). The width of the plains varies between 100 to 130 km (62 to 80 miles).

The  Western Coastal Plains  is a thin strip of coastal plain 50 kilometres (31  mi) in width between the west coast of  India  and the  Western Ghats  hills, which starts near the south of river Tapi. They are sandwiched between the  Western Ghats  and the  Arabian Sea. The plains begin at  Gujarat  in the north and end at  Kerala  in the south. It also includes the states of  Maharashtra,  Goa  andKarnataka. It consists of three sections. The Northern part of the coast is called the Konkan (Mumbai-Goa), the central stretch is called the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is referred to as the  Malabar Coast. On its northern side there are two gulfs: the gulf of Khambat and the gulf of Kachch. The rivers here end up forming estuaries and therefore it is ideal for pisciculture.

Western Coastal Plains

Plateaus of India

Deccan Plateau

The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India, making up most of the southern part of the country. It rises a hundred meters high in the north, and more than a kilometer high in the south, forming a raised triangle within the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian subcontinent's coastline. It is located between two mountain ranges: the Western Ghats form its western boundary, and the Eastern Ghats its eastern boundary. Each rises from their respective nearby coastal plains and nearly meet at the southern tip of India. It is separated from the Gangetic plain to the north by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges, which form its northern boundary.

Deccan Plateau

The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi River lies to the south. The total area of the Chota Plateau is approximately 65,000 square kilometers (25,000 sq mi). The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a continental plateau - an extensive area of land thrust above the general land. The plateau has been formed by continental uplift from forces acting deep inside the earth.

Chota Nagpur Plateau

Costal areas

Costal areas

The Eastern Coastal Areas is a wide stretch of land lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the east.

Eastern Costal areas

Western Coastal Areas

The Western Coastal Areas is a narrow strip of land sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, ranging from 50 to 100 km (31 to 62 mi) in width.

Islands

Islands

The Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are India's two major island formations and are classified as union territories.

Islands

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located between 6° and 14° north latitude and 92° and 94° east longitude.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The Lakshadweep Islands lie 200 to 300 km (120 to 190 mi) off the coast of Kerala in the Arabian Sea with an area of 32 km2 (12 sq mi).

Lakshadweep Islands

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Made by Aryan VermaClass - 6