Project Solar Power Generation

Acknowledgement

&

Project Overview

The aim of this project report is to estimate and calculate theapproximate design of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility scale).

The total no. of solar panel required and the different parametersof the solar panel estimated. A site in West Bengal is takenvirtually to estimate the solar intensity of the site which is mostimportant for calculation of such type of report.

A Single Line Diagram (SLD) has been introduced in this report.

Also the brief details of the materials/equipments (solar panels,inverters, protective gears, transformer, SCADA etc.) used to setup a 1MW power plant have been highlighted.

A financial overview with a possible income datasheet included inthe project report

Please give your feedback via email to this email address:[email protected]

1 1

Contents

1. Aim of the project

2. Financial overview

3. Global market price trends of solar panel

4. Technical Calculation/Estimation & Specification

i. Solar panel

ii. Inverter

iii. Protective gears

iv. SCADA system

v. Transformer

5.Single line diagram & Schematics

2 2

1.Aim of the project

Aim of this paper is to give an overview of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility

scale).

How the project will work?1. Using solar pv modules, solar power generates in DC which is converted into

AC power and then using a power transformer the generated and modified

AC power will be fed to the grid.

2. No battery storage introduced here because the plant will only functions in the

daylight and here the generated power will be sold to the grid.

3. For the minimal operation and maintenance of the plant, an off-grid/stand

alone 5KW solar power can be introduced.

The benefits and the installation cost details are highlighted in the next article.

3 3

2. Financial Overview

Installation cost, total project cost, maintenance cost and also the total & net

income from the plant over a year are highlighted in this article.

Installation cost

1. Solar panels

i. German tech.

ii. China tech.

5.93 cr4.1 cr

2. Central inverters(4) 1 cr

3. Combiner + junction boxes 30 lacs

4. Protective gears arrangment 10 lacs

5. SCADA & Data logger system 10 lacs

6. Land bank 5 lacs (approx.)

7. Erection of project 10 lacs

8. Total project costi. For German Tech.ii. For China Tech

7.58 cr5.75 cr

Maintenance cost

1. Human resource 20 lacs/ year

2. PV maintenance 1 lacs/ year

3. Site maintenance 1 lacs/ year

4. Total maintenance cost 22 lacs/ year

4 4

Income from the 1 MW solar PV plantThe site chosen in West Bengal where daily sun hours=5 hrs through

out the year.

Maximum Solar intensity on the site= 6.18 KW-h/m2/day

Total sunny days available in west Bengal = 255 days

Income from plant1. Daily units generated 5000 units

2. Yearly units generated 5000x365=1,825,000 units3. Govt. pays per unit

(i.e. state electricity board’s powerpurchase rate)

12.5 ₹/ unit(according to WBREDA 2011-12)

4. Total income over the year 2.28 cr

5. net income over the year 2.28-0.22=2.06 cr

Govt. subsidiaries :Central govt. or MNRE dept. will pay 30% of the total project cost or

provide low bank loan interest (whichever is less)

For this project, by taking the 30% govt. subsidy over the installation

cost, investment will be:

i. 5.30 cr for German PV technology

ii. 4.02 cr for China PV technology

5 5

Variation of market price index solar PV modules:From august, 2011 to august, 2012

Price trends August 2012

Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-07

Trend since 2012-01

CrystallineGermany

0.88 - 3.3 % - 17.8 %

Crystalline China 0.61 - 4.7 % - 22.8 %

Crystalline Japan 0.91 - 2.2 % - 13.3 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.59 - 1.7 % - 13.2 %

Thin film a-Si 0.50 - 2.0 % - 16.7 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,57 - 3.4 % - 25.0 %

Price trends July 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-06

Trend since 2012-01

CrystallineGermany

0.91 - 2.2 % - 15.0 %



Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.60 0.0 % - 11.8 %

Thin film a-Si 0.51 - 3.8 % - 15.0 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,59 - 4.8 % - 22.4 %

6 6

Price trends June 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-05

Trend since 2012-01

CrystallineGermany

0.93 - 3.1 % - 13.1 %




Thin film a-Si 0.53 - 3.6 % - 11.7 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,62 - 4.6 % - 18.4 %

Price trends May 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-04

Trend since 2012-01

CrystallineGermany

0.96 - 3.0 % - 10.3 %




Thin film a-Si 0.55 - 1.8 % - 8.3 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,65 - 4.4 % - 14.5 %

Price trends April 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-03

Trend since 2012-01

CrystallineGermany

0.99 - 2.9 % - 7.5 %




Thin film a-Si 0.56 - 1.8 % - 6.7 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,68 - 4.2 % - 10.5 %

7 7

Price trends March 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-02

Trend since 2012-01

CrystallineGermany

1.02 - 1.0 % - 4.7 %




Thin film a-Si 0.57 0.0 % - 5.0 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,71 - 1.4 % - 6.6 %

Price trends February 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2012-01

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.03 - 3.7 % - 39.7 %




Thin film a-Si 0.57 - 5.0 % - 47.0 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.72 - 5.3 % - 43.0 %

Price trends January 2012Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2011-12

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.07 - 4.5 % - 37.3 %




Thin film a-Si 0.60 - 6.3 % - 44.2 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.76 - 7.3 % - 39.8 %

8 8

Price trends December 2011Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2011-11

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.12 - 4.8 % - 34.4 %




Thin film a-Si 0.64 - 4.9 % - 40.5 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.82 - 3.5 % - 35.1 %

Price trends November 2011Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2011-10

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.18 - 8.7 % - 31.1 %




Thin film a-Si 0.67 - 8.5 % - 37.4 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.85 - 5.0 % - 32.8 %

Price trends October 2011Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2011-09

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.29 - 3.0 % - 24.5 %




Thin film a-Si 0.74 - 4.5 % - 31.6 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.89 - 3.9 % - 29.2 %

9 9

Price trends September 2011Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2011-08

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.33 - 4.4 % - 22.2 %




Thin film a-Si 0.77 - 9.6 % - 28.4 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,93 - 5.2 % - 26.4 %

Price trends August 2011Module type,origin

€ /Wp

Trend since 2011-07

Trend since 2011-01

CrystallineGermany

1.39 - 4.7 % - 18.6 %




Thin film a-Si 0.85 - 5.8 % - 20.8 %

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,98 - 1.8 % - 22.3 %

1.00 EUR = 69.3608 INREuro

↔

Indian Rupee

1 EUR = 69.3608 INR 1 INR = 0.0144174 EUR

10 10

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

CrystallineGermany

CrystallineChina

Crystallinejapan

Thin filmCdS/CdTe

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/µ-Si

EURO

/Wp

market scenario of solar PV modules

aug,2012

jul,2012

jun,2012

may,2012

apr,2012

mar,2012

feb,2012

jan,2012

dec,2011

nov,2011

oct,2011

11 11

Calculation details of solar modules overall ratingsand no. of solar panel used

Worksheet for determining required number of panels

Total capacity of the plant 1MWp

Avg. sun hrs per day 5

Total power/day 5MWp

Total watt-hrs per day 5x1000x1000 W-h/day

Maximum solar insolation at the site 6.18 KW-h/m2/day

Divide total watt-hrs/day by solarinsolation

809061.4887

Multiply this figure by 1.2(to coversystem inefficiency)

809061.4887x1.2=970873.7864

No. of solar panel=Divide this figure bythe Wp(here 300Wp) of the chosen solarpanel

3236.3~3236**

**for better efficiency and to utilize the inverter and other components better weshould consider the no. of solar panel=3240

12 12

Solar PV arrangement & overall system ratingRating of solar panelWattp (W) 300WpDC Voltage (Vmp( V)) 36.72VDC Current (Imp (A)) 8.17AOpen Circuit Voltage (Voc (V)) 45.50Short Circuit Current (Isc (A)) 8.65

Setup of panels as per requirementsBy calculation and the demand of the plant,

The total no. of solar pv panels to be used= 3236

From 3236 panels, total 3240 panels are considered to generate the required energy-1MW.

Configuration details:

3240 panels are divided into 4 groups- each group containing 810 solar panels. In each group, 810 panels are further divided into 54 strings Each string contains 15 solar panels.

Electrical calculation:

Output voltage of each string 36.72x15=550.8 VDCOutput current of each string 8.17 ADCOutput voltage of each group 550.8 VDCOutput current of each group 8.17x54=441.18 ADC

NOTE: in each string, the solar panels are connected in series to increase the voltage. Andin each group, the 54 strings are connected in parallel to increase the current.

DC output power calculation:

Output power of each string 550.8x8.17=4.5 KWOutput power of each group 243KWOutput power of 4 groups 972KW

13 13

The above specifications are available with TITAN ENERGY SYSTEMS LTD.Their module spec TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline (high efficiency) has beenused as a reference.

A datasheet/spec. sheet of TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline has been provided inthis report.

Please go through it for more details.

14 14

Typical Electrical Characteristics

Type TITAN M6-72

Max Power Pmp (W) 275 280 285

Power Tolerance (W) +0 to 4.9Wp or ±2.5%

Max Power Voltage Vmp(V) 35.04 35.18 36.12

Max Power Current Imp (A) 7.85 7.96 8.03

Open Circuit Voltage Voc (V) 43.99 44.28 44.78

Short Circuit Current Isc (A) 8.39 8.46 8.53

Max System Voltage VDC 1000

Number, type and arrangement of cells 72, Multi-Crystalline, 12 x 6 Matrix

Cell Size 6” x 6” / 156 x 156 mm

No. of By-pass Diodes 3

Max Series Fuse (A) 15

Pm Temperature Co-efficient (γ) (%/°C) -0.41

Isc Temperature Co-efficient (α) (%/°C) +0.04

Voc Temperature Co-efficient (β) (%/°C) -0.32

NOCT at STC (°C) 45±1

Mechanical Characteristics

Junction Box Tyco / ZJRH / Huber + Suhner

Type of connector Tyco / MC4

Dimensions (L x W x Th) mm 1975 x 988 x 50

Weight Kg 27.0

No. of Drain Holes in Frame 12

Glass Type and Thickness 4 mm Thick, Low iron, Tempered

Packing Configuration

Packing Configuration 20 Modules in each pallet

1 * 20 Ft 200 Modules

1 * 40 Ft STD/HQ 400 modules

Absolute Ratings

Operating Temperature (°C) -40 ~ +85

Storage Temperature (°C) -40 ~ +85

PV Module TITAN M6-72

Product Guarantee : 5 years

Limited Power Warranty : 90% @ 12 Years

80% @ 25 Years

High Efficiency PV Modules

35.63

8.00

44.42

8.49

290265

34.33

7.72

43.27

8.30

Titan Energy Systems Ltda member of SARSA group

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company

Strengths

• Positive power tolerance

• High Efficiency Multi Crystalline Modules

• TUV Certifications:

• Withstands heavy loading due to snow & ice;

Has higher safety margin for storm weatherand gale winds

NOTE: The data presented may change due to further improvements in the product.

Certifications

Electrical parameters tolerance ±5%

EN IEC 61215 : 2005EN IEC 61730-1 : 2004 / 2007EN IEC 61730-2 : 2004 / 2007

36.51

8.08

45.00

8.56

295

36.72

8.17

45.50

8.65

300

36.97

8.25

45.58

8.68

305270

34.75

7.77

43.70

8.34

EN IEC 61701 : 2010-02

• Qualified for Highly corrosive Wet-

Atmospheres & Environments

15 15

PV Module TITAN M6-72

Dimensions

PV Module Products

M6-72 Family Series (305Wp to 125Wp) : M6-72, M6-60, M6-54 & M6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards

S6-60 Family Series (250Wp to 120Wp) : S6-60, S6-54 & S6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards

S6-60 - Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard

S5-96 Family Series (250Wp to 75Wp) : S5-96, S5-72, S5-60, S5-54 & S5-36 - Certified for IEC Standards

M6-60: Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard; M6-72: Certification for UL (USA & Canada) is in Progress

S6-72 Family Series (300Wp to 285Wp) : Certification for IEC & UL (USA & Canada) Standards

www.titan-energy.com

TITAN Energy Systems Ltd,

16, Aruna Enclave, Trimulgherry,

Secunderabad – 500 015, INDIA

Phone: +91 (0)40 27791085, 27790751

Fax: +91 (0)40 27795629

Email: [email protected]

Corporate Office (India) :TITAN Energy Systems Ltd,

Basel, 4052

Switzerland

Phone: +41-6150-0052-9

Email: [email protected]

Sales Office (Europe) :

50+0.5 mm

DATA Label

Warning Label

Terminal Box

100+1mm

592+1mm

591+1mm

592+1mm

100+1mm

4 Sq mm Cable, 1Mtr Length

with Connectors

3.9 mm Ø EARTHINGHOLES - 2 nos

100+1 mm

237.5+1 mm

375+1 mm

REAR VIEW

988+1 mm

943.5+1 mm

8X12- MOUNTINGSLOTS - 10 nos

4.5mm Ø DRAIN HOLES -12 nos

Embossed

Earth Symbol

100+1mm

375+1 mm

1975± 1 mm

FRONT VIEW

(One on each long member)

(5 on each long member)

FRAME

SIDE RAIL

988± 1 mm

1975 ± 1mm

Sl.No.Label

Typical I-V Curves

Current/voltage dependence on irradiance and module temperature.These I-V curves indicate the effect of temperature and light intensity on module Performance.

1000 W/m at 25 C2 O

1000 W/m at 25 C2 O

800 W/m at 25 C2 O

800 W/m at 25 C2 O

600 W/m at 25 C2 O

600 W/m at 25 C2 O

400 W/m at 25 C2 O

400 W/m at 25 C2 O

200 W/m at 25 C2 O

200 W/m at 25 C2 O

Cu

rre

nt

(A)

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0 10.0

1000 W/m at 50 C2 O

1000 W/m at 50 C2 O

Voltage (V)20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

16 16

Inverter Details & Specification

Type of the inverter: central inverter considered

Recommended specification

Input (DC)

Max input power 300 kWpDC voltage range, mpp (UDC) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V)Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC)) 900 V (1000 V)Maximum DC current (Imax (DC)) 600 AVoltage ripple < 3%Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) 2 (+/-) / 8

Output (AC)

Nominal AC output power (PN (AC)) 250 kWNominal AC current (IN (AC)) 485 ANominal output voltage (UN (AC)) 300 VOutput frequency 50 / 60 HzHarmonic distortion, current < 3%Power factor compensation (cosϕ) YesDistribution network type TN and IT

To meet the above stated criteria, central inverter manufactured by ABB isconsidered.

PVS800-57-0250kW-A inverter manufactured by ABB considered. Total 4 inverters of PVS800-57-0250kW-A type required to generate the 1MW

power. Brief details of this inverter can be collected from the official website of

ABB.

17 17

ABB central inverters PVS800100 to 500 kW

ABB central inverters raise reliability, efficiency and ease on installation to new levels. The inverters are aimed at system integrators and end users who require high performance solar inverters for large photovoltaic power plants and industrial and commercial buildings. The inverters are available from 100 kW up to 500 kW, and are optimized for cost-efficient multi-megawatt power plants.

World’s leading inverter platformThe ABB solar inverters have been developed on the basis of decades of experience in the industry and proven technology platform. Unrivalled expertise from the world’s market and technology leader in variable speed AC and DC drives is the hallmark of the new solar inverter series.

Based on ABB’s highly successful platform of industrial drives - the most widely used industrial drives on the market – the inverters are the most efficient and cost-effective way to convert the direct current generated by solar modules into high-quality and CO2-free alternating current that can be fed into the power network.

Solar inverters from ABBABB central inverters are ideal for large photovoltaic power plants and medium sized power plants installed in commercial or industrial buildings. High efficiency, proven components, compact and modular design and a host of life cycle services ensures ABB central inverters provide a rapid return on investment.

Highlights − High efficiency and long operating life − Modular and compact product design − Extensive DC and AC side protection − Power factor compensation as

standard − Fast and easy installation − Complete range of industrial-type

data communication options, including remote monitoring

− Life cycle service and support through ABB’s extensive global service network

Solar inverters

18 18

2 ABB solar inverters | Product flyer for PVS800

Technical data and types

Type designation PVS800-57-0100kW-A PVS800-57-0250kW-A PVS800-57-0500kW-A

100 kW 250 kW 500 kW

Input (DC)

Recommended max input power (PPV) 1) 120 kWp 300 kWp 600 kWp

DC voltage range, mpp (UDC) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*)

Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC)) 900 V (1000 V*) 900 V (1000 V*) 900 V (1000 V*)

Maximum DC current (Imax (DC)) 245 A 600 A 1145 A

Voltage ripple < 3% < 3% < 3%

Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) 1 (+/-) / 4 2) 2 (+/-) / 8 2) 4 (+/-) / 16 2)

Output (AC)

Nominal AC output power (PN (AC)) 100 kW 250 kW 500 kW

Nominal AC current (IN (AC)) 195 A 485 A 965 A

Nominal output voltage (UN (AC)) 3) 300 V 300 V 300 V

Output frequency 4) 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz

Harmonic distortion, current 5) < 3% < 3% < 3%

Power factor compensation (cosϕ) Yes Yes Yes

Distribution network type 6) TN and IT TN and IT TN and IT

Efficiency

Maximum 7) 98.0% 98.0% 98.0%

Euro-eta 7) 97.5% 97.6% 97.6%

Power consumption

Own consumption in operation < 350 W < 300 W < 600 W

Standby operation consumption < appr. 55 W < appr. 55 W < appr. 55 W

External auxiliary voltage 8) 230 V, 50 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz

Dimensions and weight

Width / Height / Depth, mm (W / H / D) 1030 / 2130 / 644 1830 / 2130 / 644 3030 / 2130 / 644

Weight appr. 550 kg 1100 kg 1800 kg1) Inverter limits the power to a safe level2) Optional MCB inputs, 80 A each3) Grid voltage (+/- 10%)4) Grid frequency (48 to 63 Hz)

ABB central inverters

Maximum energy and feed-in revenuesABB central inverters have a high efficiency level. Optimized and accurate system control and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm ensure that maximum energy is delivered to the power network from the solar modules. For end users this generates the highest possible revenues from the feed-in tariffs now common in many countries.

Proven ABB componentsThe inverters comprise proven ABB components with a long track record of performance excellence in demanding applications and harsh environments. Equipped with extensive electrical and mechanical protection, the inverters are engineered to provide a long and reliable service life of at least 20 years.

Compact and modular designThe inverters are designed for fast and easy installation. The industrial design and modular platform provides a wide range of options like remote monitoring,

fi eldbus connection and integrated DC cabinets. The inverters are customized and confi gured to meet end user needs and are available with short delivery times.

Effective connectivityABB’s transformerless central inverter series enables system integrators to design the solar power plant using a combination of different power rating inverters, which are connected to the medium voltage grid centrally.

In certain conditions, the ABB central inverter’s topology allows a parallel connection directly to the AC side, enabling electricity to be fed to the grid via a single transformer. This avoids the need for each central inverter to have its own transformer, thereby saving cost and space. However, in systems where the DC side needs to be grounded, an inverter dedicated winding within a transformer, or a separate transformer, must be used always.

5) At nominal power6) 300 V output must be IT type7) Without auxiliary power consumption at 450 V UDC

8) 115 V, 60 Hz optional

* Max 1000 VDC input voltage as an option with mppt range 450 to 825 V. If DC is > 1000 VDC inverter is not damaged, but will not start.

19 19

Product flyer for PVS800 | ABB solar inverters 3

Type designation PVS800-57-0100kW-A PVS800-57-0250kW-A PVS800-57-0500kW-A

100 kW 250 kW 500 kW

Environmental limits

Degree of protection IP22 / IP42 9) IP22 / IP42 9) IP22 / IP42 9)

Ambient temperature range (nominal ratings) 10) -15 °C to +40 °C -15 °C to +40 °C -15 °C to +40 °C

Maximum ambient temperature 11) +50 °C +50 °C +50 °C

Relative humidity, not condensing 15% to 95% 15% to 95% 15% to 95%

Maximum altitude (above sea level) 12) 2000 m 2000 m 2000 m

Maximum noise level 75 dBA 75 dBA 13) 75 dBA 13)

Cooling air flow 1300 m3/h 1880 m3/h 3760 m3/h

Protection

Ground fault monitoring 9) Yes Yes Yes

Grid monitoring 9) Yes Yes Yes

Anti-islanding 9) Yes Yes Yes

DC reverse polarity Yes Yes Yes

AC and DC short circuit and over current Yes Yes Yes

AC and DC over voltage and temperature Yes Yes Yes

User interface and communications

Local user interface ABB local control panel ABB local control panel ABB local control panel

Analog inputs / outputs 1/2 1/2 1/2

Digital inputs / relay outputs 3/1 3/1 3/1

Fieldbus connectivity Modbus, PROFIBUS, Ethernet

Product compliance

Safety and EMC CE conformity according to LV and EMC directives

Certifications and approvals VDE, CEI, UNE, RD, EDF

Grid support Reactive power compensation, Power reduction, Low voltage ride through 9)

ABB central inverter design and grid connection

9) Optional10) Frosting is not allowed. May need optional cabinet heating.11) Power derating after 40 °C12) Power derating above 1000 m. Above 2000 m special requirements.13) At partial power typically < 70 dBA

PVS800 inverter

PVS800 inverter

3

3

Control and

monitor

Control and

monitor

Filte

rFi

lter

EM

Cfil

ter

EM

Cfil

ter

EM

Cfil

ter

EM

Cfil

ter

20 20

3AU

A00

0005

7380

RE

V F

EN

21.

4.20

11 #

1564

2

ABB central inverter data communication principle

250 kWp solar array 250 kWp solar array

250 kWp solar array250 kWp solar array

Central inverter

Central inverter

Central inverter

Central inverter

Internet

Local PC

Remote PC

Field busMedium voltage

transformers

3-phase 20 kV

Modbus Adapter module

For more information contact your local ABB representative or visit:

www.abb.com/solarwww.abb.com

© Copyright 2011 ABB. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.

Accessories − Solar array junction boxes with string

monitoring − Remote monitoring solutions − Warranty extensions possible − Solar inverter care contracts

Options − Increased IP ratings for cabinets − Integrated DC input extension

cabinets − AC output grounding switch − Cabinet heating − I/O extensions − Extended voltage range, 1000 VDC

max. − DC grounding (negative and positive) − Fieldbus and Ethernet connections

Support and serviceABB supports its customers with a dedicated service network in more than 60 countries and provides a complete range of life cycle services from installation and commissioning to preventative maintenance, spare parts, repairs and recycling.

Junction box with monitoringIntegrated DC input extension cabinets

21 21

Protection and safety measurementsA schematic of the protection system

22 22

The main protections and protective gears are named here.

DC Side Protection

1. Fuses

A. for string protectionB. Fuses for array/inverter input protection

2. Fuse holders-

A. For string protectionB. Panel mount fuse holderC. In-line fuse holdersD. Array/inverter input protectionE. Dead front fuse covers

3. Surge protection devices

4. DC switch

A. Load break disconnect switchesB. High power switches

5. Cooling devices

A. Air and liquid cooled solutions

6. Wire management solutions

A. Finger-safe power distribution blocksB. Finger-safe comb wiring bar

7. Ground-fault protection

23 23

AC Side Protection

1. Circuit breaker

2. Bar contractor

3. Insulation monitoring device

24 24

For safety purpose and protection of the modulesand plant equipments , protective gears fromSchneider Electric have been considered formaximum benefits.

Details of safety measurements and protectivegears provided by Schneider Electric given intheir official website.

25 25

Solar SCADA systemData acquisition system for a solar plant is very important because it is important tomonitor the over all system condition including input/output condition, temperature, solarinsolation, weather condition, voltage/current fluctuation, output power condition, surgeeffect, load dispatch etc.

So, in this point of view a compact system with well service provider need to be pointedout.

ABB provides the monitoring facility/SCADA for solar (PV) power plants and the ABBinverter itself has an in-built SCADA system.

So, for monitoring and controlling of the over all power system ofthe plant, ABB SOLAR SCADA system is recommended here.

26 26

Block diagram & SLD

Block diagram representation of the system with SCADA &Data Logger facility

27 27

YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT

Report number: PV-2037-1209-6Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)

1. Site info

Site name: DurgapurBardhaman, West Bengal, India

Coordinates: 23° 32' 37.84" N, 87° 22' 44.67" EElevation a.s.l.: 69 mSlope inclination: 1°Slope azimuth: 61° northeast

Annual global in-plane irradiation: 1942 kWh/m2

Annual air temperature at 2 m: 26.3 °C

2. PV system info

Installed power: 1000.0 kWpType of modules: crystalline silicon (c-Si)Mounting system: fixed mounting, free standing 2 anglesAzimuth/inclinations: 180° (south) / 48° (winter), 17° (summer)Inverter Euro eff.: 97.5%DC / AC losses: 5.5% / 1.5%Availability: 99.0%

Annual average electricity production: 1470.7 MWhAverage performance ratio: 75.8%

Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#loc=23.543845,87.379074&tl=Google:Satellite&z=14

3. Geographic position

Google Maps © 2012 Google

4. Terrain horizon and day length

Left: Path of the Sun over a year. Terrain horizon (drawn by grey filling) and module horizon (blue filling) may haveshading effect on solar radiation. Black dots show True Solar Time. Blue labels show Local Clock Time.

Right: Change of the day length and solar zenith angle during a year. The local day length (time when the Sun is above thehorizon) is shorter compared to the astronomical day length, if obstructed by higher terrain horizon.

© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. page 1 of 4

http://solargis.info/imaps/#loc=23.543845,87.379074&tl=Google:Satellite&z=14

Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438°/87.3791°PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180° (south), inclination W 48°, S 17°

© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. Report number: PV-2037-1209-6 Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100) page 2 of 4

5. Global horizontal irradiation and air temperature - climate reference

Month Ghm

Ghd

Dhd

T24

Jan 126 4.05 2.10 18.1Feb 139 4.96 2.23 22.1Mar 184 5.93 2.56 27.1Apr 192 6.42 2.93 31.8May 190 6.12 3.28 33.7Jun 152 5.08 3.17 32.0Jul 140 4.51 2.98 29.3Aug 140 4.51 2.92 28.4Sep 132 4.40 2.66 27.4Oct 141 4.56 2.34 25.2Nov 127 4.25 2.13 21.8Dec 119 3.83 2.04 18.7Year 1782 4.88 2.61 26.3

Long-term monthly averages:

Ghm

Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]Gh

dDaily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Dhd

Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]T

24Daily (diurnal) air temperature [°C]

6. Global in-plane irradiationFixed surface, azimuth 180° (south), inclination. winter 48°, summer 17°

Month Gim

Gid

Did

Rid

Shloss

Jan 166 5.35 2.33 0.08 0.0Feb 168 5.99 2.39 0.10 0.0Mar 189 6.09 2.51 0.12 0.0Apr 196 6.54 2.98 0.02 0.0May 185 5.96 3.23 0.02 0.0Jun 146 4.87 3.08 0.01 0.0Jul 135 4.35 2.90 0.01 0.0Aug 139 4.48 2.89 0.01 0.0Sep 137 4.57 2.71 0.01 0.0Oct 157 5.06 2.35 0.09 0.0Nov 163 5.44 2.32 0.09 0.0Dec 161 5.18 2.28 0.08 0.0Year 1942 5.32 2.67 0.05 0.0


Gim

Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] Shloss

Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]Gi

dDaily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Did

Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]Ri

dDaily sum of reflected irradiation [kWh/m2]

Average yearly sum of global irradiation for different types of surface:

kWh/m2 relative to optimally inclinedHorizontal 1782 93.5%Optimally inclined (24°) 1905 100.0%2-axis tracking 2256 118.4%Your option 1941 101.9%



7. PV electricity production in the start-up

Month Esm

Esd

Etm

Eshare

PR

Jan 131 4.24 131.3 8.9 79.2Feb 129 4.61 129.1 8.8 77.0Mar 141 4.55 141.0 9.6 74.6Apr 142 4.74 142.1 9.7 72.5May 134 4.32 134.0 9.1 72.6Jun 107 3.59 107.7 7.3 73.7Jul 101 3.27 101.5 6.9 75.2Aug 105 3.39 105.1 7.1 75.7Sep 104 3.47 104.1 7.1 76.0Oct 120 3.88 120.3 8.2 76.7Nov 127 4.24 127.3 8.7 77.9Dec 127 4.10 127.2 8.6 79.2Year 1470 4.03 1470.7 100.0 75.8


Esm

Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] Eshare

Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%]Es

dDaily sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] PR Performance ratio [%]

Etm

Monthly sum of total electricity prod. [MWh]

8. System losses and performance ratio

Energy conversion step Energy output Energy loss Energy loss Performance ratio

[kWh/kWp] [kWh/kWp] [%] [partial %] [cumul. %]

1. Global in-plane irradiation (input) 1941 - - 100.0 100.0

2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading 1941 0 0.0 100.0 100.0

3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity 1886 -55 -2.8 97.2 97.2

4. Conversion to DC in the modules 1637 -249 -13.2 86.8 84.3

5. Other DC losses 1547 -90 -5.5 94.5 79.7

6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion) 1508 -39 -2.5 97.5 77.7

7. Transformer and AC cabling losses 1486 -22 -1.5 98.5 76.6

8. Reduced availability 1471 -15 -1.0 99.0 75.8

Total system performance 1471 -470 -24.2 - 75.8

Energy conversion steps and losses:

1. Initial production at Standard Test Conditions (STC) is assumed,2. Reduction of global in-plane irradiation due to obstruction of terrain horizon and PV modules,3. Proportion of global irradiation that is reflected by surface of PV modules (typically glass),4. Losses in PV modules due to conversion of solar radiation to DC electricity; deviation of module efficiency from STC,5. DC losses: this step assumes integrated effect of mismatch between PV modules, heat losses in interconnections and cables, lossesdue to dirt, snow, icing and soiling, and self-shading of PV modules,6. This step considers euro efficiency to approximate average losses in the inverter,7. Losses in AC section and transformer (where applicable) depend on the system architecture,8. Availability parameter assumes losses due to downtime caused by maintenance or failures.

Losses at steps 2 to 4 are numerically modeled by pvPlanner. Losses at steps 5 to 8 are to be assessed by a user. The simulationmodels have inherent uncertainties that are not discussed in this report. Read more about simulation methods and related uncertaintiesto evaluate possible risks at http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.

http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/



9. SolarGIS v1.8 - description of the database

SolarGIS is high-resolution climate database operated by GeoModel Solar s.r.o. with geographical extent covering Europe, Africa andAsia. Primary data layers include solar radiation, air temperature and terrain (elevation, horizon).

Air temperature at 2 m: developed from CFSR data (© NOAA NCEP); years: 1991 - 2009; recalculated to 15-minute values. The dataare spatially enhanced to 1 km resolution to reflect variability induced by high resolution terrain.

Solar radiation: calculated from Meteosat satellite data; years: 1999 - 2011; 30-minute values - global horizontal and direct normalirradiance.

This estimation assumes year having 365 days. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical roundingand cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. More information about the applied data and algorithms can be found at:http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.

10. Service provider

GeoModel Solar s.r.o., Milana Marečka 3, 84107 Bratislava, Slovakia; Registration ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766;Registration: Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B

11. Mode of use

This report shows solar power estimation in the start-up phase of a PV system. The estimates are accurate enough for small andmedium-size PV systems. For large projects planning and financing, more information may be needed:1. Statistical distribution and uncertainty of solar radiation2. Detailed specification of a PV system3. Interannual variability and P90 uncertainty of PV production4. Lifetime energy production considering performance degradation of PV components.

More information about full PV yield assessment can be found at: http://solargis.info/doc/pvreports/.

12. Disclaimer and legal information

Considering the nature of climate fluctuations, interannual and long-term changes, as well as the uncertainty of measurements andcalculations, GeoModel Solar s.r.o. cannot take full guarantee of the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done forthe assessment of climate conditions based on the best available data, software and knowledge. GeoModel Solar s.r.o. shall not beliable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the providedreport.

This report is copyright to © 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o., all rights reserved.SolarGIS® is a trade mark of GeoModel Solar s.r.o.

13. Contact information

This report has been generated by Mr. AMRIT MANDAL, KOLKATA, 700023 WEST BENGAL, India

http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/

http://solargis.info/doc/pvreports/

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