PROJECT SEA DRAGON STAGE 1 LEGUNE GROW-OUT …...United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2015, World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision,

Volume 4 - Cumulative Impact Assessment, Environmental Management and References

Chapter 4 - References 1-1

VOLUME 4 - CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4 - REFERENCES

PROJECT SEA DRAGON

STAGE 1 LEGUNE GROW-OUT FACILITY

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

Project Sea Dragon

Stage 1 Legune Grow-out Facility

Draft Environmental Impact Statement


Chapter 4 - References 4-i

CONTENTS

1 Volume 1 Project Overview ............................................................................ 1

1.1 Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1

1.3 Project Description ................................................................................................. 1

1.4 Approvals, Conditions and Agreements ................................................................. 2

1.5 Water Balance ........................................................................................................ 2

1.6 Project Alternatives ................................................................................................ 2

1.7 Ecologically Sustainable Development................................................................... 2

1.8 Risk Assessment ..................................................................................................... 3

2 Volume 2 Environmental Assessment ............................................................. 4

2.1 Geology, Geomorphology and Soils ....................................................................... 4

2.2 Marine and Estuarine Water .................................................................................. 6

2.3 Freshwater ............................................................................................................. 7

2.4 Groundwater .......................................................................................................... 8

2.5 Terrestrial Flora ...................................................................................................... 8

2.6 Terrestrial Fauna .................................................................................................. 11

2.7 Marine and Estuarine Ecology .............................................................................. 20

2.8 Freshwater Ecology .............................................................................................. 25

2.9 Waste Management ............................................................................................. 26

2.10 Air Quality ............................................................................................................. 27

2.11 Climate and Local Meteorology ........................................................................... 27

2.12 Climate Change Assessment ................................................................................ 27

2.13 Noise and Vibration .............................................................................................. 28

3 Volume 3 Social, Economic and Cultural Assesment ...................................... 29

3.1 Socio-Economic .................................................................................................... 29

3.2 Historic and Cultural Heritage .............................................................................. 29

3.3 Human Health and Safety .................................................................................... 30

3.4 Traffic and Transport ............................................................................................ 31

3.5 Amenity ................................................................................................................ 31

4 Volume 4 Cumulative Impact Assesment, Environmental Management and

References .......................................................................................................... 32

4.1 Cumulative Impacts .............................................................................................. 32

4.2 Environmental Management System ................................................................... 32

4.3 Environmental Management Plan ....................................................................... 32

Project Sea Dragon





1 VOLUME 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

1.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

No references

1.2 INTRODUCTION

No references

1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Aquaculture Stewardship Council 2014, ASC Shrimp standard version 1.0. March 2014. Created by the Shrimp

Aquaculture Dialogue March, 2014. Access date: 27 May 2016. Available from: http://www.asc-

aqua.org/upload/ASC%20Shrimp%20Standard_v1.0.pdf.

Blackwell, BF Bernhardt, GE and Dolbeer, R. A. 2002, 'Lasers as nonlethal avian repellents', The Journal of

Wildlife Management 66: 250-258.

Brann M 2016, Bird-scaring drone saving seed crops in the Ord Valley. ABC Rural, (Online). Available from:

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-19/bird-scaring-drone-saving-ord-valley-seed-crops/7852742.

Boyd, CE 2003, Guidelines for aquaculture effluent management at the farm level. Aquaculture 223.

Cheetham, MD, Keene, AF, Bush, RT, Sullivan, LA & Erskine, WD 2008, 'A comparison of grain-size analysis

methods for sand-dominated fluvial sediments', Sedimentology, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1905-1913.

Curtis KS, Pitt WC, Conover MR 1996, Overview of techniques for reducing bird predation at aquaculture

facilities. The Jack Berryman Institute, Utah State University, Logan, UT.

Dear, SE, Ahern, CR, O'Brien, LE, Dobos, SK, McElnea, AE, Moore, NG and Watling, KM 2014, Queensland Acid

Sulfate Soil Technical Manual: Soil Management Guidelines. Brisbane: Department of Science, Information

Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government.

Donovan, DJ 2001, Environmental code of practice for Australian prawn farmers. Australian Prawn Farmer’s

Association, September 2001. Available from:

https://ntepa.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/290080/appendix3.pdf.

Douglas Partners 2016, Report on geotechnical investigation, Project Sea Dragon. Prepared for: Seafarms

Group.

Draulans, D 1987, 'The effectiveness of attempts to reduce predation by fish-eating birds: a review', Biological

Conservation, 41, 219–232.

Komenda-Zehnder, S, Cevallos, M and Bruderer, C 2003, Effects of disturbance by aircraft overflight on

waterbirds – An experimental approach. Report prepared by the Swiss Ornithogical Institute, the Swiss Agency

for the Environment and the Federal Office of Civil Aviation, for the International Bird Strike Committee,

Warsaw.

Local Government Association of the Northern Territory 2010, Waste management guidelines for small

communities in the Northern Territory. Local Government Association of the Northern Territory, effective from

1 January 2010.

http://www.asc-aqua.org/upload/ASC%20Shrimp%20Standard_v1.0.pdf


http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-19/bird-scaring-drone-saving-ord-valley-seed-crops/7852742

https://ntepa.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/290080/appendix3.pdf

Project Sea Dragon





Moerbeek, DJ, van Dobben, WH, Osieck, ER, Boere, GC and Bungenberg de Jong, CM 1987, ‘Cormorant Damage

Prevention at a Fish Farm in the Netherlands,’ Biol. Conserv. 39, 23–38.

National Occupational Health and Safety Commission 2001, National standard for the storage and handling of

dangerous goods [NOHSC: 1015(2001)].

Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority 2013, Guideline for the siting, design and management

of solid waste disposal sites in the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority,

January 2013.

Standards Australia 1986, Automatic fire detection and alarm systems - System design, installation and

commissioning, AS 1670. Available from Australian Standards.

Standards Australia 2010, Laboratory design and construction, AS 2982. Available from Australian Standards.

Standards Australia 2004, The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquid, AS 1940. Available

from Australian Standards.

Tenzer, R, Gladkikh, V 2014, Assessment of Density Variations of Marine Sediments with Ocean and Sediment

Depths. The Scientific World Journal. Volume 2014, Article ID 823296. [ONLINE] Access date: 21 March 2016].

Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/823296/.

TNG 2016, Demerger and IPO proposal for TNG’s non-core base and precious metal assets, NT. ASX

Announcement, TNG Limited, 24 July 2016.

1.4 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

No references

1.5 WATER BALANCE

Boughton, WC 2005, Catchment water balance modelling in Australia 1960- 2004. Agricultural Water

Management, 71, 91-116.

1.6 APPROVALS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

No references

1.7 ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Aquaculture Stewardship Council 2014a, ASC Shrimp standard version 1.0. March 2014. Created by the Shrimp



Aquaculture Stewardship Council 2014b, Shrimp - Species sheets. Aquaculture Stewardship Council. Available

from: http://www.asc-aqua.org/upload/Speciessheets_ENG_shrimp_web.pdf.

Ecologically Sustainable Development Steering Committee 1992, National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable

Development. Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra, Australia. Available from:

http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/national-strategy-ecologically-sustainable-development.

FAO 2016, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for

all. Rome. 200 pp.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/823296/



http://www.asc-aqua.org/upload/Speciessheets_ENG_shrimp_web.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/national-strategy-ecologically-sustainable-development

Project Sea Dragon





United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2015, World Population

Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.241.

1.8 RISK ASSESSMENT

Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee 2009, Risk management - principles and

guidelines. AS/NZS ISO 31000. Available from Australian Standards.

Standards Australia 2009, Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas, AS 3959. Available from Australian

Standards.

Project Sea Dragon





2 VOLUME 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

2.1 GEOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOILS

Ahern, CR, Ahern, MR and Powell, B 1998, Guidelines for sampling and analysis of lowland acid sulfate soils

(ASS) in Queensland 1998. QASSIT, Department of Natural Resources, Resource Sciences Centre, Indooroopilly.

Ahmad, M and Munson, JT 2013a, Chapter 2: Geological framework in Ahmad, M. and Munson, J.T. (compilers)

Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special

Publication 5. Available from: https://minerals.nt.gov.au/geological-survey/publications-and-reports/geology-

and-mineral-resources-of-the-northern-territory.

Ahmad, M and Munson, JT 2013b, Chapter 36: Bonaparte Basin in Ahmad, M and Munson, JT (compilers)

Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special

Publication 5. Available from: https://minerals.nt.gov.au/geological-survey/publications-and-reports/geology-

and-mineral-resources-of-the-northern-territory.

Ali, AMS 2006, Rice to shrimp: Land use/land cover changes and soil degradation in Southwestern Bangladesh.

Land Use Policy, Vol 23 (4), pp 421-435, October 2006.

Aurecon 2016, Grow-out farm earthworks field trial. Aurecon Australasia Pty Ltd, Project No. 1545845, Rev 0,

21 July 2016.

Boonsaner, M and Hawker, DW 2012, 'Remediation of saline soil from shrimp farms by three different plants

including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), 'Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A (2012) 47,

558–564.

Brocklehurst, P, Harwood, B., Hill, J, Edmeades, B and Fisher, A 1998, Reconnaissance Land Resource Survey of

Auvergne Station and sections of Spirit Hills Station, Northern Territory. Internal Report. Natural Systems

Division, D.I.P.E, Palmerston, Northern Territory.

Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics (BMR) Palaeogeographic Group 1992, Australia.

Evolution of a Continent. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Chowdhury, MA, Khairun, Y, Salequzzaman, M, Rahman, MM 2011, Aquaculture International, Vol 19 (6),

pp1193 – 1206, December 2011.

Cowie, ID, Short, PS and Osterkamp Madsen, M 2000, Floodplain Flora. A flora of the coastal floodplains of the

Northern Territory, Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study (Flora) (ABRS), Canberra.

Dear SE, Ahern CR, O’Brien LE, Dobos SK, McElnea AE, Moore N and Watling KM 2014, Soil management

guidelines in Queensland acid sulfate soil technical manual (QASSIT), Department of Science, Information

Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, June 2014.

Department of Land Resource Management 2000, NT acid sulfate soils risk 1:2M spatial mapping. Department

of Land Resource Management.

Department of Land Resource Management 2008, Land systems of the northern part of the NT, 1:250,000

Mapping, Department of Land Resource Management.

Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, Darwin. 2010, Land clearing guidelines.

Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, Darwin. Northern Territory.

https://minerals.nt.gov.au/geological-survey/publications-and-reports/geology-and-mineral-resources-of-the-northern-territory




Project Sea Dragon





Douglas Partners 2016, Report on Geotechnical Investigation, Project Sea Dragon, Legune Station, Northern

Territory. Report no. 78232.00.R.001, March 2016.

Dunster, JN 2013, Chapter 20: Fitzmaurice Basin: in Ahmad M and Munson TJ (compilers) Geology and Mineral

Resources of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special Publication 5.

Dunster, JN, Beier, PR, Burgess, JM and Cutovinos, A 2000, Auvergne, Northern Territory. 2nd edition. 1:250,

000 scale geological map, SD52-15. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Darwin.

Geoscience Australia (2016) Keep River 1 well report summary. Access date: 5 April 2016. Available from

http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs.

Hays, J 1968, Geomorphology. In Veevers, JJ and Roberts, J, Upper Palaeozoic Rocks, Bonaparte Gulf Basin of

Northwestern Australia. Bulletin 97. Department of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources,

Geology and Geophysics, Canberra.

Isbell RF 1996, The Australian Soil Classification. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

Medical Entomology 2009, Constructed Wetlands for Water Sensitive Urban Design in the NT: Guidelines to

Prevent Mosquito Breeding. Medical Entomology, Centre for Disease Control, NT Department of Health and

Families.

Mory, AJ 1991, Geology of the Offshore Bonaparte Basin, Northwestern Australia. Report 29. Geological Survey

of Western Australia, Perth.

Natural Systems 2004, Northern Territory Parks and Conservation Masterplan. Victoria-Bonaparte Bioregion.

Conservation Values and Environmental Resources. Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the

Arts, Darwin.

NT Maps 2016, Department of Land Resource Mapping, Northern Territory government, Darwin. Available

online from: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/nrmapsnt. Accessed 25 June, 2015.

Paterson, SJ 1970, Geomorphology. In Stewart, GA, Perry, RA, Paterson, SJ, Traves, DM, Slatyer, RO, Dunn, PR,

Jones, PJ and Sleeman, JR, Lands of the Ord-Victoria Area, Western Australia and Northern Territory. Land

Research Series No. 28. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia.

Seafarms 2013, Preliminary Soil Investigation, Legune Station. Seafarms (previously Western Australian

Resources Limited).

Stewart, GA, Perry, RA, Paterson, SJ, Traves, DM, Slatyer, RO, Dunn, PR, Jones, P.J. and Sleeman, JR 1970 Lands

of the Ord-Victoria Area, Western Australia and Northern Territory. Land Research Series No. 28.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia.

Tickell, S and Hill, J 2001, Soil Salinity on Legune Station NT. Report NR 2001/47. Natural Resources Division,

Dept. Infrastructure, Planning and Environment, Palmerston, NT.

Towatana, P, Voradej, C and Leeraphante, N 2003, Reclamation of Abandoned Shrimp Pond Soils in Southern

Thailand for Cultivation of Mauritius Grass (Brachiaria Mutica). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Vol

25, pp 365–386, 2003.

Twidale, CR and Campbell, EM 2005, Australian landforms. Rosenberg Publishing, Sydney, NSW.

http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs

http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/nrmapsnt

Project Sea Dragon





Veevers, JJ and Roberts, J 1968, Upper palaeozoic rocks, Bonaparte Gulf Basin of Northwestern Australia.

Bulletin 97. Department of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics,

Canberra.

2.2 MARINE AND ESTUARINE WATER

Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource

Management Council of Australia and New Zealand 2000, Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and

marine water quality, National Water Quality Management Strategy, Australian and New Zealand Environment

and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.

Bureau of Meteorology 2015, Bureau of Meteorology Australian climate variability and change - Timeseries

graphs. Available from: http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-

bin/climate/change/timeseries.cgi?graph=sstandarea=tropandseason=0112.

Bureau of Meteorology 2016, Bureau of Meteorology - Climate: Maps of average conditions. Available from:

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/maps.shtml.

Burford, MA, Webster, IT, Revill, AT, Kenyon, RA, Whittle, M and Curwen, G 2012, Controls on phytoplankton

previously in a wet-dry tropical estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 113, 114-151.

Burford, MA, Costanzo, SD, Dennison, WC, Jackson, CJ, Jones, AB, McKinnon, AD, Preston, NP and Trott, LA

2003, 'A synthesis of dominant ecological processes in intensive shrimp ponds and adjacent coastal

environments in NE Australia', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 1456-1469.

Coleman, J and Wright, L 1978, 'Sedimentation in an arid macrotidal alluvial river system: Ord River, Western

Australia', The Journal of Geology, Vol. 86, No. 5, pp 621-642.

Dostine, PL 2013, Phytoplankton communities of East Arm in Darwin Harbour, Department of Land Resource

Management. Report number 03/2013D, Palmerston, Northern Territory.

Environmental Protection Authority Victoria 2010, Guidance for the determination and assessment of mixing

zones. Publication 1344 June 2010. http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1344.pdfto

Jackson, CJ, Preston, NP, Burford, MA and Thompson, P 2003, Managing the development of sustainable

shrimp farming in Australia: the role of sedimentation ponds in treatment of farm discharge water.

Aquaculture, 226, 23-34.

OzCoasts 2016, Chlorophyll a concentrations [Online]. Available from:

http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/chlorophyll_a.jsp.

Preston, N, Jackson, C., Thompson, P, Austin, M. and Burford, M 2000, Prawn farm effluent: Composition, origin

and treatment, Final Report, Project No.95/162, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Australia.

Semeniuk, V 1982, 'Geomorphology and Holocene history of the tidal flats, King Sound, north-western

Australia', Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 65:47-68.

Simpson, SL, Batley, GB and Chariton, AA 2013, Revision of the ANZECC/ARMCANZ sediment quality guidelines.

CSIRO Land and Water Science Report 08/07. CSIRO Land and Water.

Simpson, SL, Batley, GE, Chariton, AA, Stauber, JL, King, CK, Chapman, JC, Hyne, RV, Gale, SA, Roach, AC and

Maher, WA 2005, Handbook for sediment quality assessment, CSIRO, Lucas Heights, NSW.

http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/change/timeseries.cgi?graph=sst&area=trop&season=0112


http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/maps.shtml

http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1344.pdfto

http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/chlorophyll_a.jsp

Project Sea Dragon





Thom, BG Wright, LD and Coleman, JM 1975, 'Mangrove ecology and deltaic-estuarine geomorphology:

Cambridge Gulf-Ord River, Western Australia', Journal of Ecology, Vol. 63. No. 1 pp203-232

Wolanski, E., Mazda, Y. and Ridd, P 1992, Mangrove hydrodynamics. In: Robertson, A. I. and Alongi, D. M.,

(Eds), Tropical mangrove ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington., pp 43-100.

Wetland Research and Management 2014, ORIA Stage II – Keep River Baseline Aquatic Fauna and Targeted

Sawfish Survey September/October 2013. Unpublished report to LandCorp prepared by Wetland Research and

Management. Final report v3, 8 May 2014.

Ziemann, DA, Walsh, WA, Saphire, EG and Fulton-Bennett, L 1992, 'A survey of water quality characteristics of

effluent from Hawaiian aquaculture facilities', Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23, 180-190.

2.3 FRESHWATER


Management Council of Australia and New Zealand 2000, Australian guidelines for water quality monitoring

and reporting. National Water Quality Management Strategy Paper No. 7, ANZECC and ARMCANZ, Canberra.

Bennett, D and George, R 2014. Goomig farmlands development baseline water quality in the lower Keep River,

Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia.

Bennett, D and George, R J 2011. Surface water characteristics of the Weaber Plain and lower Keep River

Catchments: data review and preliminary result, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia.

Department of Health 2014, Guidelines for wastewater works design approval of recycled water systems. 1

November 2013, Department of Health.

frc Environmental 2016, Project Sea Dragon Stage 1 Grow-Out Facility Environmental Impact Assesment -

Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality. Prepared for CO2 Australia Limited.

Freeland, WJ 2004, Description of the natural environment and assessment of the likelihood of significant

impacts from construction and operation of a dam on Forsyth Creek. Unpublished report submitted to the

Commonwealth government in relation to an EPBC referral.

Gundlach, ER and Hayes, MO1978, 'Vulnerability of coastal environments to oil spill impacts', Marine

Technology Society Journal, 12, 18-27.

Jackson, JBC, Cubit, JD, Keller, DB, Batista, V, Burns, K, Caffey, HM, Caldwell, RL, Garrity, SD, Getter, CD,

Gonzalez, C, Guzman, HM, Kaufmann, KW, Knap, AH, Levings, SC, Marshall, MJ, Steger, R, Thompson, RC and

Weil, E 1989, 'Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities', Science, 243,

37-44.

Kirby, SLand Faulks, JJ 2004, Victoria River catchment: An assessment of the physical and ecological condition of

the Victoria River and its major tributaries, Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Environment.

Standards Australia 2004, Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids, AS 1940. Available

from Australian Standards.

Water Technology 2016, Project Sea Dragon Floodplain Surface Water Assessment. A report produced for CO2

Australia.

Project Sea Dragon





Wetland Research and Management 2010, Lower Keep River Interim Water Quality Trigger Values, Report by

Wetland Research and Management to Benchmark Projects Australasia, Western Australia.




2.4 GROUNDWATER


Management Council of Australia and New Zealand 2000, Australian Guidelines for Water Quality Monitoring

and Reporting. National Water Quality Management Strategy Paper No. 7, ANZECC and ARMCANZ, Canberra.

Department of Land Resource Management 2016, NR Maps. NT Department of Land Resource Management

Online mapping. Available at: http://nrmaps.nt.gov.au/;jsessionid=1j2f5nyx1pg0b9er7qaf2aw4u. Accessed

23/03/2016.

Douglas Partners 2016, Report on Geotechnical Investigation, Project Sea Dragon. Prepared for: Seafarms

Group.



Freeland, WJ 2004, Description of the natural environment and assessment of the likelihood of significant



Humphreys, G, Tickell, S, Yin Foo, D and Jolly, P 1995, Subsurface hydrology of the Keep River Plains. Technical

Report 25/95D. Water Resources Division, Power and Water Authority, Darwin.

National Health and Medical Research Council and National Resource Management Ministerial Council 2016,

Australian drinking water guidelines paper 6: National water quality management strategy. Version 3.2,

updated February 2016. National Health and Medical Research Council, National Resource Management

Ministerial Council, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

Tickell, S and Rajaratnam, LR 2001, Water resources survey of the Western Victoria River District. Legune

Station. Report 31/1995D. Conservation and Natural Resources Group, Dept. Infrastructure, Planning and

Environment, Palmerston, N.T.

Tickell, S and Rajaratnam, LR 2003, Water resources development map of Legune Station and NT portion 3046.

Conservation and Natural Resources Group, Northern Territory Department of Infrastructure, Planning and

Environment.

Tickell, S and Hill, J 2001, Soil salinity on Legune Station N.T. Northern Territory Department of Infrastructure

and Environment, Natural Resources Division. Report NR 2001/47, November 2001.

Tickell, SJ and Rajaratnam, LR 1995 Water resources survey of the Western Victoria River District, Legune

Station. Power and Water Authority, Water Resources Division. Report 31/1995D, June 1995.

2.5 TERRESTRIAL FLORA

Australian Weeds Committee 2012, Weeds of national significance 2012. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries

and Forestry, Canberra, ACT.

http://nrmaps.nt.gov.au/;jsessionid=1j2f5nyx1pg0b9er7qaf2aw4u

Project Sea Dragon





Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria 2016, Australia’s virtual herbarium, Council of Heads of Australasian

Herbaria. Available from: http://avh.chah.org.au/.

Brocklehurst, P, D Lewis, D Napier and D Lynch. 2007, Northern Territory guidelines and field methodology for

vegetation survey and mapping. Technical Report No. 02/2007D, NT Government, Darwin.

Brocklehurst, P, Harwood, B, Hill, J, Edmeades, B and Fischer, A 1998, Reconnaissance land resource survey of

Auvergne Station and sections of Spirit Hills Station, Northern Territory.

Cowie, ID and Stuckey, BM 2008, Threatened plants on the Bradshaw Field training area. Final Report on 2007

Survey. Report to Dept. Defence from Northern Territory Government, Dept. Natural Resources, Environment

and the Arts, Darwin, NT.

Crowley, GM and Ziembicki, M 2008 Craven’s native hibiscus. In Crowley, G.M. (ed.), Management guidelines

for the threatened species of the Northern Territory, Version 1.0. Tropical Savannahs CRC, Darwin. Available

from: www.infonet.org.au. Accessed on 4 June, 2015.

Crowley, GM and Ziembicki, M 2008a, Platysace. In Crowley, G.M. (ed.), Management guidelines for the

threatened species of the Northern Territory, Version 1.0. Tropical Savannahs CRC, Darwin. Available online at

www.infonet.org.au. Accessed on 4 June, 2015.

Crowley, GM and Ziembicki, M 2008b, Ground Orchid. In Crowley, G.M. (ed.), Management guidelines for the

threatened species of the Northern Territory, Version 1.0. Tropical Savannahs CRC, Darwin. Available online at

www.infonet.org.au. Accessed on 4 June, 2015.

Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sports, 2010, Land Clearing Guidelines.

Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sports, Darwin, Northern Territory.

Department of Land Resource Mapping 2016, NT maps, Northern Territory government, Darwin. Available

online from: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/nrmapsnt . Accessed 25 June, 2015.

Department of Natural Resources (Queensland) 1997, Salinity management handbook, State of Queensland

Department of Natural Resources, Brisbane.

Dockrill, AW 1992, Australian indigenous orchids, revised edition. Sydney, SGAP, NSW Region.

Dowe, JL 2010, Australian Palms: Biogeography, Ecology and Systematics. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood,

Victoria, Australia.



Eamus D, Froend R, Loomes R, Hose G and Murray B 2006, A functional methodology for determining the

groundwater regime needed to maintain health of groundwater dependent vegetation, Australian Journal of

Botany 54(2):97–114.

Executive Steering Committee for Australian Vegetation Information (ESCAVI) 2003, Australian vegetation

attribute manual: National vegetation information system, Version 6.0. Department of Environment and

Heritage, Canberra.

Finlayson, CM and von Oertzen, I 1996, The Kakadu region. In: Finlayson, C.M. and von Oertzen, I. (eds),

Landscapes and vegetation ecology of the Kakadu region, Northern Australia. pp. 1–15. Kluwer Academic

Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

http://avh.chah.org.au/

http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/nrmapsnt

Project Sea Dragon





Finlayson, C.M, 2005 Plant ecology of Australia’s tropical floodplain wetlands: A review, Annals of Botany, 96:

541-555. Available from: www.aob.oupjournals.org.

Finlayson, CM, Bailey, BJ and Cowie, ID 1989, Macrophytic Vegetation of the Magela flood plain, Northern

Australia. Office of the Supervising Scientist Research Report No. 5. Available from:

http://www.environment.gov.au/science/supervising-scientist/publications/research-reports/ macrophyte-

vegetation-magela-creek-flood-plain.

Freeland, WJ 2004 Description of the natural environment and assessment of the likelihood of significant



Humphreys, G, Tickell, S, Yin Foo, D and Jolly, P 1995 Subsurface hydrology of the Keep River Plains. Technical

Report 25/95D. Water Resources Division, Power and Water Authority, Darwin.

Jones, JM, Bardbarriya, D†, Raymond, E, Roberts, D, McDonald, D†, McDonald, M, Simard, C, Moerkerken, C

and Wightman, G 2011, Jaminjung, Ngaliwurru and Nungali Plants and Animals. 'Aboriginal knowledge of flora

and fauna from the Bradshaw and Judbarra/Gregory National Park area, north Australia', Northern Territory

Botanical Bulletin No. 38. Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, N.T. and

Diwurruwurru-Jaru Aboriginal Corporation/Mimi Aboriginal Art and Craft, Darwin.

Kerrigan, R and Cowie, I 2006, Threatened species of the Northern Territory. Hibiscus cravenii. Fact sheet

published by Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts, Northern Territory. Available online

at https://nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/208451/hibiscus-cravenii.pdf. Accessed on 19 June 2015.

Kerrigan, R and Cowie, I 2006a, Threatened species of the Northern Territory. Platysace saxatilis. Fact sheet

published by Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts, Northern Territory. Available from:

https://nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/208481/platysace-saxatilis.pdf. Accessed on 19 June 201

Kerrigan, R and Cowie, I 2006b, Threatened species of the Northern Territory. Zeuxine oblonga. Fact sheet

published by Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts, Northern Territory. Available from:

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Northern Territory. Emu. 94:46--52.

Ujvari, B and Madsen, T 2009, Increased mortality of naive varanid lizards after the invasion of non-native cane

toads (bufo marinus). Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 4 (2), 248-251.

Van Dam R, Walden D and Begg G 2002, A preliminary risk assessment of cane toads in Kakadu National Park,

Supervising Scientist Report 164. Darwin: Supervising Scientist.

Van Dyck, S and Strahan, R 2008, The mammals of Australia. 3rd Edition. Australian Museum and Reed new

Hollansd, Sydney, Australia.

Ward, S 2012, Threatened species of the Northern Territory: Mitchell’s water monitor (Varanus mitchellii).

Department of Land Resource Management, Northern Territory Government.

Ward, S and Harrison, L 2009, Recognising sites of conservation significance for biodiversity values in the

Northern Territory. Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport, Darwin, NT.

Ward, S, Woinarski, J, Griffiths, T, McKay, L 2006, Threatened species of the Northern Territory: Mertens water

monitor (varanus mertensii). Parks and Wildlife Commission, Northern Territory.

Water Technology 2016a, Project Sea Dragon Floodplain Surface Water Assessment. A report produced for CO2

Australia.

Water Technology 2016b, Project Sea Dragon Environment Impact Assessment Coastal Environment and Water

Quality. A report produced for CO2 Australia.

Wetlands International 2012, Waterbird population estimates – fifth edition. Summary Report. Wetlands

International, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Widijburru, B†, Harrington, D†, Balwanjer, R †, Roberts, E †, Waterloo, P, Roberts, L, Harrington, RN, Roberts, J,

Nemit, N, Moerkerken, C and Wightman, G 2010, Ngarinyman Plants and Animals. 'Aboriginal knowledge of

flora and fauna from the Judbarra/Gregory National Park area, northern Australia', Northern Territory Botanical

Bulletin No. 34. Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, N.T. and Diwurruwurru-

Jaru Aboriginal Corporation, Darwin.

Wilson, S and Swan, G 2013, A complete guide to reptiles of Australia. 4th Edition. New Holland Publishers,

Sydney.

Project Sea Dragon





Woinarski, J, Pavey, C, Kerrigan, R, Cowie, I and Ward, S 2007, Lost from our landscape. Threatened species of

the Northern Territory. Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts, Northern Territory

Government, Darwin.

Yasue, M 2006, 'Environmental factors and spatial scale influence shorebirds' responses to human disturbance',

Biological Conservation 128(1): 47-54.

Yasue, M, Quinn, J L. and Cresswell, W 2003, 'Multiple effects of weather on the starvation and predation risk

trade-off in choice of feeding location in Redshanks', Functional Ecology 17(6): 727-736.

2.7 MARINE AND ESTUARINE ECOLOGY

Abal, EG and Dennison, WC 1996, Seagrass depth range and water quality in southern Moreton Bay,

Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research, 47, 763-771.


Management Council of Australia and New Zealand 2000, Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and

Marine Water Quality, National Water Quality Management Strategy, Australian and New Zealand

Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and

New Zealand.

Baust, S 2012, The significance of the Victoria River as habitat for the critically endangered Freshwater Sawfish

(Pristis microdon). School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford.

Bearzi, M Rapoport, S, Chau, J and Saylan, C 2009, Skin lesions and physical deformaties of coastal and offshore

common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates) in Santa Monica Bay and adajacent areas, California. Ambio

38: 66-71.

Benson, S R, Dutton, PH, Hitipeuw, C, Samer, B, Bakarbessy, J and Parker, D 2007, 'Post-nesting migrations of

leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Jamursba-Medi, Bird's Head Peninsula, Indonesia', Chelonian

Conservation and Biology, 6, 150-154 [Online]. Chelonian Research Foundation.

Boys, C, Baumgartner, L., Rampano, B, Robinson, W, Alexander, T, Reilly, G, Roswell, M, Fowler, T and Lowry, M

2012, Development of fish screening criteria for water diversions in the Murray-Darling Basin. NSW Department

of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW.

Brodie, J, Ariel, E, Thomas, C, O’Brien, D and Berry, K 2014, Links between water quality and marine turtle

health. TropWATER Report 14/05, James Cook University.

Brooks, L and Pollock, K 2015, The Darwin dolphin monitoring program: Abundance, apparent survival,

movements and habitat use of Humpback, Bottlenose and Snubfin dolphins in the Darwin area. Report to

INPEX, document number L384-AH-REP-10012_0.

Burford, MA, Costanzo, SD, Dennison, W C, Jackson, C J, Jones, AB, McKinnon, AD, Preston, NP and Trott, LA

2003, 'A synthesis of dominant ecological processes in intensive shrimp ponds and adjacent coastal

environments in NE Australia', Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 1456-1469.

Cardno 2015, Interitidal benthos monitoring end of dredging report, Ichthys nearshore environmental

monitoring program. Report prepared for INPEX.

Chatto, R and Baker, B 2008, The distribution and status of marine turtle nesting in the Northern Territory-

Technical Report 77/2008. Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts

Project Sea Dragon





and Sport. Northern Territory Government. Available from

https://landresources.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/255079/marine_turtle_nesting.pdf.

Chatto, R and Warneke, RM 2000, Records of cetacean strandings in the Northern Territory of Australia. The

Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 163-175.

Kennett, R, Webb, A, Duff, G, Guinea, M and Hill, G, eds. Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Northern

Territory University, 3-4 June 1997, 1998 Northern Territory University, Darwin. Centres for Indigineous Natural

Culture Resource Management/Tropical Wetland Management.

Clarke, KR and Warwick, RM 2001, Change in Marine Communities: an Approach to Statistical Analysis and

Interpretation, PRIMER-E, Plymouth.

Commonwealth of Australia 2015, Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan, Commonwealth of

Australia.

Conway, S 1994, Diets and feeding biology of adult olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and loggerhead (Caretta

caretta) sea turtles in Fog Bay, Northern Territory. Hons., Northern Territory Unviversity.

Currie, DR and Small, KJ 2005, Macrobenthic community responses to long-term environmental change in a

east Australian sub-tropical estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 63, 315-331.

Dennison, WC 1987, Effects of light on seagrass photosynthesis, growth and depth distribution. Aquatic Botany,

27, 15-26.

Dennison, WC and Alberte, RS 1985, Role of daily light period in the depth distribution of Zostera marina

(Eelgrass). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 25, 516-161.

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation 2011, Data collection protocol for

mapping and monitoring mangrove communities in Queensland.

Department of the Environment and Resource Management 2009, Turtle Friendly Guide: Bright lights and

marine turtles don't go together.

Department of Land Resource Management 2015, Threatened Species List [Online]. Northern Territory

Government Department of Land Resource Management. Access date: 29 September 2015. Available from:

https://landresources.nt.gov.au/

Department of the Environment 2015, EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool [Online]. Access date: 16

September 2015. Available: http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/pmst/index.html.

Department of the Environment 2016a, Pristis clavata in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].

Department of the Environment, Canberra. Access date: 30 May 16. Available from:

http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.

Department of the Environment 2016b, Pristis pristis in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].



Department of the Environment 2016c, Lepidochelys olivacea in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].



https://landresources.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/255079/marine_turtle_nesting.pdf

https://landresources.nt.gov.au/

http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/pmst/index.html




Project Sea Dragon





Department of the Environment 2016d, Chelonia mydas in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].



Department of the Environment 2016e, Eretmochelys imbricata in Species Profile and Threats Database

[Online]. Department of the Environment, Canberra. Access date: 30 May 16. Available from:


Department of the Environment 2016f, Megaptera novaeangliae in Species Profile and Threats Database

[Online]. Department of the Environment, Canberra. Access date: 30 May 16. Available from:


Department of the Environment 2016g, Orcaella heinsohni in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].



Department of the Environment 2016h, Balaenoptera edeni in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].



Department of the Environment 2016i, Orcinus orca in Species Profile and Threats Database [Online].



Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and Communities 2012a, Species group report

card – cetaceans. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and Communities.

Duke, N 2006, Australia's Mangroves -The authoritative guide to Australia's mangrove plants, University of

Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Environment Australia 2003, Recovery plan for marine turtles in Australia. Prepared by the Marine Species

Section, Approvals and Wildlife Division, Environment Australia in consultation with the Marine Turtle Recovery

Team, Canberra.

Field, IC, Tillett, BJ, Charters, R, Johnson, GJ, Buckworth, RC, Meekan, MG and Bradshaw, CJA 2013,

Distribution, relative abundance and risks from fisheries to threatened Glyphis sharks and sawfishes in northern

Australia. Endangered Species Research, 21, 171-180.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Protection Authority 2011, Leatherback turtle [Online]. Available:

http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/marine-turtles/leatherback.

Hale, P, Long, S and Tapsall, A 1998. Distribution and conservation of delphinids in Moreton Bay. In: TIBBETS, I.

R., HALL, N. J. and DENNISON, W. D. (eds.) Moreton Bay and catchment. School of Marine Science, The

University of Queensland, Brisbane.

Hamann, M, Grech, A, Wolanski, E and Lambrechts, J 2011, 'Modelling the fate of marine turtle hatchlings',

Ecological Modelling, 222, 1515-1521.

Jackson, CJ, Preston, NP, Burford, MA and Thompson, P 2003, 'Managing the development of sustainable

shrimp farming in Australia: the role of sedimentation ponds in treatment of farm discharge water',

Aquaculture, 226, 23-34.







http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/marine-turtles/leatherback

Project Sea Dragon





Jefferson, TA and Rosenbaum, HC 2014, Taxonomic revision of the humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.) and

description of a new species from Australia. Marine Mammal Science, 30, 1494-1541.

Kamrowski, RL, Limpus, CJ, Pendoley, K and Hamann, M 2013,' Influence of industrial light pollution on the sea-

finding behaviour of flatback turtle hatchlings', Wildlife Research 41, 421-434.

Kathiresan, K. and Bingham, B. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine

Biology, 40, 81-251.

Kyne, PM and Pillans, RD 2014, Protocols for Surveying and Tagging Sawfishes and River Sharks. National

Environmental Research Program Marine Biodiversity Hub, Hobart.

Lanyon, JM and Morris, MG 1997, The Distribution and Abundance of Dugongs in Moreton Bay, South-east

Queensland, Queensland Department of Environment, Brisbane.

Larson, H, Woinarski, J and Stirrat, S 2012, Threatened species of the Northern Territory: Dwarf sawfish Pristis

clavata. Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport, Darwin,

Northern Territory.

Limpus, CJ and Roper, PA 1977, 'On the Victorian coast - a pacific ridley sea-turtle Lepidochelys olivacea

(Eschscholtz)', Victorian Naturalist, 94, 54-56.

Limpus, CJ, Parmenter, CJ, Baker, V and Fleay, A 1983, 'The Crab Island sea turtle rookery in north eastern Gulf

of Carpentaria', Australian Wildlife Research, 10, 173-184.

Limpus, CJ, Gyuris, E and Miller, JD 1988, Reassessment of the taxonomic status of the sea turtle genus Natator

McCulloch, 1908, with a redescription of the genus and species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South

Australia, 112, 1-9.

Lutcavage, ME, Plotkin, P, Witherignton, B and Lutcavage, ME 1997, Human Impacts on Sea Turtle Survival.

Lutz, PL and Musick, JA 1996, The Biology of Sea Turtles, CRC Press, United States of America.

Mackarous, K and Groom, R 2015, Northern Territory Dugong Aerial Survey, 2015 Ranger Group Summary

Report, Department of Land Resource and Management. Northern Territory Government.

Marsh, H and Lefebvre, L W 1994, 'Sirenian Status and Conservation Efforts', Aquatic Mammals, 20, 767-788.

Nagelkerken, I, Blaber, S, Bouillon, S, Green, P., Haywood, M, Kirton, L, Meynecke, JO, Pawlik, J, Penrose, H and

Sasekumar, A 2008, 'The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review', Aquatic

Botany, 89, 155-185.

Northern Territory Government 2014, Fishery Status Reports 2012. Northern Territory Government

Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries. Fishery Report No. 113.

OzCoasts. 2015, Sediment denitrification efficiency [Online]. Available:

http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/sediment_denit_efficiency.jsp.

Palmer, C 2015, Conservation status of coastal dolphins in the Northern Territory: Chopper survey report,

October 2015.

Palmer, C, Parra, GJ, Rogers, T and Woinarski, J 2014, 'Collation and review of sightings and distribution of

three coastal dolphin species in waters of the Northern Territory, Australia', Pacific Conservation Biology, 20,

116-125.

http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/sediment_denit_efficiency.jsp

Project Sea Dragon





Palmer, C and Peterson A (2014). First report of a lacaziosis-like disease (LLD) observed in the Australian snubfin

dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. Northern Territory Naturalist

25:3–6.

Parra, GJ 2006, 'Resource partitioning in sympatric delphinids: Space use and habitat preferences of Australian

snubfin and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins', Journal of Animal Ecology, 75, 862-874.

Peverall, SC, McPherson, GR, Garret, RN and Gribble, NA 2006, 'New records of the river shake Glyphis

(Carcharhinidae) reported from Cape York Peninsula, northern Australia', Zootaxa, 1233, 53-68.

Peverell, SC 2005,' Distribution of sawfishes (Pristidae) in the Queensland Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, with

notes on sawfish ecology', Environmental Biology of Fishes, 73, 391-402.

Peverell, SC 2008, Sawfish (Pristidae) of the Gulf of Carpenteria, Queensland, Australia. M.Sc Thesis M.Sc.,

James Cook University.

Pillans, R D, Stevens, JD, Kyne, P and Salini, J. 2009, Observations on the distribution, biology, short-term

movements and habitat requirements of river sharks Glyphis spp. in northern Australia. Endangered Species

Research, 10, 321-332.

Preen, A 1995 'Diet of Dugongs: are they omnivores?', Journal of Mammalogy, 76, 163-171.

Preen, AR 1992, Interactions between dugongs and seagrasses in a subtropical environment. (unpublished)

Ph.D. Thesis, James Cook University of North Queensland.

Salmon, M, Hamann, M and Wyneken, J 2010, 'The development of early diving behavior by juvenile flatback

sea turtles (Natator depressus)'. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 9, 8-17.

Santos, R et al. 2010, Relationship between fibropapillomatosis and environmental quality: a case study with

Chelonia mydas off Brazil. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 89: 87-95.

Stevens, JD, McAuley, RB, Simpfendorfer, CA and Pillans, RD 2008, Spatial distribution and habitat utilisation of

sawfish (Pristis spp) in relation to fishing in northern Australia, a report to the Department of the Environment,

Water, Heritage and the Arts, CSIRO, Canberra.

Stirrat, S, Larson, H and Woinarski, J 2006, Threatened species of the Northern Territory: Green sawfish Pristis

zijsron. Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport, Darwin,

Northern Territory.

Taylor, R, Chatto, R, Woinarski, J, Whiting, SD and Ward, S 2012, Threatened Species of the Northern Territory -

Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata. Northern Territory Government.

Thorburn, DC, Morgan, DL, Rowland, AJ and Gill, HS 2007, 'Freshwater sawfish Pristis microdon Latham, 1794

(Chondrichthyes: Pristidae) in the Kimberley region of Western Australia', Zootaxa, 1471, 27-41.

Van Houtan, K., Hargrove, S.K. Balaz, G.H. (2010) Land use, macroalgae and a tumor-forming disease in marine

turtles. PLoS ONE. 5, e12900.

Webb, G, Manolis, SC and Sack, GC 1983, 'Crocodylus johnstoni and C. porosus coexisting in a tidal river',

Wildlife Research, 10, 639-650.

Whiting, SD 2002, 'Rocky reefs provide foraging habitat for Dugongs in the Darwin Region of Northern

Australia', Australian Mammalogy, 24, 147-150.

Project Sea Dragon





Whiting, SD, Long, J, Hadden, K. and Lauder, A 2005. Identifying the links between nesting and foraging grounds

for the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles in northern Australia, Report to the Department of the

Environment and Water Resources.

Woodside 2004, Blacktip Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement.

Wetland Research and Management 2014. ORIA Stage II – Keep River Baseline Aquatic Fauna and Targeted



Zharikov, Y and Skilleter, GA 2003, 'Depletion of benthic invertebrates by bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica

in a subtropical estuary', Marine Ecology Progress Series, 254, 151-162.

Ziemann, DA, Walsh, WA, Saphire, EG and Fulton-Bennett, L 1992, 'A survey of water quality characteristics of

effluent from Hawaiian aquaculture facilities', Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23, 180-190.

2.8 FRESHWATER ECOLOGY

Allen, GR, Larson, HK and Midgley, SH 1994, A new species of Scortum Whitley (Pisces: Terapontidae) from the

Northern Territory, Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory,

10, 71-74.

Cann, J 1998, Australian Freshwater Turtles, Beaumont Publishing Pty Ltd, Singapore.

Corbett, L, Batterham, R and Sewell, S 1999, Bradshaw field training area. Additional studies: Angalarri grunter,

Report prepared for Department of Defence (ERA Environmental Services Pty Ltd, Darwin).

Delaney, R, Fukuda, Y, Neave, H and Saalfeld, W 2010, Management program for the freshwater crocodile

(Crocodylus johnstoni) in the Northern Territory of Australia, 2010-2015, Department of Natural Resources,

Environment, the Arts and Sport.

Department of Health 2014, Guidelines for wastewater works design approval of recycled water systems. 1

November 2013, Department of Health.

Doody, J S, West, P and Georges, A 2003, 'Beach selection in nesting pig-nosed turtles, Carettochelys insculpta',

Journal of Herpetology, 37, 178-182.

Gaikhorst, GS, Clarke, BR, McPharlin, M, Larkin, B, McLaughlin, J and Mayes, J 2011, 'The captive husbandry and

reproduction of the pink-eared turtle (Emydura victoriae) at Perth Zoo', Zoo Biology, 31, 79-94.

Greer, AE 2006, Encyclopedia of Australian Reptiles : Crocodylidae [Online]. Australian Museum. Available:

http://australianmuseum.net.au/freshwater-crocodile - sthash.6TdqjzeE.dpuf [Accessed 12/06/16].

Gundlach, ER and Hayes, MO 1978, ' Vulnerability of coastal environments to oil spill impacts', Marine

Technology Society Journal, 12, 18-27.

Jackson, JBC, Cubit, JD, Keller, DB, Batista, V, Burns, K, Caffey, HM, Caldwell, RL, Garrity, SD, Getter, CD,

Gonzalez, C, Guzman, HM, Kaufmann, KW, Knap, AH, Levings, SC, Marshall, MJ, Steger, R, Thompson, RC and

Weil, E 1989, 'Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities', Science, 243,

37-44.

Living Australia 2016, Atlas of Living Australia [Online]. Available from: http://www.ala.org.au. Accessed on 30

August 2016.

http://australianmuseum.net.au/freshwater-crocodile#sthash.6TdqjzeE.dpuf

http://www.ala.org.au/

Project Sea Dragon





Laist, D W 1997, Impacts of marine debris: entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a

comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. Marine Debris, 99-139.

Larson, H 1999, Keep River Aquatic Fauna Survey. Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory.

Pusey, BJ 2011, Aquatic biodiversity in northern Australia: patterns, threats and future, Charles Darwin

University Press, Darwin.

Russell, DJ and Hales, PW, 1993. Stream Habitat and Fisheries Resources of the Johnstone River Catchment.

Northern Fisheries Research Centre: Queensland Department of Primary Industries.

Simpson, SL, Batley, GB and Chariton, AA 2013, Revision of the ANZECC/ARMCANZ sediment quality guidelines.

CSIRO land and water science report 08/07. CSIRO Land and Water.

Simpson, SL, Batley, GE, Chariton, AA, Stauber, JL, King, CK, Chapman, JC, Hyne, RV, Gale, SA, Roach, AC. and

Maher, WA 2005, Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment, CSIRO, Lucas Heights, NSW.

Tickel, SJ and Rajaratnam, LR 1995, Legune Station: Water resources survey of the western Victoria River

district, Power and Water Authority, Water Resources division.

Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2015, Pig-nosed Turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), Advice to the

Minister for the Environment and Heritage from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC) on

Amendments to the list of Threatened Species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity

Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) 13 July 2005.

Water Technology 2016a, Project Sea Dragon environmental impact assessment coastal environment and water

quality. September 2016, CO2 Australia.

Water Technology 2016b, Project Sea Dragon Stage 1 Legune Grow-out facility: Floodplain surface water

assessment, CO2 Australia.

Woinarski, J 2006, Threatened species of the Northern Territory, Angalarri grunter Scortum neili. Darwin,

Northern Territory: Parks and Wildlife Commission, Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the

Arts, Northern Territory Government.




2.9 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Donovan 2003, Environmental Code of Practice for Australian Prawn Farmers. Australian Prawn Farmers

Association.

Donovan, DJ 2001, Environmental Code of Practice for Australian Prawn Farmers. September 2001.

Local Government Association of the Northern Territory 2010, Waste management guidelines for small

communities in the Northern Territory. Effective from Local Government Association of the Northern Territory,

1 January 2010.

Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority 2013, Guidelines for the siting, design and management

of solid waste disposal sites In the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority,

January 2013.

Project Sea Dragon





Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority 2015, Waste management strategy for the Northern

Territory 2015 - 2022. Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority, July 2015.

2.10 AIR QUALITY

Environmental Protection Authority Victoria (2013) Recommended Separation Distances for Industrial Residual

Air Emissions. EPA Victoria, Publication Number 1518, March 2013.

GHD 2016, Legune Grow-Out Facility air quality assessment. Report produced by GHD Pty Ltd for CO2

Australia.

New South Wales Department of Environment and Conservation 2005, The approved methods for the

modelling and assessment of air pollutants in New South Wales.

Western Regional Air Partnership 2006, Western Regional Air Partnership fugitive dust handbook. Prepared for:

Countess Environmental for the Western Governers' Association.

2.11 CLIMATE AND LOCAL METEOROLOGY

Bureau of Meteorology 2008, Climate influences - The Australian monsoon. Available from:

http://www.bom.gov.au/watl/about-weather-and-climate/australian-climate-

influences.shtml?bookmark=monsoon#info.

Bureau of Meteorology 2015, Australian climate variability and change- Timeseries graphs. Available from:

Australian Bureau of Meteorology: http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-


Geoscience Australia 2011, Seabed habitats and hazards of the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and Timor Sea, Northern

Australia. Canberra: GeoScience Australia.

Systems Engineering Australia 2016, Legune Station storm tide. Brisbane: Systems Engineering Australia Pty Ltd.

2.12 CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENT

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of

Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

[Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. Geneva: IPCC.

Bureau of Meteorology 2015, Australian climate variability and change- Timeseries graphs. Available from:

Australian Bureau of Meteorology: http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-


Department of the Environment 2014, Australian greenhouse emissions information system, National

greenhouse gas inventory - Kyoto Protocol classifications. Available from: http://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/.

Department of the Environment 2015, National greenhouse accounts factors August 2015. Available from:

https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-

greenhouse-accounts-factors-aug-2015

Harper, Bruce A Guidelines for responding to the effects of climate change in coastal and ocean engineering /

Engineers Australia National Committee on Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Available from:

https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Learned%20Groups/National%20Committees

%20and%20Panels/Coastal%20and%20Ocean%20Engineering/vol_1_web.pdf.

http://www.bom.gov.au/watl/about-weather-and-climate/australian-climate-influences.shtml?bookmark=monsoon#info

http://www.bom.gov.au/watl/about-weather-and-climate/australian-climate-influences.shtml?bookmark=monsoon#info





http://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/

https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-aug-2015

https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-aug-2015

https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Learned%20Groups/National%20Committees%20and%20Panels/Coastal%20and%20Ocean%20Engineering/vol_1_web.pdf

https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Learned%20Groups/National%20Committees%20and%20Panels/Coastal%20and%20Ocean%20Engineering/vol_1_web.pdf

Project Sea Dragon





Systems Engineering Australia 2016, Legune Station storm tide. Brisbane: Systems Engineering Australia Pty Ltd.

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2015, Climate change in Australia.

Projections: Cluster report - Monsoonal North. Canberra: CSIRO.

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2012, Marine climate change in Australia -

Impacts and adaption responses: 2012 Report card. Hobart, Tasmania: CSIRO ACECRC.

Water Technology 2016, Project Sea Dragon - Legune, oceanographic data collection 2015-2016. Melbourne:

Water Technology.

2.13 NOISE AND VIBRATION

Acoustic Community Noise 2010, Guide to noise and vibration control on construction, demolition and

maintenance sites, Australian Standards AS 2436.

Environment Protection Authority 2000, Industrial noise policy.

GHD 2016, Legune Grow-Out Facility Noise Assessment. Report produced by GHD Pty Ltd for CO2 Australia.

Manning, C. Acoustic Technology Limited 1981, The propagation of noise from petroleum and petrochemical

complexes to neighbouring communities. Report Number 4/81 Prepared for CONCAWE's Special Task Force on

Noise Propagation.

Project Sea Dragon





3 VOLUME 3 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESMENT

3.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC

ACIL Allen 2016, Project Sea Dragon socio-economic assesment stage 1 - Legune Grow-out Facility. Report to

Seafarms Group Limited. Acil Allen Consulting Pty Ltd, Sydney.

Aquaculture Stewardship Council 2014, ASC Shrimp standard version 1.0. March 2014. Created by the Shrimp



Australian Bureau of Statistics, undated 2011 census community profile Kununurra, SSC50417. ABS, Canberra.

Available from:

http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/SSC50417?op

endocumentandnavpos=220.

Integrated Management Services 2016, Project Sea Dragon workforce planning consultancy services report.

Report to Seafarms Group Limited, Perth.

Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee 2009, Risk management - principles and

guidelines. AS/NZS ISO 31000. Available from Australian Standards.

Kimberley Boab Consulting Pty Ltd 2016, Social impact assessment Project Sea Dragon Stage 1 Grow-out

Facility, Prepared for: CO2 Australia Pty Ltd and Seafarms Pty Ltd.

Kimberley Development Commission 2015, 2036 and beyond: A regional investment blueprint for the

Kimberley, Kimberley Development Commission, Kununurra. Available from http://kdc.wa.gov.au/wp-

content/uploads/2016/08/2036-and-Beyond-A-Regional-Investment-Blueprint-for-the-Kimberley.pdf.

Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority 2013, Guidelines for the preparation of an economic

and social impact statement.

Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority 2015, Terms of reference for the preparation of an

environmental impact statement, Project Sea Dragon Stage 1 Legune Grow-out Facility, Project Sea Dragon Pty

Ltd.

Victoria Daly Regional Council July 2015, Timber Creek community plan, Available from:

http://www.victoriadaly.nt.gov.au/documents/10729/14947/Timber%20Creek%20Community%20Plan.pdf.

3.2 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Arndt, W 1965, The dreaming of the Kunukban. Oceania XXXV(4): 241-259.

Berndt, R M 1951, Kunapipi, A study of an Australian Aboriginal religious cult. Melbourne, FW Cheshire.

Castine, G 1967, Report on inspection of Legune Station. Darwin, Welfare Branch, NT Administration.

Employment and General Welfare of Aborigines Legune Station CRS F1 66/735: folios 161-187.

Evans, EC 1952, Patrol Report - Leguna Station 25 November. Darwin, Aboriginal Welfare Branch, NT

Administration. Employment and General Welfare of Aborigines Legune Station CRS F1 66/735: folios 68-73.



http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/SSC50417?opendocument&navpos=220

http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/SSC50417?opendocument&navpos=220

http://kdc.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2036-and-Beyond-A-Regional-Investment-Blueprint-for-the-Kimberley.pdf

http://kdc.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2036-and-Beyond-A-Regional-Investment-Blueprint-for-the-Kimberley.pdf

http://www.victoriadaly.nt.gov.au/documents/10729/14947/Timber%20Creek%20Community%20Plan.pdf

Project Sea Dragon





Gordon, C and J Buikstra 1981, Soil pH, bone preservation and sampling bias at mortuary sites. American

Antiquity 46(3): 566-571.

Gregory, R 1998, Aboriginal settlement patterns in the Ord-Victoria River region. Northern Territory University.

PhD.

Gregory, R and Sutton, S 1997, Final assessment of the archaeological resources of the Keep River Plain and the

Knox Plain for the Ord stage 2 project. Darwin, NT Department of Industries and Fisheries.

Head, L 1994, Aborigines and pastoralism in North-Western Australia: Historical and contemporary perspectives

on multiple use of the rangelands. Rangelands Journal 16(2): 167-183.

International Council on Monuments and Sites 2013, The Burra charter. Deakin University, ICOMOS.

International Organisation for Standardisation 2009, ISO 31000:2009 Risk management principals and

guidelines. Geneva, International Organisation for Standardisation: 24.

Jones, Judy Marchant, Dolly Bardbarriya†, Eileen Raymond, Doris Roberts, Duncan McDonald†, Dinah

McDonald†, Margaret McDonald, Candide Simard, Colleen Moerkerken and Glenn Wightman 2011, 'Jaminjung,

Ngaliwurru and Nungali plants and animals, Aboriginal flora and fauna knowledge from the Bradshaw and

Judbarra / Gregory National Park Area, North Australia', Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin No. 38. Dept. of

Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport and Diwurruwurru-jaru Aboriginal Corporation / Mimi

Aboriginal Art and Craft, Darwin.

Lewis, D 1996, The boab belt: A survey of historic sites in the North Central Victoria River District, Sites 1-46.

Darwin, Australian National Trust (NT). 1.

Lewis, D 2000, The final muster: A survey of previously undocumented historic sites throughout the Victoria

River District. Darwin, Australian National Trust (NT)

Lewis, D 2012, A wild history – Life and death on the Victoria River Frontier, Monash University Publishing.

Makin, J 1970, The big run: The story of the Victoria River Downs Station. Sydney, Weldon Publishing.

Mansfield J 2011, Simon v Northern Territory of Australia [2011] FCA 575, Federal Court. NTD 9 of 2010.

Martin, F 1980, Three families outback in Australia’s tropical north (reprinted 2007). Perth, Hesperian Press.

McConvell, P and A Palmer 1979, Yingawunarri Mudbura land claim Darwin, Northern Land Council.

Riddett, L 1990, Kine, kin and country: The Victoria River District of the Northern Territory 1911-1966. Darwin

ANU North Australia Research Unit.

Shaw, B 1981, My country of the pelican dreaming. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

Woolfe, R 2013, Legune Station: Heritage and archaeological desktop review. Prepared for: Western Australian

Resources Limited.

3.3 HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY

Department of Health and Families 2011, Guidelines for preventing mosquito breeding associated with

construction practice near tidal areas in the NT, Medical Entomology Branch Centre for Disease Control

Department of Health and Families Northern Territory Government Darwin NT June 1988 Updated February

Project Sea Dragon





2011. Available from:

http://www.health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/32/37.pdfandsiteID=.

Department of Health and Families 2006, Guidelines for preventing mosquito breeding sites associated with

aquaculture developments in the NT, Medical Entomology Branch Centre for Disease Control Department of

Health and Families Northern Territory Government Darwin NT February 2006. Available from:

http://www.health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/32/43.pdfandsiteID=1andstr_title=G

uidelines%20for%20preventing%20mosquito%20breeding%20sites%20with%20aqua%20culture%20developm

ents.pdf.

Standards Australia 2009, Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas, AS 3959. Available from Australian

Standards.

3.4 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

Austroads 2015, Guide to Traffic Management Part 2: Traffic Theory.

3.5 AMENITY

No references

http://www.health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/32/37.pdf&siteID

http://www.health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/32/43.pdf&siteID=1&str_title=Guidelines%20for%20preventing%20mosquito%20breeding%20sites%20with%20aqua%20culture%20developments.pdf



Project Sea Dragon





4 VOLUME 4 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND REFERENCES

4.1 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

CyMod, 2014, Assessment of Water Level and Water Quality Changes on the Knox Plain using the Weaber Knox

Aquifer Model. Perth. Available at http://www.kai-australia.com.au/public-environment-report

Ecologia. 1997, Ord River Stage 11 M2 Development Area, Terrestrial Biological Assessment. Report published

in Kinhill Pty Ltd, 2000, Ord River Irrigation Area Stage 2, Proposed Development of the M2 Area,

Environmental Review and Management Programme, Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Perth.

Hancock, C. and Ladyman, M, 2011, Sorby Hills Proposed Silver Lead Zinc Mine Flora and Vegetation

Assessment, prepared for Sorby Management Pty Ltd, Perth.

Kimberley Boab Consulting, 2015, Knox Creek Plain, Public Environment Report. Prepared for Kimberley

Agricultural Investment Pty Ltd, Kununurra. Available at http://www.kai-australia.com.au/public-environment-

report

Kinhill Pty Ltd, 1999, Ord Sugar Project, A Vegetation survey to map the vegetation communities of the M2

Development Area of the Ord River Irrigation Scheme, report published in Kinhill Pty Ltd, 2000, Ord River

Irrigation Area Stage 2, Proposed Development of the M2 Area, Environmental Review and Management

Programme, Draft Environmental Impact Statement.

Kinhill Pty Ltd, 2000, Ord River Irrigation Area Stage 2 Proposed Development of the M2 Area - Environmental

Review and Management Programme Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Perth.

Sorby Management Pty Ltd, 2013, Public Environmental Review Sorby Hills Silver Lead Zinc Project. Sorby

Management Pty Ltd, Perth.

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

No references.

4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

As the EMP is designed as a stand-alone document all references are contained within (see Volume 4, Chapter

3 and included Appendices).

http://www.kai-australia.com.au/public-environment-report



PROJECT SEA DRAGON STAGE 1 LEGUNE GROW-OUT …...United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2015, World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision,

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