A STUDY ON HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING With reference to VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE, HYDERABAD A project report submitted to Vignan University In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted By Y.ADITYA (Regd.No.091FC01059) Under the guidance of Mrs.K.KALPANA M.B.A., L.L.B SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES VADLAMUDI-522213. 1
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A STUDY ON
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING
With reference to
VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE, HYDERABAD
A project report submitted to Vignan UniversityIn partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Submitted By
Y.ADITYA
(Regd.No.091FC01059)
Under the guidance of
Mrs.K.KALPANA M.B.A., L.L.B
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
VADLAMUDI-522213.
1
DECLARATION
I, hereby declare that the project work titled “A STUDY ON HUMAN RESOURCE
PLANNING” at “VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE”, HYDERABAD is a bonafide
work done by me under the guidance of Mrs.K.KALPANA, Asst.Professor Department
of Management studies, VIGNAN UNIVERSITY.
This project report is submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Master of
Business Administration from VIGNAN UNIVERSITY.
This project work is a result of my own efforts and has not been submitted to any other
university or institution.
PLACE: VADLAMUDI
(Y.ADITYA)
DATE:
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project report titled “A STUDY ON HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING” is done
by me at “VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE”, in partial fulfillment for the award of
degree of Master of Business Administration.
I would like to thank Mr. P.N.NARAYANA VYAS (Sr. Manager HR) of VDC for
providing me an opportunity to pursue my project work in the esteemed organization.
I convey my sincere thanks to MR.D.VIJAY KRISHNA, HEAD of the School of Management studies, VIGNAN UNIVERSITY, VADLAMUDI
I also thank Mrs.K.KALPANA, Asst.Professor Department of Management studies,
VIGNAN UNIVERSITY VADLAMUDI, under whose supervision the study has been
successfully completed.
I also thank the employees of VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE, for their cooperation
during my study.
Y.ADITYA
3
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TOPICS PAGE NO.
1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2
1.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY 11
1.3 OJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS 13
1.4 METHODOLOGY 13
2 2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE 15
2.2 COMPANY PROFILE 33
3 3.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
48
4 4.1 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 95
BIBILOGRAPHY 99
ANNEXURES/APPENDICES
4
LIST OF TABLES:
3.1 Comparision of services offered by vijaya diagnostic centre and other private diagnostic centres 51-52
3.2 Comparision of services offered by vijaya diagnostic centre and other corporate hospital networks
53-54
3.3 Table showing work load analysis of ultrasound 75-763.4 Table showing work load analysis of ct 763.5 Table showing work load analysis of mri 773.6 Table showing work load analysis of pet/ct & nuclear medicine 783.7 Table showing work load analysis of x-ray 793.8 Table showing work load analysis of sample collection department 803.9 Table showing work load analysis of sample separation
department81
3.10 Table showing work load analysis of cash billing cum reception 823.11 Table showing work load analysis of dispatch counter 82-833.12 Table showing work load analysis of ecg/2d-echocardiography/tmt 83-843.13 Table showing work load analysis of eeg/enmg/pft 84-853.14 Table showing work load analysis of auditing 853.15 Table showing work load analysis of immunopathology 85-863.16 Table showing work load analysis of biochemistry: routine 86-873.17 Table showing work load analysis of biochemistry-2: speciality
labs87-88
3.18 Table showing work load analysis of cytology and histopathalogy 89-903.19 Table showing work load analysis of clinical pathology 90-913.20 Table showing work load analysis of haematology: 91-923.21 Table showing work load analysis of cytogenetics: 933.22 Table showing work load analysis of microbiology: 94
5
LIST OF FIGURES/DIAGRAMS:
1.1 Human resource planning system 9
2.1 Services industry 152.2 Acupressure 192.3 Reflexology 222.4 Organogram 473.1 Work-flow diagram of cash billing: type-1 medical representative 533.2 Work-flow diagram of cash billing: type 2 patient with prescription 543.3 Work-flow diagram of cash billing: type3: patient with discount 553.4 Work-flow diagram of cash billing: type 4: medical representative
/patient`s queries56
3.5 Work-flow diagram of cash billing: type 5: credit billing 573.6 Work-flow diagram of 2d-echo/tmt department 583.7 Work-flow diagram of clinical pathology 593.8 Work-flow diagram of cytogenetics 603.9 Work-flow diagram of cytology&histopathology 613.10 Work-flow diagram of dispatch counter 623.11 Work-flow diagram of ecg department 633.12 Work-flow diagram of eeg/enmg/pft department 643.13 Work-flow diagram of gamma scan 653.14 Work-flow diagram of haematology 663.15 Work-flow diagram of immunopathology 673.16 Work-flow diagram of microbiology 683.17 Work-flow diagram of mri /ct department 693.18 Work-flow diagram of pet/ct 703.19 Work-flow diagram of sample collection 713.20 Work-flow diagram of sample separation 723.21 Work-flow diagram of ultrasound 733.22 Work-flow diagram of x-ray department 74
6
INTRODUCTION
Today in every organization Human resource planning as an activity is necessary. It is
an important part of an organization. Human Resource Planning is a vital ingredient for
the success of the organization in the long run.
The objective of human resource department is Human resource planning , Recruitment
and Selection, training and development, Career planning , transfer and Promotion, risk
Management, Performance Appraisal and so on. Each objective needs special attention
and proper Planning and implementation.
With reference to this context, my project has been prepared to throw light on Human
resource planning at the Vijaya Diagnostic Centre to make effective and efficient use of
human resources available and meet the present and future human resources
requirements of the organization.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
Human resource planning is necessary for all the organizations for the following reasons:
To carry on its work every organization needs human resources with the
necessary qualifications, skills, knowledge, work experience and aptitude for
work. These are provided through Human resource Planning.
Human resource planning is essential because of frequent labor turnover which is
unavoidable
The nature of present workforce in relation to its changing needs also necessitates
the recruitment of new human resources. To meet the challenge of a new and
changing technology and the new techniques of production, existing employees
need to be trained or new blood injected in an organization.
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Human resources are also needed in order to identify the areas of surplus
personnel or areas where there is a shortage of personnel
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING:
Human Resource is the most precious resource for any nation. Deploying the resource
without proper training and inductions can lead with less productive results. The same is
obvious in Services sector and even needs more substantiation. In many countries, not
enough attention is paid to planning for manpower and this is due to lack of qualified
manpower planning specialists.
HR Planning is not mere having the “right people in the right place at the right time”. Its
about instituting the people –related practices and activities that will help the organization
achieve, and improve its business results.
HR Planning in its simplest form is about answering 4 questions:
What are the business needs?
How to meet those needs?
What are the requirements to meet those needs?
What could be the best strategy required to fulfill the needs?
HRP is a forward looking function and an organizational tool to identify skill and
competency gaps and subsequently develop plans for development of deficient skills and
competencies in human resources to remain competitive. HRP ensures benefits to the
organizations by creating a reservoir of talent, preparing people for future cost cutting
and succession planning besides creating a back –up in case of diversification and
expansion.
Manpower Planning includes four aspects – FDIC
F-forecasting manpower needs,
D-developing appropriate policies and programmes for meeting those needs,
8
I-implementing policies and programmes, and
C- Controlling these programmes.
Definition:
“Manpower planning (HRP) is the process-including forecasting, developing
implementing, and controlling – by which a firm ensures that it has the right number of
people and right kind of people, at the right place, at the right time, doing this for which
they are economically most suitable.”
- E.Geisler
“Human resource planning includes the estimation of how many qualified people are
necessary to carry out the assigned activities, how many people will be available and
what if anything must be done to ensure that personnel supply equals personnel demand
at the appropriate point in the future.”
- Leap and Crino
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
“Take away my people, but leave my factories, & soon grass will grow on the factory
floors. Take away my factories, but leave my people, & soon we will have a new & better
factory”
-Andrew Carnegie
• Strategic planning: the systematic determination of goals and the plans to achieve
them
• Business strategy plans to build a competitive focus in one line of business
9
Human resource management can be viewed as an umbrella term that encompasses the following:
Specific HR practices, such as recruitment, selection, and appraisal
Formal HR policies that direct and partially constrain the development of
specific practices
Overarching HR philosophies, which specify the values that inform an
organization’s policies and practices
Linking HR Processes to Strategy
Start with organizational strategy and then create HR strategy.
Start with HR competencies and then craft corporate strategies based on these
competencies.
Do a combination of both in a form of reciprocal relationship
Corporate Strategies leads to HR Strategy – KPO, BPO, LPO etc.
HR Strategy is HR Planning:
All other functions like staffing, training, performance management,
compensation management, labor relation, & employee separations are
derived from it.
HRP is a proactive function- it scans & anticipates various factors- internal &
external to develop a plan It is more important during organizational
turbulence – M&A, disinvestment
HR Planning always starts with understanding the business needs of the
organization
10
Human resource planning is an integral part of business planning. It`s all about:
Identifying and acquiring the right number of people with the proper skills
Motivating them to achieve high performance
Creating interactive links between business objective and resource planning
activities
HR Planning is both “top down” and “Bottom up”. While HR plans should be
based on overall business needs and strategies, they should take into account
the needs and realities of organizational units. The HR planning process
should involve managers at all levels.
An organization's HR plans are usually developed at the departmental or
business line level where business directions are set and decisions made. But
HR plans are implemented (and adapted) by individual managers in the
conduct of their ongoing operations. It is important that managers understand
the HR plans and priorities of their organizations so they can guide their
actions accordingly.
Strategic Manpower Planning is a dynamic, proactive, ongoing process of
systematically attracting, identifying, developing, mentoring, and retaining
employees to support current and future organizational goals. Strategic
Manpower Planning focuses specifically on proactive planning to meet
anticipated or unanticipated vacancies due to retirement and other factors for
classes that serve as essential elements in meeting your public service
mandate.
Some of the long and short-term strategies that may support the strategic
Manpower Planning process, may be retention, induction Programme,
employee assistance Programme,
HRP is a forward looking function and an Organizational tool to identify skill
and competency gaps and subsequently develop plans for development of
11
deficient skills and competencies in human resources to remain competitive.
HRP ensures benefits to the Organizations by creating a reservoir of talent,
preparing people for future cost cutting and succession planning besides
creating a back –up in case of diversification and expansion
Human resource planning, therefore, aims at:
Balancing demand, supply, distribution and allocation of manpower,
Controlling cost of human resources,
Formulating policies on transfer, succession, relocation of manpower.
HRP is a planning process by which an organization can move from its
current manpower position to its desired manpower position.
Manpower planning may be defined as a strategy for acquisition, utilization,
improvement and retention of human resources.
HRP AT DIFFERENT LEVELS:
Different institutions make HRP at different levels for their own purposes, of which
national level, sectoral level, industry level, unit level, departmental level and job level
are important.
National Level: Adjust the supply through its population policy, family planning,
educational policy etc. HRP at national level helps to plan for educational
facilities, hospitals, employment plans, agricultural and industrial developments
etc.
Sector Level: Manpower requirements for a particular sector like agricultural
sector, industrial sector or tertiary sectors are projects based on the government
policy, projected output/operations.
12
Industry level: Manpower needs of a particular industry like cement, textiles,
chemical are predicted, taking into account the output/operational level of that
particular industry.
Unit Level: This covers the estimation of human resource needs of an
Organization or company based on its corporate/business plans.
Departmental Level: This covers the manpower needs of a particular department
in a company.
Job Level: Manpower needs of a particular job within department are forecasted
at this level.
Characteristics of Manpower Planning:
Ascertaining manpower needs in number and kind.
It presents an inventory of existing manpower of the organization.
Helps in determining the shortfall or surplus of manpower.
Initiation of various organizational programmes.
Acquisition, utilization, improvement and prevention of human resources.
Importance of human resource planning:
Human resource planning is of primacy nature and, therefore, it precedes all other HRM
functions. Without HRP, no other function can be undertaken in any meaningful way.
HRP contributes in the following ways in managing human resources in an organization.
It checks the corporate plan of the organization.
It helps to face the shortage of certain categories of employees and/or variety of
skills despite the problem of unemployment.
It offsets uncertainty and change and helps to have right men at right time and in
right place.
13
It provides scope for advancement and development of employees through
training, development etc.
It helps to anticipate the cost of salary enhancement, better benefits etc.
To foresee the changes in values, aptitude and attitude of human resources and to
change the techniques of interpersonal, management etc.
To foresee the need for redundancy and plan to check it or to provide alternative
employment in consultation with trade unions, other organizations and
government through remodeling organizational, industrial and economic plans.
To plan for physical facilities, working conditions and volume of fringe benefits
like canteen, schools, hospitals, conveyance, child care centers, quarters, company
stores etc.
It gives an idea of type of tests to be used and interview techniques in selection
based on the level of skills, qualifications, intelligence, values etc. of future
human resources.
It causes the development of various sources of human resources to meet the
organizational needs.
It helps to take steps to improve human resource contributions in the form of
increased productivity, sales, turnover etc.
It facilitates the control of all the functions, operations, contribution and cost of
human resources.
Benefits of Human resource planning:
Create reservoir of talent
Prepares people for future
Expand or contract strength
14
Cut Cost
Succession planning
Responsibility for Human resource planning:
Formulation of human resource plans is a shared task between top management line managers and HR department
Top management is involved in HRP process because ultimately, it approves
various plans of the Organization as a whole.
Functional managers under whom people work.
The responsibilities of HR department in regard to HRP process have been described by Geisler as follows:
To assists, counsel and pressurize the operating management to plan and establish
objectives;
To collect and summaries data in total organizational terms and to ensure
consistency with long-term objectives and other elements of the total elements of
the total business plan;
To monitor and measure performance against the plan and keep the top
management informed about it
To provide the research necessary for effective manpower and Organizational
planning
Human resource planning process
HRP is a process and it proceeds through various interrelated activities.
Forecasting future manpower requirements, either in terms of mathematical
projection of trends in the economy and developments in the industry or of
judgmental estimates based upon specific future plans of the company.
15
Inventorying present manpower resources and analyzing the degree to which
these resources are employed optimally;
Figure: Human Resource Planning System
Anticipating manpower problems by projecting present resources into the future
and comparing them with the forecast of the requirements, to determine their
adequacy, both quantitatively and qualitatively and
Planning the necessary programmes of recruitment, selection, training
deployment, utilization, transfer, promotion, development. Motivation and
compensation.
16
PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING EFEFFECTIVENESS OF HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING
LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVES AND PLANS
OVERALL REQUIREMENTS
INVENTORY OF PRESENT HUMAN RESOURCES
NET NEW HUMAN RESOURCES REQUIREMENTS
ACTION PROGRAMMES FOR RECRUITING & SELECTING NEEDED PERSONNEL
SHORT -TERM GOALS PLANS PROGRAMMES AND BUDGETS
WORK FORCE REQUIREMENTS BY OCCIPATIONAL CATEGORIES, JOB SKILLS, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTI-CS
INVENTORY BY OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES, JOB SKILLS, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIST-ICS
NEEDED REPLACEMENTS FOR ADDITIONS
PLANS FOR DEVELOPING, UPGRADING, TRANSFERRING, IN RECRUITING AND SELECTING NEEDED PEOPLE
ORGANISATION
SUB
UNITS
Human Resource Plan Component:
The Human resource plan can be broken down into three components:
Forecasting- estimating future needs and stocktaking of available resources in the
Organization
Recruitment plan- to meet the gap between the internal resource and estimated
need by external recruitment
Training and Development plan to utilize fully human resources of the
Organization and to develop potential resources
Human Resource Planning: A Win- Win Process
WINS FOR EMPLOYEES
WINS FOR THE ENTERPRISE
Competitive pay and benefits plants Appropriate organization structure and people to face challenges and meet corporate objectives, both short and long term.
Career development and opportunities for growth
Development of internal resources, leading to stability and culture building.
Reduced fear of redundancy.
Improved motivation and morale of employees, leading to improved performance
Training and development, leading to continued marketability.
Productivity gains, leading to cost reduction
Continuity of employment due to organization's ability to retain workforce.
Improved customer satisfaction, leading to improvement in business.
Fuller realization of potential, leading to job satisfaction.
Reduction in hiring and training costs due to the improved ability to retain employees and development of internal resources to fill future vacancies
Barriers to effective human resource planning:17
Improper linkage between HRP and Corporate Strategy.
Inadequate appreciation of HRP
Rigidly in Attitudes
Environment Uncertainty
Conflict between Long-term and Short-term HRP.
Inappropriate HR Information Systems
Measures for making HRP Effective:
Commitment and involvement of top management in HRP.
Proactive, rather than reactive, human resources management approach.
Greater participation of line managers at all levels in HRP process.
Effective design of HR information system integrated with the Organization’s
management information system.
Linking HRP to corporate strategic management process.
Enough flexibility in HR plans to take care of changing situations
18
OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the present manpower arrangement in Vijaya Diagnostic Centre
using WORK-LOAD ANALYSIS
To design a HRP system for Vijaya Diagnostics centre.
LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY:
Time and resources constraint
Since, the HRP is a wider subject to be dealt with , the present study is confined
only to analysis and application using Workload analysis and Markow analysis.
Getting information about various aspects for study purpose was difficult.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For the purpose of study on HRP at VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE data were
collected from both the primary and secondary sources.
The data source: Primary as well as Secondary.
The research approach: Observation Method.
The respondents: The technicians and employees of the Organization.
Primary data:
Primary data needed for the study is collected through interview with employees of
VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE and discussion with the staff and by observing their
operating procedures.
19
Secondary data: Secondary data is collected from internal records, manuals of the
Organization, various textbooks and the website of the organization.
Statistical Tools used:
Workload analysis: Workload analysis techniques are series process to calculate
the workload of a position / sub position, and also needs the number of people to
fill the position / sub position. Workload analysis is very important to calculate
exactly how many employees needed to complete all of tasks in a section or
department.
Markov analysis: Markov analysis provides a means of analysing the reliability
and availability of systems whose components exhibit strong dependencies.
20
SERVICES INDUSTRY
Figure 2.1
The Economy of India is the tenth largest in the world by nominal GDP and the
fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country's per capita GDP (PPP)
is $3,339 (IMF, 129th) in 2010. Following strong economic reforms from the post-
These are among the fastest growing sectors, The IT/ITeS sector in India displayed
tenacity and resilience during the recessionary years of 2009 and 2010. The sector
clocked export revenues of $50.1 billion in the financial year ended March 31, 2010,
registering a growth of 5.4% over the previous fiscal. The fiscal year 2010-11 reflected a
strong rebound in growth for the Indian IT-BPO industry which is estimated to aggregate
revenues of USD 76 billion this year, a growth of over 19 percent from the previous year.
FINANCIAL SERVICES
The financial sector in India includes services like broking firms, investment services, financial consulting, national banks, private banks, mutual funds, car and home loans, equity market and other banking services.
BANKING:
The Indian money market is classified into the Organized sector, comprising
private, public and foreign owned commercial banks and cooperative banks, together
known as scheduled banks, and the unorganized sector, which includes individual or
family owned indigenous bankers or money lenders and non-banking financial
companies.
ENERGY AND POWER
India's oil reserves meet 25% of the country's domestic oil demand. India is the
fourth largest consumer of oil in the world and imported $82.1 billion worth of oil in
the first three quarters of 2010, which had an adverse effect on its current account deficit.
The petroleum industry in India mostly consists of public sector companies such as Oil
and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
(HPCL) and Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL). There are some major private
Indian companies in the oil sector such as Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) which
operates the world's largest oil refining complex.
The total Indian healthcare sector is today 34 billion USD and it is projected to
grow to nearly 40billion by 2012. The diagnostic and pathology market is around two
percent of the total market. Indian diagnostic market has been growing fast, at 15-20
percent growth rate but there are lots of development needs. The growth rate is estimated
to remain the same for the following ten years. As in all India related issues, again the
scale is so amazing - as the Indian interviewees put it: it is all about numbers in India!
Also funding is always an issue. One of the major driving forces is the basic demographic
change: the migration to urban cities, with increasing number of people having access to
modern healthcare. Consequently, more and more investments are being made in
hospitals and clinical laboratories. However, the rural sector is not to be forgotten.-
Despite the quick economic growth and increasing number of middle class
representatives, India is still a developing country with a huge number of rural inhabitants
with massive sanitation problems. The basic market requirement is to come up with more
indigenous products with affordable prices, bearing in mind that the usability is also in
issue: the diagnostic kits should be easy to use, not requiring a doctor.
25
Medical facilities are classified into two:
Medical facilities:
The medical treatment in India has depicted a massive growth in infrastructure in the private and voluntary sector.
The private sector, which was very unpretentious in the early stages, has now become an affluent industry prepared with the most modern state-of-the-art technology at its disposal.
It is expected that 75-80 percent of healthcare services and investments in India are now provided by the private sector.
In addition to that India has one of the largest pharmaceutical industries in the world. It is self-sufficient and self- reliant in drug production and exports drugs to more than 180 countries.
Using the latest technical apparatus and the services of highly expert medical personnel, these hospitals are in a position to provide a spectrum of general as well as specialist's services.
These services are offered at awfully cutthroat prices; cheering patients not only from developing countries but even from a number of developed ones to come to India for medical treatment packages.
Amidst varied general and specialty medical treatment packages the noteworthy packages are as beneath:
Bone Marrow Transplant
Cardiac Care and surgery package
Cosmetic Surgery package
Dialysis and Kidney Transplant package
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Healthcare facilities
Joint Replacement Surgery package
Neuro-surgery & Trauma Surgery treatment package
Osteoporosis medical treatment package26
Refractive Surgery package
Urology
Vascular Surgery package
Dental care medical package
As far as the cost of medical treatment packages are concerned, India offer the most
competitive treatment package price to the world with its up- to- the- minute medical
devices. The prices of different pathological tests range from Rs.50 to 3000. And that
depends upon the nature of the test.
Now, the specialty hospitals are using Nuclear medicines for treatment. Here radioactive
isotopes are injected or administered orally and that is again scanned by sophisticated
Gamma camera. So for high quality treatment at lowest possible cost one must select
India as his medical treatment destination.
Diagnostics facilities:
Market Overview:
The Indian diagnostic market comprising primarily of reagents and kits is to a large
extent import driven. India currently has over 11,500 hospitals and 14,000 diagnostic
laboratories. Diagnostics is poised to become a $700 million industry by 2010 with
significant improvements occurring in the area of early detection. Reagents and kits will
also be major contributors to growth. There is increasing need for indigenous products
with affordable prices.
Diagnostic Market:
Today the total Indian healthcare sector, is currently valued at $34 billion, is
projected to grow to nearly $40 billion by 2012. The diagnostic and pathology market is
around 2 percent of the overall healthcare market. The diagnostic market has been
growing at 15-20 percent and by all indications shall continue to grow for another
10years at this rate
27
The fast growing diagnostic sector opens several avenues for partnership between
the Indian and International diagnostic companies. There is huge potential in the clinical
research and trials market by combining the unique strengths of Indian and US
companies, US companies are the leader in pharmaceuticals and biologics research and
development. Indian companies can leverage their extensive expertise in life sciences, the
large number of CAP accredited labs in India and the huge patient base to collaborate
with US companies in organizing large scale and complex clinical trials at low costs.
There is good potential to develop training and accreditation programmes for the Indian
market. There is a need to design cheap, high quality equipment for Indian markets and
device creative financing options and low cost, effective solutions for the Indian market.
Growth Drivers in India:
Increased purchasing power among the middle to upper-tier economic groups.
Along with the increasing wealth of Indians is the emergence of a more Westernized
attitude which brings along also increased health awareness. One important sub-sector are
the non-resident Indians (NRIs) who have spent much of their lifetime in the West but
often return to India in later stage of life. Medical services in particular have flourished
with the establishment of “NRI hospital"
The arrival of multinational corporations in large numbers to the Indian scene has
been accompanied by a similar growth in indigenous corporate entities (in particular IT-
sector and business process outsourcing (BPO). New corporate mentality brings along
employee health issues, especially those of managers and executives. A parallel
development has been the progressive expansion of health insurance programs that cover
curative, diagnostic, and health screening programs.The rapidly increasing non-
communicable disease burden on Indian population, without forgetting the rural masses
who still struggle with a vast number of communicable diseases.
Growth Restraints in India:
India is a very cost and price sensitive market, i.e. imported products are often too
expensive. The healthcare spending of the common people is 65% of disposable income, 28
as the healthcare insurance penetration is still in the initial stages, and according to recent
studies, lower income groups need to pay bribes to get access to public health structures
(in southern states in almost 65 per cent of cases)
Lack of awareness of newer methods and tests among public healthcare personnel
and lack of professionals
Current use of diagnostics in India:
Infectious Diseases Diagnosis
Hormones diagnosis
Blood Grouping reagents diagnosis
Pregnancy diagnosis
Cancer Markers
Molecular Diagnostics
Unorganized Sector in India
Major branded players in the Indian diagnostics market are:
Super Religare Laboratories,
Dr Lal Pathlabs,
Thyrocare and
Pathcare labs
Vimta labs
Lucid Medical
Elbit Diagnostics
29
Elbit:
Elbit is established as the seamless link between doctors, the hospitals, in-house
consultants and the visiting patients as a trustworthy Quality Service Provider,
attending to all their Medical Diagnostic needs.
Elbit presently enjoys a noticeable existence in the Health Care Industry. Elbit
offers a winning combination of contemporary equipment, international
technology and effective personal care.
Elbit provides the patients and their families with high-standard medical care and
the most qualitative and quantitative data regarding the etiology and pathogenesis
of a disease.
PathCare Labs (P) Limited:
PathCare Labs is an emerging Diagnostic Service provider on the horizon with a
promise to ensure Quality, Reliability and Customer Care.
PathCare has ventured into the foray of complete Diagnostic Services by setting
up a State of the Art Central Clinical Reference Lab at Hyderabad, Andhra
Pradesh and plans to grow and acquire bigger dimensions with an aim to become
a global network of highly automated and sophisticated diagnostic laboratories
synonymous with cutting-edge technology, accuracy, efficiency, dedicated
customer service and above all the stringent ethical practices.
Pathcare has spread across the country with a promise to ensure Quality,
Reliability and Customer Care. The exquisite management ethics of Pathcare has
made it the first company to be Networked, Bar-coded, certified and accredited.
Vimta Labs:
Vimta Labs is India’s leading contract research and testing organization.
Established in 1984 VIMTA has an envious track record of serving several market
leaders across the globe.
30
VIMTA is a team of 692 professionals comprising 460 scientists in various
disciplines such as Chemistry, Pharma, Medicine, Microbiology, Molecular
biology and Informatics. The team is slated to double in next three years.
VIMTA is a multi-site organization with more than 300,000 sqft world class
laboratory facilities.The technologies deployed at VIMTA are current and leading
edge, duly validated.
Super Religare Laboratories:
SRL is servicing nearly 1550 hospitals/path labs along with its subsidiary Piramal
Diagnostic Services Private Limited, offering a comprehensive range of over 3,300
diagnostic tests, from the routine to the highly specialized tests.
Dr. Lal PathLabs:
Dr. Lal PathLabs has 65 laboratories at present in India and it is looking to add another
35 this year. The company has decided to invest 150crore this year on acquisitions in
India and abroad. The company is also looking to acquire in Middle East, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka and other South Asian nations.
Thyrocare: Thyrocare is one among the top laboratory brands in India. It is moving at 40 percent
annually. Another major player Metropolis has created an Indian Association of
Pathology Labs in view to represent the industry to the government under the umbrella
structure of CII (Confederation of Indian Industry).
Lucid:
Medical Diagnostics is a comprehensive health care facility with dedicated resources for
enhancement of health. Designed to be one of the most advanced imaging centers in
31
India, it has brought the finest Medical Technology to south India. Combined with a
comprehensive team of Health Care Professionals, LUCID is here to deliver superior
service for individuals from all walks of life.
Opportunities and Challenges:
Indian healthcare market is large but still fragmented and underserved. India is
one of fastest growing and strongest global economies with about 8 percent
growth rate.
Our nation has 17 percent Facts that count In India, out of the 60,000 laboratories
where testing is done, only 200 are accredited and only 1000 are worth being
called as laboratories.
By the year 2020, at least 60 percent of in-vitro business will become organized
since, though slow, things are moving in right direction. Unorganized laboratories
are growing at the rate of 10 – 15 percent, while the organized corporate chains
having less than 10% share of the total market are growing in a much faster rate at
25 – 30 percent, annually. As on date only 10 percent is organized and though it
has taken 40 years to move to 10 percent, this is likely to grow to 50 percent in
just next 10 years.
The growing middle-class also recognizes the value of pathology testing and is
willing to pay for these tests. This is reflected in the over 20 percent CAGR in the
last five years in India’s diagnostics industry. The diagnostics industry is highly
fragmented with the largest players account for less than 15 percent of the total
diagnostics market
Facts that count
In India out of the 60,000 laboratories where testing is done, only 200 are
accredited and only 1000 worth are being called as laboratories.
Unorganized laboratories are growing at the rate of10-15 percent, while the
organized corporate chains having less than 10% share of the total market are
growing at a faster rate at 25-30 percent, annually.
32
As on date only 10% percent is organized and though it has taken 40 years to
move to 10 percent, this is likely to grow 50 % in just next 10 years.
The growing middle class also recognizes the value of pathology testing and is
willing to pay for these test. This is reflected in the over 20percent CAGR in the
last five years in India`s diagnostic industry
The whole diagnostic industry is fragmented with the largest players account for
less than 15 percent of the total diagnostics market.
RETAILING
Retailing is one of the pillars of the economy in India and accounts for 13% of
GDP.The retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized sectors. Unorganized
retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing, for
example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops,
convenience stores, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. In India, a shopkeeper of such
kind of shops is usually known as a dukandar.
EDUCATION
Education is the most crucial investment and an essential element in human resource
development. It has always been accorded an honored place in every economy. It implies
ability of the people to read, write and understand. It has the fundamental aspects of
imparting knowledge, wisdom and culture. It helps in drawing out the latent potentials
and talents of an individual.
The Indian educational structure mainly consists of the three stages, namely:-
India is the most viable investment destination in real estate The real estate sector
in India is of great importance. According to the report of the Technical Group on
Estimation of Housing Shortage, an estimated shortage of 26.53 million houses during
the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) provides a big investment opportunity.
ABOUT VDC:
Founded in 1981 by Dr Surender Reddy, as the first centre of its kind to offer a comprehensive
range of all diagnostic modalities, under one roof, Vijaya has emerged as the pioneers in
diagnostic medicare, in Andhra Pradesh. Vijaya`s commitment to quality and philosophy of
always putting the patient first, has ensured that over the past 28 years, it has established a
reputation for excellence and reliability and has become a household name for quality diagnostic
services.
VISION & MISSION:
Vijaya is guided by vision and philosophy of:
Offering reliable and accurate diagnostic services to our customers, at affordable prices,
in a customer centric manner
Keeping pace with the technological advances in diagnostics and offering our customers
access to the latest developments in diagnostic medicare
Complying with the most stringent quality and ethical norms and ensuring a human touch
to our services
34
Today, Vijaya has 14 centres spread across the city of Hyderabad to ensure easy access and convenience to our patients. Centres in Kolkata, Chennai, Warangal and Nizamabad also.
Delivered quality diagnostic services to over 2,000,000 patients since inception.
Team Vijaya has over 35 qualified Radiologists, Pathologists, Microbiologists and other doctors in addition to over 400 qualified and competentA technologists, working full time.
Most comprehensive range of diagnostic services spanning Radiology & Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Conventional & Specialty Lab Services and Diagnostic Cardiology.
MILESTONES:
Over the past 28 years, Vijaya always had passion for quality and is committed to delivering the latest in technology to its customers, having translated into a number of Firsts including
First centre to introduce Ultrasound and Echocardiography, in 1981
First centre to introduce Thyroid hormone testing , in 1985
First centre to offer Nuclear Medicine, in 1986
First centre to offer 4th generation CT Scan, in 1993
First centre to offer Mammography, in 1994
First centre to offer Bone Densitometry, in 1999
First centre to offer rt PCR based DNA testing and Flow Cytometry, in 2000
First centre to offer Digital X-Ray, in 2001
First centre to offer automated microbiology culture (BACTEC), in 2003
Hawk eye Gamma Camera with SPECT CT in 2006
Independent Cardiac CT in 2007
Independent 3.0 Tesla MRI in 2007
Independent PET CT in 2008
SERVICES OFFERED
CORPORATE HEALTH PACKAGES
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
RADIOLOGY
35
SPECIALITY LAB
LAB SERVICES
Over the last two decades, there have been tremendous technological advances, in the field of
diagnostic healthcare which have resulted in new and innovative modalities that are focused on
prevention and early detection of disease. Vijaya believes that prevention is the best cure and
periodic health checkups are essential for individuals to monitor their health status and take
appropriate health and lifestyle precautions.
VDC offers a wide range of preventive health check packages, based on the age, gender and
medical history of the patient including.
Vijaya master health checkup Vijaya cardiac profile Vijaya advance cardiac profile Vijaya whole body checkup Vijaya well women checkup Vijaya general health checkup Vijaya diabetic health checkup Vijaya executive health checkup
NUCLEAR MEDICINE:
Nuclear Medicine is an advanced and specialized imaging modality that allows analysis of the
functionality and structure of organs like brain, heart, liver, kidneys, and bone etc, bones or
tissues by using radiopharmaceuticals and imaging by a Gamma Camera. Today, it has vital
applications in various fields including the diagnosis & treatment of Cancer, Heart disease,
Thyroid disorders, Renal & Liver disease and many other areas.
The Nuclear Medicine department at Vijaya, is approved by the AERB (under the Department of
Atomic Energy) and is equipped with the most advanced and state of the art GE Infinia Hawkeye
Dual Head SPECT Gamma Camera with a built in multi slice helical CT scanner.
The GE Infinia "Hawkeye" system offers:
36
Fastest scan cycle times and unparalleled clinical flexibility with an open design, for patient comfort
Optimized imaging performance, at lower patient doses provides diagnostic confidence
SPECT/CT enables fusion of the anatomical and functional information for clinical diagnosis broad coverage and 1’ etched detectors to enable high, medium and low energy imaging of the highest quality
PET-CT
Diagnosing and planning treatment for cancer, heart or brain disease requires technology that
lives up to the challenge. With the highest sensitivity in the industry the Discovery STS 100 has
set new standards in image quality. This helps in accurate diagnosis and treatment plan for
patients.
RADIOLOGY:
“Radiology is the science which deals with the use of radiant energy for the
diagnosis and treatment of a disease. A minimally invasive form of medicare, it allows
the doctor to study a patient’s internal system, without making any cuts on the body”
All imaging procedures are performed, keeping the patient safety in mind, and care is
taken to ensure that results of the highest quality are obtained while minimizing the
patient exposure to radiation. Every procedure is undertaken under the supervision of our
team of highly qualified and experienced Radiologists, to ensure that the results are
clinically relevant and enable better diagnosis.
MRI
Philips Achieva 3 Tesla MRI incorporates the latest in magnetic resonance
imaging technology that combines outstanding image quality with a patient friendly short
bore gantry, to eliminate claustrophobia and a dual gradient system, to enable ultra high
resolution imaging. The Achieva 3.0T is a truly complete MR system, for the routine 37
exams of brain, spine and musculoskeletal to the most advanced ones. Some of the
advanced applications offered by the Achieva 3.0T include Multi Voxel Spectroscopy,
DWIBS for Oncology application, 4D THRIVE, Fiber Trak, High Resolution MR
Angiography, MR Diffusion and MR Perfusion imaging. The result is clinical excellence
combined with patient comfort and clinical relevance.
CT:
Philips Brilliance 64 slice CT is one of the most advanced CT systems in the
market and can expand clinical boundaries in cardiac, pulmonary, trauma, and pediatric
imaging. This system is built on innovative Essence technology that delivers image
quality, dose efficiency and rapid reconstruction times. The system enables faster scan
times and lower patient exposure to radiation, while delivering unmatched image quality.
The Brilliance CT offers a comprehensive range of clinical applications, not found on
many other systems including high resolution Cardiac & Coronary imaging, CT
Angiography, 3D Reconstruction and MPR, Virtual Endoscopy, Oncology and Pediatic
Imaging, which span from early detection and diagnosis to treatment of disease.
Digital X-RayDigital X-Ray (CR) is truly a breakthrough technological development in the field
of X-Ray imaging. At Vijaya, we were the pioneers in introducing Digital X-Ray, in AP,
in 2000 and today we have over seven digital CR X-Ray systems installed, across our
various centres. The system allows for accurate high resolution x-ray imaging, while
reducing patient exposure to radiation, eliminating the need for retakes and also allows
for electronic transfer of images from one location to another.
Mammography:Vijaya offers Mammography screening for Breast Cancer detection, on our
Siemens Mammomat system, which is one of the most advanced systems available.
Breast cancer is one of the 3 major risks for women over the age of 40 and a yearly
38
mammogram is the most reliable method of ensuring early diagnosis of this disease,
which can be treated effectively, if detected early
Ultrasound/Color Doppler:
Our Philips IU 22 color Doppler system is one of the most advanced ultrasound
platforms in the world and pushes the boundaries for imaging in conventional radiology,
vascular and ob/gyn imaging. The IU 22 also offers real time 3D imaging to offering a
wide variety of applications in pediatric and vascular imaging.
Speciality lab:
Vijaya, has a dedicated specialty lab services division that caters to the outsourced
needs of such hospitals and laboratories, allowing them to expand their diagnosis and
treatment options, while ensuring that patients have access to the very diagnostic
expertise and technology.
Some of the highly specialized and state of the art modalities offered at Vijaya, include
The basic purpose of preparing manpower inventory is to find out the size and quality of
personnel available within the Organization to man various positions. Every Organization
will have two major sources of supply of manpower; internal and external.
(a) Internal Labour supply: A profile of employees in terms of age, sex, education,
training, experience, job level, past performance and future potential should be
kept ready for use whenever required. Requirements in terms of
growth/diversification, internal movement of employees (transfer, promotions,
retirement , etc.) must also be assessed in advance. The possibilities of
absenteeism and turnover should be kept in mind while preparing the workforce
analysis. Frequent manpower audits must be carried out to find out the available
talent in terms of skills, performance, and potential.
65
ESTIMATED LABOUR SUPPLY IN A FIRM
Markov Analysis: This technique uses historical rates of promotions, transfer and turnover to estimate future availabilities in the work force. Based on past probabilities, one can estimate the number of employees who will be in various positions with the Organization in the future.
Skills inventory: A skills inventory is an assessment of the knowledge, skills, abilities,
experience and career aspirations of each of the current employees. This record should be
updated at least every two years and should include changes such as new skills,
additional qualifications, changed job duties etc. Of course, confidentiality is an
important issue in setting up such an inventory. Once established, such a record helps an
Organisation to quickly match forthcoming job openings with employee backgrounds.
b. External labour supply: When the Organization grows rapidly, diversifies into newer
areas of operations or when it is not able to find the people internally to fill the vacancies,
it has to look into outside sources. To the extent an organization is able to anticipate its
outside requirement needs and looks into possible sources of supply keeping the market
trends in mind, its problem in finding the right personnel with appropriate skills at the
required time would become easier. Organizations, nowadays, do not generally track the
qualifications of thousands of employees manually. Details of employees in terms of
knowledge, skills, experience, abilities etc., are computerized, using various packaged
software systems.
IMPORTANT BAROMETERS OF LABOUR SUPPLY66
Current Staffing
level
Transfers Promotions New Recruits Recalls Employees In
Current Projected outflows Projected Firm`s internal supply
Staffing level - this year + inflows this year = for this time next year
Sources of Inflows The Firm Projected Outflows
1. Net migration info and out of the area 2. Education levels of workforce 3. Demographic changes in population 4. Technological developments and shifts5. Population density6. Demand for specific skills7. National, regional unemployment rates8. Actions of competing employers9. Government policies, regulations, pressure10. Economic forecasts for the next few years11. The attractiveness of an area12. The attractiveness of an industry in a particular place
The
3. Determining Manpower Gaps
The existing number of personnel and their skills (from human resource inventory) are
compared with the forecasted manpower needs (demand forecasting) to determine the
quantitative and qualitative gaps in the workforce. A reconciliation of demand and supply
forecasts will give us the number of people to be recruited or made redundant as the case
may be. This forms the basis for preparing the HR plan.
4. Formulating HR plans:
Organizations operate in a changing environment. Consequently, human resource
requirements also change continually. Changes in product mix, union agreements,
competitive actions are some of the important things that need special attention. The
human resource requirements identified in an organization need to be translated into a
concrete HR plan, backed up by detailed policies, programmes and strategies
Recruitment plan: Will indicate the number and type of people required and
when they are needed; special plans to recruit people and how they are to be dealt
with via the recruitment programme.
Redeployment plan: Will indicate the programmes for transferring or retraining
existing employees for new jobs
67
Redundancy plan: Will indicate who is redundant, when and where; the plans for
retraining, where this is possible; and plans for golden handshake, retrenchment,
layoff, etc.
Training plan: Will indicate the number of trainees or apprentices required and
the programme for recruiting and training them; existing staff requiring training
or retraining; new courses to be developed or changes to be effected in existing
courses.
Productivity plan: Will indicate reasons for employee productivity or reducing
employee costs through simplification studies, mechanization, productivity
bargaining; incentives and profit sharing schemes, job redesign, etc.
Retention plan: Will indicate reasons for employee turnover and show strategies
to avoid wastage through compensation policies; changes in work requirements
and improvement in working conditions
Control points: The entire manpower plan be subjected to close monitoring from
time to time. Control points be set up to find out deficiencies, periodic updating of
manpower inventory, in the light of changing circumstances, be undertaken to
remove deficiencies and develop future plans.
68
Human Resource Process at Vijaya Diagnostics on the basis of Human resources Planning Model mentioned above:
1. Forecasting the demand for Human resources :
It is one of the forecasting techniques which is extensively used.HR needs can be
estimated by examining past trends. Past rates of change can be projected into the future
or employment growth can be estimated by its relationship with a particular index. Its
application at Vijaya Diagnostics is mentioned below.
Application of Trend Analysis at Vijaya Diagnostics
Workforce analysis: The average loss of manpower due to leave, retirement, death,
transfers, discharge, etc., during the last 5 years may be taken into account. The 69
2009-2010: NO. OF WORKING HOURS : 4800
NO. OF WORKERS PRESENT : 590
RATIO : 590:4800
2009-2010 ESTIMATED WORKING HOURS : 5840
NO. OF WORKERS REQUIRED : 5840*(590 /4800)=128(APPROX)
INTREPRETATION:
IF THE DEPARTMENT HEADS HAVE A SPAN OF 16 TECHNICIANS, 8 DEPARTMENT HEADS OR SUPERVISORS ARE ALSO REQUIRED.
application of Workforce analysis at Vijaya Diagnostics helps in deternining the loss of
its manpower and the main reasons behind their exit.
The application of Workforce analysis at Vijaya Diagnostics is mentioned below
TABLE SHOWING COMPARISION OF SERVICES OFFERED BY VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE AND OTHER PRIVATE DIAGNOSTIC CENTRES:
S.NO SERVICE
DIAGNOSTIC CENTRES
VIJAYA DR.LAL PATH CARE VIMTA LUCID SRL THYROCARE ELBIT1 BIOCHEMISTRY 2 Clinical Biochemistry NA NA
3 Routine Biochemistry NA 4 Immunology NA NA NA NA NA5 Hematology NA NA6 Serology NA NA NA NA7 Molecular Biology NA NA NA NA NA NA8 Microbiology NA NA
9 Radioimmunoassay NA NA NA
10Central Lab facility for Clinical Trials NA NA
11 Clinical Pathology NA NA
12Histopathology & Cytology
13 Cytogenetics 14 Toxic Metals 15 Immuno Phenotyping NA 16 RADIOLOGY MRI NA NA CT NA NA Digital X-Ray NA
78
Mammography NA NA
Ultrasound/Color Doppler NA
HSG NA IVU NA MCU NA Dental OPG NA NA
17 SPECIALITY LABS Flow Cytometry NA NA
Rt PCR based DNA detection NA NA NA
Chemiluminescence NA NA Immunofluoroscence NA NA Nephelometry NA NA
Immunohistochemistry NA NA NA 18 CARDIOLOGY ECG NA
2d echo cardiography NA
Colour Flow Studies NA
Doppler Evaluation NA TMT NA
19 EEG 20 ENMG NA 21 PFT NA 22 NUCLEAR MEDICINE
PET/CT GAMMA SCAN
NOTE:-The above information has been obtained through their Company portals
-SERVICE AVAILABLE
-SERVICE NOT AVAILABLE
NA- INFORMATION ABOUT SERVICE NOT AVAILABLE
Intrepretation:
From the above comparative analysis I found that services offered by most of the Private diagnostic centres differ from one another but, Vijaya Diagnostic Centre has provided various diagnostic procedures to the people.
79
TABLE SHOWING COMPARISION OF SERVICES OFFERED BY VIJAYA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE AND OTHER CORPORATE HOSPITAL NETWORKS:
S.NO SERVICES VIJAYA
ADITYA MYTHRI REMEDY ORANGE1 BIOCHEMISTRY 2 Clinical Biochemistry NA NA NA NA3 Routine Biochemistry NA NA NA NA4 Immunology NA 5 Hematology NA6 Serology NA7 Molecular Biology NA8 Microbiology 9 Radioimmunoassay
17 SPECIALITY LABS Flow Cytometry Rt PCR based DNA detection Chemiluminescence Immunofluoroscence Nephelometry Immunohistochemistry
18 CARDIOLOGY ECG 2d echo cardiography NA Colour Flow Studies NA Doppler Evaluation NA TMT NA
19 EEG NA NA 20 ENMG NA NA 21 PFT 22 NUCLEAR MEDICINE PET/CT GAMMA SCAN
NOTE:-The above information has been obtained through their Company portals
-SERVICE AVAILABLE
-SERVICE NOT AVAILABLE
NA- INFORMATION ABOUT SERVICE NOT AVAILABLE
Interpretation:
From the above Comparative analysis I found that some of the Corporate Hospital Networks also offer Diagnostics services. When we compare the services offered by them with Vijaya Diagnostics centre, Vijaya is ahead by providing most of the services better than them.
81
WORK-FLOW DIAGRAMS
CASH BILLING
TYPE -1 MEDICAL REPRESENTATIVE
82
Medical representative from other agencies
Sample verification
Meets the cash counter executive
No staIf the
sample is valid
Bring new sample
TYPE 2: PATIENT WITH PRESCRIPTION
83
Patient With Prescription visits VDC
Meets the cash counter executive
Executive Records the Demographic Details Of
Patient
Executive processes the bill
lab technician is
available
No sta
Patient has to wait for some time to undergo
the test
Bill will be processed and test the sample
Yes
CASH BILLING
TYPE3: PATIENT WITH DISCOUNT
84
Yes
Patient can undergo the test directly
Patient with recommendation for discount
Executive checks the prescription of Patient
Is prescription
valid
No
Yes
Discount is not applicable
Meets the cash counter executive
TYPE 4: MEDICAL REPRESENTATIVE /PATIENT`S QUERIES:
85
Process the bill with discount availed
Patient can undergo the test
Medical representatives or patients visits VDC regarding a
query
Meets the PRO
PRO clears their doubts
TYPE 5: CREDIT BILLING
86
Medical representatives from other agencies
Meets the cash counter executive
Medical representative gives the sample for
testing
Sample is sent for verification
Process the bill and doesn`t mention the amount
Valid Sample
No sta
Yes
Collect the new sample from the patient
2D-ECHO/TMT DEPARTMENT:
87
Sample is tested
Patient with bill and Doctor`s prescription meets the lab technician
Lab technician checks them
Patient has to re-submit the necessary details
Yes
Valid details
No
Patient collects the report form dispatch counter
Patient will undergo the test
Reports Are Sent to the Dispatch Counter
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
88
Sample collection
Sample separation
Cytology department
Separate the sample i.e., based on fasting and CUE
Sample processing
Reports are generated and sent to Typing department
srsr
Results are checked and sent to dispatch Counter
Checks the sample and bar coding
If any doubts arise during processing samples are
verified by concerned Doctor
Enter the details into system and then into Log book
review -1 by Sr.Technician
srsr
Authentication of reports by Doctor and sent to Typist
srsr
CYTOGENETICS
89
Patient approaches them directly
Technicians take the sample from the patient
Sample is tested
Reports are sent to Dispatch counter
CYTOLOGY&HISTOPATHOLOGY
90
Sample collection
Sample separation
Cytology department
Labeling and checks the patient history
Sample processing
Reports are generated and sent to Typing department
srsr
Results are checked and sent to dispatch Counter
Checks the sample and notes details in entry book
Labeling and reporting to Doctor for results generation
Separate the samples based on the test i.e., Cytology and
Biopsy
DISPATCH COUNTER
91
Customer or patient enters
the VDC
Customer or patient meets the Executive at the dispatch counter
Executive checks the prescription
Follow up to technical
department
Reports delivered
Report status
No
Yes
Status update
Customer has to come the next day
Report
delay
Reports are ready
ECG DEPARTMENT
92
Patient with bill and Doctor`s prescription meets the lab technician
Lab technician checks them
Patient has to re-submit the necessary details
Yes
Valid details
No
Patient collects the report form dispatch counter
Patient will undergo the test
Reports Are Sent to the Dispatch Counter
EEG/ENMG/PFT DEPARTMENT
93
Patient with bill and Doctor`s prescription meets the lab technician
Lab technician checks them
Patient has to re-submit the necessary details
Yes
Valid details
No
Patient collects the report form dispatch counter
Patient will undergo the test
Reports Are Sent to the Dispatch Counter
GAMMA SCAN
94
Patients meet the cash counter executive
Bill is processed and the executive directs them to the
lab
Patient collects the reports from the dispatch counter
Patients undergo the test
The report are sent to dispatch counter
Scanned images are reviewed by the reference consultants and they write the reports
HAEMATOLOGY
95
Sample collection
Sample separation
Haematology department
Sample processing
Results are entered into the worksheets
Results 1st review by Sr.Technician
srsr
Authentication by Doctor
tication
Results are sent to dispatch Counter
Checks the sample and notes the details i.e., signature and
time in entry book
Results are sent to typing department
srsr
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
96
Sample collection
Sample separation
Immunopathology department
Test the sample
Generated reports are sent to Dispatch counter
Patients collect their reports at Dispatch counter
MICROBIOLOGY
97
Sample collection
Sample separation
Microbiology department
Serology Bacteriology
Test the sample
Generated test values are entered into worksheets
Reports are sent to Dispatch counter through online
MRI /CT DEPARTMENT:
98
Patients collect their reports at Dispatch counter
Patients meet the executive at the cash counter
Patient collects the report from the dispatch counter
Executive directs them to MRI LAB
Patients take the appointment form the
receptionist
MRI Receptionist gives a test code to the
patient
Patient undergoes the test at specified time
Bill is processed and patient waits for the appointment
time
PET/CT
99
Patients who have to undergo this test meet PRO
PRO gives them appointment for the test
Patient collects the reports from the dispatch counter
Bill processing
Patients undergo the test
The report are sent to dispatch counter
Scanned images are reviewed by the reference consultants and they write the reports
SAMPLE COLLECTION
100
Patients meet the cash counter executive for giving the sample
Submits the necessary documents and bill processing is done
Lab technician affixes a barcode to the tubes for
collecting the sample
Patient collects the reports from the dispatch counter
The report are sent to dispatch counter
After the sample is collected technician directs them to
other tests if required
SAMPLE SEPARATION
101
Technicians collect the sample from the sample collection department and
other branches
Technicians keep the sample in centrifuge
Samples are sent to laboratory for testing
The test reports are sent to dispatch counter
ULTRASOUND
102
Patient meets the executive regarding the test
Executive directs them to the Ultrasound dept
Technician records details of patient i.e., name, in time,
out time, doctor`s name, part to be scanned
If No.of
tests >1
Patient undergoes the test
Patient has to wait for other tests to be conductedReports are generated and
sent to dispatch counter
X-RAY DEPARTMENT
103
Patients collect the test reports from the Dispatch counter
Reports are generated and sent to Dispatch counter
Patient with bill and Doctor`s prescription meets the lab technician