Project Report on DLD.

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IUBAT- International University ofBusiness Agriculture and Technology

Project-Report on:CSC 329

Logic Design & Switching Circuit

Project Name: Automatic vehicle crash notification system using GSM technology

Prepared for:Md. Hasibur Rashid Chayon

Instructor of Computer Science and Engineering

Prepared byName: Jobaeear Molla Fahim

Date of submission: 31st Mach 2014

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ID# 12103097

Program: BCSE

1.Abstract: The aim of this project is to detect thevehicle and mainly when the vehicle will be crashedor facing any accident then notification will comein mobile by using GSM. The notification might bean SMS or phone call or alarming system. The system(might be in GSM or GPS) modem or devices will beplaced inside vehicle system. The main purpose isto provide security to the vehicle and at the sametime give the security to the passengers of thevehicle.

If we consider about the accident or crash system thenmost of the case it is important that, we may not ableto know about crash because we don’t know whereaccident will happen. And after happening the accidentit also be unknown that where actually theaccident/crash happened. Finally another issue isimportant that, for giving the treatment of injuredpeople first we need to know where crash happenedthrough notification then we can send the news toambulance or police or an injured person’s related one.Here our system can be also like this that after crashthe vehicle automatically notification will go to


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nearest police station or nearest one’s cell phone orhospital. The process of working of this system will beuse with GSM modem, microcontroller and differentequipment. Accident or crash of a vehicle will beidentified by using a sensor from a vehicle.

Keywords: GSM-Global Service for Mobile communication; GPS-Globalpositioning System; SMS-Short Message Service.

2.Table of Content:

SL.

Name

Page

1 Abstract 2


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2 Table of Content 33 Introduction 4-54 Literature

review/study

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5 Design &

Description

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6 Implementation 17-187 Result 18-198 Future Work 19-209 Conclusion 2010 Reference 20-2111 Limitation 21


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3.Introduction:

After inventing the vehicle it’s the matter of sorrowof vehicle accident or crash. Now a day the vehiclecrash rate has been increasing day by day. Roadaccidents (vehicle crash) cause the major part of theaccident deaths all over the world especially inBangladesh. From a statistics it is seen that the theftrate has been increased by 54% compared with previousdecade. Beside this vehicle theft, vehicle crash alsoincreased. As because of when any vehicle theft thenthe thief wants to go as soon as possible, and thiscauses the crash. Also from an another statistics fromInsurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), new carsand it’s high-tech safety features have helped tolessen auto related deaths over the past twelve (12)years. But though it’s the credits of technology forlessening auto accidents, yet the IIHS can’t help byincreasing people’s awareness like bad driving, drunkendriving, speeding and not using seatbelts. That’s why“Automatic vehicle accident/crash notification system”is an embedded intelligence implanted into theautomobile.

The purpose of the project is to decrease the injury orrisk of any kind of vehicle crash by sendingnotification using GSM technology. In this work I amgoing to use the basic microcontroller AT89C52 orAT89C51 for cost effective and also for easyunderstanding. Also for easy understanding here the


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most perfect language can be assembly programming forbetter accuracy and GPS and GSM modules which helps totrace the vehicle anywhere on the globe. Here the reallocation that is fixed by time of the vehicle is sentto our remote devices (mobile phones) using GSM modem.This work is generally implemented by microcontrollerbased GSM communication.

Though my project-report is about “Automatic vehiclecrash notification system by using GSM” but here I havetaken the decision to do this with using both GSM andGPS system. As because of to send only notification ofcrash it is possible to do with GSM technology, buthere I am going to do a system that will notify us theaccident and the position of the accident. So for doingthis, both of the system (GPS and GSM) must need. GPSsystem for identifying the location of the vehicle andGSM system for notify that the vehicle is crashedalready!!!

The system might be interconnected with the vehiclealarm system and alert the owner or predefined one’s onhis mobile phone through SMS or Missed call. System iscomposed of a GPS receiver, Microcontroller and a GSMmodem. Also I am going to using American 24 standardsatellite system which consist of space segment, usersegment and control segment to find out the vehiclesposition using triangulation method and the GSM willused to send the location and crash news of thevehicle to our remote device- mobile phone. For a short


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functionality of the system, GPS receiver gets thelocation information from the satellite in the form oflatitude and longitude. After that the Microcontrollerprocesses the information and this processedinformation is sent to the GSM modem. Then finally theGSM modem sends the notification or information to thepredefined mobile phone.

4.Literature review/study:

In this section I am going to discuss about the systemequipment i.e. embedded system, GPS, GSM,microcontroller etc. Actually GPS means the GPSreceiver and the functionality of GPS system. Toexpress the GSM, I would like to discuss about thehistory of GSM, functionality of GSM and GSM modem.

4.1 >> Introduction to embedded system:

The combination of hardware and software used to doa single specific task is called a embedded system. So,an embedded system is a microcontroller based, softwaredriven, real-time control system. It can say as humanor network interactive, operating on diverse physicalvariables. `

An embedded system is not like a computer system thatis used for primarily processing, not a software systemon PC. It’s not like a traditional business orscientific application. There are two types of embedded


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system. High-end embedded system & lower-end embeddedsystems. Generally 32, 64 bit controllers used with OSis high-end embedded system. Example: Personal Digitalassistant and Mobile phones etc. The system that is forspecific task with not processing power like onemicrocontroller is called lower-end embedded system.Example: Washing Machine, Microwave Ovens.

4.2 >> Global Positioning system (GPS):

History: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is asatellite-based navigation system that is made up of anetwork of 24 satellite placed. This system was firstinvented by U.S. defense. It was used by only Americandepartment of defense up to 1980. So before 1980s thissystem was originally intended for militaryapplications. But after 1980s, the government made thissystem available for civilian use. But now a days thissystem is working in everywhere in the world.

Functionality: The GPS works in any types ofweather conditions, anywhere in the world. It isrunning on 24 hours in a day. There are not any setupcharges or subscription fees to use GPS though it is anetwork based system.

Velocity = Distance / time

Distance = velocity * Time


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Here velocity of the GPS signal is the speed of light,approximately three lacks kilometer per second 300000km/s.

GPS transmissions occur on a frequency in between of1575.42 and 1227.60 MHz both of these frequencies arewithin the L band.

The Global Positioning System satellites transmitsignals to the ground, then GPS receivers receive thatsatellite signals. GPS receivers do not transmit anysignals. GPS receivers need unobstructed view of thesky. So they are working in only outdoors. Often theyare not do perform well within forested areas ornearest tall buildings. Each GPS satellite transmitsdata that find out its original location and also thecurrent time. The signals moving at very high speedi.e. speed of light. Signals from satellite to GPSreceiver pass at slightly different times as because ofthe distance of some satellites are not further awaythan others. The distance to the GPS satellites can becalculated by estimating the amount of time taken forreaching signals to the receiver. The receiver’sestimates the distance to minimum four GPS satellite,it (receiver) can calculate its position in threedimensions.

There are at least 24 operational GPS satellites at alltimes. The satellite operated by the U.S. department ofDefense. It maintain with orbit of a period of 12 hours


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(two orbits per day) at a height of about 11500milesmoving at near 2000 mph.

The accuracy of a Global Positioning System (GPS)depends on the type of its used receiver. Most handheld GPS units have a range of 10-20 meter accuracy.

4.3 >> Global System for Mobile communication:

History: Global System for Mobile communication(GSM) is a digital mobile telephone system that iswidely used in Europe and other parts of the world.This is globally accepted standard for digital cellularcommunication. GSM is the standardization group nameestablished in 1982 to create a common European mobiletelephone standard. The European used mobile cellularradio system operating at 900 MHz . The Europeanthought that countries outside of the Europe will jointhe GSM partnership. Cellular is the one of fastestgrowing and demanding telecommunications applications.GSM used a variation of Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA). It is the most widely used of the three digitalwireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM and CDMA).GSM operates at a range of 900 MHz or 1800 MHzfrequency band. GSM has about more than one billionusers in worldwide. GSM technology is available in morethan 190 countries in the world.


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Functionality:

GSM is a cellular network, that is means that mobilephone connect to it. GSM network is operate in fourdifferent frequency ranges but most GSM networksoperate in the 900 and 1800MHz bands because this twobands were already allocated. For the 900 MHz band theuplink frequency band is 890-915 MHz, and the downlinkfrequency band is 930-960 MHz. This 25 MHz issubdivided into 124 carrier frequency channels. Eachspaced 200 KHz apart. Here Time division multiplexingis used to allow eight-full-rate or 16-half-rate speechchannels per radio frequency channel. There are 8 radiotimeslots grouped into what is called TDMA frame. Halfrate channels usually use alternate frames in the sametimeslot. This channel data rate is generally 270.833Kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615ms. And thetransmission power in the handset is limited to maximumof 2 watts in GSM 850/900 and 1 watt in GSM 1800/1900.

Though the evolution of cellular telecommunications,various systems have been developed without the benefitof standardized specifications. This creates manyproblems directly to compatibility, especially with thedevelopment of radio technology. So the GSM standard isintended to address these problems. From 1982-1985discussion were held to decide between building an


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analog and digital system. But after doing multiplefields tests, a digital system was developed for GSM.GSM has used a variety of voice codec’s to 3.1 KHzaudio into between 5.6 and 13 Kbit/s.

Feature:

Mobile frequency Range Rx : 925-960; Tx : 880-915 Multiple Access Method : TDMA/FDM Duplex method : FDD Number of channels : 24 ( 8 users per

channel) Channel speaking :200 KHz Modulation : GMSK (0.3Gaussian Filter) Channel bit rate : 270.833 kb.

4.4>> Operational Circuit: In this system I am might begoing to use this combinational circuit given below:


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5.Design & Description: To describe the whole systemI am going to describe some equipment which isneeded to complete this system. Those equipmentsare describe below:

5.1>> AT89S52 Microcontroller

Microcontroller is made for doing specific task. It cancontrol any task that is defined itself by programming.Generally it understands the programming language likeAssembly language. However some microcontrollers areunderstands also other languages. In the world thereare many types of microcontrollers made for muchspecific purpose. Here I am going to describe theAT89S52 microcontroller.

This AT89S52 microcontroller is a low power and highperformance CMOS and with 8-bit capability. It is a 8kilobytes of in system programmable Flash memory. Thisdevice is manufactured using high-density andnonvolatile memory technology. It is compatible withthe industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-clip Flash that is situated inmicroprocessor allows the program memory to be re-programmed in system. That means after execute the taskprogrammer can give them another task by changingprogramming. That is known as a conventionalnonvolatile memory programmer. If the Atmel AT89S52will be combined with versatile 8-bit CPU with in-


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system programmable flash on a monolithic chip, than it(AT89S52 microcontroller) will become a powerfulmicrocontroller. Not only it becomes the powerful onebut also it will provide a highly flexible and cost-effective solution for many embedded controlapplications. Also the microprocessor AT89S52 providesmany standard features like those that are given below:

8 Kilo bytes of In-system programmable (ISP)Flash memory.

Compatible with MCS-51 products. Voltage range is 4.0V to 5.0V. Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz It has three-level Program Memory lock. It has also 256* 8 –bit Internal RAM. 32 Programmable I/O (Input-Output) lines. There are three 16-bit Timer or Counters. It has Eight Interrupt Sources. Full Duplex UART Serial Channel. It has the advantage of low-power idle and

power-down Modes. Interrupt recovery from Power-down Mode. Watchdog Timer. Dual data pointer. Flag for Power-off. Important thing is Fast Programming Time. Flexible ISP Programming(Byte and Page Mode)


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So, in addition the AT89S52 is designed with staticlogic for operation down to zero frequency and supporttwo software selectable power saving modes. The Idlemode stops at the CPU while allowing the RAM,timer/counter, serial port, and interrupts system tocontinue functioning. Here, the Power-down mode savesthe RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disablingall other chip functions until the next interrupt orhardware reset.


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5.2>> Pin Diagram for AT89S52 microprocessor

The pin diagram for the proposed microprocessor AT89S52is given below:

5.3>> RS-232

We know that, there are two types of data transfersystem. One of them is Serial mode and another one isparallel mode. Information is being transferred betweendata processing equipment and peripherals are in theform of digital data by either first mode or secondmode of data transfer system.


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In parallel data transfer system more data’s aretransmitted once at a time. There have once more datapath for transmitting the data from one medium toanother. The examples of parallel data transfer areconnection between test instruments, computer, printeretc.

Whereas the serial data transfer is use just one datapath to send or receive data. It just sent one data ata time. Most of the cases it just sent one bit at atime. The example of serial data transmission can bethe computer to modem connection.

To transfer data with parallel mode, as many lines asthere are bits in a word being transmitted that is ifthe word is 8-bit then a minimum of 8 lines are needed.But it takes fewer times than serial data transfer.Serial is beneficial only when it requires to send thedata to a long distance communications. But theparallel transfer is designed only for short distancecommunications and the very high speedy transmissionrates.

5.4>> Sensor:

Sensor is like the equipment that can take some valueor decision from different situation. It is called thesensor as because of it senses from situation. Here for


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doing this project different sensor can be used.Suppose for identifying the vehicle that is ingenerally well or in any problem like accident or crashthe sensor can help. For this purpose heat sensor canhelp by taking heat of engine at a certain time or whenthe owner wants. If the vehicle crash then thetemperature of the engine will be increase rapidly. Soif we can set a program like this that whenever thesensor will get temperature high (any fixedtemperature) it will send information to any of thedevices that can be any buzzard or alarming system orany SMS/Missed call by using GSM modem.

Another sensor would be like this that can detect thefire. Let consider any system that the vehicle iscrashed. Then generally it produces the fire. Becauseif collision happens then the engine goes for fire. Andalways it causes the human death. So if there is asensor to detect the engine fire then it can sendinformation to the author or ambulance or policestation by the GSM modem. Then it will erase the humandeath after the crash.

The sensor also might be a high sound detector sensor.When any crash happens with a vehicle or in betweenvehicles then it produces a louder sound. So here thework of a sensor is to take the sound when produce andgive the information to the GPS modem. Suppose when the


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crash happens it will produce some extra sound thannormal. So In a combinational circuit if we can set asound detect sensor then it can also help the system toidentify that is it ok or in trouble that is crashed!

5.5>> Circuit Diagram

The total project working circuit would be like this.The description of this circuit diagram will bedescribe on later.

Fig: Circuit diagram for the system.


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5.6>> Circuit Operation:

This project is about vehicle crash notification systemby using GSM technology that is means also vehiclepositioning and navigation system. So to get the properposition of the vehicle we need to use the GPS system.That’s why here I am decided to do this project byusing both GPS and GSM technology. We can detect thevehicle around the globe with differentmicrocontroller. But here the most perfectmicrocontroller might be AT89S52 I think. The code iswritten in the internal memory of microcontroller thatis ROM. It processes the instruction by the help ofinstruction set. This is acts as interface between GSMand GPS with the help of serial communication of 8052mc. According to functionality we know that, GPS alwaystransmits the data and GSM transmits and also receivethe data.

GPS pin TX is connected to microcontroller throughMAX232 and GSM pins TX and RX are connected tomicrocontroller with serial ports. Microcontrollercommunicates by through serial communication. First ittakes the data from the GPS receiver from satellite andthen sends the information to the owner orpredetermined person with the help of GSM modem by SMSor Phone call or missed call. It also can alarm aftergetting notification of information.


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GPS receiver works on 9600 baud rate is used to receivethe data from space segment that is from satellite. TheGPS values of different satellite are sent to themicrocontroller AT89S52 simultaneously. Then from themicrocontroller these are processed and forwarded toGSM. At the time of processing GPS receives onlyvalues. From these values microcontroller takes onlylatitude and longitude values excluding time, name ofthe satellite, authentication etc. GSM is a GlobalSystem for Mobile communication in this project it justacts receiver and sender for SMS or alarming system orMissed call. EEPROM is an Electrically Erasable readonly memory which stores the mobile number.

The power is supplied to components like GSM, GPS andmicrocontroller circuitry using a 12V/3.2A battery orelectric source. Here GSM requires 12V only but rest ofthem requires 5V only. This power can be regulated bythe help of regulator.

5.7>> Operating procedure:

For store a number into the kit:

I. Place a jumper at the pin no. 32 “store number”that is shown in the circuit diagram.

II. Then switch on the kit.


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III. If there is a LCD display then have to waituntil the message “Waiting for Call” show onthe LCD display.

IV. Now call from the mobile number from the owneror which determined as the number.

V. After this we have to wait until the message“Number stored” will show on LCD.

VI. Then jumper has to remove.

5.8>> Normal Operation:

I. First have to turn on the switch of the kit andwait until see the Latitude and Longitude onthe display.

II. Then have to give a call from any mobilenumber.

III. For any emergency cases the user can press theButton to sent the location to the numberstored.


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6.Implementation:

To implement this project system according to my goalor objective their needs both of GPS and GSMtechnology. Also it have to do outside of the doormust. Because we know according to the functionality ofGPS system that, it need unobstructed sky forcommunicate with the satellite networks. So it shouldhave to keep this system under the sky. That meanswherever the system located in the vehicle that have tostay without any obstruct. Finally the system will workproperly if the GPS receiver can take the datainformation simultaneously from the satellite. Then itwill send the information into GSM modem. The GSM modemcan receive the data only and send it again to remotedevice i.e. mobile phone or alarming system. GSM modemhas only the input and output power to communicate withthe remote device without any kind of power and displaymonitor.

Also to implement this project we might usemicrocontroller AT89C52. This microcontroller used with128 kilo byte Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM. It isalso known as 80C51 microcontroller. The X2 mode optionis the key feature of this microcontroller. Designengineer can choose to run the application with theconventional 80C51 clock rate. It has the functionalityof 12 clocks per machine cycle. If the select mode is


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X2 then it will be 6 clocks per machine cycle. Toachieve twice the throughput at the same clockfrequency. Another way to benefit from this feature isto keep the same performance by reducing the clockfrequency by half.

Flash program memory supports both parallel programmingand in serial In-System Programming (ISP). Parallelprogramming mode offers gang-programming at high speed,reducing programming costs and time. ISP allows adevice to be reprogrammed in the end product of undersoftware control system. So, the capability tofield/update the application firmware makes a widerange of applications possible.

7.Result:

After completing the project successfully we will getthe fully system like this. Then the system will beenable to do the proposed work that is it will be ableto sent notification to the owner mobile number or bythrough alarm. The image of the whole project is givenbelow:


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Figure: The whole system with using properlyGSM, GPS and LCD.


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Figure: Snapshot figure with sensor.

8.Future Work:


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Now a day the situation in our country is not goodaccording to vehicle transport. Accident is happeningregularly. And the peoples are also dying. So if we canstand a technology based system for our country likethe abroad then I think the bad effect of crash oraccident will decrease. So for this types of workeffect should be taken by the government. But forprimarily we can start this procedure in our IUBAT bussystem. In our IUBAT there are around 30 buses. Fromthere in every hour there are shuttle services. So withthe basic I might be use my project theory on that.

In the future I will try to do this whole project inpractically. That means it can start in locally fortesting in any type of vehicle. Already in developedcountries this system is running. So I actually tryingto do this by follow them i.e. their technology.

9.Conclusion:

A working model of Automatic vehicle crash notificationsystem by using a GPS and GSM modems has beenimplemented successfully. The biggest advantage of myproject is, whenever the sensor is activate we will beimmediately getting the acknowledgement from GSM modemto our mobile number which are stored in EEPROM.

An automatic vehicle crash notification system isdesigned in this paper. It can shorten the alarm time


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greatly and locate the accident or crash spotaccurately. Realizing the automation of accidentdetection and information transmission. Consequently,it will save the time for searching the vehicle. Theexperiments of model car’s or any vehicle collision androllover proved that this system can automaticallydetect corresponding accident and sent relatedinformation. Those types of functions can achieved bybuttons representing “false alarm”, “help” and“safety”, respectively.

10. Reference:

As for the insufficient knowledge in practically workand use of equipment, most of the knowledge has sharedfrom internet (web) and different books. Here somesources are given following:

1)Faculty: Mr.Hasibur Rahman Chayan2)Books: Different Books of CSE and EEE from IUBAT

library.

3)Web: www.ijser.org/

[email protected]


http://www.ijser.org/

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11. Limitation:

Here though the project successfully designed in thisproject report but still there is limitation forimplement this in real life project. As because of thisare might be many cause. One of them is lack ofknowledge. We don’t have the enough knowledge regardingthe topics. The equipment also those have to use inthis project to successfully run is not available inour location.

Also another limitation is the GPS and GSM technology.Here generally in our Bangladesh we are not very muchfamiliar with those technologies. Though there areadvantages of participation in GPS satellite channeland GSM technology, but it is quite tuff job to dothis.


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