7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
1/72
@JNRFNRP
@me|rf Nj45 INR_JBV@RIJN
@me|rf Nj4? @JH\ENY \_JCIAF
@me|rf Nj40 \_JBV@R \_JCIAF
@me|rf Nj42 OEDED \AERINE (E AEY
JVR
@me|rf Nj46 @JNPVHF_ OFMESIJV_
@me|rf Nj42 JODF@RISFP
@me|rf Nj46 BERE ENEAYPIP #
INRF_\_FRERIJNP
@me|rf Nj43 CINBINGP
@me|rf Nj47 PVGGFRIJNP
Ennf}vf 4 UVFPRIJNNEI_F
OIOAIJG_E\MY
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
2/72
IH\J_REN@F JC EVRJ HJOIAFP
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
3/72
Cjh bewn rj bvpk! bey rj bey! in fsfyjnfp aicf! e`risirifp
`eifb jvr oy hen insjasf hjsing cjh jnf |ae`f rj enjrmf.
Rmip hey of firmf gjjbp j hen mihpfac. Eaa rmf wenrp enb nffbp
jc hfn ef njr eseiaeoaf er ehp bipren`f enb eapj ir ip njr
|jppioaf cj eny jnf rj oviab e wjab cj mih. Rj hffr rmjpf nffbp
enb wenrp! renp|jrerijn mep of`jhf nf`fppey in fsfy jnfp
aicf.
Insfnrijnp oy feaif hen ef rmf fpvar jc rjbeyp hjpr
pj|mipri`erfb! `jnsfnifnr enb rmf prerf(jc(er. Rf`mnjajgy in evrj
hjoiafp jn rmf Inbien ep wfaa ep cjfign jebp. Wirm rmf
|j|vaerijn
in`feping e|ibay! rmf evrjhjoiafp inbvpry eapj geinfb
hjhfnrvh. Njr rj hfnrijn! njw evrj hjoiafp mesf offn f|ae`fb
ep av}vy irfh rj jnf jc rmf oepi` ehfnirifp in aicf.
Ir wep eojvr mvnbfbp jc yfep egj! wmfn hen vpfb e |ei jc
ajgp enb pmffr jc wjjb j jrmf nervea herfiea |ae`fb jn rmf ajgp
cj hjsing rmingp cjh jnf |ae`f rj enjrmf enb ecrf rmf wmffa
wep insfnrfb oy rmf Ajb \jrrf! cvrmf rmf bfsfaj|hfnrp
rjjk |ae`f in rmip bif`rijn enb henveaay j|ferfb `erp wff pffn
ep rjja cj renp|jrerijn enb rmfn rmf enihea |vaafb `erp enb pj
jn.
Heny bfsfaj|hfnrp `jvab of pffn reaking |ae`f er e e|ib
|e`f wmfn Cjb wirm mip oiaaienr insfnrijn! ojvgmr e gfer
fsjavrijn in rmf renp|jr enb evrjhjoiaf inbvpry. Cjb cj rmf
cipr rihf wep pv``fppcva in insfnring e |jwf bisfn sfmi`af.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
4/72
Rmf gjwrm enb hjhfnrvh gfnferfb in rmf aerf meac jc
figmrifp ip pignici`enr wirm gjwing nffbp enb bfhenbp. Seijvp
ry|fp jc sfmi`afp wff |jbv`fb in |eeaafa rj pvir rmf `menging
reprfp enb bfsfaj|fb rmf hjpr `jnsfnifnr enb `jhcjr sfmi`af
hjbfap jnf ecrf rmf jrmf.
Ic Inbie ip rj e``faferf inbvpriea gjwrm enb e`mifsf e
hedj pmef in irp `jh|jpirijn jc f}|jrp in cesjv jc ebbfb
|jbv`rp! inbvprifp aikf evrjhjoiafp mesf rj eppvhf e
fp|jnpioiairy.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
5/72
@JH\ENY \_JCIAF
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
6/72
Oeded ip jnf jc Inbienp rj| rfn `jh|enifp in rfhp jc
hekfr `e|ireaiterijn enb ehjng rmf rj| cisf in rfhp jc rvnjsf.
Oeded ip rmf Rj| Cjvrm evrjhjoiaf `jh|eny in rwj enb
rmff wmffaf pfghfnr. Ir wep fpreoaipmfb in 5926! ir wep
in`j|jerfb ep e rebing `jh|eny. Cjh 592= riaa 5969! ir
ih|jrfb p`jjrfp enb rmff wmffafp cjh Ireay enb pjab rmfh in
Inbie. Ir rmfn joreinfb e |jbv`rijn ai`fnpf in 5969 enb prv`k e
rf`mni`ea `jaaeojerijn wirm \ieggij jc Ireay in 593
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
7/72
Rmf @jh|enyp pf`jnb |aenr wep pfr v| in 59=2 er
Evengeoeb! in Hemeepre Prerf. In rmip |aenr! p`jjrf
|jbv`rijn `jhhfn`fb in 59=3;rmff wmffafp |jbv`rijn
`jhhfn`fb in 59=7 enb p`jjrffrrfp enb hjrj`y`af ce`iairifp wff
`jhhippijnfb in 5995 fp|f`risfay.
Cjh 5935 wmfn rmf ennvea |jbv`rijn wep eojvr 2
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
8/72
Oeded Evrj mep e rf`mni`ea rif(v| wirm Kewepeki Mfesy
Inbvprifp jc de|en rj |jbv`f e engf jc rmf aerfpr! prerf(jc(er
rwj(wmffafp in Inbie. Pin`f rmf rif(v| in 59=3! Oeded Evrj mep
aevn`mfb KO 5@eaiof 556! Winb 5?6 enb Inbiep cipr fea `vipf oikf! rmf
Kewepeki Oeded Faihinerj.
E Cjrvnf 6
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
9/72
OEDED \_JBV@R _ENGF
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
10/72
5. Oeded p`jjrfp
?. Oeded Oj}f
0. Oeded Oj}f @R! ER! E_
2. Oeded @eaiof
6. Oeded Faihinerj
3. Oeded Winb 5?6
7. Oeded Bip`jsfy BRP(I
=. Oeded @R ( 5
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
11/72
pmi| uveairifp enb mep e oenb jc bfsjrfb enb wjk hinbfb precc!
wmjpf nehfp ef hfnrijnfb jsfafec4
_emva Oeded @meihen
Hebmv Oeded Si`f @meihen
_edis Oeded Heneging Bif`rj
Pendis Oeded F}f`vrisf Bif`rj
_endir Gv|re Si`f \fpibfnr -Inpven`f)
@.\.Ri|ermi Si`f \fpibfnr -J|ferijnp)
N.M. Mingjeni Si`f \fpibfnr -J|ferijnp)
Kfsin Bpe Si`f \fpibfnr-Cinen`f)
\ebff| Pmiseprese Si`f \fpibfnr-Fnginffing)
P.Pibme Si`f \fpibfnr-Hekfring # Peafp ?
Wmffafp)
S.P._egmesen Si`f \fpibfnr-@j|jerf Cinen`f)
P._esiKvhe Si`f \fpibfnr-Ovpinfpp
Bfsfaj|hfnr)
K.Pinisep Si`f \fpibfnr-Mvhen _fpjv`fp)
Eoemeh Djpf|m Gfnfea Henegf-_fpfe`m #
Bfsfaj|hfnr)
D.Pibme @jh|eny Pf`frey
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
12/72
OEDED \AERINE (E AEY JVR
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
13/72
Oeded \aerine wirm fafgenr \aerinvh piasf `jaj enb
`mjhf ge|mi`p! ip `er`ming rmf fyfp jc heny cini`ky oikf ajsfp.
Ge|mi` rinr fnginf enb renphippijn wirm oae`k piafn`f ef feaay
`e|risering rmf sifwfp.
Rj ebb hjf efprmfri` seavf rj rmip oikf! ir ip cvrmv
euvi||fb wirm f}`avpisf prfek bfpign pibf |enfap enb paffk ef
|enfap wirm cavib geo eia bfpign.
Jrmf hfnrijneoaf cfervfp cj heking rmip oikf hjf
faieoaf ef4
@mjhf mfer pmifab enb
Ennvae `mjhf ingp mjvpfb i e p|jry `jnpjaf.
Irp aigmring eengfhfnr aikf j|rj|iph mfeb `afe afnp
oainkf ip fn`jh|eppfb mff cj pecf ibing.
RF@MINI@EA P\F@ICI@ERIJN
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
14/72
Bihfnpijn # wfigmr
Jsfeaa mfigmr 5
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
15/72
_fe Bvh ry|f! 55< hh*50< hh
Ry|fp
Cjnr ?.76$57!25\
_fe 0.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
16/72
@JNPVHF_ OFMESIJV_
@jnpvhf Ofmesijv ip e hij in wmi`m fsfy jnf pmjwp
mip -j) mf ihegf. Ofmesjiv ip rmf |j`fpp jc fp|jnbing rj
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
17/72
prihvai. @jnpvhf Ofmesijv ip rj bj wirm rmf e`risirifp jc
inbisibveap in joreining enb vping rmf gjjbp # pfsi`fp; ir
fn`jh|eppfp rmf bf`ipijn heking |j`fpp rmer |f`fbfp enb
bfrfhinfp |v`mepfp. Ir ip Rmf |j`fpp wmff oy inbisibveap
bf`ibf wmfrmf! wmer! wmfn! wmff! mjw enb cjdh wmjh rj
|v`mepf gjjbp enb pfsi`fp. @jnpvhf Ofmesijv jc |jrfnriea
`vrjhfp ep rmfy of`ehf ewef jc! fseaverf |v`mepf enb rfaa
jrmfp eojvr rmf |jbv`rp j pfsi`fp.
Rmf rfh `jnpvhf ofmesijv fcfp rj rmf Ofmesijv rmer
`jnpvhf bip|aeyp in pfe`ming! |v`meping! vping! fseavering enb
bip|jping jc |jbv`rp enb pfsi`fp rmer f}`f|r wiaa peripcy rmfi
nffbp.
Rmf prvby jc @jnpvhf Ofmesijv ip rmf prvby jc mjw
inbisibveap hekf bf`ipijnp rj p|fnb rmfi eseaieoaf fpjv`fp
-rihf! hjnfy! fccjr) jn `jnpvh|rijn faerfb rfhp rfhp. Ir
in`avbf rmf prvby jc wmer rmfy ovy! mjf jcrfn rmfy ovvy enb mjw
jcrfn rmfy vpf ir.
@jnpvhf fpfe`m |jsibfp rmf oepip cj rmf bfsfaj|hfnr
jc nfw |jbv`r enb pfsi`fp `jn`f|rp rj hffr `jnpvhf regfr
nffbp. Ir eapj fneoafp rmf hekfrf rj oviab `jnpvhf hfening
inrj rmf |jbv`r j pfsi`f.
Oy bip`jsfing wmi`m erriovrfp ef hjpr ih|jrenr rj rmf
aegf hekfr enb inrfgerfb rmfh inrj rmf |jbv`r j pfsi`f
bfpign.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
18/72
CE@RJ_P INCAVFN@ING @JNPVHF_
OFMESIJV_
Rmf cjaajwing rmf ce`rjp rmer incavfn`ing `jnpvhf er rmf
rihf jc
|v`mepf.
5. @varvea Ce`rjp
?. Pj`iea Ce`rjp
0. \fpjnea Ce`rjp
5) @varvea Ce`rj
e. @varvf4 @varvf ip rmf hepr oepi` cvnbehfnrea bfrfhinenr
jc e |fpjnp wenrp enb ofmesijv. _igmr cjh rmf rihf jc mip
oirm! e `miab gjwp v| in e pj`ifry afening e `frein pfr jc seavfp!
|f`f|rijnp! |fcffn`fp! ofmesijv enb `vprjhp.
o. Pvo(`varvf4 Fe`m `varvf wiaa `jnrein pheaaf gjv|p
jc pvo `varvf rmer |jsibf hjf p|f`ici` ibfnrici`erijn enb
pj`ieaiterijn cj irp hfhofp.
`. Pj`iea @aepp4 Pj`iea `aepp hey rekf rmf cjh jc e
`eprfpyprfh! wmff rmf hfhofp jc biccffnr `eprfp ef fefb cj
`frein jafp enb `ennjr `mengf rmfi `eprf rmfi `eprf
hfhofpmi|.
?) Pj`iea Ce`rjp
e. _fcffn`f Gjv|p4 E |fpjnp fcffn`f gjv|p ef
rmjpf gjv|p rmer mesf e bif`r j inbif`r incavfn`f jn e |fpjn.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
19/72
Mf `jvab `jh|ipf jc |fj|af wirm wmjh mf inrfe`rp jn e
`jnrinvjvp oepf pv`m ep cehiay! cifnbp! nfigmojvp enb
`jaafegvfp.
o. Cehiay4 Hfhofp jc rmf ovyf cehiay `en f}f`ipf e
prjng incavfn`f jn rmf ovyfp ofmesijv. Hekfrfp ef
inrffprfb in rmf jafp enb faerisf incavfn`f jc rmf mvpoenb! wicf!
`miabfn enb |efnrp jn rmf |v`mepf jc aegf seifry jc |jbv`rp
enb pfsi`fp.
`. _jaf enb prervp4 E |fpjn ip e hfhof jc heny
gjv|p(cehiay! `avop! jgeniterijn fr`.! enb rmf |fpjnp |jpirijn
in fe`m gjv| `en of bfcinfb in rfhp jc jaf enb prervp.
0) \fpjnea Ce`rjp
e. Egf enb pryaf jc aicf `y`af4 \fj|afp `mji`f jc gjjbp
enb pfsi`fp `mengf jsf rmfi aicfrihf. Rmip `mengf `en of
jopfsfb igmr cjh rmfi `miabmjjb rj herviry fp|f`ieaay in reprf
enb |fcffn`f faerfb rj `ajrmp! cvnirvf enb f`ferijn
e`risirifp.
o. J``v|erijn4 E |fpjnp j``v|erijn mep e bif`r fccf`r
jn mip `mji`f jc gjjbp enb pfsi`fp. E `afk wiaa |v`mepf |jbv`rp
wmi`m ef f`jnjhi`ea enb njr ovn mip |j`kfr; wmff ep e rj|
f}f`vrisf wiaa |v`mepf f}|fnpisf gjjbp enb pfsi`fp.
`. F`jnjhi` @jnpibferijnp4 E |fpjnp f`jnjhi`
`i`vhpren`fp `jnpipr jc mip*mf p|fnb eoaf in`jhf pesingp enb
eppfrp eoiairy rj ojjw enb errirvbf rjwebp p|fnbing sfpvp
pesing.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
20/72
b. Aicf Pryaf4 E |fpjnp aicf pryaf fcfp jn rmf |fpjnp
|errfn jc aising f}|fppfb rmjvgm mip*mf e`risirifp! inrffprp! enb
j|inijnp.
f. \fpjneairy enb pfac `jn`f|r4 Fe`m |fpjn mep gjr e
biprin`risf |fpjneairy wmi`m wiaa incavfn`f mip*mf ovying
ofmesijv.
c. Hjriserijn4 Hjriserijn `en of peib rj of rmf innf bisf
rmer ip pvcci`ifnr |fpping enb bif`rp rmf |fpjnp rj pffk
peripce`rijn jc rmf nffb.
g. \f`f|rijnp4 \f`f|rijn ip rmf |j`fpp jc pfaf`ring!
jgeniting enb inrf|fring j erre`ming hfening rj fsfnrp
me||fning in fnsijnhfnr.
m. Afening4 Afening bfp`iofp `mengfp in inbisibveap
ofmesijv eiping cjh f}|fifn`f. Afening rmfjiprp pey rmer e
|fpjnp afening ip |jbv`fb rmjvgm rmf inrf|aey jc bisfp!
prihvai! `vfp! fp|jnpf enb fincj`fhfnr.
i. Ofaifc enb Errirvbfp4 E ofaifc ip rmf rmjvgmr rmer
|fpjn mjabp eojvr pjhfrming. En errirvbf `en of peib rj of e
|fpjnp fnbving cesjeoaf j vncesjeoaf `jgnirisf fseaverijn!
fhjrijnea cffaingp enb e`rijn rfnbfn`ifp rjwebp pjhf jodf`r j
ibfe.
Rmf eojsf ce`rjp hekf rmf `jnpvhf rj |fcf e |eri`vae
|jbv`r enb pj rmer mf |fcf rmf |jbv`r cj vriairy.
PRF\P INSJASFB IN OVYING \_J@FPP
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
21/72
Rmf cjaajwing ef rmf prf|p insjasfb in Ovyf \j`fpp4(
NFFB _F@JGNIRIJN
INCJ_HERIJN PFE_@M
FSEAVERIJN ENB INRFNRIJN
\V_@MEPF BF@IPIJN
\JPR \V_@MEPF OFMESIJ_
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
22/72
JODF@RISFP JC RMF PRVBY
5. Rj cinb jvr fepjnp cj rmf |v`mepf jc oeded |aerine
?. Rj cinb jvr incavfn`f jc ebsfripfhfnrp * cifnbp fr`.! in
|v`mepf bf`ipijn.
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
23/72
0. Rj cinb wmer hebf `jnpvhf rj |v`mepf rmf oeded |aerine.
2. Rj cinb jvr rmf cfervfp rmer ef erre`rfb oy rmf |v`mepf
jc oeded |aerine.
6. Rj cinb jvr rmf afsfa jc peripce`rijn wirm |i`f jc oeded
|aerine.
3. Rj knjw wmfrmf rmfy |jhjrf oeded |aerine rj jrmfp j
njr.
7. Rj insfprigerf rmf afsfa jc peripce`rijn wirm rmf pfsi`f
fnbffb oy rmf bfeaf.
=. Rj knjw rmf afsfa jc peripce`rijn oy rmf |fcjhen`f jc
Oeded \aerine.
9. Rj re`f jvr rmf |joafhp in Oeded \aerine.
5
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
24/72
NVHOF_ JC _FP\JNBFNRPMESING OIKF
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
25/72
Incfrfn`f4(
Crjh mf eojsf eoaf wf `en`jn`avbf me 7=& jc _fp|jnbfnpmesf oikfp enb ??& j _fp|jnbfnp
bjn mesf oikfp enb mfy erf|aenning j ovy.
Pjvr`f4( Uvfpijnneirf
Nj.jc_fp|jnbf
nrp
_fp|jnbfnrp in &
Yfp 7= 7=&Nj ?? ??&
Rjrea 5
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
26/72
NVHOF_ JC _fp|jnbfnp
MESING SIKF
Yfp ! 7=&
Nj! ??&
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
27/72
HE_KFR PME_F JC BICCF_FNR
@JH\ENIFP
Nj jc_fp|jnbfnrp
_fp|jnbfnrp in &
?= ?=&
05 05&5< 5
7/31/2019 Project Report on Auto Mobiles
28/72
rvnning `jh|enifp R.S.P enbYeheme jmfr `jh|enifp.
Pjvr`f4( Uvfpijnneirf
HE_KFR PME_F JC BICCF_FNR@JH\ENIFP
? =
0 5
5