Page: 1 Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere (Researcher project - POLARPROG) Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1 Applicant Project Owner Institution / company (Norwegian name) Universitetet i Oslo Faculty Matematisk Naturvitenskapelig Fakultet Institute Institutt for Geofag Department Address P.O. Box 1022 Blindern Postal code 0315 City Oslo Country Norge E-mail [email protected]Website http://www.mn.uio.no/geo/ Enterprise number 971035854 eAdministration Project administrator First name Nils Roar Last name Sælthun Position/title Director Phone +47 228 56767 E-mail [email protected]Confirmation ✔ The application has been approved by the Project Owner Project manager First name Terje
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Page: 1Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Project title Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrialcryosphere
Primary and secondary objectives of the project
Primary and secondary objectives
To improve our understanding, quantification and parametrizations ofthe interactions between Atmospheric climate forcing and the terrestrialcryosphere through surface fluxes.
Sub-objectivesImprove the understanding of the distribution and deposition of atmosphericspecies, relevant for the surface energy balance, clouds, ground thermalregime and glacier mass balance and flux in the Arctic.
Quantify the surface climate forcing for the terrestrial cryosphere, currentlyand for the near future. The direct effect and the aerosol indirect effectsfrom black carbon (BC) and other short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) on thesurface fluxes will be particularly investigated.
Page: 3Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
Improve process understanding and model representation of the coupledpermafrost -atmosphere system on different scales.
To enhance the understanding and model representation of surfaceprocesses and ice dynamics, especially the role of basal processes,governing the response of Svalbard glaciers to climate forcing.
Project summary
Project summary
Models predict a polar amplification of climate change due to regionalfeedbacks changing the cryosphere and affecting the local surface energybalance. To mitigate the observed rapid changes measures to reduceemissions of short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) have been proposed bypolicy makers and scientists. ASEBAC brings together scientists withexpertise on atmospheric processes related to SLCF and the terrestrialcryosphere. Understanding how the two spheres are coupled throughsurface fluxes of energy, water and trace components is the commondenominator. There are considerable uncertainties in the distribution of SLCFin the Arctic atmosphere due to limited understanding of emission sources,transport, transformation and wet scavenging processes in the atmosphere.Using a combination of new data sets on emission and concentrations andatmospheric models ASEBAC will contribute to reduce these uncertainties.The quantification of the surface climate forcing of gases, aerosols andBC on snow will be refined, and a special focus will be given to indirectcloud-aerosol effects including mixed-phased clouds. The CMIP5archive willbe used to assess the Arctic energy balance in current ESMs. The responsein the permafrost and the feedbacks to the atmosphere through the surfaceenergy balance will be modeled. The surface climate forcing derived fromthe atmospheric models and measurements will further be used to model themass balance of glaciers at Svalbard and its impacts on glacier dynamics.Field campaigns in Svalbard with the focus on the dynamics of Austfonna icecap and trace gas fluxes from permafrost soils will be carried out. The projectwill use datasets from Svalbard and other Arctic locations, including Russia,satellite data, data from international multi-model experiments and new fielddata from the project to reach its objectives. Results will be communicatedto policymakers to provide scientifically-based knowledge for conductingmitigation strategies.
Funding scheme
Supplementary info from applicantProgramme / activity POLARPROG
Application type Researcher project
Page: 4Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
Topics
Other relevant programmes/activities/projects
Discipline(s) Climate science
If applying for additional funding,specify project number
Have any related applications beensubmitted to the Research Counciland/or any other public fundingscheme
No
If yes, please provide furtherinformation
Progress plan
Project periodFrom date (yyyymmdd) 20130601
To date (yyyymmdd) 20160531
Main activities and milestones in the project period (year and quarter)Milestones throughout the project From To
Validation of WRF/CHEM using Arctic data 2013 2 2014 3
Causes for the diversity for BC and SLCF 2013 2 2014 3
Importance of location of forcing for fluxes 2013 2 2014 3
Revision of aerosol removal parameterizations 2013 3 2014 4
Improvement of emission time resolution 2013 3 2014 3
Radiation budget analysis in CMIP5 models 2013 3 2014 4
WP3 Fieldwork Svalbard 2013 3 2013 3
Assessment of coupling in NorESM 2013 3 2014 3
Set up mass balance model Austfonna 2013 3 2014 1
Improvements of CryoGrid 3 model 2013 4 2015 4
Page: 5Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
Identification of source regions for SLCF 2013 4 2015 2
Improved estimates of BC and SLCF on fluxes 2013 4 2015 3
Lab analyses of soil samples 2013 4 2015 4
Simulations of BC semi-direct effect for flux 2014 1 2015 3
Role of SLCF on clouds and the surface budget 2014 1 2015 3
Workshops cross-cutting issues 2014 1 2015 4
WP4 Processing, Publishing 2014 1 2016 2
SLCF simulations with improved models 2014 2 2015 2
SLCF variations and impact on Arctic cloud 2014 2 2015 3
Surface fluxes from CMIP5 and ASEBAC data 2014 2 2015 4
WP3 Fieldwork Svalbard 2014 2 2014 2
Field investigations WP4, all sites V2014 2014 2 2014 2
Ice nucleability of uncoated and coated BC 2014 3 2015 3
Future surface fluxes from BC and other SLCF 2014 3 2016 1
WP3 Fieldwork Svalbard 2014 3 2014 3
Improved parameterizations in NorESM 2014 3 2016 2
Processing field data WP4 2014 3 2015 1
Modelling dynamics and mass balance 2015 1 2015 4
Limited field investigations, all sites V2015 2015 2 2015 2
Visit to Sapporo ? modeling dynamics 2015 2 2015 2
WP3 Fieldwork Svalbard 2015 3 2015 3
2100 projections of PF temperatures in NYA 2016 1 2016 2
WP3 PhD disputation 2016 2 2016 2
Dissemination of project results
Dissemination plan
Direct deliverables from ASEBAC will be in the form of scientificdissemination, which will be done mainly as publications in peer-reviewedjournals and through the PhD theses. These publications forms the basis forassessments like the IPCC and AMAP reports.In addition the project results will be presented during national andinternational conferences (e.g. the annual Fall AGU meetings in San
Page: 6Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
Francisco and the annual EGU meetings in Vienna). During the project animber of workshops in cross-cutting issues and with external participaptionare planned. This will also provide an arena for dissemination of the reusltswith the project and to the external participants. The participants in ASEBAChave a wide international network and the results will aslo be dissiminatedthrough participaption in workshops and meetings on projects on relatedtopics.We anticipate public outreach, through contributions in popular science sites,like forskning.no. by writing popular-scientific articles in the Norwegianmagazine Klima (in theNorwegian language). The results from ASEBAC will naturally feed into thework by the AMAP expert group on SLCF, in which two of the scientist inASEBAC are members. The AMAP expert group is set up to provide soundscientific advice to the policy processes under the Arctic Council.
From the project we will provide the basis for possible spin-off products.The work will form the basis for a future high-resolution gridded data set forSvalbard, covering climate parameters such as airtemperature, precipitation and snow cover. Such data sets are availablefor Norway based on interpolation between met-stations (senorge.no), andare highly valuable for coupling climate conditions with other processes.,e.g. biological processes.
Budget
Cost plan (in NOK 1000)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum
Payroll and indirect expenses 2104 4828 5293 2610 14835
Procurement of R&D services 2008 5413 4700 2088 14209
Equipment 0
Other operating expenses 1166 2515 1418 157 5256
Totals 5278 12756 11411 4855 34300
Specification UiO: 2 PhDs (WP3 and WP4), and 1+0.5+0.5 Postdocs (WP2, WP3 andWP4)
Page: 7Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
In kind contribution (10-20% of salary) for permanent staff (Terje Berntsen,Jon Egill Kristjansson, Bend Etzemuller, Jon Ove Hagen, Thomas Schulerand Sebastian Westermann)Administrative support: 290 KNOKHourly based staff to organize workshops: 310 KNOK
Other operating expenses for UiO is fro field campaign in WP3 andWP4, workshops, travel and publication costs. This includes costs forproject-specific equipment, rental of equipment (total for helicopter time 1150KNOK), travel and freight.
Purchase cost over 50 000 NOK (WP4):1) 5 GPS-receivers with ARGOS: 15000 EURO ~ 120 000 NOK2) 2 instrument cables (Inclinometer, temperature, water pressure, sliding)~128 000 NOK3) Wireless sensors-25 probe system (temperature, water pressure, tilt) 80000 NOK4) AWS-station: 90 000 NOK
UiO Total (including in-kind and procurement of R&D from internationalcollaborators): 20400 KNOK
NILU: 1 PhD for 3 years, hourly-based salaries, and travel cost, Total (within-kind): 3860 KNOK
Met.no: Hourly-based salaries and travel cost. Total: 3600 KNOK
CICERO: Hourly-based salaries and travel cost. Total: 4920 KNOK
NP: 1.5 year Postdoc, field expenses 150 KNOK. Total: 1540 KNOK
UNIS: Field expenses 75 KNOK, shared PhD with UiO (WP3). PhD paidthrough UiO: Total: 75 KNOK.
Cost code (in NOK 1000)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum
Trade and industry 0
Independent researchinstitute
1988 5313 4490 2133 13924
Page: 8Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum
Universities and UniversityColleges
3290 7443 6921 2722 20376
Other sectors 0
Abroad 0
Totals 5278 12756 11411 4855 34300
Funding plan (in NOK 1000)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum
Own financing 470 916 916 467 2769
International funding 0
Other public funding 0
Other private funding 0
From Research Council 4808 11840 10495 4388 31531
Totals 5278 12756 11411 4855 34300
Specification UiO provides in-kind contribution covering 10-20% of the salaries for thepermanent staff at UiO and the internal postdoc S. Westerman. Total:
Person for whom a fellowship/position is being sought
First name Last name National identity number
Basis for calculation of position
Type of fellowship From date (yyyymmdd) To date (yyyymmdd)
Not selected
Page: 9Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Percentage of full timeposition
Documentation for calculation of overseas research grant and visiting researcher grant
Institution / company Travelling with family Travel expenses
Location
Country Period
From date (yyyymmdd)
To date (yyyymmdd)
Allocations sought from the Research Council (in 1000 NOK)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum
Student fellowships 0
Doctoral fellowships 1395 2790 2790 1395 8370
Post-doctoral fellowships 698 2790 2790 1163 7441
Grants for visitingresearchers
0
Grants for overseasresearchers
0
Researcher positions 0
Hourly-based salary includingindirect costs
1474 3394 3186 1674 9728
Procurement of R&D services 75 350 310 0 735
Equipment 0
Other operating expenses 1166 2516 1419 156 5257
Page: 10Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum
From Research Council 4808 11840 10495 4388 31531
Partners
Partners under obligation to provide professional or financial resources forthe implementation of the project
1
Institution/ company NORSK INSTITUTT FOR LUFTFORSKNING
Page: 21Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere(Researcher project - POLARPROG)
Application Number: ES502696 Project Number: -1
Filename ASEBAC_DataPolicy.pdf
Reference ES502696_010_1_Annet_20121016
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Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic
terrestrial cryosphere - ASEBAC A proposal from UiO, met.no, CICERO, NILU, NP and UNIS addressing the call for natural science polar research.
1. Introduction and relevance to the call
The Arctic is a vulnerable and highly interactive component of the global climate system. Rapid changes are observed here in air temperature, snow cover, permafrost, sea ice and glacier mass. This is a consequence of continued, even increasing positive climate forcing and strong local feedbacks in the Arctic. The terrestrial cryosphere (TC) consists of glaciers, snow and permanently frozen ground (permafrost). Changes in the TC affect directly global sea level (eustatic contribution from shrinking glaciers), infrastructure (destabilizing streets and buildings on permafrost), the global carbon-cycle (thawing and degradation of organic-rich permafrost), and on vegetation. This further changes the surface energy balance (SEB) and biogeochemical cycles and affect the Arctic and global atmosphere through feedback processes. The forcing of the TC and feedback loops involving TC and atmosphere are exclusively mediated through surface fluxes of energy and water as well as greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4. While the main anthropogenic climate forcing globally and in the Arctic is through the increase in CO2, there are significant contributions from short lived climate forcers (SLCF) through complex and often poorly understood mechanisms. SLCFs1 have recently received considerable attention because of their short-term and "no-regret" mitigation potential. In an Earth System Science (ESS) perspective it is crucial to understand TC surface fluxes and the driving factors for possible future changes in these fluxes. Comprehensive Earth System Models (ESM) are needed to project future changes, however, the current generation of ESMs has major gaps in the description of the links between the atmosphere and the TC.
ASEBAC puts three of the main shortcomings in the model representation of the arctic system in its focus: SLCFs and cloud interactions, permafrost-carbon-cycle feedback and dynamics of glaciers and icesheets. The project will follow an integrated approach, where the Earth System as a whole is in the focus. With the center of attention on interactions and feedbacks between different elements of the climate system, ASEBAC is aiming for considerable progress beyond state-of-the-art in all three topics. Major knowledge gaps are recognized by the project consortium, such as the scaling problem within coarsely spaced atmospheric models in relation to the high heterogeneity of near-ground processes. The project is highly inter-disciplinary and involves renowned scientists seeking to enhance the process understanding of the coupling between the atmosphere and the TC. Overall ASEBAC aims
To improve our understanding, quantification and parameterizations of the interactions between
atmospheric climate forcing and the terrestrial cryosphere through surface fluxes
To achieve this goal ASEBAC is split in five work packages: atmospheric distribution of short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) (WP1), atmospheric forcing at the surface in the Arctic (WP2), impacts and response in permafrost and snow (WP3), and processes and responses of Arctic glaciers (WP4). Finally, there is a synthesis WP (WP5) that will ensure efficient transfer of data and
1 SLCFs are here defined as constituents with lifetimes shorter or comparable to atmospheric mixing times. Note that
a different definition relating “short” to the time when a temperature target (e.g. 2°C) becomes binding are
sometimes used. The above definition leaves out e.g. methane from the short-lived group.
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knowledge across WP boundaries and assess how this can be incorporated in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM).
ASEBAC will use, but also considerably extend, a number of datasets from Svalbard and other Arctic locations established largely during the international polar year (IPY) 2007-2008. The consortium joins the forces of leading scientists from four IPY projects (POLARCAT, IPY-THORPEX, GLACIODYN, TSP-Norway) and two Nordic centers of excellence for Cryospheric research (SVALI and CRAICC). While new insights on process level will focus on Svalbard due to the location of the measurements, the ambition of the project is to use this insight to develop and refine parameterizations in global models, in particular the NorESM.
ASEBAC has a special focus on the role of SLCF because of associated large uncertainties. Furthermore, there are distinct interactions between the atmosphere and the surface system that are unique to SLCFs (e.g., changes in snow albedo by deposition of light-absorbing aerosols). Also there is an urgent need to better understand their role in the Arctic as there is increasing attention from policy makers (e.g. the Arctic Council, CLRTAP and CCAC) on possible mitigation measures to slow down the rapid Arctic warming. While the atmospheric forcing by SLCFs has been the subject of intensive research for several years now, to our knowledge ASEBAC is the first initiative to specifically investigate the impacts of SLCFs on the TC and thus the climate in the Arctic on short and long timescales.
2.1 Scientific background and status of knowledge
Short-lived climate forcers include black carbon (BC), sulphate, nitrate, and organic carbon (OC) aerosols as well as ozone. The climate forcing mechanisms of the SLCFs are distinctly different from the long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHG) due to several factors. Their distributions are spatially heterogeneous; they interact with solar radiation through either absorption (BC and partly ozone) and/or scattering. The aerosols can to varying degrees act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and/or ice nuclei (IN), thus affecting cloud properties and possibly precipitation rates (Quinn et al., 2008). BC has particularly distinct features due to its strong absorption of solar radiation. Differential heating of atmospheric layers due to variations in BC concentrations leads to changes in vertical stability and mixing with impacts on clouds. In addition, BC deposited on snow and ice reduces the surface albedo and causes a strong local feedback through earlier melting of snow (the snow-albedo effect). Even if the main direct impact of SLCFs is over the source regions at mid-latitudes there are indications that this leads to a change in the north-south temperature gradient which in turn changes the meridional heat transport to the Arctic (Shindell and Faluvegi, 2009).
While globally, the indirect effect of aerosols represents a negative forcing (Quaas et al., 2009), in the Arctic, the aerosol indirect effect in the Arctic is frequently positive at the surface, especially in winter (Garrett and Zhao, 2006, Alterskjær et al., 2010). This is because the Arctic clouds are frequently optically thin in the LW rendering them highly susceptible to changes in CCN concentrations. According to Zhang et al. (1996), increased LW cloud optical thickness can substantially enhance snow melt via enhanced downwelling LW fluxes from cloud base to the surface. In addition, in Arctic clouds supercooled water is frequently observed even at temperatures of -20°C or lower (McFarquhar et al., 2007). To the extent that anthropogenic BC may serve as IN, a subject of considerable uncertainty (Hoose and Möhler, 2012), that would represent a further contribution to the aerosol indirect effect in the Arctic. SLCF-induced changes in cloud properties may also affect precipitation release, with consequences for permafrost (Westermann et al., 2011).
To quantify the climate impact of SLCFs, ESMs are needed. However, these models as well as chemical transport models (CTMs) have large difficulties in simulating high-latitude SLCF
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concentrations, in particular aerosols (Shindell et al., 2008). Particularly striking are the shortcomings in Arctic BC concentrations (Quinn et al., 2008; Skeie et al., 2011), for which the seasonal cycle is too weak and often even opposite to the observed. Recent models including more detailed aerosol microphysics show considerable improvement (Liu et al., 2011; Lund & Berntsen, 2012). A comparison with measured BC profiles in the Arctic showed that model underestimates the extent throughout the lower and middle troposphere, whereas the models overestimate BC in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (Koch et al., 2009; Schwarz et al., 2010).
TC changes in the Arctic. Permafrost areas, which underlie about a quarter of the land area in the Northern Hemisphere, are projected to be strongly impacted by climate change, with a sizeable reduction at the southern fringes and an increase in summer thaw depth in the remaining areas. Organic material frozen in permafrost soils constitutes one of the largest terrestrial carbon pools, which could potentially be mobilized in a changing climate (Walter et al. 2006, Schuur et al. 2008). Recent studies have established first order approximations of the magnitude of this permafrost-carbon feedback (e.g. Schneider von Deimling et al. 2011, Burke et al. 2012). Koven et al. (2011) highlighted the need for a better understanding of the coupled carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in permafrost areas, motivated by measurements of significant fluxes of nitrous oxide from permafrost soils measured over the last few years (Repo et al. 2009, Elberling et al. 2010). To improve the representation of physical and biogeochemical processes in permafrost soils in ESMs, studies on the driving processes that govern the exchange of energy and gases between the soil and the atmosphere must be conducted for different climate conditions. A major complicating factor is that soil temperatures and gas exchange can exhibit a dramatic variability on scales as short as a few meters (e.g. Mastepanov et al. 2008), so that sound scaling strategies for the key variables and processes are required.
Glaciers and ice caps are key indicators of climate change in the Arctic with feedbacks affecting the whole globe. Besides its direct impact on the surface mass balance, climate change may also influence glacier dynamics through melt water driven basal lubrication and hence efficiently enhance the discharge of ice to the ocean. Fast glacier flow is almost entirely achieved by basal motion, however, the subglacial environment is difficult to access and processes are therefore poorly understood. At present, water released from glaciers represents the largest single contributor to eustatic sea level change (IPCC, 2007). However, the sea level rise is now accelerating more rapidly than predicted, partly due to an unexpectedly rapid warming of the Arctic and partly due to widespread acceleration of ice discharge into the ocean, which has not been accounted for in the projections. The IPCC (2007) deliberately did not make an attempt to assess the dynamic mass loss because governing processes were not sufficiently well understood. However, the importance of dynamics may be highly significant; for instance, fast glacier flow and calving have been made responsible for the rapid disintegration of former ice sheets (Macayeal, 1993). The SWIPA report (AMAP, 2011) identified key knowledge gaps in glacier mass balance related to observations, process understanding and modeling of the dynamics and calving. The main, still existing, shortcomings are the poor understanding of governing processes and the shortage of observations to constrain models (AMAP, 2011).
Some of the largest uncertainties in the prediction of the future climate and its global and regional impacts, as identified in IPCC (2007) and follow-up studies (AMAP, 2011), are related to insufficient understanding of processes in the TC and couplings between the TC and the atmosphere. Among the most prominent shortcomings are dynamical processes of glaciers, release of GHG from thawing permafrost, the role of clouds in the radiation budget of the Arctic (Morrison et al., 2012) as well as an insufficient knowledge of important chemical and physical processes governing the life cycle of aerosols during transport from mid-latitudes to the Arctic.
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Atmosphere-TC interactions. Recent assessments have substantiated and quantified many of the linkages, processes, interactions and feedbacks between the cryosphere and climate across a range of spatial and temporal scales (AMAP, 2011). Both the understanding of the linkage between the atmosphere and the TC through fluxes of energy and matter and the ability to represent this properly in ESMs are still quite limited. This is due to several factors: (i) Lack of understanding of many of the key underlying processes (e.g. aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction) (ii) Scaling and parameterization issues when coupling small scale processes at the surface (e.g. snow distribution in complex terrain and associated surface albedo variability) and larger scale atmospheric processes in models (e.g., the grid-cell mean albedo). (iii) Lack of high-quality observational data to develop process understanding and validate models (though this has improved after IPY). In ASEBAC, we intend to address these challenges by combining atmospheric and cryospheric models on different spatial scales with campaign data from the Arctic. This is described in more detail in subsections 2.2 and 2.3, below.2.2 Approaches, hypotheses and choice of method.
ASEBAC will use a combination of existing data sets mainly from IPY , field campaigns, and numerical modeling on a range of spatial and temporal scales. Hereby, we will focus on Svalbard which features a well-developed infrastructure for research (compared to other high-arctic locations) and an unparalleled long-term data base on many important environmental variables. Thus, it constitutes an ideal laboratory site to study important processes and couplings in the TC, with the later goal of applying the newly gained Earth system understanding on a global scale. For this purpose, data sets from other arctic locations, including Russia, will be available to the project. The five key field data sets in ASEBAC are the Austfonna SEB, mass balance and glacier velocity data (IPY-project GLACIODYN, Dunse et al. 2012), borehole data of PF temperatures (TSP-N, IPY-project, Juliussen et al. 2010), SEB data from the Bayelva PF monitoring site (Westermann et al. 2009), trace gas and aerosol measurements from Ny-Ålesund (Zeppelin) and other Arctic stations as well as pan-Arctic measurements of BC in snow (Doherty et al. 2010, and CRAICC data). In addition, ASEBAC will make extensive use of data from recent and upcoming field campaigns, e.g., ISDAC, M-PACE and ACCACIA.
The project will operate across the traditional boundary between site-specific process studies and larger-scale atmospheric modeling schemes: while all WPs will make use of numerical modeling, WPs 1 and 2 embody a top-down approach (i.e. impove the performance of existing larger-scale atmospheric models by validation with site-specific field data), in contrast to the bottom-up approach taken by WPs 3 and 4 (i.e. design and test modeling schemes for specific sites and subsequently extend to larger areas). We believe that exciting new scientific ground can be gained by exploring the interfaces between these two modeling strategies.
Key models used in ASEBAC are the NorESM (Bentsen et al, 2012), the OsloCTM (Søvde et al., 2012), WRF/CHEM (Grell et al., 2005), EMEP (Simpson et al. 2012), CryoGrid 3 (based on Westemann et al. 2011), SICOPOLIS (Greve, 1997), and a glacier surface mass balance model based on Schuler et al. (2007) and DEBaM by Reijmer and Hock (2008). ASEBAC seeks to trace back deviations in the results between top-down and bottom-up modeling to one of the following reasons: a) differences in the physical processes described by the models, b) differences in model forcing data, c) differences in static model parameters, e.g. in thermal subsurface properties, and d) scaling issues related to pronounced strong spatial variability of key variables and processes (which are adressed by the ongoing project CryoMET, in which the leading scientists of WPs 2, 3 and 4 are involved. This will ensure that ASEBAC can quickly identify shortcomings in either model approach and recommend and implement improvements. We emphasize the two-way nature of this strategy, which will be beneficial for all scientific communities represented by the different WPs.
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Fig. 1 illustrates ASEBAC’s integrated approach to the coupled cryosphere-atmosphere system, with the interfaces and operational links between WPs (denoted A-F) outlined below:
Figure 1. The ASEBAC work packages in the perspective of regional and global processes and feedbacks in the Arctic cryosphere, adopted from figure 11.1 in AMAP (2011). The key couplings and interactions between the ASEBAC WPs are indicated by arrows and letters A-F.
A. WP1→WP2: Concentration and deposition fields for SLCF concentration and deposition fields from simulations using models. WP2→WP1: Better understanding of wet scavenging through aerosol cloud interaction.
B. WP1↔WP4: Deposition fields for SLCF from simulations using WP1 models will be validated and utilized in model runs for mass balance and glacier dynamics for the Austfonna ice cap.
C. WP1→WP3: Similar to B, but validation and modeling for the PF areas around Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. WP3→WP1: A first assessment of potential emssions of greenhouse gases and NOx from PF soils around Ny-Ålesund.
D. WP2 → WP3: Estimates of surface fluxes of energy and precipitation, including the effects of SLCF, to impove input for PF models. WP3 → WP2: Estimates of changes in surface albedo, temperatures and moisture through changes in snow and PF properties.
E. WP2 → WP4: Estimates of surface fluxes of energy and precipitation, including impacts of SLFC, to improve input for glacier mass balance and dynamical models. WP4 → WP2: Changes in albedo and temperatures through changes in glacier properties.
F. WP3↔WP4: Surface radiation forcing from BC deposition for glacier and PF areas
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The efficient transfer of data and knowledge across WP boundaries is fostered by the coordination and synthesis WP5, which interacts with all other WPs (Fig. 1). A “coordinator” will organize a number of thematic workshops, where ouput-focused interaction and exchange between WPs will take place. Exchange of PhDs and researchers between WPs will be another efficient means of knowledge transfer in ASEBAC. Furthermore, the coordinator will organizate cross-disciplinary graduate workshops or schools in collaboration with existing networks or project (such as PermaNordNet, SVALI or PAGE21, and RESCLIM) on the key topics of ASEBAC. By communicating new research to the next generation of researchers in a timely fashion, we will ensure a long-lasting legacy of ASEBAC and a wide dissemination and thus increased impact of its findings.
2.3 Work package descriptions
WP1 Atmospheric distribution and trends of short lived climate forcers
Participants NILU met.no CICERO Person-yr (in kind) 3.4 (0.1) 1 0.3 Leader and co-leader Andreas Stohl (NILU) and Michael Schulz (met.no) Main objective and sub-objectives: Improve the understanding of the distribution and deposition of atmospheric species, relevant for the SEB, clouds and glacier mass balance in the Arctic (i) Improve the source attribution for SLCFs affecting Arctic regions, in particular Svalbard and Greenland; (ii) close current gaps in understanding the levels and trends of ozone, aerosols and deposition in the Arctic as well as associated transport and removal processes; (iii) evaluate with observations and adapt aerosol properties in current models so that aerosol-cloud interactions can be simulated with greater confidence; (iv) prepare refined ozone, aerosol and deposition fields for the computation of the different climate forcings of relevance for the terrestrial Arctic cryosphere Description of work. Task 1.1: Measurement-based investigation of Arctic SLCF source regions and relevant emission trends (NILU, met.No): In the past, we have used measurement data from Zeppelin (Svalbard), Alert, Barrow, and Summit to investigate the source regions of ozone, sulphate and BC (Hirdman et al., 2010). Here, we will extend these analyses by adding data from Station Nord (Greenland) and Tiksi (Siberia) and probably another station soon to be established in Russia, which will be available through the AMAP Expert Group on SLCFs (H. Skov, P. Quinn, L. O. Reiersen, pers. communications). The Zeppelin data will furthermore be cleaned with respect to the influence of local emissions from cruise ships (Eckhardt et al., paper in preparation). We will also analyze a one-year record of levoglucosan (a tracer for wood combustion) from Zeppelin obtained by NILU during POLARCAT, but which has not been published yet. These analyses will be done in close collaboration with other members of the AMAP Expert Group on SLCFs. Aircraft measurements from POLARCAT will also be analyzed in a systematic way for SLCF source regions. Arctic data on BC from the HIPPO pole to pole campaigns will be analysed in cooperation with NOAA (S. Schwarz, pers. communication). Model simulations with regional emission tracers (NorESM, OsloCTM, WRF/CHEM and EMEP) will be used to quantify regional contributions. Comparison with the measurement-based analysis will allow identifying possibly missing or overestimated sources in the models. Task 1.2: The role of emission time resolution (NILU, met.no, CICERO): Emissions from domestic wood burning are an important source of SLCFs at high latitudes. They have a high temporal variability, since the heating requirements depend on outside air temperatures. At the same time, transport of emissions from the source regions into the Arctic is very different when source regions are relatively warm versus when they are relatively cold. However, current ESMs
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and CTMs use annual or, at best, monthly mean emissions. NILU will develop an emission data set with daily resolution, based on the concept of heating degree days (HDDs) (Quayle and Diaz, 1980). For this purpose, annual emissions in a grid cell from an emission inventory (e.g., IIASA, RCP or EDGAR emissions) will be distributed temporally according to HDDs. Using our CTMs and ESMs we will analyse simulations using daily, monthly and annual emissions. Comparisons with measurement data (Task 1) will allow assessing the improvements using daily emission. Task 1.3: Revision of removal parameterizations (met.no, CICERO) Sensitivity simulations will be performed to explore the efficiency of rain and snow scavenging, at different heights, using the Norwegian models (EMEP, NorESM, OsloCTM3, FLEXPART). Scavenging depends especially on the properties of aerosol particles to act as CCN and IN. Improvements to parameterize these properties will thus also lead to better constrained cloud-aerosol indirect effect estimates (see WP2). Seasonal variations in transport efficiency to Arctic regions will be established for pollution and boreal fire aerosols, soluble and insoluble aerosol components. The optimal removal parameterization will be identified by comparison to a comprehensive suite of measurement data (see task 1.1). Furthermore, BC concentrations in snow simulated by some of these models will be compared against recent pan-Arctic measurement data (Doherty et al., 2010; and from the CRAICC project). Of special value will be the 3D gridded 1°x1° aerosol climatology, available for the years 2007-2011 at met.no (Koffi et al., 2012) from the Caliop satellite lidar. This will allow us to constrain aerosol dispersion for major arctic haze events and boreal fire plumes. The new data assembled in WP1 on surface deposition, concentrations and vertical profiles from satellite will offer a unique new opportunity to constrain aerosol life time in the Arctic atmosphere. The optimised Norwegian model results will finally be compared to simulations conducted in the framework of the international CMIP5 and AeroCom exercise for IPCC, available in copy in the AeroCom database at met.no to judge the success of the model improvements. Task 1.4: Multi-annual simulation of SLCF concentrations (met.no, UiO, CICERO): Model simulations with the NorESM, OsloCTM3 and EMEP models will be carried out over the period from 2008-2012. Spatially and temporally resolved concentrations of SLCF in the atmosphere as well as of BC, OC, sulfate and dust in snow from these simulations will be produced. Deliverables: D1.1: Identified SLCF (sulphate, BC, ozone) source regions for the various measurement data sets listed in Task 1 description. D1.2: Paper on the impact of emission time resolution used by models on simulated Arctic SLCF concentrations. Improved model results by using daily SLCF emissions. D1.3: Revised aerosol removal parameterization schemes for simulation of Arctic SLCF concentrations. D1.4: SLCF concentration and deposition fields from simulations using models with improvements from Tasks 1-3.
WP2 Surface climate forcing and rapid responses through SLCF
Participants CICERO UiO met.no Person-yr per participants 2 3 1 Leader and co-leader Gunnar Myhre (CICERO) and Jón Egill Kristjánsson (UiO) Main objective and sub-objectives: Establish a likely surface climate forcing for the arctic terrestrial cryosphere, for present-day and the near-future, based on anthropogenic emission projections. The direct effect and the aerosol indirect effects from BC and other SLCF will be particularly investigated, as well as their influence on surface fluxes. Quantify the contributions to such surface forcing from changes in meridional atmospheric and oceanic transport, precipitation, cryosphere-atmosphere feedbacks as well as radiative forcing from clouds and anthropogenic local and hemispheric SLCF. Description of work. Task 2.1: Assess modelled direct and semi-direct surface climate forcing. Available data on BC and other SLCF will be used to: 1) Quantify causes of the inter-model differences in their
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climate effects; and 2) Combine data from WP1 and other observation to provide constrained estimates of surface fluxes. Input from WP1 will be used to investigate how improved aerosol distributions influence the estimates of surface climate forcing. Further, a set of aerosol vertical profiles from AeroCom will be used in a multi-model evaluation. Differences arising from other factors such as surface albedo, clouds, and choice of radiation scheme will be quantified, and constrained estimates will be established from benchmark information. This effort will be based on work initiated within AeroCom. The same multi-model dataset will be used to investigate the importance of BC and SLCF on atmospheric stability in the Arctic atmosphere and their impact on clouds as well as consequences for surface climate forcing and precipitation. The tools that will be used in this task are an offline radiative transfer code [Myhre et al., 2009] and a method for comparing the importance of differences in the vertical profile on the forcing [Samset and Myhre, 2011]. The semi-direct effect calculations will be performed with CAM5 for Arctic simulations and WRF/CHEM for more small scale simulation at Svalbard. Task 2.2: Surface flux changes from the aerosol indirect effect Several aspects of the aerosol indirect effect of particular relevance for the Arctic will be investigated.; 1) The sensitivity to assumptions on the ability of BC to act as IN. 2) The possible suppression of ice crystal nucleation by coating of IN by condensing sulfuric vapors (Girard et al., 2012). 3) How more marine aerosols resulting from less sea ice cover i influence the optical thickness of low clouds and thereby the surface fluxes. 4) How the occurrence of mixed-phase in clouds depend on the air trajectory (clean vs. polluted). Initially, the main model tool will be WRF /CHEM, coupled with campaign data (ISDAC, M-PACE, SHEBA, ASCOS, ACCACIA) and long-term data from Ny-Ålesund. The first step will be a model validation, followed by investigations of the sensitivity of cloud properties (ice vs. liquid, particle size, water content, cloud extent) to aerosol characteristics. This will provide a measure of the impact on the downwelling radiative fluxes (LW, SW, Net) at the surface. By running trajectory simulations using FLEXPART, the origin of the air masses will be established. Results from laboratory studies by our partner, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology will provide more confident assumptions on the ice nucleability of BC as well as the influence of coating. The final step will be NorESM or CAM5 simulations, which will provide an assessment of the influence of SLCFs on Arctic clouds and thereby on snow melt via radiative fluxes, evaporation and precipitation. Task 2.3: Surface climate forcing for the TC and the role of different processes This task will combine the local Arctic forcings estimated in tasks 2.1 and 2.2, estimate their impacts and compare them to mid-latitude forcings. The metric for comparison will be surface fluxes. To estimate present-day impacts of SLCF, the various aerosol types will be modeled in a range of latitude bands using an ESM, and their impacts on the arctic region extracted. Comparisons will be made to the impacts from a similar amount of forcing due to CO2. Current surface flux changes due to SLCF will be synthesized for provision to WP3 and WP4. In addition, future projections of SLCF and CO2 will be used to constrain surface climate forcing scenarios for the terrestrial cryosphere. Surface fluxes from the CMIP5 model ensemble will be used as input in combination with the results from this task and tasks 2.1 and 2.2. A quantification of the importance of the various surface fluxes will be performed both with respect to forcing type and location of forcings. The simulations will be performed with both coupled atmosphere/ocean and atmosphere only circulation models. Task 2.4: Quantify and analyse surface climate forcing CMIP5 The CMIP5 model archive, connected to IPCC AR5, contains recent model simulations of an ensemble of state of the art ESMs, including experiments which isolate the effect of aerosols and greenhouse gases. Forcing from clouds and aerosols as well as latent and sensible heat fluxes and all radiative flux components shall be extracted. Meridional heat fluxes from mid-latitudes to the Arctic through the atmosphere shall be established as residuals and in dedicated simulations with augmented diagnostics in the NorESM. This shall be used to provide a more robust overview of current understanding (and expected high model diversity) of surface climate forcing in the Arctic and contributions from different processes to it. The surface flux data from Svalbard (from
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modules 3 and 4) will be used to evaluate the ability of the models to describe the energy budget. It is expected that this analysis will also help to understand better why most CMIP5 models fail to reproduce recent rapid melting in the Arctic. The regional forcing from SLCFs will be compared to the extra-Arctic forcing impacting the Arctic. From this analysis mitigation in different latitudes will be assessed with respect to their potential to reduce the impacts on the TC. Deliverables: D2.1.1: Quantify the contribution from various factors to the diversity between the global models for BC and other SLCF D2.1.2: Use results from WP1 and benchmark observations and tools to provide improved estimates of BC and SLCF impact on surface fluxes D2.1.3: Use a large ensemble of modeled BC vertical profiles to simulate the semi-direct effect of BC and its impact on surface fluxes D2.2.1: Validation of WRF/CHEM using Arctic campaign data (measure of its suitability for subsequent cloud-aerosol studies) D2.2.2: Sensitivity of Arctic cloud properties to SLCF variations; implications for downwelling radiative fluxes at the surface and for precipitation – delivery to WP3.2 and WP4.1. D2.2.3: A re-assessment of the ice nucleability of uncoated and coated BC; implications for model results D2.2.4: Evaluation of the role of SLCFs on clouds and the surface radiative budget in an ESM perspective – delivery to WP3.4 D2.3.1: Quantify the importance of local versus remote climate forcing on the surface fluxes D2.3.2: Synthesis of current best estimates for surface fluxes from BC and other SLCF D2.3.3: Estimates of future surface fluxes from BC and other SLCF D2.4.1: Radiative budget analysis in CMIP5 model ensemble in Svalbard and Greenland D2.4.2: Evaluation of surface flux components from CMIP5 model ensemble by ASEBAC data
WP 3 Cryospheric (snow and permafrost) responses to the
climate forcing Participant UiO AWI CPH UNIS Person-yr per participant (in-kind) 5.2 (0.75) 0.1 0.2 0.2 Leader and co-leader S. Westermann (UiO)/ J. Boike(AWI)/B. Etzelmüller (UiO) Main objective and sub-objectives: Improve process understanding of the coupled permafrost-atmosphere system on different scales. (1) To elucidate the direct and indirect impacts of cloud processes on permafrost and seasonal snow. (i) The role of long-wave radiation forcing for the SEB in permafrost areas. (ii) The SEB during stable atmospheric stratification conditions and near-surface temperature inversions. (iii) The effect of precipitation dynamics on snow properties and permafrost temperatures. (2) To contribute to a better understanding of climate feedbacks of PF and seasonal snow. (i) To quantify the surface radiative forcing of an earlier snowmelt due to deposition of BC, including the impact of small-scale variability of snow depth. (ii) To improve the understanding of the C/N cycle in PF soils and the emission of LLCF, such as CO2, CH4 and N2O in permafrost areas. (iii) To investigate whether PF soils are a potential source of the SLCFs NOx and nitrate. Description of work. Task 3.1: Continuous measurements of the PF temperatures, soil water content, SEB and CO2 fluxes near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (NN). 3.1.1 The Bayelva PF station situated at an undisturbed tundra site near Ny-Ålesund has provided multi-annual records of soil temperatures, soil water contents, surface radiation and turbulent fluxes, fluxes of CO2 and ancillary meteorological parameters (e.g. Boike et al., 2003, Westermann et al. 2009). We will ensure the continuation of measurements and processing of fluxes during the project period and make the results available to the project. Since this is one of the most detailed data sets in the terrestrial Arctic, it forms a unique basis for new process understanding and improved model parameterizations. The field data will guide all modeling efforts in 3.2-3.4. and allow a direct validation of results. 3.1.2 During IPY, a network of permafrost boreholes has been established for Svalbard, and the PF temperature data made available through the TSP-Norway portal (Christiansen et al. 2011). We propose to attempt to drill and instrument five new permafrost
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boreholes of 5-10m depth on the Brøgger peninsula (H.H. Christiansen, UNIS) to better assess the spatial variability of PF temperatures and the representativeness of the Bayelva PF station data. Coordination with the European permafrost project PAGE21 will allow for a wide dissemination and impact of results and create synergies. Task 3.2: Radiative and precipitation forcing and feedbacks of the PF SEB (NN). Due to the long-lasting polar night and its dynamic weather system, Western Svalbard is well-suited to improve process understanding of cloud-radiation-permafrost interactions. A thermal PF model including land-snow-atmosphere coupling developed in the CryoMet project, CryoGrid 3, is available as a tool for sensitivity studies and future projections. 3.2.1: Using the more than decadal Ny-Ålesund radiation and PF temperature record, the performance of CryoGrid 3 to model snow surface and permafrost temperatures is evaluated to establish confidence margins. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of PF temperatures for different cloud forcing conditions will be performed. 3.2.2: During stable atmospheric stratification conditions, the subsurface heat flux, which is controlled by thermal ground and snow parameters, becomes a prominent term in the SEB (Westermann et al. 2009). Using CryoGrid 3, we will perform a sensitivity analysis investigating the impact of thermal ground and snow parameters on the SEB. 3.2.3: Wintertime rain events can have a large impact on the thermal PF regime, so that the partitioning of winter precipitation in snow and rain is crucial (Westermann et al. 2011). Following the assessment of WP2, the future occurrence of such events will be analyzed. A water infiltration scheme for the snow pack, following Westermann et al. 2011, will be added to the CryoGrid 3 model. 3.2.4: A parameterization of the snow albedo change due to BC deposition (Flanner et al. 2007) will be implemented in CryoGrid 3 to investigate the impact of BC deposition on the SEB, snow melt, and PF temperature dynamics. Furthermore, the surface radiative forcing of BC deposition, including snow melt albedo feedback can be calculated for a range of snow depths. 3.2.5. Guided by the results of 3.2.1-3.2.4, future projections of the 21st century PF dynamics for the area around Ny-Ålesund, based on CMIP5 projections, will be performed. Task 3.3: Exchange of climate forcers between PF soils and atmosphere (NN). On the Brøgger peninsula, the PF soils feature a wide range of conditions regarding crucial parameters for the soil biogeochemistry, such as soil moisture, C and N content and C:N ratio (typically large, but small in nitrogen-rich “oases” in the vicinity of sea bird colonies and areas grazed by geese, e.g. Klimowicz et al. 1997). Since all sites are subject to a common climate forcing, the area can be viewed as a “natural laboratory”, with soil incubation experiments under different soil conditions. We will compile a data set spanning a wide range of different soil conditions to elucidate the controls on PF GHG emissions. 3.3.1: Stratigraphies of soil water, C and N contents for shallow soil cores (up to 2m depth) and vegetation cover. 3.3.2: Flux measurements of CO2, CH4, N2O (all sites) and NOx (around the Bayelva PF station) using both chamber and gradient methods. The focus will be on the summer and shoulder periods (snowmelt and onset of soil freezing), where previous studies have found peak fluxes (e.g. Mastepanov et al. 2008). 3.3.3: The data set is used to validate the coupled land-surface-biogeochemistry scheme of NorESM for a PF climate forcing, both for short periods (seasonal cycle) and for multi-decadal timescales, over which build-up and decomposition of organic matter occurs. (with PAGE21) WP3.3 will be performed in close collaboration with CENPERM which will ensure that state-of-the-art techniques and lab facilities are available to the project. Task 3.4: Evaluation of scaling schemes to transfer local processes understanding to larger-scale atmospheric models. Developing robust scaling strategies for the variable snow with a probabilistic approach is the focus of the CryoMet project (CRYOMET). We will extend the experiences and results gained in CryoMet, and considerably increase the scientific impact through synergies between the two projects. 3.4.1 The CryoMet snow scaling scheme, which treats subgrid variability of snow depths in terms of probability density functions, allows to upscale surface radiative forcing of BC (3.2.4) to the kilometer scale, thus accounting for variability of snow depth due to wind redistribution. 3.4.2 In principle, the probabilistic approach of CryoMet can be extended to include variables such as vegetation cover, soil moisture or soil
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organic contents to facilitating a description of subgrid variability in large-scale atmospheric models. In order to describe several parameters, that are not statistically independent, multi-dimensional probability density functions must be employed. Building on the results of 3.1-3.3, we will determine the crucial variables for both PF thermal regime and soil biogeochemistry on the Brøgger peninsula and assess the feasibility of a probabilistic representation. Interaction with other modules. The results on incoming long-wave radiation, atmospheric stratification and precipitation from WP2 will be validated for the study area around Ny-Ålesund. Conversely, measured surface radiative forcing is provided to WP2. Close coordination with WP4 will allow a detailed assessment of BC radiative surface forcing for the terrestrial cryosphere. Recommendations to WP5 on improved scheme for PF thermal processe, C/N dynamics and GHG emissions in large-scale models, as well as a probabilistic representation of subgrid processes. Organize workshop for WP5. Collaborators. Bo Elberling (CENPERM, Copenhagen), Hanne H. Christiansen (UNIS) Deliverables (with time span/time of delivery indicated). D3.1.1: Measurements of SEB and PF temperataures at the Bayelva PF monitoring station during the project period; D 3.1.2: new PF boreholes on the Brøgger peninsula; D3.2. Projection of 2100 PF temperatures for Ny-Ålesund region, publication of results; D3.3.1: Identification of sites with different soil C and N contents on the Brøgger peninsula, measurements of trace gas fluxes from these sites for selected time periods, publication of results. D3.3.2: Performance of offline land-surface-biogeochemistry model for these sites. D3.4: Up-scaling scheme for PF and biogeochemistry variables for Brøgger peninsula
WP4 Glacier mass balance and dynamic processes
Participant UiO NP Person-yr per participant (in-kind) 5.1 (0.6) 1.5 Leader and co-leader Jon Ove Hagen (UiO), Thomas Vikhamar Schuler (UiO) Main objective and sub-objectives. To enhance the understanding of surface processes and ice dynamics, especially the role of basal processes, in response to climate forcing. To reduce uncertainties in projections of the overall mass budget of Svalbard glaciers and their contribution to sea level rise by improving model representation of both climatic and dynamic mass balance contributions. The output from WPs 1 and 2 will serve as forcing for sensitivity studies to investigate the effects of SLCF’s on i) SMB and ii) glacier dynamics and geometry. In particular we will analyze the albedo effect due to BC deposition and the cloud-forcing effect. In close collaboration with WP3, we will compare the sensitivities of permafrost and glacierized areas. WP4 will build on and benefit from activity in ongoing and completed projects; IPY Glaciodyn, EU ice2sea and ESA CryoSat CalVal projects focused on the surface mass balance, geometry and dynamics of Austfonna, the largest ice cap on Svalbard. Austfonna serves as a miniature-analogon to the Greenland and West-Antarctic Ice Sheets as it behaves dynamically similar; it consists of slow-moving ice that is probably frozen to the bed, interspersed with fast-flowing ice streams and outlet glaciers that terminate into the ocean. Description of work. Task 4.1: Surface mass balance. To improve the mass balance model for Austfonna and extend the work to cover entire Svalbard. Forcing a distributed glacier mass-balance model by output from a high resolution atmospheric model (WP2), either directly or linked through an interface-procedure, will provide spatially coherent input variables for a glacier-wide energy balance model, against which simplified parameterizations can be tested. Prediction of future mass balance evolution requires robust and reliable coupling to large-scale climate models. ESM/RCMs are more reliable in reproducing and predicting weather patterns for a given region than the absolute value of a specific variable (e.g. Käsmacher and Schneider, 2011). However, most current mass balance models use specific variables from large-scale ESM/RCM and employ
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correction schemes. Apart from the uncertainty related to input data, a number of parameterizations (roughness, albedo ageing, refreezing) used by mass balance models introduce uncertainty in predicted glacier behavior (Østby et al., in press). These problems will be attacked using a diversity of approaches: a) development of appropriate downscaling techniques for variables dominating the energy balance and snow accumulation; b) classification of weather patterns and establishing their relationship to ablation and accumulation of mass at the glacier surface; c) development of a computationally efficient, stand-alone mass balance model to conduct Monte-Carlo simulations to analyze the uncertainties related to model structure, input and parameters. As part of the IPY Glaciodyn and later EU ice2sea and ESA CryoSat CalVal project, field investigations of surface mass balance, snow distributions (GPR), surface geometry (GPS-profiles), velocities (GPS) and AWS data have been conducted and will be extended in this project with a spring field campaign over ca. two weeks. Task 4.2: Glacier dynamics. Studies of dynamic key processes. Observations of ice dynamics and investigation of basal conditions in particular, will focus on Basin-3, one of the fast-flowing outlet glaciers of Austfonna. GPS ice-surface velocity measurements along the central flow line were initiated during IPY GLACIODYN (Dunse et al. 2012). The time series of 5 years shows ongoing dramatic stepwise acceleration, causing 50% increase in the mass calving loss from the ice cap. A focused field program at this location offers the unique chance to study instable glacier flow of an actively surging glacier. A number of geophysical exploration techniques will be employed: a) Low-frequency radar surveys to map ice thickness, extent of cold/ temperate ice, and presence of water at the glacier base; b) Vibro-seismics (Eisen et al., 2010) to sense the nature of the glacier bed (rock or unconsolidated sediments). A portable seismic system has been developed and tested for glacier application by one of our international collaborators; c) Hot water drilling providing access for direct measurements of temperature, water pressure, sliding speed, ice deformation, etc inside and below the glacier (Lüthi et al., 2002). Wireless pressure sensors will record basal water pressure over several years (Smeets et al., 2012); d) Continue ongoing GPS observations of surface velocity and on-spot meteorological observations (AWS). Task 4.3: 3D simulations of Austfonna. Numerical simulations of Austfonna were carried out as part of IPY Glaciodyn, employing the three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled ice-sheet model ’SICOPOLIS’ (SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets; Greve, 1997), based on the widely used Shallow-Ice Approximation (SIA) (Morland, 1984). So far, the model is driven by a constant idealized present-day climate in terms of monthly precipitation and air temperature, and was used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of outlet-glaciers in a number of idealized, numerical experiments. Depending on the parameterization of basal motion, outlet glaciers were characterized by either permanent fast flow or cyclic behavior, including surge-type behavior (Dunse et al., 2011). Here, we aim at extending the work from a diagnostic model of ice dynamics to a prognostic application over 1960-2100. The resulting SMB history from the SMB model developed in WP4.1 will be applied as the transient surface boundary condition for SICOPOLIS. The proposed field observations from WP4.2 will provide the first direct observations of basal conditions of Austfonna, crucial for improving and constraining parameterizations of basal motion. Further, we will improve the calving parameterization, from a water depth–ice thickness criterion to a waterline-crevasse depth criterion (Benn and others, 2007; Nick et al., 2010). The reliability of the predictions will be enhanced through an intercomparison study, comprising models of different complexity (SICOPOLIS, PISM (Bueler and Brown, 2009) and ELMER/ICE (Gagliardini and Zwinger, 2008). Collaborators. Doug Benn, UNIS (drilling, calving law); Carleen Reijmer and Paul Smeets, IMAU, Utrecht Univ., (wireless subglacial pressure sensor and GPS); Jack Kohler, NPI and Rickard Petterson Uppsala Univ. (GPR), Olaf Eisen, AWI, Christoph Mayer and Astrid Lamprecht, BAdW Munich (Vibroseis); Martin Lüthi, ETH Zürich (borehole instrumentation); Ralf Greve, Univ. Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan; Rupert Gladstone & PhD student, ULapland, Rovaniemi (model intercomparison).
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Interaction with other projects. The new Nordic, NCoE SVALI, Stability and Variations of Arctic Land Ice, (2011-2015) has 17 Nordic partners and is coordinated by UiO. The activities in SVALI cover observation of mass balance, process understanding and modeling. The remote sensing project RASTAR (RAdar Speckle Tracking for ARctic glacier velocities), is a NFR funded project at UiO over 2011-2015. RASTAR will provide multitemporal maps of glacier velocities of fast-flowing glaciers in Svalbard for estimating calving flux, glacier velocity changes over time, and detecting surges. Calving Rates and Impact on Sea Level (CRIOS) led by Doug Benn, UNIS, focuses on calving processes (case study at Kronebreen) aiming at new, robust and efficient iceberg calving modules to be implemented into earth system models. Deliverables: D4.1: Validation data for WP2 (energy balance and snow distribution) D4.2: Mass balance of the Austfonna ice cap and sensitivity to SLCF D4.3: Field dataset on basal conditions in Basin 3 D4.4: Paper on subglacial conditions and surge mechanism D4.5: Paper on modeling of the dynamics D4.6: A model intercomparision study for Austfonna.
WP 5 Synthesis
Participant UiO CICERO Person-yr per participant (in-kind) 1.5 (0.5) 1.5 Leader and co-leader Terje Berntsen UiO and Maria Kvalevåg (CICERO) Main objective and sub-objectives. (i) Organize theme specific inter-disciplinary workshops across WPs (cf. section 2.2). (ii) Assess the capabilities and sensitivities in NorESM to the processes and linkages studied in WP1-4. (iii) Suggest updates to NorESM based on the findings in the other WPs, and explore the potential importance for through sensitivity analysis Description of work. Task 5.1: Cross-cutting workshops. A series of workshops will be organized to ensure the interaction between the other work-packages. External experts will be invited to the workshops. The workshops will be organized for specific cross-cutting issues such as: (i) Long-wave cloud forcing during winter – impacts on snow and soil properties, (ii) Characteristics of precipitation, intensity, rain/sleet/snow distribution – impacts on ground temperatures, (iii) Microphysics of aerosols (aging of BC particles) – impacts on CCN/IN properties and clouds, and (iv) BC deposition and surface albedo change – impacts on snow and effects of representing the small scale snow distribution by a probability distribution. A central part of the workshops will be to design relatively simple modelling experiments that couple the atmospheric and cryospheric models in ASEBAC and perform sensitivity type experiments. This will initiate discussions and collaboration on the cross-cutting issues and ensure that the full potential of the consortium is reached. Over the course of the projects additional topics for workshops will be identified. Task 5.2: Assessing capabilities and sensitivities of NorESM. Global models like the NorESM apply a number of simplified parameterizations to represent the complex processes that are studied in ASEBAC. Through a series of simple experiments with the NorESM the ability of the model to capture the linkages and simulate the nature of responses in a quantitatively reasonable way will be studied. This will provide the basis for identification of which parts of the model that needs to be improved to represent the terrestrial cryosphere and its interaction with the atmosphere in an appropriate way. Task 5.3: Improvement to the NorESM. Combining the results from WP5.2 and the results from the in-depth studies in the other WPs, we will suggest improvements to the NorESM. For some processes we foresee that relatively simple changes can be made and tested out, while for other more substantial changes will be needed where ASEBAC can not develop extensive new parameterizations. In these latter cases we will provide suggestions for how to proceed, and very valuable datasets from measurements and the detailed modelling within ASEBAC. Deliverables: D5.1 Workshops on cross-cutting issues, D5.2 Report on the capabilities and sensitivities of NorESM, D5.3 Paper on Arctic climate response with revised NorESM model
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3. Perspectives. 3.2. Relevance to society. The general public, policy makers and governmental bodies are concerned about the rapid change observed in the Arctic. Through the Arctic Council and the AMAP initiatives are taken (Arctic Council, 2011) to evaluate possible mitigation measures, with a strong focus on SLCF that could help to limit the warming while a parallel process on mitigation of LLGHGs takes place. ASEBAC will provide advanced training of young Earth System researchers, and thus contribute to improve Earth System science in Norway. Changes in the Arctic cryosphere may have large impacts; any increase in calving rates will have an immediate impact on sea level, while changes in the volume and trajectory of floating icebergs could significantly affect shipping and ocean ecosystems; thawing permafrost has large potential of Carbon release and impacts infrastructure and together with rising sea-level increase risks for coastal management. Reduced uncertainties in future predictions are thus crucial. 3.3. Environmental perspectives.. The field activity in Svalbard will mainly be carried out on snow-covered frozen ground and on glaciers. The transport on this ground is mainly by snowmobiles that make small environmental impacts. No chemicals are used or left in the field. Field camps follow regulations by the governor of Svalbard were among others all garbage is removed. 3.4. Ethical aspects. The project management will, to the extent practically possible, respond to any requests from scientists and the public regarding the project, availability of data and analysis tools, and general questions regarding climate in a transparent, rigorous and comprehensive way. 3.5. Gender equality and gender perspectives. Female candidates will be encouraged to apply for the open positions. Female Master and PhD students in climate research in Norway, with the support of Mentors appointed by the project, will be invited to the project meetings for presenting their research.
References Alterskjær, K. , J. E. Kristjánsson, and C. Hoose, 2010: Do anthropogenic aerosols enhance or suppress the surface cloud forcing in the Arctic? J. Geophys. Res., 115, D22204, doi:10.1029/2010JD014015. AMAP, 2011. Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate change and the Cryosphere, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP), Oslo, Norwayu. xii, 538pp Arctic Council , 2011. Technical report of the AC Task Force on Short-Lived Climate Forcers, http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/environment-a-climate/climate-change/172-slcf
Benn, D. I.; Hulton, N. R. , Mottram, R. H., 2007. 'Calving laws', 'sliding laws' and the stability of tidewater glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 46, 123-130 Bentsen, M., et al., 2012, The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1-M – Part 1: Description and basic evaluation, Geosci. Model Dev. D.., 5, 2843-2931, doi:10.5194/gmdd-5-2843-2012. Boike, J., Roth, K., Ippisch, O., 2003. Seasonal snow cover on frozen ground: Energy balance calculations of a permafrost site near Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8163–8173. Bueler, E. and Brown, J., 2009. Shallow shelf approximation as a "sliding law'' in a thermomechanically coupled ice sheet model. J. of Geophys. Res.-Earth Surface, 114, F03008 Burke, E. J., Hartley, I. P., and Jones, C. D., 2012. Uncertainties in the global temperature change caused by carbon
release from permafrost thawing, The Cryosphere, 6, 1063-1076, doi:10.5194/tc-6-1063-2012. Christiansen, H.H., et al., 2010: The thermal state of permafrost in the nordic area during the international polar year 2007-2009, Permafrost and Periglacial Proc., 21 (2), 156-181. CRYOMET :www.mn.uio.no/geo/english/research/projects/cryomet/index.html Dunse, T., et al., 2011. Permanent fast flow versus cyclic surge behavior - simulation of the dynamics of Austfonna, Svalbard. Journal of Glaciology, 57 (202), Dunse, T.; et al., 2012. Seasonal speed-up of two outlet glaciers of Austfonna, Svalbard, inferred from continuous GPS measurements. The Cryosphere, 6, 453-466 Eisen, O.; et al., 2010 A new approach for exploring ice sheets and sub-ice geology. Eos Trans. AGU, 91, 429-430 Elberling, B., Christiansen, H., Hansen, B., 2010: High nitrous oxide production from thawing permafrost, Nature Geoscience 3 (5), 332-335. Flanner, M. G., et al., 2007, Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11202, doi:10.1029/2006JD008003. Gagliardini, O. and Zwinger, T. 2008, The ISMIP-HOM benchmark experiments performed using the Finite-Element code Elmer Cryosphere, 2, 67-76 Garrett, T. J. , and C. Zhao, 2006: Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated with pollution from mid-latitudes. Nature, 440, 787-789.
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Girard, E. , et al., 2012: Assessment of the effects of acid-coated ice nuclei on the Arctic cloud microstructure, atmospheric dehydration, radiation and temperature during winter. Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.3454. Greve, R. 1997. A continuum-mechanical formulation for shallow polythermal ice sheets Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London A, 355, 921-974 Hirdman, D ., et al., 2010, Long-term trends of black carbon and sulphate aerosol in the Arctic: changes in atmospheric transport and source region emissions. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 9351-9368. Hoose, C. and O. Möhler, 2012: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 12531–12621. Huang, L., et al., 2010, Importance of deposition processes in simulating the seasonality of the Arctic black carbon aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D17207, doi:10.1029/2009JD013478. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: [Solomon, S., et al., (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. Juliussen, H., et al., 2010, NORPERM, the Norwegian Permafrost Database-a TSP NORWAY IPY legacy, Earth System Science Data, 2(2), 235-246. Käsmacher, O. and Schneider, C. 2011. An Objective Circulation Pattern Classification For the Region of Svalbard. Geografiska Annaler Series A-phys. Geog., 93A, 259-271 Koch, D., et al., 2009, Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9001-9026, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009. Koffi, B ., et al., 2012, Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I results, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D10201, doi:10.1029/2011JD016858. Koven, C.D., et al., 2011, Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (36), 14769-14774. Liu, J ., et al., 2011, Evaluation of factors controlling long-range transport of black carbon to the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D04307, doi:10.1029/2010JD015145. Lund, M. T . and Berntsen, T., 2012, Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6999-7014, doi:10.5194/acp-12-6999-2012. Lüthi, M., et al., 2002, Mechanisms of fast flow in Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland: Part III. Measurements of ice deformation, temperature and cross-borehole conductivity in boreholes to the bedrock. Journal of Glaciology, 48, 369-385 Mastepanov, M., et al., 2008, Large tundra methane burst during onset of freezing, Nature, 456 (7222), 628-630. McFarquhar, G.M. , et al., 2007, Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 1. Observations. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24201, doi:10.1029/2007JD008633. Morland, L. 1984. Thermomechanical balances of ice-sheet flows. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Gordon Breach Sci Publ Ltd, 29, 237-266 Myhre, G., et al., 2009, Modelled radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect with multi-observation evaluation, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(4), 1365-1392. Nick, F.; et al., 2010, A physically based calving model applied to marine outlet glaciers and implications for the glacier dynamics. Journal of Glaciology, 56, 781-794 Quaas, J., et al., 2009, Aerosol indirect effects – general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8697-8717. Quayle, R. G., and Diaz, H. F., 1980, Heating degree day data applied to residential heating energy consumption, J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 241-246.
Quinn, P. K., et al., 2008, Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 1723-1735. Reijmer, C. H., and R. Hock (2008), A distributed energy balance model including a multi-layer sub-surface snow model, Journal of Glaciology, 54(184), 61-72 Repo, M., et al., 2009, Large N2O emissions from cryoturbated peat soil in tundra, Nature Geoscience 2(3), 189-192. Samset, B. H., and G. Myhre, 2011, Vertical dependence of black carbon, sulphate and biomass burning aerosol radiative forcing, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L24802. Schneider von Deimling, T., et al.,2012, Estimating the near-surface permafrost-carbon feedback on global warming, Biogeosciences, 9, 649-665, doi:10.5194/bg-9-649-2012 Schuler, T.; et al., 2007, Calibrating a surface mass-balance model for Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology, 46, 241-248 Schuur, E., et al., 2008, Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Implications for the global carbon cycle. BioScience 58 (8), 701–714. Shindell, D. and Faluvegi, G., 2009, Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century, Nat. Geosci., 2, 294–300, doi:10.1038/ngeo473. Shindell, D. T., et al., 2008, A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5353-5372, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5353-2008. Simpson, D., et al., 2012, The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – technical description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7825-7865, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012. Skeie, R.B., et al., 2011, Black carbon in the atmosphere and snow, from pre-industrial times until present, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6809-6836 Smeets, C.J.P.P., et al., 2012, A wireless subglacial probe for deep ice applications. J. of Glaciology, Vol. 58, , 841–848 Søvde,O. A., et al., 2012, The chemical transport model Oslo CTM3, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 5, 1561-1626. Vignati, E., et al., 2010, Sources of uncertainties in modelling black carbon at the global scale, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2595-2611, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2595-2010. Walter, K. , et al., 2006, Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming. Nature 443 (7107), 71–75. Westermann, S., et al., 2009, The annual surface energy budget of a high-arctic permafrost site on Svalbard, Norway. The Cryosphere 3 (2), 245–263. Westermann, S., et al., 2011, Modeling the impact of wintertime rain events on the thermal regime of permafrost, The Cryosphere, 5, 945-959, doi:10.5194/tc-5-945-2011. Zhang, T., K. Stamnes, and S.A. Bowling, 1996, Impact of clouds on surface radiative fluxes and snowmelt in the Arctic and Subarctic. J. Climate, 9, 2110-2123.
Curriculum vitae of Andreas Stohl 10/10/2012
Personal information
Born: 23 March 1968 Nationality: Austria Civil status: married, three children
University Degrees
24 March 1992 Diploma degree in meteorology at the University of Vienna, Austria
1 July 1996 PhD degree in meteorology at the University of Vienna, Austria
June 2000 Habilitation at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Employment Record
January 1992 to May 1995 Research assistant at University of Vienna, Austria
June 1995 to April 1997 Research assistant at University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, Austria
April to November 1996 Compulsory military service
December 1996 to May 1997 Contractor, Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics, Vienna, A.
May to July 1997 Research assistant at University of Munich, Germany
August 1997 to July 2003 Assistant professor (C1) first at University of Munich, then at Technical
University of Munich, Germany (no change of position, faculty transfer)
July 2003 to November 2004 Research Associate at University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Since December 2004 Senior scientist at NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller,
Norway
2010 Guest professor at University of Innsbruck, Austria
Research Performance
In the Norwegian Research Council’s Evaluation of the Geosciences in Norway (2011), Stohl’s group was
awarded the top grade, given only to 5 of 65 groups evaluated.
ISI Essential Science Indicators (ESI) lists Andreas Stohl at place 32 of all researchers in the Geosciences in
terms of citations of papers that have appeared during the last 10 years plus 2 months (as of July 2012).
Eleven of Stohl’s papers from that period are also listed as highly cited in ESI (belonging to top 1% of all
papers for year of publication).
The graphs below are taken from ISI Web of Science (July 2012):
ISI Publications in Each Year
ISI Citations in Each Year
227 peer-reviewed articles 11 more articles submitted h-index: 45 (ISI Web of
Science) m-index: 2.5 (h-index divided by number
of years since first
publication)
Reviewing
In the past, Stohl has served as a reviewer for more than 20 different funding agencies (e.g. NSF, NASA,
NOAA in the U.S.A., CFCAS and CSA in Canada, NRF in South Africa, DFG, HGF in Germany, Academy
of Finland, SNSF in Switzerland, NERC and DEFRA in the U.K., NOSR in the Netherlands, COST
secretariate, European Commission, etc.) and for more than 30 different international journals.
Awards
2004 EUROTRAC-2 Young Scientist Award, a one-time prize given to five scientists under the
age of 40 for their achievements during the EUREKA project EUROTRAC-2
2007 NOAA OAR Outstanding Scientific Paper Award from NOAA’s Office for Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research for the paper by O. R. Cooper, A. Stohl, M. Trainer, et al. (2006)
2009 Certificate of Appreciation from the World Meteorological Organization and the
International Council for Science for initiating and leading POLARCAT
2009 Group Achievement Award from NASA for outstanding accomplishments in ARCTAS
2011+2012 Two subsequent Editor’s Citations for Excellence in Refereeing for the American
Geophysical Union’s (AGU) Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
2012 NILU Communication Award 2011 for the interaction with the international media after
the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
Invited presentations
Numerous invited presentations at EGU’s General Assembly, AGU’s Fall Meeting (once two invited
presentations in different sessions at the same conference), IUGG’s General Assembly, and in many
institutional colloquia (e.g., three times in last ten years at ETH Zürich, University of Toronto in 2011, etc.)
Community Services
2002-2003 Spokesperson for the BMBF-funded German Atmospheric Research Program 2000
2003-2004 Associate editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research
Since 2003 Co-editor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
2003-2011 Convener of session “Vertical and long-range transport of trace gases in the troposphere” at
the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union
2002-2011 Head convener or co-convener of sessions at AGU’s Fall Meetings, EGU’s General
Assembly, CACGP Symposium, IGAC Conference, International Polar Year Science
Conference 2010
From 2010 Member of the International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution
2005-2011 Coordinator of POLARCAT (Polar study using aircraft, remote sensing, surface
measurements and models, of climate, chemistry, aerosols, and transport), an International
Polar Year core activity endorsed also by AMAP, IGAC, iLEAPS and SPARC
Year International Scientific Assessments + a Book Role
2011 Quinn, P.K., A. Stohl, et al.: The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate.
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, 72 p., ISBN-978-
82-7971-069-1.
Co-chair with
P.K. Quinn
2011
Cooper, O., D. Derwent, B. Collins, R. Doherty, D. Stevenson, A. Stohl, and P.
Hess: Conceptual Overview of Hemispheric or Intercontinental Transport of
Ozone and Particulate Matter. In: Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010.
Part A: Ozone and Particulate Matter (editors: Dentener, F., T. Keating, and H.
Akimoto). United Nations, New York and Geneva, ISBN 978-92-1-117043-6.
Co-author, Stohl
was coordinating
lead author of
2007 assessment
2011
Montzka, S. A., et al. (including A. Stohl): Chapter 1 – Ozone-depleting
substances (ODSs) and related chemicals. In: Scientific Assessment of Ozone
Depletion: 2010. World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research
and Monitoring Project – Report No. 52, Geneva, ISBN: 9966-7319-6-2.
Co-author
2004 A. Stohl: Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollutants. Springer-Verlag,
Heidelberg, ISBN: 3-540-20563-2, 325p. Editor
Major Funded Research Projects
1996-1997 Principal investigator (PI) of "Accuracy of Trajectories As Determined From Meteorological
Tracers", funded by the Jubiläumsfonds der Oesterreichischen Nationalbank
2000-2002 Coordinator of STACCATO (Influence of Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange in a Changing
Climate on Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity), an EU project
2000-2006 Coordinator of one research project and PI of three other projects funded in the framework of
the German Atmospheric Research Program 2000 (AFO 2000)
2001-2004 PI within PARTS (Particles in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere and their Role
in the Climate System), an EU project
2005-2006 PI of MIRAGE-Forecasts, funded by the Research Council of Norway in their cooperation
program with the United States (62 k€)
2006 PI of MEGAPLUME, a project with 13 flight hours on the German DLR Falcon aircraft,
supported by EUFAR (European Fleet for Airborne Research)
2006-2008 PI of FLEXPOP (Further Development of a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model
(FLEXPART) to Evaluate the Atmospheric Fate and Distribution of POPs), funded by the
Research Council of Norway (300 k€)
2006-2010 PI of WATER-SIP (Where Norway Receives its Water from), funded by the Research
Council of Norway (560 k€)
2007-2009
Coordinator of POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface
Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport), an
International Polar Year project, the Norwegian component funded by the Research Council
of Norway (2.6 million €, 1.9 million € for NILU)
2007-2010 PI in EUCAARI, an Integrated Project coordinated by M. Kulmala (U. Helsinki) and funded
by the European Commission (792 k€ for NILU, including internal funds)
2007-2010 PI of SUMSVAL (A Comparison of Data from Atmospheric Research Stations at Summit,
Greenland, and Zeppelin, Svalbard), funded by the Research Council of Norway (150 k€)
2007-2010 PI in POCAHONTAS, funded by the Research Council of Norway (100 k€ for NILU)
2008-2010 Coordinator of RAPSIFACT (Study of Russian Air Pollution Sources …), funded by the
Research Council of Norway (390 k€, 300 k€ for NILU)
2008-2011 PI in MEGAPOLI, funded by the European Commission (250 k€ for NILU, 75% from EU)
2010-2011 Co-chair of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program’s Expert Group on Short-Lived
Climate Forcers, funded by Norwegian Environmental Protection Agency (100 k€)
Current projects
2009-2012 PI in SHIVA, funded by the European Commission (130 k€ for NILU, 75% from EU)
2010-2012 Coordinator of SOGG-EA (Sources of Greenhouse Gases in East Asia), funded by the
Research Council of Norway (900 k€, 250 k€ for NILU)
2010-2012 Coordinator of CLIMSLIP (Climate Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants in the Polar Regions),
selected by the European Science Foundation and funded by several national research
councils (901 k€, 371 k€ for NILU)
2010-2015 Deputy leader of CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic
Climate), a virtual Nordic Center of Excellence (4.5 M€); leader Markku Kulmala
2011-2013 PI in EARTHCLIM, an Earth System Modeling project coordinated by H. Drange and funded
by the Norwegian Research Council (5 M€, 200 k€ for NILU)
2011-2014 Coordinator of ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived
Pollutants), funded by the European Commission (3.8 M€, 0.7 M€ for NILU)
Selected publications since 2008 (total number since 2008: 94 publications)
Stohl, A., P. Seibert, G. Wotawa, D. Arnold, J. F. Burkhart, S. Eckhardt, C. Tapia, A. Vargas, and T. J.
Yasunari (2012): Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-
ichi nuclear power plant: determination of the source term, atmospheric dispersion, and deposition.
Stohl, A., J. Kim, S. Li, et al. (2010): Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydro-fluorocarbon emissions in East
Asia determined by inverse modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 3545-3560.
Hirdman, D., H. Sodemann, S. Eckhardt, J. F. Burkhart, A. Jefferson, T. Mefford, P. K. Quinn, S. Sharma,
J. Ström, and A. Stohl (2010): Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using
statistical analysis of measurement data and particle dispersion model output. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10,
669-693, doi:10.5194/acp-10-669-2010.
Stohl, A., and H. Sodemann (2010): Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Antarctic troposphere.
J. Geophys. Res. 115, D02305, doi:10.1029/2009JD012536.
Cooper, O. R., D. D. Parrish, A. Stohl, M. Trainer, P. Nédélec, V. Thouret, J. P. Cammas, S. J. Oltmans, B.
J. Johnson, D. Tarasick, T. Leblanc, I. S. McDermid, D. Jaffe, R. Gao, J. Stith, T. Ryerson, K. Aikin,
T. Campos, A. Weinheimer, and M. A. Avery (2010): Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the
free troposphere over western North America. Nature 463, 344-348.
Lammel, G., J. Klánová, J. Kohoutek, R. Prokeš, L. Ries, and A. Stohl (2009): Observation and origin of
organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the free troposphere over central
Europe. Environ. Poll. 157, 3264-3271.
Eckhardt, S., K. Breivik, Y.-F. Li, S. Manø, and A. Stohl (2009): Source regions of some persistent organic
pollutants measured in the atmosphere at Birkenes, Norway. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 6597-6610.
Hirdman, D., K. Aspmo, J. F. Burkhart, S. Eckhardt, H. Sodemann, and A. Stohl (2009): Transport of
mercury in the Arctic atmosphere: Evidence for a spring-time net sink and summer-time source.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L12814, doi:10.1029/2009GL038345.
Stohl, A., P. Seibert, J. Arduini, S. Eckhardt, P. Fraser, B. R. Greally, C. Lunder, M. Maione, J. Mühle, S.
O’Doherty, R. G. Prinn, S. Reimann, T. Saito, N. Schmidbauer, P.G. Simmonds, M. K. Vollmer, R. F.
Weiss, and Y. Yokouchi (2009): An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global
emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons. Atmos. Chem. Phys.
9, 1597-1620, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1597-2009.
Stohl, A. (2008): The travel-related carbon dioxide emissions of atmospheric researchers.
Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 6499-6504.
Eckhardt, S., A. J. Prata, P. Seibert, K. Stebel, and A. Stohl (2008): Estimation of the vertical profile of
sulfur dioxide injection into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption using satellite column
measurements and inverse transport modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 3881-3897, doi:10.5194/acp-8-
3881-2008.
Quinn, P. K., T. S. Bates, E. Baum, N. Doubleday, A. Fiore, M. Flanner, A. Fridlind, T. J. Garrett, D. Koch,
S. Menon, D. Shindell, A. Stohl, and S. G. Warren (2008): Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their
climate impact and possible mitigation strategies. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 1723-1735.
Stohl, A., C. Forster, and H. Sodemann (2008): Remote sources of water vapor forming precipitation on the
Norwegian west coast at 60º N - a tale of hurricanes and an atmospheric river. J. Geophys. Res.113,
D05102, doi:10.1029/2007JD009006.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Bernd Etzelmüller Born: 210463 Nationality: German Present position: Professor Academic degrees: PhD, Physical Geography and Geomatics, University of Oslo, Norway, 1995 MSc, Physical Geography, University of Oslo, Norway, 1989 BSc, Geography, Philipps Universität, Marburg/Lahn, Germany, 1987 Employments and academic visits: 2006 -2007 Lecturer, University Centre on Svalbard (Permafrost modelling) 2006 Visiting researcher at the Departments of Geography, University of Ottawa and Carleton University, Canada 2004 - present Full professor in Physical Geography and GIS, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo 1997-1998 Visiting scientist and guest lecturer at the Departments of Geography, University in Bonn, Germany (“Impact of climate change on glaciers and permafrost”) 1995-2000 Lecturer, University Courses on Svalbard (Glacial and periglacial geomorphology and GIS) 1995-2004 Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, University of Oslo 1993-1995 Amanuensis, Department of Physical Geography, University of Oslo 1992 Project work, Norwegian Polar Institute (Svalbard coast type analysis and distribution) 1989-1990 Project work, Norwegian Road Administration (Road building and mitigation in steep slopes)
Membership in academic and professional committees, scientific review work including peer-review, outreach activities, and other professional merits:
Internal
Study director and vice-chair of the Department of Geosciences (2007 - 2009) Elected board member at the Department of Geosciences (2005 - 2009) Leader, Master’s study program committee for Geoscience, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Science (2003 - 2005) Member, Bachelor’s study program committee for Geosciences and natural resources, Faculty
of Mathematics and natural science (2002 - 2003) Co-chair, Department of Physical Geography (1999 - 2003) External Co-chair, Glacier and permafrost hazards joint working group of the International Permafrost
Association and the International Commission on Snow an Ice (2003 - 2008) Co-ordination committee member of the ESF-funded network PACE21 (2003 - 2006) Co-ordination committee member of the ESF-funded network SEDIFLUX (2003 - 2006) Co-Chair, Mapping and Distribution modelling of mountain permafrost Task Force,
International Permafrost Association(1998 - 2003)
2
Research funding Project leader PermaNordnet (Nordforsk 2012-2014) Project leader CRYOMET (NFR/FRINATEK 2012-2015) Project leader CRYOEX (SIU/Foreign Ministry 2008-2012) Project leader CRYOLINK (NFR/FRINAT 2007-2012) Work group leader in IPY project “Thermal State of Permafrost – TSP-Norway” (NFR 2007 -
2010) Partner in project “Nordic crater impacts” (NFR/IPY 2006-2009) Project leader “Permafrost in Northern Europe - Permafrost distribution and dynamics in
Iceland and Norway” (NFR/FRINAT 2003 – 2006) Partner and theme leader (“GIS and geohazards”) in the International Centre of “Geohazards”,
led by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NFR-funded “Centre of excellence”) 2003 – 2008 Arctic Coastal Dynamics, Sub-group leader for GIS, together with Rune Ødegård, Gjøvik (2002
- 2005) Participation (permafrost mapping and modelling) in the project “Mongolian long-term
ecological research network site”, funded by the Global Environment Facility to the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (2002 - 2006)
Scientific review work
Editor Norwegian Journal of Geography, 1999-2005 PhD candidate evaluation for the University of Helsinki, Finland, University of Trento, Italy,
University of Zurich, Switzerland Application evaluation for NFS (USA), NERC (GB), DFG (Germany), Nationalfond
(Switzerland), Research Council for Canada, Research Council in Austria Journal reviewer for a.o. Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters,
Geografiska Annaler, Geomorphology, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Computer and Geosciences, Cold Region Science and Technology, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Annals of Glaciology, Journal of Glaciology, Quaternary Research Science, Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal of Geographical Information Sciences, Transactions of GIS, Norwegian Journal of Geology, Norwegian Journal of Geography, The Cryopshere, Geografiska Annaler, Global and Planetary Research
Doctoral students presently under supervision
Bård Romstad (DEM analysis and classification in geohazard) Nele Kristin Mayer (Geohazards, co-sup.) Kjersti Gisnås (Snow and permafrost modelling) Linda Aune-Lundberg (Land cover change modelling) MSc students Since 1995 supervised as main supervised over 50 MSc students. Since 2005 30 students PhD – finished (main supervisor) Jan Rasmus Sulebak (Geomorphometry) Bjørn Wangensteen (Remote sensing) Eva Solbjørg Flo Heggem (Permafrost distribution) Jakob Fjellanger (Bedrock geomorphology) Herman Farbrot (Permafrost in Iceland)
3
Svein Olav Krøgli (Geomorphometry) Hanna Ridefeld (Periglacial geomorphology, co-sup.) Tobias Hipp (Permafrost) Karianne Lilleøren (Holocene landscape evolution and permafrost)
Publications (since 2005, peer-reviewed, accepted or recently submitted)
Lilleøren, K.S., Humlum, O. Nesje, A. and Etzelmüller, B., Accepted. Interaction of glacier- and permafrost-related processes during the 'Little Ice Age', exemplified by Omnsbreen, Southern Norway Holocene.
Gisnås, K., Etzelmuller, B., Farbrot, H., Schuler, T.V. and Westermann, S., submitted. CryoGRID 1.0 – Permafrost distribution in Norway estimated by a spatial numerical model. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes.
Hipp, T. and Etzelmuller, B., submitted. Permafrost in rock walls – First rock wall temperature observations and analysis in Southern Norway Permafrost and Periglacial Processes.
Hipp, T., Etzelmüller, B., Farbrot, H., Schuler, T.V. and Westermann, S., 2012. Modelling borehole temperatures in Southern Norway – insights into permafrost dynamics during the 20th and 21st century. The Cryosphere, 6(3): 553-571.
Lilleøren, K.S., Etzelmuller, B., Gisnås, K. and Humlum, O., 2002. The relative age of mountain permafrost - estimation of Holocene permafrost limits in Norway. Global and Planetary Change 92-93, 209–223.
Berthling, I. and Etzelmuller, B., 2011. The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution. Quaternary Research, 75(2): 378-384.
Farbrot, H., Hipp, T.F., Etzelmuller, B., Isaksen, K., Odegard, R.S., Schuler, T.V. and Humlum, O., 2011. Air and Ground Temperature Variations Observed along Elevation and Continentality Gradients in Southern Norway. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 22(4): 343-360.
Westermann, S., Boike, J., Langer, M., Schuler, T.V. and Etzelmüller, B., 2011. Modeling the impact of wintertime rain events on the thermal regime of permafrost. The Cryosphere, 5(4): 945-959.
Berthling, I., and B. Etzelmuller (2011), The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution, Quaternary Research, in press. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.011
Isaksen, K., Odegard, R.S., Etzelmuller, B., Hilbich, C., Hauck, C., Farbrot, H., Eiken, T., Hygen, H.O. and Hipp, T.F., 2011. Degrading Mountain Permafrost in Southern Norway: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Mean Ground Temperatures, 1999-2009. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 22(4): 361-377.
Lilleøren, K.S. and Etzelmuller, B., 2011. A regional inventory of rock glaciers and ice-cored moraines in Norway. Geografiska Annaler, 93(3): 175-191..
Lewkowicz, A.G., Etzelmuller, B. and Smith, S.L., 2011. Characteristics of Discontinuous Permafrost based on Ground Temperature Measurements and Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Southern Yukon, Canada. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 22(4): 320-342.
Etzelmuller, B., T. V. Schuler, K. Isaksen, H. H. Christiansen, H. Farbrot, and L. E. Benestad (2011), Modeling the temperature evolution of Svalbard permafrost during the 20th and 21st century, The Cryosphere, 5, 67-79.
Ridefelt, H., Boelhouwers, J. and Etzelmüller, B., 2011. Local variations of solifluction activity and environment in the Abisko Mountains, Northern Sweden. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(15): 2042-2053.
Hjort, J., B. Etzelmuller, and J. Tolgensbakk (2010), Effects of scale and data source in periglacial distribution modelling in a high Arctic environment, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21(4), 345-354.
Ridefelt, H., B. Etzelmuller, and J. Boelhouwers (2010), Spatial Analysis of Solifluction Landforms and Process Rates in the Abisko Mountains, Northern Sweden, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21(3), 241-255.
Gabrielsen, R. H., J. I. Faleide, C. Pascal, A. Braathen, J. P. Nystuen, B. Etzelmuller, and S. O'Donell (2010), Latest Caledonian to Present tectonomorphological development of southern Norway, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27, 709-723..
Christiansen, H. H., Etzelmüller, B. et al. (2010), The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic Area during the International Polar Year 2007-2009, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21(2), 156-181..
Etzelmuller, B. and Frauenfelder, R. (2009). Factors Controlling the Distribution of Mountain Permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere and Their Influence on Sediment Transfer. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 49(1): p. 48-58.
4
Debella-Gilo, M. and Etzelmuller, B., (2009). Spatial prediction of soil classes using digital terrain analysis and multinomial logistic regression modeling integrated in GIS: Examples from Vestfold County, Norway. Catena, 2009. 77(1): p. 8-18.
Harris, C. L. U. Arenson, H. H. Christiansen, B. Etzelmuller, R. Frauenfelder, S. Gruber, W. Haeberli, C. Hauck, M. Holzle, O. Humlum, K. Isaksen, A. Kaab, M. A. Kern-Lutschg, M. Lehning, N. Matsuoka, J. B. Murton, J. Nozli, M. Phillips, N. Ross, M. Seppala, S. M. Springman and D. V. Muhll (2009). Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses. Earth-Science Reviews, 92(3-4): 117-171.
Ridefelt, H B. Etzelmuller, J. Boelhouwers and C. Jonasson (2008). Mountain permafrost distribution in the Abisko region, sub-Arctic northern Sweden. Norwegian Journal of Geography, 2008. 67: p. 276-289.
Riseborough, D., N. Shiklomanov, B. Etzelmuller, S. Gruber and S. Marchenko (2008). Recent advances in permafrost modelling. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 19(2): p. 137-156.
Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A., Farbrot, H., and Etzelmüller, B. (2007). Permafrost aggradation caused by tephra accumulation over snow-covered surfaces: examples from the Hekla-2000 eruption in Iceland: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 18, p. 269-284.
Berthling, I., and Etzelmüller , B., (2007). Holocene rockwall retreat and the estimation of rock glacier age, Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard: Geografiska Annaler Series a-Physical Geography, v. 89A, p. 83-93.
Etzelmüller, B., Farbrot, H., Guðmundsson, Á., Humlum, O., Tveito, O.E., and Björnsson, H. (2007). The regional distribution of mountain permafrost in Iceland: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 18, p. 185-199.
Etzelmuller, B., Romstad, B., and Fjellanger, J. (2007). Automatic regional classification of topography in Norway: Norwegian Journal of Geology - Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, v. 87, p. 167-180.
Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A., Wangensteen, B., Farbrot, H., and Etzelmüller, B. (2007). Relative surface age-dating of rock glacier systems near Hólar in Hjaltadalur, Northern Iceland: Journal of Quaternary Science, p. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1117.
Farbrot, H., Etzelmüller, B., Gudmundsson, A., Schuler, T.V., Eiken, T., Humlum, O., and Björnsson, H. (2007). Thermal characteristics and impact of climate change on mountain permafrost in Iceland: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, p. F03S90, doi:10.1029/2006JF000541.
Farbrot, H. et al., 2007. Rock glaciers in Tröllaskagi, northern Iceland. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. Bd., 51(2): 1-16.
Sharkhuu, A., Sharkhuu, N., Etzelmüller, B., Heggem, E.S.F., Nelson, F.E., Shiklomanov, N., Goulden, C., and Brown, J. (2007). Permafrost Monitoring in the Hovsgol Mountain Region, Mongolia.: Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth surface, v. 112 (F2), p. Art. No. F02S06 JUN 28 2007
Wangensteen, B., Gudmundsson, A. Eiken, T., Kääb, A. Farbrot, H. and Etzelmüller, B. (2006). Surface displacement and age estimates for selected creeping slope landforms in northern and eastern Iceland using digital photogrammetry. Geomorphology 80, 59-79.
Heggem, E.S.F., Etzelmüller, B., Sharkhuu, N., Goulden, C.E., and Nandinsetseg, B. (2006). Spatial empirical modelling of ground surface temperature in the Hövsgöl area, Northern Mongolia: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 17, p. 357-369.
Etzelmüller, B., Heggem, E.S.F., Sharkhuu, N., Frauenfelder, R., Kääb, A. and Goulden, C. (2006). Mountain permafrost distribution modeling using a multi-criteria approach in the Hövsgöl Area, northern Mongolia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 17 (2): 91-104.
Heggem, E.S.F., Juliussen, H. and Etzelmüller, B. (2005). Mountain permafrost in central-eastern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geography 59: 94-108.
Etzelmüller, B. and Hagen, J.O. (2005). Glacier permafrost interaction in arctic and alpine environments – examples from southern Norway and Svalbard. In: Harris, C. and Murton, J. (eds.). Cryospheric systems – Glaciers and Permafrost. British Geol. Soc., Spec. Publ. 242, 11-27.
CURRICULUM VITAE - Jon Ove Hagen
Name: Jon Ove Hagen
Born: 8. March 1950, Ringebu, Norway Status: Married, two children (b. 1979,1983)
13. Markus Engelhart (end 2013). Mass balance and runoff modelling. Co-supervisor.
14. Torbjørn Østby (end 2014). Energy balance of glaciers in Svalbard. Co-supervisor.
PUBLICATIONS Jon Ove Hagen – 93 since 1983 – here only listed since 2000:
International peer-reviewed journals (reports and abstracts excluded) 1. Rolstad, C., I. M. Whillans, J. O. Hagen and E. Isaksson. 2000. Large-scale force-budget of an outlet glacier:
Jutulstraumen, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology. Vol. 30, 123-128.
2. Hagen, J.O., B. Etzelmüller, & A. M. Nutall, 2000. Runoff and drainage pattern derived from Digital Elevation
Models, Finsterwalderbreen, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology. Vol. 31, 147-152.
3. Hamran, S.E., Hagen, J,O, and Ødegård, R, 2000: Glacier radar Sounding Using Multiple Frequency bands. GPR
2000 Eight International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Australia, Vol 4084, 218-221.
4. Isaksson, E., Pohjohla, V., Jauhiainen, T., Moore, J., Pinglot, J.F., Vaikmäe, R., van de Wal, R. S. W., Hagen,
J.O., Ivask, K., Karlöf, L., Martma, T., Meijer, H. A. J., Mulaveny, R., Thommassen, M., Van den Broeke, M.
2001: A new ice core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard: viewing the data between 1920-1997 in relation to
present climate and environmental conditions. Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 147, no. 157, 335-345.
5. Anisimov, A, Fitzharris, B, Hagen, J.O., Jefferies, R., Marchant, H., Nelson, F., Prowse, T. and Vaughan, D.G.
Polar Regions (Arctic and Anatrctic) p. 801-841.In: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.
Contribution of the Working Group II of the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC). (McCarthy et.al. (eds.)), Cambridge University Press, 1032 pp.
6. Pinglot, J.F., Hagen, J.O., Melvold, K., Eiken, T. and Vincent, C.2001: A mean net accumulation pattern derived
from radioactive layers and radar soundings on Austfonna ice cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. Journal of
Glaciology. Vol. 47, No.159, 555-566.
7. Hodson, A.J., M.Tranter, A.M.Gurnel, M.J. Clarke and J.O.Hagen, 2002: The hydrochemistry of Bayelva, a
high Arctic proglacial stream in Svalbard. Journal of Hydrology, 257, 91-114
8. Svendsen, H., A. Beszczynska-Møller, J. O. Hagen, B. Lefauconnier, V. Tverberg, S. Gerland, J. B. Ørbæk, K.
Bischof, C. Papucci, M. Zajaczkowski, R. Azzolini, O. Bruland, C. Wiencke, J.G. Winther, A. Hodson, P.
Mumford and W. Dallmann, 2002: The physical environment of Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden: an Arctic fiord
system in Svalbard. Polar Research, Vol. 21, no. 1, 133-166.
9. Bruland, O. and J.O. Hagen, 2002: Glacial mass balance of Austre Brøggerbreen (Spitsbergen) 1971-1999,
modelled with a precipitation –runoff model. Polar Research, Vol. 21, no.1, 109-121.
10. Hagen, J.O., K. Melvold, F. Pinglot and J. A. Dowdeswell, 2003: On the net mass balance of the glaciers and ice
caps in Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35(2), 264-270.
11. Hagen, J.O., J. Kohler, K. Melvold and J. G. Winther, 2003: Glaciers in Svalbard: mass balance, runoff and fresh
water flux. Polar Research, 22(2), 145-159.
12. Dowdeswell, J.A. and Hagen, J.O. 2004. Arctic ice masses- (Ch. 15). In Bamber, J.L. and Payne, A.J., (Eds.),
Mass Balance of the Cryosphere, Cambridge University Press, 527-558.
13. Hagen, J.O. and Reeh, N. 2004: In situ measurements techniques: land ice. (Ch. 2). In Bamber, J.L. and Payne,
A.J., (Eds.), Mass Balance of the Cryosphere, Cambridge University Press, 11-42.
14. Hagen, J.O., 2004: The Potential of the Beerenberg Glaciers for Climate Studies, p. 27-63. . In Skreslet S (Ed.)
2004. Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, Boston, London. 363 pp.
ISBN 1-4020-2955-1.
15. Etzelmüller, B. and Hagen, J.O., 2005: Glacier permafrost interaction in arctic and alpine
environments –examples from southern Norway and Svalbard. In: Harris, C. and Murton, J. (eds.).
Cryospheric systems – Glaciers and Permafrost. British Geol. Soc., Spec. Publ. 242, 11-27.
16. Schuler, T., R. Hock, M. Jackson, H. Elvehøy, M. Braun, I. Brown, J. O. Hagen, 2005: Distributed mass balance
and climate sensitivity modelling of Engabreen, Norway. Annals of Glaciology 42, 395-401.
17. Schuler, T. K. Melvold, J. O. Hagen and R. Hock, 2005: Assessing The Future Evolution of Meltwater Intrusions
into a Mine below Gruvefonna, Svalbard, Annals of Glaciology, 42, 262-268.
18. Oerlemans, J. S. Bassford, W. Chapman, J. Dowdeswell, A. Glazovsky, J.O. Hagen, K. Melvold, M. de Ruijter de
Wildt, R.S.W. van de Wal, 2005: Estimating the runoff from Arctic glaciers in the next hundred years, Annals of
Glaciology, 42, 230-236.
19. Hagen, J.O., T. Eiken, J. Kohler and K. Melvold, 2005. Geometry changes on Svalbard glaciers: mass-balance or
dynamic response? Annals of Glaciology 42, 255-261.
20. Lappegard, G., J. Kohler, M. Jackson, & J.O. Hagen. 2006. Characteristics of subglacial drainage systems
deduced from long-term load cell measurements at Engabreen, Norway. Journal of Glaciology, Vol 52, no. 176,
137-148.
21. Wangensteen, Bjørn; Tønsberg, Ole Magnus; Kaab, A; Eiken, Trond; Hagen, Jon Ove. Surface elevation change
and high resolution surface velocities for advancing outlets of Jostedalsbreen. Geografiska Annaler. Series A.
Senior Research Fellow at Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO),
Norway
PREVIOUS POSITIONS: Associate Professor and Post Doc. at the Department of Geophysics at the University of Oslo and scientist at Norwegian Institute for Air Research EDUCATION: 1991 B.Sc. in Computing, Geophysics and Mathematics, University of Oslo 1993 M.Sc. in Geophysics, Meteorology, University of Oslo 1998 PhD in Geophysics, Meteorology, University of Oslo
MAIN EXPERTISE
Radiative forcing of climate change
Atmospheric radiative transfer
Atmospheric compositional change
Aerosols and the direct aerosol effect
Land use change and surface albedo changes
Climate impact of transportation
RELEVANT EXPERIENCE
Participant in the ongoing projects: CarboSeason, ArcAct, EarthClim, GAME (all Norwegian Research Council projects) and ECLIPSE (EU-project)
Participated in EU-projects: PVC, IAFAAE, SOGE, TRADEOFF, RETRO, DAEDALUS, QUANTIFY and in coordinated Norwegian Research Council projects: RegClim, ChemClim, AerOzClim and NRC projects DLM, CITS, radiative forcing of climate change, Climate effects of reducing black carbon emissions, Climsens
Member of the Nordic Centre of Excellence (NCoE) project BACCI (2004-2009), Member of the Nordic Centre of Excellence (NCoE) project Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate (CRAICC) (2010 -)
Lead author IPCC Third assessment report 2001, Working Group I, Chapter 6, Radiative forcing of climate change
Lead author IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Chapter 2, Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
Coordinating Lead Author in the forthcoming IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Chapter 8, Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing
Contributor to WMO 1998, Chapter 10, Climate effects of ozone and halocarbons
Contribution Author to the IPCC special report “Safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system: issues related to hydrocarbons and perfluorocarbons”, Chapter A2
PUBLICATIONS In peer-reviewed journals Gunnar Myhre has more than 90 papers from 25 different journals among them
Science and PNAS. In ISI Web of Knowledge he has more than 3200 citations and an H-index of 32.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS LAST 5 YEARS:
1 . Myhre, G., N. Bellouin, T.F. Berglen, T.K. Berntsen, O. Boucher, A. Grini, I.S.A. Isaksen, M. Johnsrud, M.I.
Mishchenko, F. Stordal, D. Tanré, 2007, Comparison of the radiative properties and direct radiative effect of aerosols
from a global aerosol model and remote sensing data over ocean, Tellus, 59B, 115-129.
2 . Kvalevåg, M.M., G. Myhre, 2007, Human impact on direct and diffuse solar radiation during the industrial era, J.
Climate, 20, 4874-4883.
3 . Myhre, G., F. Stordal, M. Johnsrud, Y.J. Kaufman, D. Rosenfeld, T. Storelvmo, J.E. Kristjansson, T.K. Berntsen, A.
Myhre, I.S.A. Isaksen, Aerosol-cloud interaction inferred from MODIS satellite data and global aerosol models,
2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3081-3101.
4 . Myhre, G., J.S. Nilsen, L. Gulstad, K.P. Shine, B. Rognerud, I.S.A. Isaksen, 2007, Radiative forcing due to
stratospheric water vapour from CH4 oxidation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01807, doi:10.1029/2006GL027472.
5 . Textor, C., M. Schulz, S. Guibert, S. Kinne, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, T. Berntsen, T. Berglen, O. Boucher, M. Chin,
F. Dentener, T. Diehl, J. Feichter, D. Fillmore, P. Ginoux, S. Gong, A. Grini, J. Hendricks, L. Horowitz, P. Huang, I.
S. A. Isaksen, T. Iversen, S. Kloster, D. Koch, A. Kirkevåg, J. E. Kristjansson, M. Krol, A. Lauer, J. F. Lamarque, X.
Liu, V. Montanaro, G. Myhre, J. Penner, G. Pitari, S. Reddy, Ø. Seland, P. Stier, T. Takemura, and X. Tieet al., 2007,
The effect of harmonized emissions on aerosol properties in global models - an AeroCom experiment, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 7, 4489-4501.
6 . Vestreng, V., G. Myhre, H. Fagerli, S. Reis, L. Tarrasón, 2007, Twenty-five years of continuous sulphur dioxide
emission reduction in Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3663-3681.
7 . Myhre, C.L., C. Toledano, G. Myhre, K. Stebel, K.E. Yttri, V. Aaltonen, M. Johnsrud, M. Frioud, V. Cachorro, A. de
Frutos, H. Lihavainen, J.R. Campell, A.P. Chaikovsky, M. Shiobara, E.J. Welton, and K. Tørseth, Regional aerosol
optical properties and radiative impact of the extreme smoke event in the European Arctic in spring 2007, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 7, 5899-5915.
8 . Hoyle, C., T.K Berntsen, G. Myhre, I.S.A. Isaksen, 2007, Secondary Organic Aerosol in the Global Aerosol -
Chemistry Transport Model OSLO CTM2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5675-5694.
9 . Fuglestvedt, J., T. Berntsen, G. Myhre, K. Rypdal, and R. B. Skeie, 2008, Climate impacts from the transport sector,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 454-458.
1 0 . Evan, A. T., A. K. Heidinger, R. Bennartz, V. Bennington, N. M. Mahowald, H. Corrada-Bravo, C. S. Velden, G.
Myhre, and J. P. Kossin, 2008, Ocean temperature forcing by aerosols across the Atlantic tropical cyclone
development region, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q05V04, doi:10.1029/2007GC001774.
1 1 . Myhre, G., C.R. Hoyle, T.F. Berglen, B.T. Johnson, J.M. Haywood, 2008, Modelling of the solar radiative impact of
biomass burning aerosols during the Dust and Biomass-burning Experiment (DABEX), J. Geophys. Res., 113,
D00C16, doi:10.1029/2008/JD009857.
1 2 . Kulmala, M., V.-M. Kerminen, A. Laaksonen, I. Riipinen, M. Sipilä, T. M. Ruuskanen, L. Sogacheva, P. Hari, J.
Bäck, K. E. J. Lehtinen, Y. Viisanen, M. Bilde, B. Svenningsson, M. Lazaridis, K. Tørseth, P. Tunved, E. Douglas
Nilsson, S. Pryor, L.-L. Sørensen, U. Hõrrak, P. M. Winkler, E. Swietlicki, M.-L. Riekkola, R. Krejci, C. Hoyle, Ø.
Hov, G. Myhre, and H.-C. Hansson, 2008, Overview of the biosphere-aerosol-cloud-climate interactions (BACCI)
studies, Tellus, 60B, 300-317.
1 3 . Haywood, J. M., J. Pelon, P. Formenti, N. A. Bharmal, M. Brooks, G. Capes, P. Chazette, C. Chou, S.
Christopher, H. Coe, J. Cuesta, Y. Derimian, K. Desboeufs, G. Greed, M. Harrison, B. Heese, E. J. Highwood, B.
Johnson, M. Mallet, B. Marticorena, J. Marsham, S. Milton, G. Myhre, S.R. Osborne, D.J. Parker, J.-L. Rajot, M.
Schulz, A. Slingo, D. Tanre, and P. Tulet, 2008, Overview of the Dust and Biomass-burning Experiment and
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Special Observing Period-0., J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00C17,
doi:10.1029/2008JD010077.
1 4 . Kristjánsson, J.E., C.W. Stjern, F. Stordal, A.M. Fjæraa, G. Myhre, K. Jónasson, 2008, Cosmic rays and clouds – a
reassessment using MODIS data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8. 7373-7387.
1 5 . Myhre, G., T.F. Berglen, C.R. Hoyle, S.A. Christopher, H. Coe, J. Crosier, P. Formenti, J.M. Haywood, M. Johnsrud,
T.A. Jones, N. Loeb, S. Osborne, and L.A. Remer, 2009, Modelling of chemical and physical aerosol properties
during the ADRIEX aerosol campaign, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 53-66, DOI:10.1002/qj.350.
1 6 . Myhre, G., T.F. Berglen, M. Johnsrud, C. R. Hoyle, T.K. Berntsen, S.A. Christopher, D.W. Fahey, I.S.A. Isaksen,
T.A. Jones, R.A. Kahn, N. Loeb, P. Quinn, L. Remer, J.P. Schwarz, K.E. Yttri, 2009, Modelled radiative forcing of
the direct aerosol effect with multi-observation evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1365-1392.
1 7 . Hoyle, C., G. Myhre, T.K Berntsen, I.S.A. Isaksen, 2009, Anthropogenic influence on SOA and the resulting
4 8 . G. Myhre, B. H. Samset, M. Schulz, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, T. K. Berntsen, H. Bian, N. Bellouin, M. Chin, T. Diehl,
R. C. Easter, J. Feichter, S. J. Ghan, D. Hauglustaine, T. Iversen, S. Kinne, A. Kirkevåg, J.-F. Lamarque, G. Lin,
X. Liu, G. Luo, X. Ma, J. E. Penner, P. J. Rasch, Ø. Seland, R. B. Skeie, P. Stier, T. Takemura, K. Tsigaridis,
Z. Wang, L. Xu, H. Yu, F. Yu, J.-H. Yoon, K. Zhang, H. Zhang, and C. Zhou, 2012, Radiative forcing of the direct
aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 22355-22413
4 9 . D. T. Shindell, J.-F. Lamarque, M. Schulz, M. Flanner, C. Jiao, M. Chin, P. Young, Y. H. Lee, L. Rotstayn, G. Milly,
G. Faluvegi, Y. Balkanski, W. J. Collins, A. J. Conley, S. Dalsoren, R. Easter, S. Ghan, L. Horowitz, X. Liu,
G. Myhre, T. Nagashima, V. Naik, S. Rumbold, R. Skeie, K. Sudo, S. Szopa, T. Takemura, A. Voulgarakis, and J.-
H. Yoon, 2012, Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Discuss., 12, 21105-21210.
5 0 . B. H. Samset, G. Myhre, M. Schulz, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, N. Bellouin, T. K. Berntsen, M. Chin, T. Diehl, R. E.
Easter, S. J. Ghan, T. Iversen, A. Kirkevåg, J.-F. Lamarque, G. Lin, J. Penner, Ø. Seland, R. B. Skeie, P. Stier, T.
Takemura, K. Tsigaridis, K. Zhang, 2012, Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing
uncertainty, Submitted.
CV
Terje Koren Berntsen Born 2. May 1963
Education • 1989. Master of Science in meteorology, Department of Geophysics, University of Oslo,
Norway. Theses: Application of different transport coefficients in a 2-Dimensional model: Calculation of distribution of gases and source distribution for methane.
• 1994. Dr. Scient. in meteorology, Department of Geophysics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Theses: Two- and three-dimensional model calculations of the photochemistry of the troposphere.
Employment • From 2008. Professor in meteorology, at the Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo.
Adjunct Senior Researcher at CICERO (20% position) • 1994-2008: Associate professor Department of Geophysics, University of Oslo, Norway. 50%
position. December. 1999-December 2004, 20% position. • 1994-2008: Senior Research fellow, Center for International climate and environmental
research – Oslo (CICERO). 50% position. December. 1999-December 2004, 80% position. • 1988-1994: Research assistant and PhD-student Department of Geophysics, University of Oslo,
Norway. • Jan.-July 1991, Visiting Scientist, University of California, Irvine, USA. • Apr. – Aug. 1997, Visiting Scientist, Institute of Geophysics, University of Alaska, Fairbanks,
USA. Project Management: Manager of several projects supported by the Norwegian Research Council.
Does Location Matter (2001-2003) Climate Impact of Transport Systems (CITS) (2003-2005) Climate Effects of reducing Black Carbon emissions (2005-2008) Aerosol/gas-phase chemistry and microphysics in global models (2006-2008) Measurements of Black Carbon aerosols in Arctic snow – interpretation of effect on snow reflectance (2007-2009) Constraining total feedback of the climate system by (2008-2011) observations and models
Teaching • Lectures in ‘Modelling of chemical processes in the atmosphere’ (GF328), Department of
Geophysics, University of Oslo, Spring 1992 • Lectures in ‘Introduction to meteorology’ (GF121), Department of Geophysics, University of
Oslo, 1994-1999 • Lectures in ‘Global and regional air pollution’ (GF130), Department of Geophysics, University
of Oslo, 2000-2003. • Lectures in ‘Global and regional air pollution’ (GEF2210), Department of Geosciences,
University of Oslo, 2005-2006, 2011-2012. • Lectures in ‘The Climate System’ (GEF1000), Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo,
2007-2009. • Lectures in ‘Atmospheric Physics (GEF2200), Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo,
2008-2012. Contributions to international assessment reports
• The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate, AMAP Technical report No. 4 (2011) • Lead Author: Chapter 2, Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, Climate
change 2007, Fourth assessment Report from IPCC Working Group I, IPCC, 2007. • Lead Author: Technical Summary, Climate change 2007, Fourth assessment Report from IPCC
Working Group I, IPCC, 2007. • Draft Author: Summary for policymakers, Climate change 2007, Fourth assessment Report from
IPCC Working Group I, IPCC, 2007. • Should ozone and particles be included in future climate agreements, Report to the Nordic Council
of Ministers, 2003. • Contributing author: Chapter 4, Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases , in Climate change
2001, IPCC, 2001. • Contributing author: Chapter 4, ’Modelling of the chemical composition of the future atmosphere’,
in Aviation and the global atmosphere, IPCC, 1999. • Contributing author: Chapter 2, ‘Other trace gases and atmospheric chemistry’, in Climate change
1994, IPCC, 1995. Publications in peer-reviewed International journals and Books within the last 5 years Fuglestvedt, Jan S., Terje Berntsen, Gunnar Myhre, Kristin Rypdal and Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, 2008.
Climate forcing from the Transport Sectors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol 105 (no. 2): pp. 454-458.
Aunan K., Terje K. Berntsen, Gunnar Myhre, Kristin Rypdal, David G. Streets, Jung-Hun Woo, Kirk R. Smith, Air pollution from household fuel burning in Asia counteracts the radiative forcing from Kyoto gases, Submitted to Atm. Environ., 2008.
Berntsen T., and J.S. Fuglestvedt, 2008, Global temperature responses to current emissions from the transport sectors, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 105 (49): 19154-19159.
Rypdal K, Nathan Rive, Terje K Berntsen, Zbigniew Klimont, Torben K Mideksa, Gunnar Myhre, and Ragnhild B. Skeie , Costs and global impacts of black carbon abatement strategies, Tellus, 61, 625-641, 2009.
Hoyle,C.R., Myhre,G., Berntsen,T.K., and Isaksen,I.S.A.: Anthropogenic influence on SOA and the resulting radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 18911-18936, 2008.
D. S. Lee, G. Pitari, V. Grewe, K. Gierens, J. E. Penner, A. Petzold, M. Prather, U. Schumann, A. Bais, T. Berntsen, D. Iachetti, L. L. Lim and R. Sausen, 2009, Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Aviation, Atmospheric Environment (in press).
Eyring V., Ivar S. A. Isaksen, Terje Berntsen, William J. Collins, James J. Corbett, Øyvind Endresen, Roy G. Grainger, Jana Moldanova, Hans Schlager, and David S. Stevenson, 2009, Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Shipping, Atmospheric Environment (in press).
Koch, D., Schulz, M., Kinne, S. et al. ,.: Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 15769-15825, 2009.
Rypdal K., Nathan Rive, Terje Berntsen, Hilde Fagerli, Zbigniew Klimont, Torben K. Mideksa, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, Climate and air quality-driven scenarios of ozone and aerosol precursor abatement, 2009. Environmental Science & Policy,12, 855-869, ISSN 1462-9011, DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2009.08.002.
Aunan K., Terje K. Berntsen, Gunnar Myhre, Kristin Rypdal, David G. Streets, Jung-Hun Woo, Kirk R. Smith, Radiative forcing from household fuel burning in Asia, Atmospheric Environment, 43, 5674-5681, ISSN 1352-2310, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.053.
Isaksen I.S.A., C. Granier, G. Myhre, T.K. Berntsen, S.B. Dalsoren, M. Gauss, Z. Klimont, R. Benestad, P. Bousquet, W. Collins, T. Cox, V. Eyring, D. Fowler, S. Fuzzi, P. Jockel, P. Laj, U. Lohmann, M. Maione, P. Monks, A.S.H. Prevot, F. Raes, A. Richter, B. Rognerud, M. Schulz, D. Shindell, D.S. Stevenson, T. Storelvmo, W.-C. Wang, M. van Weele, M. Wild, D. Wuebbles, Atmospheric composition change: Climate-Chemistry interactions, Atmospheric Environment, 43, 5138-5192, ISSN 1352-2310, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.003.
Uherek E., Tomas Halenka, Jens Borken-Kleefeld, Yves Balkanski, Terje Berntsen, Carlos Borrego, Michael Gauss, Peter Hoor, Katarzyna Juda-Rezler, Jos Lelieveld, Dimitrios Melas, Kristin Rypdal, Stephan Schmid, Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Land Transport, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 44, 2010, Pages 4772-4816
Fuglestvedt J., T. Berntsen, V. Eyring, I. Isaksen, D. S. Lee, R. Sausen, Shipping Emissions: From Cooling to Warming of Climate—and Reducing Impacts on Health, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43, pp 9057–9062
Skeie RB, Fuglestvedt J, Berntsen T, Lund MT, Myhre G, Rypdal K, Global temperature change from the transport sectors: Historical development and future scenarios, Atm Env. 43, 6260-6270, 2009
Borken-Kleefeld J., Terje Berntsen and Jan Fuglestvedt, Specific Climate Impact of Passenger and Freight Transport, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 5700–5706, 2010, DOI: 10.1021/es9039693
G.Myhre, K.P.Shine, G.Rädel, M.Gauss, I. S.A. Isaksen, Qi Tang, M.J. Prather, J. E. Williams, P. van Velthoven, O. Dessens, B. Koffi, S. Szopa, P. Hoor ,V. Grewe, J. Borken-Kleefeld, T.K. Berntsen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, Radiative forcing due to changes in ozone and methane caused by the transport sector, Accepted in Atmospheric Env., 2010
Berntsen T., K. Tanaka, and J.S. Fuglestvedt, Does black carbon abatement hamper CO2 abatement?, Climatic Change Letters, 103, 627-633, 2010.
Fuglestvedt, Jan S., Keith P. Shine, Jolene Cook, Terje Berntsen, David Lee, Andrea Stenke, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Guus Velders and Ian Waitz, 2009. Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Metrics. Atmospheric Environment, Volume 44, Issue 37, December 2010, Pages 4648-4677.
Aamaas, B., C.E. Bøggild, F. Stordal, T. Berntsen, K. Holmén and J. Ström, Elemental carbon deposition to Svalbard snow from Norwegian settlements and long-range transport, Tellus B, 63, 340–351, 2011,
Øivind Hodnebrog, Frode Stordal, Terje K. Berntsen Does the resolution of megacity emissions impact large scale ozone? Atmospheric Environment, Volume 45, Issue 38, December 2011, Pages 6852-6862
Myhre G., J.S. Fuglestvedt, T. Berntsen and M.T. Lund. Mitigation of short-lived heating components may lead to unwanted long-term consequences, Atm. Environrn., 45, 6103-6106, 2011.
Hodnebrog Ø., T. K. Berntsen, O. Dessens, M. Gauss, V. Grewe, I. S. A. Isaksen, B. Koffi, G. Myhre, D. Olivié, M. J. Prather, J. A. Pyle, F. Stordal, S. Szopa, Q. Tang, P. van Velthoven, J. E. Williams, and K. Ødemark, Future impact of non-land based traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH – an optimistic scenario and a possible mitigation strategy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11293-11317, 2011.
Skeie, R.B., T. Berntsen, G. Myhre, C. A. Pedersen, J. Ström, S. Gerland, and J. A. Ogren, Black carbon in the atmosphere and snow, from pre-industrial times until present, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6809-6836, 2011
Skeie R.B., T. K. Berntsen, G. Myhre, K. Tanaka, M. M. Kvalevåg, and C. R. Hoyle, Anthropogenic radiative forcing time series from pre-industrial times until 2010 Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11827-11857, 2011
CHERUBINI F., G. PETERS, T. BERNTSEN, A. . STRØMMAN, and E. HERTWICH, CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric decay and contribution to global warming, GCB Bioenergy (2011), doi: 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01102.x
Peters G., Borgar Aamaas, Terje Berntsen, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, The integrated Global Temperature change Potential (iGTP) and relationships between emission metrics, Accepted in Env. Res. Lett. , 2011.
Pfeffer M.A., J. E. Kristjansson, F. Stordal, T. Berntsen, and J. Fast, Indirect radiative forcing of aerosols via water vapor above non-precipitating maritime cumulus clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 27637-27659, 2011
Ødemark K., Stig B. Dalsøren, Bjørn Hallvard Samset, Terje K. Berntsen, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, and Gunnar Myhre, Climate forcing from current shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1979-1993, 2012
Aldrin M., M. Holden, P. Guttorp,R. Bieltvedt Skeie, G. Myhre, T. Berntsen, "Bayesian estimation of the climate sensitivity based on a simple climate model fitted to observations of hemispheric temperatures and global ocean heat content", accepted in Environmetrics, 2011.
Skeie R. B., G. Myhre, T. Berntsen, Aldrin M., M. Holden, A lower and more constrained estimate of climate sensitivity using updated observations and detailed radiative forcing time series, Submitted to Journal of Climate, 2012
Lund M. and Berntsen, Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6999-7014, 2012
Tanaka K., Terje Berntsen, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, and Kristin Rypdal Climate Effects of Emission Standards: The Case for Gasoline and Diesel Cars, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46 (9), pp 5205–5213
Y. H. Lee, J.-F. Lamarque, M. G. Flanner, C. Jiao, D. T. Shindell, T. Berntsen, M. M. Bisiaux, J. Cao, W. J. Collins, M. Curran, R. Edwards, G. Faluvegi, S. Ghan, L. W. Horowitz, J. R. McConnell, G. Myhre, T. Nagashima, V. Naik, S. T. Rumbold, R. B. Skeie, K. Sudo, T. Takemura, and F. Thevenon. Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from ACCMIP (Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project). Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 21713-21778, 2012
G. Myhre, B. H. Samset, M. Schulz, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, T. K. Berntsen, H. Bian, N. Bellouin, M. Chin, T. Diehl, R. C. Easter, J. Feichter, S. J. Ghan, D. Hauglustaine, T. Iversen, S. Kinne, A. Kirkevåg, J.-F. Lamarque, G. Lin, X. Liu, G. Luo, X. Ma, J. E. Penner, P. J. Rasch, Ø. Seland, R. B. Skeie, P. Stier, T. Takemura, K. Tsigaridis, Z. Wang, L. Xu, H. Yu, F. Yu, J.-H. Yoon, K. Zhang, H. Zhang, and C. Zhou. Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 22355-22413, 2012
M. Sand, T. K. Berntsen, J. E. Kay, J. F. Lamarque, Ø. Seland, and A. Kirkevåg, The Arctic response to remote and local forcing of black carbon. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 18379-18418, 2012
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Sebastian Westermann
Born: 25. April 1980
Nationality: German
University Degrees
May 2006 Diploma degree in Physics at the Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany
October 2010 PhD degree in Physics at the Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Germany
Education
2000-2006 Studies of Physics with subsidiary subjects Mathematics and
Computer Science at University of Freiburg, Germany, and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
2007-2010 PhD at Institute of Environmental Physics of University of
Heidelberg and Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam, Germany (PhD thesis
title: “Sensitivity of Permafrost”)
Employment Record
2002-2006 Teaching assistant at University of Freiburg, Germany
2007-2010 PhD position at Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Potsdam,
Germany
Since 2011 PostDoc position at University of Oslo, Norway
Since September
2012
20% assoc. professorship at Center for Permafrost
(CENPERM), Copenhagen, Denmark
Lecturing
Since 2011 25% teaching position at University of Oslo, Norway (mainly
on computer science, remote sensing techniques, and cryospheric modeling)
June 2012 Co-Organizer and lecturer of the PermaNordNet permafrost
modeling course (international postgraduate course) held at University of Oslo, Norway
Reviewing
Reviewer for The Cryosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, Climate of the Past, Remote Sensing, and Atmosphere
Memberships
Permafrost Young Researcher Network (PYRN), American Geophysical Union
(AGU), German Physical Society (DPG), German Polar Society (DGP)
Participation in scientific projects
2007-2010 Sensitivity of Permafrost in the Arctic (SPARC), a Helmholtz Young Investigator group (led by J. Boike) at Alfred-
Wegener-Institute, Potsdam, Germany
2009-2012 European Space Agency (ESA) Data User Element (DUE)
Permafrost
2011 Permafrost and seasonal frost in Southern Norway: understanding and modelling the atmosphere-ground
temperature (CRYOLINK), funded by the Research Council of Norway
Since 2011 Changing Permafrost in the Arctic and its Global Effects in the 21st century (PAGE21), funded by the European Union
Since 2012 Bridging models for the terrestrial cryosphere and the
atmosphere (CRYOMET), funded by the Research Council of
Norway
Since 2012 Champion User of ESA DUE GlobTemperature
Since 2012 Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Centre of Excellence funded by the Danish National Research Foundation
Field Research Campaigns
2007-2010 Five campaigns in Svalbard and Alaska (in total ten months)
2011-2012 Campaigns in Svalbard, Norway, and Mongolia
Scholarships and Awards
2005-2006 Scholarship from the “German National Academic
Foundation”
2008 “Best-Presentation Award” for Young Scientists at the AGU Fall Meeting 2008, awarded by “Permafrost Young
Researchers Network” and the “United States Permafrost Association”
2012 Annual award of the “Viktor and Sigrid Dulger foundation” for the best dissertation in environmental sciences at the University of Heidelberg, Germany (10,000€)
Talks and poster presentations
Talks at international conferences (EGU General Assembly, International
Conference on Permafrost) and workshops (e.g. ESA Data User Consultation,
Svalbard Science Forum) since 2008, more than 20 poster presentations at
international conferences and workshops since 2007
Peer-reviewed publications (published, accepted or submitted)
Boike, J., Kattenstroth, B., Abramova, K., Bornemann, N., Chetverova, A., Fedorova, I., Fröb, K., Grigoriev, M., Grüber, M., Kutzbach, L., Langer, M.,
Minke, M., Muster, S., Piel, K., Pfeiffer, E.-M., Stoof, G., Westermann, S., Wischnewski, K., Wille, C., and Hubberten, H.-W.: Baseline characteristics
of climate, permafrost, and land cover from a new permafrost observatory in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (1998−2011), Biogeosciences Discuss., 9, 13627-13684, doi:10.5194/bgd-9-13627-2012, 2012.
Gisnås, K., Etzelmüller, B., Farbrot, H., Schuler, T., Westermann, S.: CryoGRID 1.0: Permafrost distribution in Norway estimated by a spatial numerical
model, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, submitted, 2012.
borehole temperatures in Southern Norway – insights into permafrost dynamics during the 20th and 21st century, The Cryosphere, 6, 553-571, 2012.
Overduin, P., Westermann, S., Yoshikawa, K., Haberlau, T., Romanovsky, V., Wetterich, S.: Geoelectric observations of the degradation of near-shore
submarine permafrost at Barrow (Alaskan Beaufort Sea), Journal of Geophysical Research- Earth Surface, 117, F02004,
doi:10.1029/2011F002088, 2012.
Muster, S., Langer, M., Heim, B., Westermann, S., Boike, J.: Subpixel heterogeneity of ice-wedge polygonal tundra: A multi-scale analysis of
land cover and evapotranspiration in the Lena River Delta, Siberia, Tellus B, 64, 17301, doi:10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17301, 2012.
Westermann, S., Langer, M., Boike, J.: Systematic bias of average winter-time land surface temperatures inferred from MODIS at a site on Svalbard, Norway, Remote Sensing of Environment, 118, 162-167, 2011.
Westermann, S., Boike, J., Langer, M., Schuler, T., Etzelmüller, B.: Modeling the impact of wintertime rain events on the thermal regime of permafrost,
The Cryosphere, 5, 945-959, 2011.
Langer, M., Westermann, S., Muster, S., Piel, K., Boike, J.: The surface energy balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 2: Winter, The
Cryosphere, 5, 509-524, 2011.
Langer, M., Westermann, S., Muster, S., Piel, K., Boike, J.: The surface energy
balance of a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia – Part 1: Spring to fall, The Cryosphere, 5, 151–171, 2011.
Westermann, S., Langer, M., Boike, J.: Spatial and temporal variations of
summer surface temperatures of high-arctic tundra on Svalbard – implications for satellite based permafrost monitoring, Remote Sensing of
Environment, 115 (3) , 908-922, 2011.
Westermann, S., Wollschläger, U., Boike, J.: Monitoring of active layer dynamics at a permafrost site on Svalbard using multi-channel ground-
penetrating radar, The Cryosphere, 4, 475-487, 2010.
Langer, M., Westermann, S., Boike, J.: Spatial and temporal variations of
summer surface temperatures at the wet polygonal tundra in Siberia – implications for satellite based permafrost monitoring, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114 (9), 2059-2069, 2010.
Westermann, S., Lüers, J., Langer, M., Piel, K., Boike, J.: The annual surface energy budget of a high-arctic permafrost site on Svalbard, Norway, The
Cryosphere, 3, 245-263, 2009.
Amthor, T., Reetz-Lamour, M., Westermann, S., Denskat, J., Weidemüller, M.: Mechanical effect of van der Waals interactions observed in real time in an
Reetz-Lamour, M., Amthor, T., Westermann, S., Denskat, J., de Oliveira, A. L.,
Weidemüller, M.: Modeling few-body phenomena in an ultracold Rydberg gas, Nuclear Physics A, 790, 728c, 2007.
Reetz-Lamour, M., Amthor, T., Deiglmayer, J., Westermann, S., Singer, K., de Oliveira, A. L., Marcasse, L. G., Weidemüller, M.: Prospects of ultracold Rydberg gases for quantum information processing, Fortschritte der Physik
54 (8-10), 776-787, 2006.
Westermann, S., Amthor, T., de Oliveira, A. L., Deiglmayer, J., Reetz-Lamour,
M., Weidemüller, M.: Dynamics of resonant energy transfer in a cold Rydberg gas, European Journal of Physics D, 40, 37, 2006.
Deiglmayer, J., Reetz-Lamour, M., Amthor, T., Westermann, S., de Oliveira, A.
L., Weidemüller, M.: Coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms in an ultracold gas, Optics Communications, 264, 293-298, 2006.
Permafrost and Frozen Ground, in: Tedesco, M. (Ed.): Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere, submitted, 2012.
Boike, J., Langer, M., Lantuit, H., Muster, S., Roth, K., Sachs, T., Overduin, P.,
Westermann, S., McGuire, D.: Permafrost - Physical Aspects, Carbon Cycling, Databases and Uncertainties, in: Lal, R., Lorenz, K., Hüttl, R.,
Schneider, B., von Braun, J. (Eds.): Ecosystems and the Global Carbon Cycle, 559 p., Springer, 2012.
Curriculum vitae Maria Malene Kvalevåg
Address: Torshovgata 14a
0476 OSLO Date of Birth: 1st of May 1980 Phone: +47 99791100 Nationality: Norwegian Email: [email protected]
Professional Experience:
2009 – d.d CICERO – Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo
-Forsker 2 (Senior Research Fellow)
Autumn 2005 University of Oslo (UiO), Dept. of Geosciences, Section of Meteorology and oceanography, Research Assistant
2004 Norwegian Institute for Air Research
(NILU), Research Assistant, 20 % position and summer job
Education:
2006-2008 University of Oslo (UiO), Dept. of Geosciences, Section of Meteorology and oceanography, PhD- degree
2003-2005: University of Oslo (UiO), Dept. of
Geosciences, Section of Meteorology and oceanography, Master-degree
2000-2003: University of Oslo (UiO), Dept. of
Geosciences, Section of Meteorology and oceanography, Bachelor-degree
Publications: Skeie, R. et al, 2011: Anthropogenic radiative forcing time series from pre-industrial times until 2010, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Vol. 11, 22, 11827-11857, DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-11827-2011
Kvalevåg, M. M., G. Myhre, G. Bonan and S. Levis, 2010: Anthropogenic land cover changes in a GCM with surface albedo changes based on MODIS data, International Journal of Climatology, Vol.30, 13, 2105–2117 Myhre et al, 2009: Intercomparison of radiative forcing calculations of stratospheric water vapour and contrails. METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, Vol. 18, 6, 585-596, DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0411
Kvalevåg, M. M., G. Myhre and C. L. Myhre, 2009: Extensive reduction of surface UV radiation since 1750 in world's populated regions, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Vol.9,20, 7737-7751. Kvalevåg, M. M. and G. Myhre, 2007: Human impact on direct and diffuse solar radiation during the industrial era. Journal of Climate, 20, 4874-4883.
Myhre, G., Kvalevåg, M., Schaaf, C. (2005) Radiative forcing due to anthropogenic vegetation change based on MODIS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol.32, doi:10.1029/2005GL024004
Bo Elberling
Page 1 of 4 10/16/2012
Bo Elberling
Professor, Dr. Scient, PhD.
Director of Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)
Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen
Grant ManagementGrant ManagementGrant ManagementGrant Management since 2008since 2008since 2008since 2008
++++ PI (co-work package leader) for EU project ECLIPSE 2011201120112011----2014201420142014
“Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants”
++++ PI (co-work package leader) for EU Infrastructure project ACTRIS 2011201120112011----2013201320132013
“Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network”
++++ Responsible in EU framework projects GEMS, MACC, MACC-II 2007200720072007----2013201320132013
for evaluating the global MACC IFS aerosol model with AeroCom tool
++++ PI (work package leader) in ESA cci-aerosol project 2010201020102010----2012201220122012
"Evaluation of aerosol retrievals based on ESA satellite observations"
++++ PI (work package leader) for geo-engeneering project EU-IMPLICC 2009200920092009----2012201220122012
“Implications and risks of engineering solar radiation to limit climate change”
++++ PI (co-work package leader) for INFRA project EU-ISENES 2009200920092009----2013201320132013
“Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modelling”
++++ PI (work package leader) for IP project EU-EUCAARI 2007200720072007----2010201020102010
„European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions“
++++ Activity leader for ‘Modelling’ WPs in EU IP project GEOMON 2007200720072007----2010201020102010
“Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere”
DR. M ICHAEL SCHULZ / CV 3
++++ PI in french CNES TOSCA project on exploitation of Caliop lidar data 2009200920092009----2010201020102010
“Assessment of the aerosol radiative forcing including a multi-model evaluation of the vertical
aerosol distribution
Selected refereed pSelected refereed pSelected refereed pSelected refereed publicationsublicationsublicationsublications since since since since 2008200820082008
total 65 rang Atotal 65 rang Atotal 65 rang Atotal 65 rang A
hhhh----index 30index 30index 30index 30
Schulz M.Schulz M.Schulz M.Schulz M., J. M. Prospero, A. R. Baker, F. Dentener, L. Ickes, P. S. Liss, N. M. Mahowald, S. Nickovic, C. Perez
García-Pando, S. Rodríguez, M. Sarin, I. Tegen, and R. A. Duce, Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of
Mineral Dust to the Ocean: Implications for Research Needs, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 10390−10404.
Dufresne, J-L - Foujols, M-A - Denvil, S. - Caubel, A. - Marti, O. - Aumont, O - Balkanski, Y - Bekki, S - Bellenger, H
- Benshila, R - Bony, S - Bopp, L - Braconnot, P - Brockmann, P - Cadule, P - Cheruy, F - Codron, F - Cozic, A
- Cugnet, D - de Noblet, N - Duvel, J-P - Ethé, C - Fairhead, L - Fichefet, T - Flavoni, S - Friedlingstein, P -
Grandpeix, J-Y - Guez, L - Guilyardi, E - Hauglustaine, D - Hourdin, F - Idelkadi, A - Ghattas, J - Joussaume, S
- Kageyama, M - Krinner, G - Labetoulle, S - Lahellec, A - Lefebvre, M-P - Lefevre, F - Levy, C - Li, Z. X. -
Lloyd, J - Lott, F - Madec, G - Mancip, M - Marchand, M - Masson, S - Meurdesoif, Y - Mignot, J - Musat, I -
Parouty, S - Polcher, J - Rio, C - Schulz, MSchulz, MSchulz, MSchulz, M - Swingedouw, D - Szopa, S - Talandier, C - Terray, P - Viovy, N:
Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to CMIP5, submitted to
Climate Dynamics, Oct 2011.
Szopa S., Y. Balkanski, M. Schulz, M. Schulz, M. Schulz, M. Schulz, S. Bekki, D. Cugnet, A. Fortems-Cheiney, S. Turquety, A. Cozic, C. Déandreis, D.
Hauglustaine, A. Idelkadi, J. Lathière, F. Lefevre, M. Marchand, R. Vuolo, N. Yan and J.-L. Dufresne. Aerosol
and Ozone changes as forcing for Climate Evolution between 1850 and 2100. Climate Dynamics, 2012, DOI:
10.1007/s00382-012-1408-y.
Schmidt, H., Alterskjær, K., Bou Karam, D., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Kristjánsson, J. E., Niemeier, U., Schulz,Schulz,Schulz,Schulz, M.,M.,M.,M.,
Aaheim, A., Benduhn, F., Lawrence, M., and Timmreck, C.: Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative
forcing from a quadrupling of CO2: climate responses simulated by four earth system models, Earth Syst.
Shindell, D. T., ..., Schulz,Schulz,Schulz,Schulz, M.,M.,M.,M., .., 2008, A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 8, 5353-5372.
Suggested Reviewers Vladimir E. Romanovsky Professor of Geophysics Geophysical Institute UAF Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 tel.: (907)474-7459 email: [email protected] www.permafrostwatch.org Skype: vladimir.romanovsky Martin Sharp Professor and Chair Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Ab, T6G 2E3, Canada [email protected] Tel: (1) 780 492 5249 Professor Mark Flanner Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences Michigan College og Engineering 2527B Space Research Bldg. 2455 Hayward St. Ann Arbor, MI 28109-2143 Phone: (734) 615-3605 e-mail: [email protected]
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Large-scale Research Sector Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
President: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Umbach Vice Presidents: Dr. Elke Luise Barnstedt, Dr. Ulrich Breuer, Dr.-Ing. Peter Fritz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Detlef Löhe
KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu
Re: Your proposal for the project “ASEBAC” Dear Jón Egill, I would like to express my enthusiastic support for your planned contribution to the project “Atmos-pheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere (ASEBAC)”. The Arctic is a region of high climate sensitivity, where global warming and changes in atmospheric compo-sition, in particular in the concentrations of short-lived climate forcers such as black carbon, induce feedbacks on Arctic clouds, surface fluxes, sea-ice cover and the terrestrial cryosphere. Aerosol in-direct effects, caused by the ability of aerosol particles to act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, are a factor of high uncertainty for the prediction of present and future climate in this region. Your project will be crucial in advancing our understanding of the interactions. As you know, I am currently working on advanced parameterizations of heterogeneous ice nucle-ation (see also Hoose and Möhler, review article in press at Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics) and their implementation into cloud microphysics schemes for different numerical model. These re-fined parameterizations are based on laboratory ice nucleation experiments, as e.g. carried out in the AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber here at the Karls-ruhe Institute of Technology. In particular, our recent experiments on the influence of coatings on the ice nucleation ability seem to be of interest for your project, as Arctic aerosols have undergone long-range transport and atmospheric aging. I will make these data and parameterizations derived from them available to you. Furthermore, I am looking forward to collaborating with you on the de-velopment of a state-of-the art treatment of ice nucleation for your model and its application to Arctic clouds. Yours sincerely,
Dr. Corinna Hoose, Helmholtz-University Young Investigator Group Leader Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu
Re: Your proposal for the project “ASEBAC” Dear Jón Egill, I would like to express my enthusiastic support for your planned contribution to the project “Atmos-pheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere (ASEBAC)”. The Arctic is a region of high climate sensitivity, where global warming and changes in atmospheric compo-sition, in particular in the concentrations of short-lived climate forcers such as black carbon, induce feedbacks on Arctic clouds, surface fluxes, sea-ice cover and the terrestrial cryosphere. Aerosol in-direct effects, caused by the ability of aerosol particles to act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, are a factor of high uncertainty for the prediction of present and future climate in this region. Your project will be crucial in advancing our understanding of the interactions. As you know, I am currently working on advanced parameterizations of heterogeneous ice nucle-ation (see also Hoose and Möhler, review article in press at Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics) and their implementation into cloud microphysics schemes for different numerical model. These re-fined parameterizations are based on laboratory ice nucleation experiments, as e.g. carried out in the AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber here at the Karls-ruhe Institute of Technology. In particular, our recent experiments on the influence of coatings on the ice nucleation ability seem to be of interest for your project, as Arctic aerosols have undergone long-range transport and atmospheric aging. I will make these data and parameterizations derived from them available to you. Furthermore, I am looking forward to collaborating with you on the de-velopment of a state-of-the art treatment of ice nucleation for your model and its application to Arctic clouds. Yours sincerely,
Dr. Corinna Hoose, Helmholtz-University Young Investigator Group Leader Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Official in charge: Dr. Corinna Hoose Date: 2012-10-15
Prof. Dr. Jón Egill Kristjánsson Institutt for Geofag Universitetet i Oslo Postboks 1022 Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway
The National Center for Atmospheric Research
is operated by the
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
under sponsorship of the
National Science Foundation.
National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate and Global Dynamics (CGD) Division P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000 USA Phone: 303.497.1464 Fax: 303.497.1324 www.cgd.ucar.edu
October 16, 2012 Prof. T. K. Berntsen Department of Geosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo Dear Prof. Berntsen, It is with great pleasure that I write a letter of support for your proposal “Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere” to the Polar Program of the Norwegian Research Council on interactions between short-lived climate forcers and the Arctic cryosphere. I am very interested in your proposal to investigate feedback mechanisms between the changing cryosphere and changes in short lived climate forcings, and I am happy to support your proposal as a partner. The Arctic climate system, and aerosol-cloud interactions are active interests in my group at NCAR that is continuing to develop the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), which is also used in NorESM. We are happy to help with advice on use and development of CAM, as well as appropriate access to development versions of the model. I am very interested in collaborating as well on implementing some of the latest lab studies that can advance the ice nucleation parameterizations. Sincerely,
Andrew Gettelman
D E P A R T M E N T O F G E O G R A P H Y & G E O L O G Y U N I V E R S I T Y O F C O P E N H A G E N
LETTER OF SUPPORT Dear Prof. Berntsen. I provide this letter in support your proposal “ASEBAC - Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere”. The Center for Permafrost (CENPERM) in Copenhagen is the leading institution for permafrost research in Greenland. It is funded by a six year Centre of Excellence grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. CENPERM will integrate multi-disciplinary research of biogeochemical and physical processes in a “climate-vegetation-soil-microorganism-permafrost” approach in transects across the major climate zones of Greenland. The CENPERM team consists of leading international researchers on soil biogeochemical processes in cold regions and CENPERM is a participant in the European permafrost projects Page21 and INTERACT as well as the Nordic DEFROST project. The PI of WP3 in ASEBAC, Dr. Sebastian Westermann, holds a part-time position at CENPERM and is in charge of thermal permafrost modeling. CENPERM conducts research on the carbon and nitrogen dynamics in East Greenland, with a special emphasis on emission of greenhouse gases from the permafrost soil. Between West Svalbard and Northeast Greenland, one of the largest climatic gradients in the entire Arctic is found. Comparing results from these two regions can thus make a significant contribution to unraveling the complex physical and biogeochemical processes in permafrost soils. We see excellent synergies that would result from collaboration with you in the ASEBAC project. We confirm our interest to collaborate with ASEBAC to improve the Earth System understanding of the coupled permafrost-snow-atmosphere system. CENPERM features state-of-the-art laboratory equipment for the analysis of soil samples. We will assist in and the analysis of soil and gas samples collected in ASEBAC by lab facilities and guide these activities through the long-term practical experience that CENPERM researchers have collected in this field.
We are of the opinion that the scientific collaborations between CENPEM and ASEBAC will deliver novel and innovative research on important processes in the terrestrial Cryosphere. Through joint scientific analysis of data and publication of results, it will foster a strengthening of international and cross-disciplinary co-operation in the Nordic Countries. We welcome the initiative of ASEBAC and look forward to a fruitful collaboration. Sincerely,
Bo Elberling Professor, Dr. Scient. & Director of CENPERM
Institute for Climate & Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDSJón Egill KristjánssonUniversity of Oslo, Norway
October 16, 2012
Re: Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere – ASEBAC
Dear Jón
I am writing to offer the formal support, as lead investigator, of the participants in the Aerosol-CloudCoupling And Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) consortium project for your proposal“Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere – ASEBAC”.
There are strong synergies between ACCACIA and your proposed study, and we are enthusiastic aboutthe potential for collaboration and data sharing to benefit both projects.
The ACCACIA team consists of a consortium of 4 UK Universities (Leeds, Manchester, York, and UEA),the British Antarctic Survey, and the UK Met Office, and is funded by the UK Natural EnvironmentResearch Council (NERC) with additional support from both BAS and the Met Office, and is part of a wider5-year NERC Arctic Science Programme.
ACCACIA focuses on the links between aerosol sources in and around Arctic sea ice, and their impact onboundary layer cloud microphysical properties; along with the dynamic interactions with the boundarylayer that couple the cloud to the surface. We will undertake two field campaigns in the vicinity of Svalbardin 2013: at the end of spring (late March-early April) and late July.
Airborne measurements of aerosol physics and chemistry, cloud microphysics, radiative fluxes, andthermodynamic and turbulence structure will be made by both the joint NERC/MetOffice FAAM researchaircraft and the smaller BAS MASIN Twin Otter aircraft. Surface measurements of aerosol production,chemistry, and precursor gases will be made from a research ship. Associated modelling studies will takeplace on a range of scales, from detailed process box-models of aerosol and cloud microphysicalprocesses, through large eddy simulation, off-line chemical and aerosol process models coupled toGCMs, and ultimately climate models aimed at examining the impact on Arctic & global climate.
We will be happy to share data and results from ACCACIA with ASEBAC (subject to a mutually agreedarrangement to avoid any conflict with our own analysis and modelling efforts and for appropriatecoauthorship/acknowledgment for all published results). For the benefit of your funding agency, it is worthnoting your existing valuable contribution to ACCACIA modelling activities as a formal external projectpartner. The partnership with ASEBAC will broaden and strengthen this collaboration, and we look forwardto a productive partnership.
On behalf of the ACCACIA lead investigators:Dr Ian Brooks, Prof. Ken Carslaw, Dr Barbara Brooks, Dr Steven Dobbie (University of Leeds); Prof Tom Choularton,Prof Martin Gallagher, Prof Gordon McFiggans, Prof Hugh Coe, Dr, Keith Bower, Dr Paul Connolly, Dr James Allan(University of Manchester); Prof Ian Renfrew (University of East Anglia); Prof Lucy Carpenter, Dr James Hokins, DrJacqui Hamilton (University of York); Dr John King, Dr Tom Lachlan-Cope, Dr Alexandra Weiss (British AntarcticSurvey)
I’m writing this letter in support of Prof. Jon Ove Hagen and Dr.
Thomas Vikhamar Shuler’s work package 4: “Glacier mass
balance and dynamic processes”, which is a part of the
application “Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and
the Arctic terrestrial Cryosphere”.
I’m happy to be invited to participate in the proposed project as
an international cooperative partner. I would contribute with
detailed mapping of the subglacial topography as well as other
properties at the glacier bed using Low-frequency radar (1-
15MHz). The goal is to delineate the basal thermal regime and
distribution of subglacial water. This data together with other
data collected in the project will improve our understanding of
basal processes and their role in glacier response to climate
forcing. It will also serve as boundary condition data for
numerical simulations of the ice flow. At Uppsala University we
have been working with different types of ice penetrating radar
systems to investigate basal conditions of glaciers. Recently we
have been involved in similar projects on both West Greenland
and Svalbard (at a neighboring Ice Cap to Austfonna).
Experience, tools and technics from these previous projects will
be valuable for the proposed project.
I find the project very interesting and there is plenty of
justification for studying the basal processes and flow dynamics
and their role in climate-induced changes of the mass budget of
Svalbard glaciers and I hope the application will be successful.
Sincerely,
Rickard Pettersson
Associate Professor
Fachbereich Geosystem Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
München and Bremerhaven, 12. Oct. 2012
Letter of support for the proposal ASEBAC
To whom it might concern
Ice dynamics are a key process for analysing changes of ice sheets and glaciers. Under normal conditions there exists a direct relationship between the mass balance conditions and the ice flux. This relationship can even reach a state of equilibrium in the case of constant climatic boundary conditions for a longer time period. Deviations from the equilibrium might be induced by climatic variations, or by changes in the flow characteristics. The latter mechanism can develop into a full surge type ice flow, where usually a switch in the basal conditions triggers the onset of the change in ice dynamics. Understanding these changes and the trigger mechanisms is still a great challenge in modern glaciology.
For the Austfonna ice cap there exists a time series of observations of many glaciological parameters which is unique for a polar ice cap of this size. Recent data show a continuous increase of the surface velocity on one of the monitored transects. The reason for this steady acceleration are not well known at the moment, but the basis for an in depth investigation of the underlying mechanisms are very favorable, given the observational history. There is a broad agreement that the subglacial bed conditions are the key to the understanding of abrupt changes in ice dynamics. Therefore it is of utmost importance to obtain high resolution data from the ice base of Austfonna ice cap.
The combined group of researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Bremerhaven and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Munich (BAdW) strongly supports the proposed project which will be a milestone in the modern investigation of ice cap dynamics. Due to the size and the climatic setting of Nordaustlandet, the Austfonna ice cap can readily be seen as an down-sized analogue of the Greenland ice sheet, with the great advantage that observations of entire drainage basins can be achieved with much less effort. Our group has a strong experience in conducting glaciological investigations on glaciers and ice sheets using advanced geophysical methods. We established the first vibroseis investigations in Antarctica which provided a new insight in the internal structure of the ice sheet. Vibroseis is an ideal tool especially for the transition between ice and bedrock, where common ice penetrating radar measurements are often limited due to the occurrence of water. Combined with a snow streamer instead of single geophones, the acquisition speed is much higher than with conventional seismics, making the method readily applicable for larger profiles.
The glaciology group at AWI could provide the technical as well as the infrastructure for the processing and interpretation of the data, while the colleagues from BAdW provide trained and highly skilled personnel for the field work activities. Together we will be able cover the task of investigating the basal conditions of the highly active parts of Austfonna ice cap. Details from the members of our group are expressed in the following two documents:
Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften • Alfons-Goppel-Str. 11 • 80539 München Dr. Christoph Mayer Commission for Geodesy and Glaciology Alfons-Goppel-Str. 11 80539 München Tel. +49 89 23031-1260 Fax +49 89 23031-1100 [email protected] www.glaziologie.de
Letter of support for the proposal ASEBAC To whom it may concern The glaciology group at the BAdW is active in geophysical field research since many years. Especially the structure and geometry of glaciers in remote areas have been the focus of research during the recent past. The proposed workpackage 4 of the ASEBAC project on Austfonna, Svalbard has a strong potential to enable a significant step forward in the understanding of ice dynamics and it basal control. Therefore we express our full support for this project. We are happy to provide very experienced personnel to contribute to the planned field work, operating the equipment from our colleagues in Bremerhaven. During the last years we had successful field seasons in Antarctica together with the AWI group, establishing the vibroseis technique in glaciology. I am sure that our contribution will be valuable and add a new quality of geophysical investigations to the project. Our experience in the design of seismic data acquisition together with the long term experience of our colleagues in Oslo is an optimal basis for achieving high quality geophysical results. I am looking forward to a joint scientific campaign and collaborative research in this important field. Sincerely
Dr. Christoph Mayer Research Scientist
München, 12. Oktober 2012
Collaboration on proposal “Glacier mass balance and dynamic processes”
To Whom It May Concern:
With this letter I would like to express my willingness to collaborate with the research team led by Professor Jon Ove Hagen and Associate Professor Thomas Vikhamar Schuler (both at University of Oslo) on the proposal “Glacier mass balance and dynamic processes” within the umbrella project “Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere”. The proposal builds on previous activities supported by IPY, EU and ESA, has a focus on ice caps and glaciers on Svalbard (in particular Austfonna), and is directed at an improved understanding of surface and ice-dynamical processes in response to climate forcing.
My main interest within the proposal is the work package 4.3 (three-dimensional simulations of Austfonna). I have already worked together with Dr. Thorben Dunse (University of Oslo) and the team leaders on this topic through a four-month visit of Dr. Dunse at the Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS) in late 2009, funded by a JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Pre-/Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers. During this time we developed an Austfonna module for the shallow-ice model SICOPOLIS, including a special treatment of marine ice and a parameterization of calving, and conducted simulations forced by an idealized, constant present-day climate. This cooperation led to a joint publication in the Journal of Glaciology (Vol. 57, No. 202, 247-259, 2011).
The proposed work within WP 4.3 is a logical continuation of this previous study, and it is targeting mainly at
• forcing the model with a time-dependent climate from the recent past to the near future;
• improving the treatments of ice stream dynamics and calving in SICOPOLIS;
• performing simulations with other established models, such as PISM and Elmer/Ice, in order to establish an ensemble of results for improved reliability and assessment of uncertainties.
Dr. Ralf Greve Professor Glacier and Ice Sheet Research GroupInstitute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University
Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0819, Japan Phone: (+81)-(0)11-706-6891 E-mail: [email protected]
11 October 2012
Page 2
The second item is on my agenda anyway within an ongoing research project funded by JSPS on simulations of the evolution and dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet in past and future climates. As for the third item, Elmer/Ice is being actively used and developed by collegues in my research group, so that a good deal of know-how about this model is available. Therefore, there are significant synergies between the proposed work and recent/ongoing work in my group, which makes the collaboration highly desirable. One welcome option would thus be that the postdoctoral researcher responsible for the modelling part of the proposal (Dr. Dunse would be a suitable candidate) visits my group at ILTS for some time in order to work on the above-listed items and make best use of the available synergies.
In any case, I sincerely hope that the proposal will be successful, and I am looking forward to collaborating with the research team on the project.
Yours sincerely
Ralf Greve
Utrecht University
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht IMAU, dr. C.H. Reijmer Visiting address: Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands Correspondence address: P.O. Box 80 005, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 2533167 Fax: +31 30 2543163 E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Jon Ove Hagen Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Norway
Utrecht, October 12, 2012 Dear Prof. Hagen, We would like to officially confirm our active role in your project "Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere (ASEBAC)". The IMAU Ice&Climate research group has well established expertise in glaciology and polar meteorology. Already for several years IMAU and University of Oslo (Prof. J.O. Hagen) collaborate on Arctic glaciological research, the latest collaborative project being flow velocity measurements on two glaciers on Austfonna, the target area of this project. Our contribution to the project would be to provide our remote GPS units, to continue the observations on Austfonna, and to analyze and make available the resultant data. In addition we are currently in the development of a wireless sensor that measures water pressure and temperature in a borehole, the WiSe. We offer to deploy such sensor in a borehole in Austfonna. We look forward to working together with you on this project. Sincerely,
Carleen Reijmer
Jon Ove HagenThorben DunsePostboks 1047 Blindern0316 OSLONorway
Laboratory of Hydraulics,Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW)Direktor: Prof. Dr. R. Boes
ETH Zürich, VAW D23Gloriastrasse 37-39CH-8092 Zurich
Dr. Martin LüthiTel. direct +41 1 632 4093Tel. Secr. +41 1 632 4091Fax +41 1 632 [email protected]://www.glaziologie.ethz.ch
Zurich, 10. Oktober 2012
Letter of support for upcoming proposal
Dear Collegues
You have my strong support, and where possible my collaboration, for your proposed borehole drillingproject in Svalbard. It is exciting to see a comprehensive proposal to investigate the dynamics of fast-moving portions of the Austfonna Ice Cap, and to explore the basic mechanisms of fast ice flow of outletglaciers, which are crucial for the future stability of this ice cap.
The Glaciology Section of VAW, ETH Zürich, has gained ample experience with drilling and instrumentingdeep glacier boreholes in the Alps and in the Arctic, most recently during our successfully completed 2011drilling project on the Greenland Ice Sheet. I am happy to provide detailed advice on deep-drilling tech-nology, procedures and modeling of optimum drill speeds. We will also share knowledge on the designof our digital borehole instrumentation, which was developed, built and tested in-house, and is still suc-cessfully operating since its deployment in five 700 m deep boreholes within Greenland in July 2011. Inaddition I am happy to provide my help and experience during drilling and instrument deployment in thefield, should the need arise.
I wish you success with your submission.
Sincerely,
Martin Lüthi
page 1 / 1
Public Foundation Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research, member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF)
Vorsitzender des Kuratoriums: MinDirig Dr. Karl Eugen Huthmacher Legal Representatives: Prof. Dr. Karin Lochte (Director) Dr. Heike Wolke (Administrative Director) Prof. Dr. Heinrich Miller (Deputy Director) Prof. Dr. Karen Wiltshire (Deputy Director)
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association PD Dr. Julia Boike Telefon: +49/331-288-2100 Telefax: +49/331-288-2137 E-mail: [email protected]
Oktober 16, 2012
LETTER OF SUPPORT
Dear Prof. Berntsen,
I am pleased to provide this letter in support of your proposal ‘ASEBAC - Atmospheric forcing,
surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere” which you are submitting to the
POLARPROG solicitation.
I welcome the proposed project as an opportunity to work together on scientific questions in
cryospheric regions. I am pleased to act as one of the Principal Investogators for Work Package 3
and support the project with my long-term experience in field measurements and modeling in the
Arctic.
The Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) is Germany's leading institute for polar and marine research.
The AWI conducts mainly research in the Arctic and the Antarctic. The Research Unit Potsdam,
founded in 1992, has developed strong and internationally recognized capabilities in the
understanding of the modern and past environment of the Arctic. Our Periglacial Research Group
has well-founded research experience on periglacial processes, permafrost dynamics,
biogeochemical cycles, and energy and water balance studies in polar regions. The AWI Potsdam
has conducted permafrost surface and energy balance research at the German-French research station
(AWIPEV) in Ny-Ålesund, a key study area in ASEBAC. Furthermore, similar data sets from E
Siberia, Russia, are of interest for modeling activities in ASEBAC
We see excellent scientific synergies from collaboration with you in the ASEBAC project.This
proposed project integrates well in our current investigations of landscape scale permafrost water,
thermal and carbon dynamics at Arctic sites. Furthermore, the proposed scientific work in ASEBAC
is highly complementary to the European project Page21 which is coordinated by the AWI Potsdam:
while Page21 aims for operational projections for a future feedback between permafrost thaw and
greenhouse gas emissions, ASEBAC focuses on deeper understanding of key physical and
biogeochemical processes involved in this process. The Earth System understanding gained in
ASEBAC, in particular on interactions between cloud dynamics and permafrost, is thus highly
Page 2
interesting in the light of sound predictions of climatic feedbacks of permafrost. Conversely, Page21
includes a broad range of field sites in the entire Arctic where key findings made during ASEBAC
could be validated.
These scientific collaborations would result in the solving of important actual research
questions, the joint scientific analysis of data and publication of results, and a strengthening of
international and cross-disciplinary co-operation between German and Norwegian researchers.
I have no doubt that this project, if funded, will strongly contribute to the understanding and
quantification of important cryospheric processes, as well as their implementation in atmospheric
models.
We are looking forward to a successful and fruitful international collaboration.
Best regards,
Postal address Postboks 43. Blindern, 0313 Oslo Office Henrik Mohnsplass 1 0313 Oslo
Office Research and development department: Gaustadalléen 21
Norges Forskningsråd P.B. 2700, St. Hanshaugen 0131 Oslo
Copy: A. Eliassen Ø. Hov
Letter of Intent
To whom it may concern
This is to confirm that the Norwegian Meteorological Institute will participate in the proposed project ASEBAC, coordinated by UiO. We will contribute with own resources through the participation of research scientists in the section of climate modelling and air pollution. Relevant data, model results will be made available and our time required to make these accessible will in part be own cost.
Yours sincerely
Michael Schulz Project leader for ASEBAC
Section leader Climate modelling and Air Pollution
October 15, 2012 ASEBAC This is to confirm that I am willing to be a project partner on the proposed project ASEBAC. This is a very exciting project, and I am delighted to have the opportunity of working with such a strong team on a problem of considerable importance. The project is complementary to my Conoco-Philips funded project CRIOS (Calving Rates and Impacts on Sea Level), which aims to improve our ability to predict glacier dynamic behavior. As part of this project, I have purchased a hot water drilling system, which I shall provide for the process studies of glacier dynamics on Austfonna proposed as part of ASEBAC. I shall also advise on drilling procedure in the field. In addition, I shall share expertise and experience of glacier modeling for the proposed model simulations. Yours sincerely,
Doug Benn Professor of Glaciology, University of St Andrews University Centre in Svalbard
Dear Prof. Berntsen, I hereby confirm my interest in contributing to the project ‘ASEBAC - Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic terrestrial cryosphere’ as a partner.
The periglacial research group at the University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS is active in national and internationally funded studies on permafrost and periglacial research. We coordinated during the International Polar Year (IPY) the Norwegian TSP-NORWAY (“Thermal state of Norway and Svalbard”) and the international TSP IPY project. Presently, we participate and lead a work package in the EU-funded PAGE21 project ‘Changing permafrost in the Arctic and its Global Effects in the 21st Century’, just as we participate and co-lead a work package in the Nordic Centre of Excellence, DEFROST ‘Impacts of a changing cryosphere – depicting ecosystem-climate feedbacks from permafrost, snow and ice’.
In the ASEBAC project we will be responsible for obtaining, instrumenting and analyzing permafrost cores in the Ny Ålesund study site, in close collaboration with and as part of a joint UiO/UNIS Ph.D position.
Kind regards,
Hanne H. Christiansen, Prof. Dr. Physical Geography Geology Department
Р О С С И Й С К А Я А К А Д Е М И Я Н А У К
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ
БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ
ИНСТИТУТ ГЕОГРАФИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (ИГ РАН)
Россия, 119017, Москва, Старомонетный переулок, 29
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY
Staromonetny pereulok, 29,
Moscow, 119017, Russia
Phone: Director (7-495) 9590032; Foreign Department (7-495) 959-0022
In our recent discussion of your vision of future plans of field glaciological works in the Arctic I am
specifically interested on your idea to focus on the surface mass balance, geometry and dynamics of
Austfonna, the largest ice cap on Svalbard, as part of the proposed new ASEBAC project.
My educated guess is that the Austfonna behavior is the real key element in understanding of
cryosphere behavior in the total Eurasian Arctic.
So I would like actively co-operate with your project in this aspect and if necessary also to provide
former Russian data from this ice cap on the base of mutual scientific interest.
As you might remember the Russian scientists from Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of
Sciences (IGRAS), Moscow, have been involved in glaciological research in Svalbard
since the end of 1960ies in frame of former Soviet projects, including field
investigation on Austfonna Ice cap in mid 1970-s with ice core drilling and radio
echo sounding (RES). In the last years we have continued our ground-based RES projects in Central
and South Spitsbergen using the portable monopulse ice-penetrating radar system VIRL-6.
So, please consider the option that in your Austfonna field investigations two IGRAS
scientists might take part with focus on ground-based RES and radar data
interpretation in terms of temperature conditions and bed topography. I, together
with Ivan Lavrentiev and Evgeniy Vasilenko, might take responsibility for this activity.
Sincerely yours,
Dr. Andrey Glazovskiy
15 October 2012, Moscow
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ASEBAC Data Policy
Atmospheric forcing, surface energy balance and the Arctic
terrestrial cryosphere - ASEBAC
The ASEBAC consortium will adopted the IPY data policy, which commits ASEBAC partners to adhere to an open data policy wherever possible unless the data are legitimately restricted in some way. Data generated in ASEBAC will be delivered to appropriate international data archives, such as the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), together with appropriate metadata to ensure their long-term preservation. ASEBAC partners participate in the planning and initial operation of the newly established WMO Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) and will make ASEBAC data available according to recommendations that are under development within that international framework. The project and metadata from ASEBAC will be registered in the RiS database of the Svalbard Science Forum and in the Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) if the latter is established.
The objective of the data management is to ensure the security, accessibility and free exchange of relevant data that both support current research and future use of the data. Thus the aim of ASEBAC data policy is to ensure data to be handled in a consistent manner, and to strike a balance between the rights of investigators and the need for widespread access through the free and unrestricted sharing and exchange of both data and metadata. The policy is also compatible with the data principles of the Nordic Top-level Research Initiative (TRI, “http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en”) with the NCoEs SVALI, CRAICC and DEFROST with whom ASEBAC partners cooperate and contribute, and other relevant international agencies such as ICSU and WMO.
ASEBAC data are those data generated during the duration of the project. This policy applies specifically to those data. It should be recognised, however, that researchers within ASEBAC will use data from outside sources and where appropriate, this data policy should apply to those data as well. In order to maximise the benefit of data gathered under ASEBAC it is required that data are made available fully, freely, openly, and on the shortest feasible timescale. The only exceptions to this policy are where legitimate obligations, for example related to contracts of earlier projects or national laws and regulations restrict data access.
ICSU (2004) defines “Full and open access” as equitable, non-discriminatory access to all data preferably free of cost, but some reasonable cost-recovery is acceptable. WMO Resolution 40 uses the terms “Free and unrestricted” and defines them as non-discriminatory and without charge. “Without charge”, in the context of this resolution, means at no more than the cost of reproduction and delivery without charge for the data and products themselves.
Metadata are essential to the discovery, access, and effective use of data. Data must be accompanied by metadata that document and describe the data. Metadata may be defined as all the information necessary for data to be independently understood by users and to ensure proper stewardship of the data. Regardless of any data access restrictions or delays in delivery of the data itself, the project should promptly provide basic descriptive metadata of collected data in an internationally recognised, standard format to an appropriate catalogue
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or registry. The group will establish a web-page where information will be available for open access. Data access will be restricted to ASEBAC participants during the project period.
It must be recognized that data preservation and access should not be afterthoughts and need to be considered while data collection plans are developed.
To recognise the valuable role of data providers (and scientists who collect or prepare data) and to facilitate repeatability of experiments in keeping with the scientific method, users of ASEBAC data must formally acknowledge data authors (contributors) and sources. Where possible, this acknowledgment should take the form of a formal citation, such as when citing a book or journal article.
References
ICSU (International Council for Science). 2004b. ICSU Report of the CSPR Assessment Panel on Scientific Data and Information. Available at http://www.icsu.org/1_icsuinscience/DATA_Paa_1.html
IPY. 2008. International Polar Year 2007-2008 Data Policy. Available at “http://classic.ipy.org/Subcommittees/final_ipy_data_policy.pdf”.