Project organization

Project Organization

Prepared By:-Pro.Hardik.B.Patel

Construction Management

Structure of Construction Organization

• Construction work requires a strict chain of command to create accountability for managers in project management and workplace safety.

• A proper hierarchy allows clear roles for each individual, which makes it possible for construction jobs to be completed on schedule without compromising the budget or safety of on-site workers.

May 2, 2023 2Laljibhai Chaturbhai Institute Of Technology, Bhandu

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The Hierarchy Structure of Construction Companies

Chief Executive Officer

Managing Director

Project Director (Project Manager)

Project Supervisor

Construction Workers

May 2, 2023 Laljibhai Chaturbhai Institute Of Technology, Bhandu

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Chief Executive Officer• The chief executive officer makes decisions about which construction jobs the company

should bid on. • She/he assigns lower managers to oversee specific construction projects and outlines how

many workers are needed.

• CEOs occasionally visit construction sites to personally survey progress and relay any additional instructions to the on-site management team.

• The CEO collaborates with a board of directors made up of other executives who work as a team to make important company decisions.


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Managing Director

• The managing director is responsible for overseeing construction jobs once they're acquired.

• The management director coordinates with the architect to complete structural plans for new jobs while outlining a budget to cover land clearing, sewage systems, foundation and exterior work, interior work and landscaping.

• Hiring and firing for each project is usually handled by the managing director.

• Third-party contractors, such as electricians, plumbers and well drillers, are also hand picked by the managing director.


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Project Director (Project Manager)

• Before the construction company begins bidding on a potential job, the project director surveys the site and performs a cost analysis.

• His/her report dictates the bidding strategy the company will use.

• After a job is acquired, the project manager directs and disciplines the workers on site.

• The project director also locates sources for raw materials and equipment and then defines a shipping route to bring those items to the project site.


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Project Supervisor• Project supervisors work under the project director and supervise certain aspects of

each job.

• One project supervisor might be in charge of a team that lays asphalt or concrete, while another might be responsible for a team doing welding or jack hammering.

• Project supervisors also manage the procurement and arrangement of materials on site.

• They ensure workers have the tools to complete jobs on schedule and convey project issues to the project director.


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Construction Workers• Construction workers carry out daily tasks assigned by the project supervisor.

• They handle all physical aspects of the construction project, including land clearing, concrete work, carpentry, welding, interior work, roofing, siding, asphalt and landscaping.

• Permits are required for workers who operate certain types of heavy machinery, such as bulldozers and backhoes.

• Workers must adhere to the plans created by the architect, follow the direction of the project manager and mind the budget.


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Management Levels• The term “Levels of Management’ refers to a line of demarcation

between various managerial positions in an organization.

• The number of levels in management increases when the size of the business and work force increases and viceversa.

• The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & status enjoyed by any managerial position.


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• The levels of management can be classified in three broad categories:-

1. Top level / Administrative level

2. Middle level / Executory

3. Low level / Supervisory / Operative / First-line managers


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1. Top Level of Management• It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. • The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it

manages goals and policies for an enterprise.

• It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.


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Role of the Top Management• Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.• It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures,

schedules etc.• It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.• It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.• It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.• It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.• It provides guidance and direction.• The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the

performance of the enterprise.


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2. Middle Level of Management• The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle

level. • They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of

their department. • They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. • In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of

management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle level management.


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Role of the Middle Level Management

• They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.• They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.• They participate in employment & training of lower level management.• They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.• They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or

department.• It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.• They evaluate performance of junior managers.• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better

performance.


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3. Lower Level of Management• Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It

consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc.

• According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of management.


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Role of the Lower Level Management

• Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.• They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.• They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.• They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in

the organization.• They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory

appeals etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers.• They help to solve the grievances of the workers.• They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.


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• They are responsible for providing training to the workers.• They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the

things done.• They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.• They ensure discipline in the enterprise.• They motivate workers.• They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct

contact with the workers.


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Traits of Project Managers1. Inspires a Shared Vision2. Good Communicator3. Integrity (Unity)4. Enthusiasm5. Empathy (Sympathy)6. Competence (Capable)7. Ability to Delegate Tasks8. Cool Under Pressure9. Team-Building Skills10. Problem Solving Skills


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1. Inspires a Shared Vision:• An effective project leader is often described as having a vision of

where to go and the ability to articulate it.• They empower people to experience the vision on their own.

2. Good Communicator:• The ability to communicate with people at all levels is almost always

named as the second most important skill by project managers and team members.• Project leadership calls for clear communication about goals,

responsibility, performance, expectations and feedback.


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3. Integrity:• One of the most important things a project leader must remember is that

his or her actions, and not words, set the modus operandi for the team.

4. Enthusiasm:• Plain and simple, we don't like leaders who are negative - they bring us

down. We want leaders with enthusiasm, with a bounce in their step, with a can-do attitude.

5. Empathy:• It's nice when a project leader acknowledges that we all have a life

outside of work.


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6. Competence:• As project management continues to be recognized as a field in and of

itself, project leaders will be chosen based on their ability to successfully lead others rather than on technical expertise, as in the past.

7. Ability to Delegate Tasks:• Trust is an essential element in the relationship of a project leader

and his or her team. You demonstrate your trust in others through your actions - how much you check and control their work, how much you delegate and how much you allow people to participate.


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8. Cool Under Pressure:• We don't live in a perfect world - projects have problems. A leader with a hardy attitude

will take these problems in stride (progress).• Out of the uncertainty and chaos of change, leaders rise up and articulate a new image

of the future that pulls the project together. And remember - never let them see you sweat.

9. Team-Building Skills:• A team builder can best be defined as a strong person who provides the substance that

holds the team together in common purpose toward the right objective.

10. Problem Solving Skills:• Although an effective leader is said to share problem-solving responsibilities with the

team, we expect our project leaders to have excellent problem-solving skills themselves.


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Ethical Conduct for Engineers• Engineering is an important and learned profession. It has a direct and

vital impact on the quality of life for all people.

• As members of this profession, engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity.

• Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conduct.


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Fundamental Duties for Engineers

1. Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.

2. Perform services only in areas of their competence.

3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

4. Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.

5. Avoid deceptive acts.

6. Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.


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Professional Duties (Obligations)

• Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integrity.

• Engineers shall at all times strive(fight) to serve the public interest.

• Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives (Fraud) the public.

• Engineers shall not disclose, without consent, confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer, or public body on which they serve.

• Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interests.May 2, 2023 Laljibhai Chaturbhai Institute Of Technology, Bhandu

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• Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers, or by other improper or questionable methods.

• Engineers shall not attempt to injure directly or indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects, practice, or employment of other engineers.

• Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom who really deserves it.


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Factors for a success of Construction Organization

• Human Factor:

1. Effective communication skill2. Team work3. Employee motivation4. Professional and technical skill5. Rapport with Employer6. Knowledge and Experience7. Training and development


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• Financial Factor:1. Financial strength of the company2. Contract rates3. Market credibility4. Fund availability5. Control on cost of poor quality work

• Organizational Factor:1. Clear goals2. Empowerment3. Organizational structure and management system4. Area of specialization


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• Technical Factor:-1. Availability of technology and machinery2. Availability of skilled workers3. Past experience of similar project4. Openness to adopt new technology5. Testing system of executed work

• Environmental Factor:-1. Political stability2. Market Stability3. Nature of project and its location4. Abnormal weather effect5. Decision making process6. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE)


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