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Country Name: CanadaCapital : Ottawa

Currency : Canadian dollar (CAD)

Submitted by Tejal A. GawandRoll o. 18 (finance)

Submitted to Prof. Chougule.

Date: 9th sep 2011



Largest city Toronto Official language English and French Legislature Parliament Canada is the second largest country in the

world, smaller only to Russia. Population: 28 million people Geographic size: 3.9 million square miles

Capital: Ottawa Major cities and population: Toronto, Montreal,Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg,Halifax



One of the world's highly developed countries, Canada has adiversified economy that is reliant upon its abundant naturalresources and upon trade

Canada is one of the world's wealthiest nations, with a high per-

capita income. Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters

of energy. The growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has

transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a moreindustrial and urban one

Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agriculturalproducts; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most importantproducers of wheat, canola, and other grains

Canada is an industrial nation with a highly developed science andtechnology sector. Nearly 1.88 percent of Canada's GDP isallocated to research & development (R&D)





GDP (PPP) 2010 estimates$1.330 trillions, per capital $39,057 GDP (nominal) - 2010 estimates$1.574 trillions, per capital $46,215 Canada is one of the world's wealthiestnations, with a high per-capita income. It is a member of the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD) and the G8, and is

one of the world's top ten trading nations.

Canada is a mixed economy, ranking above the U.S. andmost western European nations on the HeritageFoundation's index of economic freedom.

The largest foreign importers of Canadian goods are theUnited States, the United Kingdom, and Japan



Rank 10th (nominal) / 14th (PPP) GDP $1.696 trillion (2011 1st quarter) (US$14.12

trillion) GDP growth 5.6% (2009/Q1 to 2010/Q1) GDP per capita PPP: $43,100 (2008)

(US$41,016) GDP by sector

agriculture (2.3%), industry(26.4%),services (71.3%) (2009 est.)

Inflation (CPI) 1.6% (2010 est.)



CAD = Canadian Dollar

INR = Indian Rupee

USD= United states Dollar 1 Canadian Dollar (CAD) = 46.56 Indian Rupee

(INR)

1 Indian Rupee (INR) = 0.021 Canadian Dollar

(CAD) 1 Canadian Dollar (CAD) = 1.011 US Dollar (USD)

1 US Dollar (USD) = 0.989 Canadian Dollar (CAD)



Exports $406.8 billion (2010 est.) Export goods motor vehicles and parts, industrial

machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment,electronics, chemicals, plastics, fertilizers, wood pulp, timber,

crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminium Main export partners U.S. 75.02%, UK 3.37%, China 3.09% (2009) Imports $406.4 billion (2010 est.) Import goods machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and

parts, electronics, crudeoil, chemicals, electricity, durableconsumer goods

M

ain import partners U.S. 51.1%, China 10.88%, Mexico4.56%(2009) FDI stock $528.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.) Gross external debt $1.009 trillion (30 June 2010) Foreign reserves US$63.019 billion (April 2011)



Public debt$519.1 billion CAD (Federal, 31-Mar-2010) B

udget deficit$55.6 billion CAD (Federal, 2009-10) Revenues$218.6 billion CAD (Federal, 2009-10)Expenses$274.2 billion CAD (Federal, 2009-10)

Economic aid$4.1 billion (donor) (2010)



Transportation equipment,

chemicals,

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products,

wood and paper products,

fish products,

petroleum and natural gas



In the past century, the growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectorshas transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a more industrial andurban one. Like other First World nations, the Canadian economy is dominated bythe service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians.Canada isunusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in

which the logging and petroleum industries are two of the most important.

Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy.Atlantic Canada has vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta has largeoil and gas resources. The immense Athabasca oil sands give Canada the world'ssecond-largest oil reserves, behind Saudi Arabia.

Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the

Canadian Prairies are one of the most important producers of wheat, canola, andother grains. Canada is the largest producer of zinc and uranium, and is a globalsource of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminium, andlead. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, aresustainable because of nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada also has asizable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, withautomobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.



Participation ininternational organization

ABEDA, ACCT, ACS (observer), AfDB, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C,CCC, CDB (non-regional), Council of Europe (observer),Commonwealth of Nations, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, LaFrancophone,G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICJ, ICFTU,

ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,IMO,Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, Kyoto

Protocol, LRTAP,MI

NURCA,MI

NURSO,MI

PONUH

,M

ONUC, NAM

(guest), NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NORAD North American Aerospace Defence

Command, NORTHCOM, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNSecurity Council (prior/temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNECE, UNESCO,

UNFICYP,UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET,UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU,WHO, WIPO, WMO,WTO, Zangger

Committee.



Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (Signed 12-Oct-1987, entered into force 01-Jan-1989, latersuperseded by NAFTA)

North American Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 01-Jan-1994, includes Canada, U.S. and Mexico)

Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 01-Jan-1997)

Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 05-Jul-1997)

Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement (Enteredinto force 01-Nov-2002)

Canada-European Free Trade Association Free TradeAgreement (Entered into force 01-Jul-2009)

Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 01-Aug-2009)

Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (Signed 21-Nov-2008; Canada's ratification of this FTA is now

dependant upon Colombia's ratification of the"Agreement Concerning Annual Reports on HumanRights and Free Trade Between Canada and theRepublic of Colombia" signed on 27-May-2010)

Canada-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (Signed on 28-June-2009)

Canada-Panama Free Trade Agreement (Signed on14-May-2010)

Nations that have Free Trade Agreements withCanada are in dark blue, nations in negotiations are incyan. Canada is green.

Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with thefollowing countries and trade blocs:

Ukraine Morocco India South Korea Dominican Republic Singapore Andean Community (Negotiations have already

concluded with Peru and Colombia) CARICOM (Caribbean Community) European Union Japan

Canada is also involved in negotiations to create thefollowing regional trade blocks:

Canada Central American Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)



The geography of Canada is vast anddiverse. Occupying most of the northern

portion of North America (41% of

the continent),Canada is the world's second

largest country in total area. Canada ranks fourth in land area (i.e., total

area minus the area of lakes and rivers.



The Horseshoe Falls in Niagara Falls, Ontario, one of the world's mostvoluminous waterfalls, a major source of hydroelectric power, and atourist destination.

The most notable are Montreal's Mount Royal and Mont Saint-Hilaire.These hills are known for a great richness in precious minerals.

The Canadian Shield is known for its vast minerals, such as emeralds,diamonds and copper. The Canadian shield is also called the mineralhouse.

Canadian Interior Plains - arable agricultural land which sustainextensive grain farming operations in the southern part of the provinces.

Western Canada has many volcanoes and is part of the system of volcanoes found around the margins of the Pacific Ocean, which is calledthe Pacific Ring of Fire.

Canada holds vast reserves of water: its rivers discharge nearly 9% of theworld's renewable water supply, The St. Lawrence and the Mackenzie arethe second and third largest rivers by volume of discharge, respectively,in North America.



The fisheries industry has historically been one of Canada's strongest Forestry has long been a major industry in Canada. Forest products

contribute one fifth of the nation's exports. The provinces with thelargest forestry industries are British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec.

Fossil fuels are a more recently developed resource in Canada,with oil and gas being extracted from deposits in theWestern CanadianSedimentary Basin since the mid 1900's.

Agricultural regions in Canada include the Canadian Prairies, the LowerMainland and interior plateau of British Columbia, the St. LawrenceBasin and the Canadian Maritimes. Main crops in Canadainclude flax, oats, wheat, maize, barley, sugar beets

Canada's mineral resources are diverse and extensive. Across theCanadian Shield and in the north there arelarge iron, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, and uraniumreserves. Large diamond concentrations have been recently developed inthe Arctic, making Canada one of the world's largest producers.Throughout the Shield there are many



Air pollution and resulting acid rain severely

affects lakes and damages forests. Metal

smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicleemissions impact agricultural and forest

productivity.

Ocean waters are becoming contaminated

from agricultural, industrial, mining, andforestry activities.



The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentarydemocracy and a federal system of parliamentary government withstrong democratic traditions.

Canada is a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is head of state.

Legislative power The bicameral Parliament of Canada consists of three parts:

the monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons.

Provincial and Territorial Governments There are 10 provinces andthree territories, with the provinces having wide jurisdiction in manyareas, such as natural resources, education, healthcare, direct taxation,civil law and provincially incorporated companies. The two levels of government (federal and provincial) share power in some areas, such asagriculture, immigration and old-age pensions. Municipal governmentsoperate under provincial jurisdiction.



protecting and developing arctic territory

immigration and refugee policy discussion about bringing back the death Penalty

Merger with its southern neighbour. the overbearing influence of money on politics, elections and

legislation

all international trade deals (FTA, NAFTA, MAI, GATT, etc.)that limit Canada's sovereign rights or ability toindependently develop her human, natural and economicresources in the best interests of her people

massive taxation of financial marketeers, banks, investment

brokers, currency speculators



Ethnic group: a category of people who are distinguished byothers or themselves on the basis of cultural or nationalitycharacteristics

a category of people who have been singled out, by others or

themselves, as inferior or superior, on the basis of subjectively selected physical characteristics like skin colouror eye shape

legalization of marijuana and HST The Growing Gap between the rich and everyone else.

The Increasing Tax Burden on the Poor and Middle Class andthe Decreasing Tax Rates of Corporations and the Wealthy.

Younger kids are starting to join more and more gangsespecially in the Toronto area. They grow up in welfarehousing, and their parents cannot afford anything for themthus causing them to join gangs

Tremendous amount of violence in the Greater Toronto Area



Canada and India have longstanding bilateral relations, built upon sharedtraditions of democracy and pluralism and strong interpersonalconnections. The bilateral relationship is supported by a wide range of bilateral agreements in fields such as agriculture, energy, mutual legalassistance, and air services.

a dialogue on regional security and global strategic issues of commoninterest through the annual Canada-India Strategic Dialogue

Canada-India Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism investment and technology partnerships. India ranked as Canadas 10th destination for merchandise exports in

2009 Development Assistance Stakeholder Involvement Top Canadian exports include vegetables (mostly peas and lentils),

fertilizers, and machinery; top imports from India include organicchemicals, knit apparel, woven apparel and precious stones and metals(primarily diamonds).



Strategic market intelligence on your specific sector

Pathfinding for key government contacts engaged in supporting investment

in Canada, in its provinces and territories.

Referrals to investment support professionals

Facilitation of site visits

Information and advice on how to set up a business in Canada, taxation,

regulations and government programs

Assistance in developing a business case for your next investment decision

At work in 150 cities around the world,

Canada's investment and trade professionals can provide:



AdvancedManufacturing

Automotive

Aerospace

Machinery and equipment

Agri-food

Chemicals and Plastics

Clean TechnologiesRenewable energy

Environmental technologies

Information and Communications

Technology

Digital media

Software

Wireless communications

Life SciencesBiopharmaceuticals

Medical devices

Services

Business services

Financial services



1 fDi Benchmarking database, fDi Intelligence.

2 Conference Board of Canada.<http://www.conferenceboard.ca/HCP/Details/Innovation/scientific-articles.aspx>.

Vancouver is #1 in North America for

patents filed for fuel cells1

Toronto is #3 in North America for

patents filed in the automotive sector1

Montréal,Vancouver and Toronto rank

among the Top 10 cities in North America

for life sciences patent filings1

Canada ranks #1 in the G7 for the

number of scientific articles published

per capita2



One of the highest quality of life in the world

The Human Development Index ranks Canada #2 in the G7 and #8in the world in human development based on life expectancy, education

levels and GDP per capita1

The Global Liveability Survey ranksVancouver #1 in the world.

Toronto and Calgary also rank among the Top 5 cities 2

1 United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2010.

2 Economist Intelligence Unit. Global Liveability Report, January 2011.



1 International Institute of Management Development. WorldCompetitiveness Yearbook 2011.2 OECD. Ed ucation at a Glance 20103 World Economic Forum. Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011

Canada ranks #2 in the OECD for its

post-secondary education completion

rates (55% of working-age Canadians

have graduated from post-secondary

schools)2

Canada ranks #1 in the G7 in terms of

the availability of qualified engineers in its

workforce, according to the IMD 1

The WEF ranks Canada #1 in the G7 onthe quality of management schools 3



Canada

2.0%U.S.1.8%

U.K.1.4%

France1.2%

Germany0.8%

Japan0.8%

Italy0.1%

Source: International Monetary Fund. W orl d E conomic Outlook . January 2011 and archived October 2010 Database.



How Can CompanyBenefit From

Locating In Canada?



In 14 of 17 sectors analyzed in KPMGs

competitive alternatives 2010, Canadahas the lowest overall businesscostsin the G7

LowestSource: KPMG. Competitive Alternatives 2010.



Research & Development Corporate & IT Services Manufacturing

% Cost Advantage/Disadvantage Relative To The United States

M e x

i c o

A u s t r a

l i a

N e t h e r l a n

d s

C a n a

d a

F r a n

c e

U n i t e d K i n g d o m

U n i t e d S t a

t e s

I t a l y

G e r m a n y

J a p

a n

M e x

i c o

C a n a

d a

U n i t e d K i n g d o m

N e t h e r l a n

d s

A u s t r a

l i a

U n i t e d S t a

t e s

F r a n

c e

I t a l y

G e r m a n y

J a p

a n

M e x i c o

C a n a d a

N e t h e r l a n d s

F r a n c e

U n i t e d K i n g d

o m I t a l y

A u s t r a l i a

U n i t e d S t a

t e s

G e r m

a n y

J a p a n

38.9% 18.7% 16.3% 12.9% 6.2% 2.9% 0.0% -6.8% -10.8% -16.4% 38.6% 9.8% 2.2% 1.7% 1.2% 0.0% -6.4% -9.7% -13.7%-4.1% 13.7% 3.7% 2.6% 2.1% 1.6% 1.5% 1.0% 0.0% -6.0%-0.9%

B A S E L I N E

B A S E L I N E

B A S E L I N E

+12.9% +9.8% +3.7%

Source: KPMG. Competitive Alternatives 2010.



+4.8%

Medical Devices

+3.6%

Automotive

+30.5%

Biotech

+21.5%

Software Design

Source: KPMG. Competitive Alternatives 2010.



In Budget 2010, the Government of Canadaannounced that Canada will eliminate all remaining

tariffs on manufacturing inputs and machinery and

equipment by 2015. Canada is the first countryin the G20 to do so.

0%

Source: Government of Canada. The Fed eral Budget 2010.



Source: Finance Canada. The Federal Budget, and World Trade Organization. Trade Profiles October2010.

$2.8

$1.9

$3.0

$1.7

$1.2

$4.3

$0.0$0.0$0.0

Transport equipment Electrical machinery Non-electrical machinery

Average AppliedMFN Tariffs On $100Million In Imports$ millions



30% savings based on federal andprovincial tax credits per dollar

invested in R&D on average

R&D Tax Credits in Canada are among the most

flexible and generous in the world

Source: JPW Innovation Associates Inc.



For three years in a row, the World Economic Forum hasnamed the Canadian banking system the soundest in theworld. 1

At a time when numerous financial institutions around the

world were collapsing, no Canadian bank or insurer failed.No Canadian bank required a bailout.

1 The World Economic Forum. The Global Com petitiveness Report 2008-2009, 20092010, and 2010-

2011.



Charles River Laboratories

International,Inc.

Chrysler Group LLC

China Ocean Shipping

(Group) Co

China Shipping Container

Lines Co. Ltd.

Citco Group

Citigroup Inc.ConocoPhillips Co.

Continental AG

Convergys

DawnFood Products, Inc.

DBSchenker

Denso Corp.

DHL International GmbH

Dieffenbacher GmbH

Digital Domain, Inc.

The Dow Chemical Co.

Dubai AerospaceEnterprise

Ltd.

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and

Co.

Eastman Kodak Co.

Electronic Arts Inc.

Enel SpA

Eurocopter S.A.S.

ExxonMobil Corp.

3MCompany

Accenture

Acciona S.A.

ActivisionBlizzard, Inc.

AdityaBirlaMinacs

Amgen, Inc.

AOC Resins

APL Ltd.

A. P.Moller-MaerskGroupArcher DanielsMidland Co.

Bank of China Ltd.

TheBank of Tokyo-

Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.

BASF SE

BellHelicopter Textron Inc.

BHPBilliton Ltd.

Boeing Co.

Bose Corp.

BP plc

Capgemini

Cargill, Inc.

Ceridian Corp.

CGIGroup

CH2M Hill Companies, Ltd.

Johnson Controls Inc.

Johnson & Johnson Inc.

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Keane, Inc.

Kellogg Co.

KoreaExchangeBank

Kühne+ Nagel International

AG

LM EricssonLockheedMartin Corp.

Mainstream Renewable

Power

Mediterranean Shipping Co.

S.A.

Meggitt plc

Merck & Co., Inc.

Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.

Messier - DowtyInternational

Microsoft Corp.Mitsui & Co., Ltd.

Monsanto Co.

Morgan Stanley

MTU AeroEngines

Munich Re

Nokia OYJ

Novartis AG

Oracle Corp.

F.Hoffmann-La Roche

Flextronics International

FordMotor Co.

General Dynamics Corp.

GeneralElectric Co.

GeneralMotors

Gilead Sciences, Inc.

GlaxoSmithKline plc

GrainMillers Inc.Goodrich Aerospace

TheHanjin Group

Harris Corporation

Hewlett-Packard Co.

Hexagon AB

Hitachi Ltd.

HondaMotor Co. Ltd.

Honeywell International

Inc.

HSBC Holdings plc

ICICI Bank Limited

Infosys Technologies Ltd.

Intel Corporation

InternationalBusiness

Machines Co.

Invesco Ltd.

James Richardson

International

OtokaEnergy Inc.

PACCAR Inc.

Pixar Animation Studios

Inc.

Pratt & Whitney

Raytheon Co.

RobertBosch GmbH

Rolls-Royce Group plc

Royal Dutch Shell plcSage Software Inc.

SAP AG

Schlumberger Ltd.

SchneiderElectric S.A.

SeikoEpson Corp.

Sophos plc

SquareEnix Holdings Co.,

Ltd.

StateFarmMutual

AutomobileInsurance Co.

Sulzer Ltd.

Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.

Ltd.

Tata Consultancy Services

Ltd.

Thales Group

TOTAL S.A.

ToyotaMotor Corp.



Least risky country rank 8th

Rank country area 2nd

Global competitiveness index rank 9th The globalization index rank- 7th

Top 12 economies in the world 10th

Global personal tax rates- 8th



Rank Previous Country Overall score

1 1 Norway 94.05

2 2 Luxembourg 92.35

3 3 Switzerland 90.654 4 Denmark 88.55

5 6 Finland 87.81

6 5 Sweden 86.81

7 7 Austria 86.50

8 11 Canada 86.09

9 8 Netherlands 84.86

10 9 Australia 84.16



1Russia 17,075,2002Canada 9,984,6703United States 9,826,630

4China 9,596,960n5Brazil 8,511,9656Australia 7,686,8507India 3,287,590

8Argentina 2,766,8909Kazakhstan 2,717,30010Sudan 2,505,810



Rank-2009-10 Country Score

1 Switzerland 5.6

2 USA 5.59

3 Singapore 5.55

4 Sweden 5.51

5 Denmark 5.46

6 Finland 5.43

7 Germany 5.37

8 Japan 5.37

9 Canada 5.33

10 Netherland 5.32

49 INDIA 4.3

50 Jordan

4.3



Rank Country Globalization Index

1 Belgium 92.95

2 Austria 92.51

3 Netherlands 91.90

4 Switzerland 90.55

5 Sweden 89.75

6 Denmark 89.68

7 Canada 88.24

8 Portugal 87.54

9 Finland 87.31

10 Hungary 87.00



Rank Country

Per captia GDP

in $

Population in

Million GDP in $ tr illion

1 USA 46.003 310 14.3

2 Japan 39.787 127 5.1

3 China 3.666 1.339 4.9

4 Germany 41.008 82 3.4

5 France 40.887 65 2.7

6 UK 35.196 62 2.2

7 Italy 35.105 60 2.1

8 Brazil 8.142 193 1.6

9 spain 31.182 47 1.5

10 Canada 39081 34 1.3



Global Personal tax in %

Rank Country Tax %

1 Denmark 62

2 Swden 55

3 China 45

4 Germany 42

5 France 40

6 USA 35

7 India 30

8 Canada 29

9 Bangaladesh 25

10 Sigapore 20



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