Project management approaches construction and IT

Project Management (PM) approaches in Construction and Information Technology (IT)

By,

Mina Salama

Sandeep Bangera

15/2/2012

Source: Prof. Dr. Florian Dörrenberg module scripts [1]

Figure 1: Systematic Project management

Need of systematic PM

PM PM-Construction PM-IT Comparison References

2 14/06/2013PM Approaches in Construction & ITSalama, Bangera



Construction Project Life Cycle (PLC)

Construction project Life Cycle ( PLC)

Figure 2: Phases in Construction project life cycle Source: [2] & [3]

Concept & Feasibility

studies

Basic Engineering

& Design

Detailed Engineering & Design.

• Strategic outline• Overall technical & Economical feasibility• Resource availability• Demand forecast • Risk assessment • Logistics

management

• Design Basis report (DBR)

• Preparation of preliminary drawing’s.

• Site investigation• Evaluate the design

criteria.• Detailed project

report (DPR)

• Design drawings• Detail project

specification• Contract documents• Preparation of Tender

document and vendor list.

• Shop drawings





Figure 3: Phases in Construction project life cycle (Cont.) Source: [2] & [3]


studies

Basic Engineering

& Design


Procurement Construction

• Notice to tenders • Technical and

commercial analysis • Contract planning,

administer and closing.

• E.g.:- Services, Equipment and Material

• Design are realized into physical structures .

• Effective coordination to achieve: -• Schedule• Budget• Performance





Figure 4: Phases in Construction project life cycle (cont.) Source: [2] & [3]


studies

Basic Engineering

& Design


Procurement

Construction

Start-up &

Implementat-ion

Operation or

Utilization

• Testing of components

• Warranty• Conformance to

the project quality as per the specification

• As- built drawings

• Regular maintenance of facilities



Management

Organization

Technology

InformationSystem

Business Solutions

Business Challenges

• Isolated corporate system• Aggressive competition

• Consolidate data• Monitor daily performance• Analyze customer data

• Reduce cost• Innovation• Increase revenue

Role of Information system

Source: Management Information system, 9th edition [4]Figure 5: Role of Information system



Phases in Information technology life cycle

Source: Jack T Marchewka, Information technology project management, 2003 [5]Figure 6: General Phases in IT product life cycle

Planning Analysis Design Implementation

Maintenance & Support

• Project Model• Nonnumeric• Numeric

• Scope • Budget• Schedule• Technology• SDLC model

• Project integration

• Stake holder• Procurement• Quality • Risk • Resource • Tools

• Architecture • Network

design• Hardware

configuration• Database• User interface • Application

programs

• Development/ configuration of system• Testing• Installation • Training • Support • Documentation

• Troubleshooting

• Improvement• Innovation

Disposal :A important phase in IT PM after the product becomes obsolete.



SDLC

Predictive life cycle

Spiral Model

Waterfall model

Incremental build model

Prototyping

model

Rapid application

development

Adaptive software

development

Agile develop

mentModel

Extreme Programming

model

Scrum Model

System development life cycle (SDLC)in Information Technology

Source: Information Technology, Project management, 4th edition [6]

Figure 7: Types of SDLC models



Source: [1] & [6]

Life cycle comparison

• Construction projects • Many mandatory interdependency between project activities. E.g.: Geotechnical survey

prior to land excavation etc.• Fewer types of life cycle

• IT projects• Fewer mandatory dependency.• Many types of life cycle models.

Figure 8: Life cycle comparison



Source: [6] & [7]

Nature of project

• IT projects can be very diverse and is not a solution until it caters the business need. • IT projects can be a part of construction project. E.g.: ERP , telecommunication etc

• Construction projects are less diverse compared to IT projects. • Construction projects are mostly standard driven. E.g.: JIS, DIN, IS, BS, IS0 etc.

Figure 9: Nature of IT projects- Standish report



Source: [6]

Project management maturity

Figure 10: PM maturity survey results by C. willian & Hook Kwak , 2000 .

Knowledge Area Construction Information system

Scope 3.52 3.25

Time 3.55 3.03

Cost 3.74 3.20

Quality 2.91 2.88

Human resources 3.18 2.93

Risk 2.93 2.75

Procurement 3.33 3.01

Communication 3.53 3.21

1= Lowest maturity rating & 5=Highest maturity rating



Procurement

• Means acquiring goods / services from an outside source.

• IT Projects: Term used is outsourcing

• Construction Projects : Term used is purchasing

Planning of purchases & acquisition

Contract planning

Notice to tender

Vendor selection

Administering

contract

Closing the

contract

Figure 11: Phases in procurement

Source: [6]



Project challenges and risks

IT Projects:

• IT investment challenge

• Strategic Business challenge

• Globalization

• Infrastructure challenge

• Ethics and security

• Market, technology, process

and people risks

Construction Projects:

• Environmental risks

• Financial risks

• Material/ labour availability

• Site accessibility

• Land acquisition and

compensation

• Force majeure events

Source: [4] & [9]



Stakeholders

Figure 13: Stakeholders’ influence over time .Source: [8]

Stakeholder influence on IT project

Stakeholder influence on construction project



References

[1] Prof. Dr. Florian Dörrenberg project management module scripts.

[2] Gannett Fleming Inc., Construction Project management handbook, September 2009.

[3] Chu Eo Ho, Project management, Department of civil and environmental engineering, MIT, 2003.

[4] Kenneth C. L & Jane P. L, Management information system, 9th edition, 2006.

[5] Jack T Marchewka, Information technology project management, “Providing measurable

organizational value”, 2003.

[6] Kathy Schwalbe, Information technology project management, 4th edition, 2010

[7] Standish Group [online] Available at: http://www.infoq.com/+

articles/Interview-Johnson-Standish-CHAOS [Accessed: 18 may 2013].

[8] ANSI, A guide to the project management body of knowledge, 3rd edition, 2004.

[9] Florida international University, General contractor’s risk management practices, 2002.

Contact Details :

Mina [email protected]

Sandeep Bangera [email protected]

Project Management (PM) approaches in Construction and IT