Project Implementation Agency Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project Government of Puducherry Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Reconstruction and Modernization of Karaikal Fishing Harbour April 2011 WAPCOS Limited Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Reconstruction and Modernization of Karaikal Fishing Harbour
April 2011
WAPCOS Limited
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. GENERAL Karaikal fishery harbor was developed by the Department of Fisheries after taking the Environmental clearance in 2004. The harbour is lacking some of the essential facilities required by the fisherman. Hence, the Department of Fisheries, Government of Puducherry proposes the reconstruction and modernization of Karaikal Fishery harbor to full fill the demand of the fisherman. There are 10 fishing villages and around 3300 fishermen families are living in these coastal villages and their main employment is fishing and fishing related activity. Karaikal fishing harbor has 123 Mechanised boats. However, the proposed expansion is designed to accommodate the fleet strength of 320 Nos. The present document outlines the Executive Summary of the EIA study of Reconstruction and Modernization of Karaikal fishing harbor. 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION In the Detailed Project Report prepared by Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fishing (CICEF), recommendation was made for additional capacities for providing Ice Plant, slip way and Fish Processing unit and Boat making and repairing yard in Karaikal Fishery Harbour. Reconstruction and Modernization has been approved by the World Bank.The details of the facilities envisaged as part of the expansion are given as below:
� Boat making and repairing yard � Modernisation of slip way � Fish Processing Unit � Ice Plant � Treatment for discharge of effluent sullage
2.1 Boat making and Repair Yard There is no boat making and repair yard in the existing harbor and the fishermen have to go to Nagapattinam for utilising the boat making and repair facilities. To avoid hardship and inconvenience to the fishermen community, the Boat making and Repair Yard is proposed as part of the expansion. 2.2 Modernisation of Slip way It is proposed to provide cantilever retaining wall from -4 m to +2m to retain the earth. The finished level of ramp infront of the Arasalar River is -3 m and at the end, the finished level is +2m and therefore the total vertical height is 5 m. Adopting a slope of 1 in 15, the total length of retaining wall required to be provided is 75 m. Therefore the sloping cradle has been designed as a plate girder to withstand maximum load of 50 tonne. 2.3 Fish Processing Unit Fish catch at Karaikal has been estimated based on the data available with CMFRI for the Karaikal. The total fish catch at Karaikal has been estimated as 15 Tonnes per day. it is proposed to have 6 Tonne capacity fish processing unit at Karaikal to process, freeze and preserve the fishes and to supply the same in the local market at higher cost. 2.4 Ice Plant The total quantity of fish catch at Karaikal Fishing harbour is 15 tonnes/day. Considering 50% of total fish catch require iceing (0.5 x 15) 7.5 tonnes. The total Ice required for fleet and landed fish catch is (32 tonnes +7.5 tonnes) about 40 tonnes. Presently there is an ice plant of 10 tonne capacity. Hence the new ice plant with a capacity of 30 tonne per day is proposed at Karaikal. This will cater the needs of another 200 boats.
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2.5 Treatment for Effluent Sullage It is proposed to have 6 Tonne capacity fish processing unit at Karaikal Fishing harbour. The total quantity of sullage that is expected to be generated from fish processing and fish washing units is estimated as 75,000 litres per day. Hence, a pre-fabricated Sewage treatment plant of 75000 litres capacity is proposed for installation at Karaikal Fishing harbour. 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS The Study Area considered for the EIA study has been considered as the area within radius of 10 km considering the proposed project site at the centre. As a part of the EIA study, the baseline status has been ascertained for various aspects and the same is summarized in the following sections: 3.1 Meteorology Average annual rainfall in the project area is 1260 mm. Majority of rainfall is received under the influence of north-east monsoons during the months from October to December. As the project area is located in the tropical maritime zone summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild. Humidity ranges from 83% to 85% in monsoon and 69% to 76% in rest of the year. The average maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season are 43oC and 27oC respectively. 3.2 Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out with a frequency of two samples per week at three locations in August / September, 2010. The parameters monitored as a part of the study are listed as below:
• PM 10
• PM 2.5
• Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The PM2.5 concentration varies from 27.32 to 29.66 µg/m3 at various stations. Values of PM10
ranged from 34.65 to 47.24 µg/m3, which is below the prescribed limits of 60 µg/m3 and 100
µg/m3 respectively. The concentration of SO2 at various stations ranged from 1.11 to 9.23
µg/m3, which is below the prescribed limits of 80 µg/m3. Similarly NOX concentration was below detectable limits. 3.3 Noise Environment Baseline noise levels were recorded at 3 locations in the study area and equivalent noise level were calculated. The day time noise level ranged from a minimum of 28 dB(A) to a maximum of 37 dB(A). The night time noise level ranged from a minimum of 26 dB(A) to a maximum of 36 dB(A), which area well below the permissible limit. 3.4 Landuse Pattern The landuse pattern of the study area has also been studied using satellite data. The major portion of study area is occupied by water bodies (46.44%). Area under vegetation and agriculture accounts for about 9.90 % and 23.79 % of the total study area respectively. The Marshy and barren area are about 8.34% and 0.40%, respectively. 3.5 Marine Water Quality The temperature of the water samples ranged from 23°C to 25°C. pH value also did not exhibit insignificant variation and was in the range of 8.0 – 8.1. There is no fresh water influence during the time of collection and thus the salinity of surface water samples varied from 30 to 31 ppt. The DO values recorded at the four stations ranged from 4.00 mg/l to 4.50
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mg/l. Biochemical Oxygen Demand varied from 1.20 to 1.37 mg/l. The phosphorus and nitrates concentrations varied between 0.72 to .84 µmol/l and 1.06 to 1.16 µmol/l respectively. The concentration of cadmium in the water samples varied from 0.27 to 0.51µg/l. The concentration of Zinc in the study areas varied between11.0 to 12.30 µg/l. The estimated concentrations of lead ranged from 7 to 8.1 µg/l. The mercury level varied from 11.2 mg/l to 13.2 mg/l. 3.6 Sediment Quality The pH of sediments at various samples ranged from 8.1 to 8.2. The total phosphorus concentrations varied between 1.24 and 1.74 mg/g. The total nitrogen concentration ranged between 1.97 and 2.74 mg/g. Zinc concentrations was recorded in the range of 15.9 to 17µg/g. The concentrations of Lead varied between 36 and 43 µg/g. The mercury concentration was in the range of 5.9 to 6.1 ng/g. 3.7 Marine Ecology Detailed marine ecological survey was conducted at 5 locations. The parameters covered in marine survey includes primary productivity, Chlorophyll’a, Phaeo-pigment, Phytoplankton, Total Biomass, Zooplanktons, Macrobenthos, Meio-benthos et; The net primary productivity varies from 1.30 to 1.42 mg/m3. Chlorophyll’a content varied between 1.35 to 1.82 mg/m3. Phaeophytin content was analyzed in the range of 1.12 to 1.32 mg/m3. The phytoplankton density varies from 1735 Nos./l to 6675 Nos./l. The zooplankton population ranged from 435 to 3875 Nos./l.
3.8 Socio-economic Aspects There are 10 marine fishing villages in the Karaikal region. Total families in these villages are 3308. There are 1031 full time fishermen, 780 part time fishermen and 718 fishermen are involved in allied activities. There is no proper fish auction hall and the fish is being auctioned in the beach itself. The buyers transport these fishes to Karaikal fish market and nearby areas in Tamil Nadu for sale. 4. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts that are expected to accrue as a result of the proposed project have been briefly described in the following sections. 4.1 Land Environment Impacts due to construction activities Pre-construction activities generally do not cause significant damage to environment. The levels of construction activities envisaged in the proposed project are unlikely to cause any significant adverse impact. The natural drainage in the area is such that the entire water would outfall in the marine water. This could lead to marginal increase in turbidity levels. However, based on experience in similar projects, this impact is not expected to be significant. Impacts during Operation Phase Apart from the domestic sewage, totally 75,000 litres of sullage is likely to be generated in the Karaikal fishing harbour. The sullage generated from two auction halls, Pre-processing unit, Ice plant and Mechanised workshop will be collected in the manholes at the respective location and finally treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant and shall be reused for the horticulture purposes after treatment.
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Solid waste
The predicted total Municipal Solid Waste (including Fish Waste) is expected to be about 3.0 tonne/day .Solid waste comprises all bulky rubbish, old pieces of rope and netting, broken fish boxes etc. The detailed of solid waste management measures are given in Environmental Management Plan.
4.2 Water Environment Construction Phase The peak labour requirement during construction phase be about 200. The total water requirement for the laborers works out to 30 m3/day and the sewage generated will be about 24 m3/day. It is proposed to treat the sewage from labour camps prior to disposal.
Operation phase
It is proposed to have 6 Tonne capacity fish processing unit in Karaikal Fishing harbour. The total quantity of sullage that is expected to be generated from fish washing and fish processing unit has been estimated as 75,000 litres per day, which shall be treated in a pre-fabricated Sewage Treatment Plant.
4.3 Noise Environment Construction Phase The major sources of noise during construction phase are due to operation of various construction equipment. The noise levels generated by various construction equipments various between 70-90 dB (A). Based on the noise modelling, it has been observed that at a distance of 100 m and 200 m from the construction site, the increase in noise levels will be about 10 dB(A) and 15 dB(A) respectively. The nearest residential areas are more than 500 m away from the proposed fishing harbour. Thus, no adverse impacts are anticipated on noise levels due to the proposed project.
Operation phase
The major sources of noise during operation phase are vehicular movement for the transportation of fish. Increase in the noise levels during the construction phase are not expected to travel beyond 50 m. Hence, it is anticipated that there will not be significant increase in the noise levels in the operation phase of the proposed fishing harbour project. 4.4 Air Environment Construction Phase The combustion of diesel in construction equipment could be one of the possible sources of air pollution during the construction phase. It has been observed from the modeling that the incremental concentration of So2 is quite low and does not require any specific control measure. Thus, the operation of construction equipment is not expected to have any major impact on the ambient air quality. The fugitive emissions generated due to vehicular movement also contributes to Air Pollution. However fugitive emissions are not expected to travel beyond a distance of 200 to 300m. Hence, the impact on air environment during construction phase is not expected to be significant.
Operation phase
The major source of air pollution in the post-project phase is the vehicular movement for transportation of fish catch to different destinations of markets. On an average about 10 to 20 trucks per day will move in the area. The pollution levels due to those are not expected to be significant to cause significant adverse impact on ambient air quality.
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4.5 Ecology The study area has no major forest cover. Hence, no significant impacts are envisaged on terrestrial flora as a result of the proposed project. 4.6 Socio Economic Environment Construction Phase In the construction stage the peak labour force, skilled and unskilled labourers, is estimated at about 200. About 100 labour population are likely to come from nearby sites. The balance, i.e. 100 labour and their family members are likely to stay near construction sites. Thus, it is necessary to develop adequate infrastructure facilities, so that the requirements of the immigrating labour population are met. Operation Phase The facilities being proposed as a part of the expansion of the Karaikal fishing harbour will provide boost to fishing activities in the region. Additional employment from net making, boat repairs and other non conventional labour shall also be created. 4.6 Summary of Impacts The summary of impacts is given in Table-1
TABLE-1 SUMMARY OF PREDICTION
SUMMARY OF PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
Issues considered for prediction
Result of Prediction Impacts Significance
Air Quality Impacts
• Vehicular emission during transportation of construction materials
• The increase in the concentration of NOX, CO and HC at a distance of 500m is negligible and the overall concentration conform to NAAQS
• The impacts are short term, temporary and shall cease to exist after construction is complete.
Low in the long term and with suitable EMP like covering trucks with tarpaulin sheets, regulation of vehicle speeds and regular emission checks
• Vessel emission • Increase in concentration within the fishing harbour, but will return to background levels as the vessels are of low capacity
Low
Shoreline changes
• Construction activities • Negligible littoral drift calculated, thereby resulting in negligible accretion / erosion
• Low
Land / Aesthetics
• Disposal of solid wastes from canteen, fish meal, rotten fish, ship wastes, vessel repair wastes inland inside the fishing harbour
• Increased organic, toxic and heavy metal loads from runoff
• Odour and pests infection
• Low, when appropriate management measures are implemented.
Water Quality / Ecological Impacts
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Issues considered for prediction
Result of Prediction Impacts Significance
• Wharf construction • Increased turbidity from boulder laying
• Smothering of benthic flora/fauna
• The impacts are short-term and cease after construction is complete.
• Provide nurseries and breeding grounds after construction is complete
• Medium during construction phase
• Beneficial in the long term after construction ceases
• Increased pathogen, organic loads leading to DO depletion, Eutrophication resulting in fish kills, decomposition and infection
• Toxics and hazardous wastes may lead to bioaccumulation and bio magnification especially in juveniles
• High (-ve)
• Low when integrated with Environmental and Fishing harbor management plans and non-fisheries impacts (from municipal sewage) are regulated;
• Discharge of oil sewage and waste water from vessels
• Increased organic loads, oil and grease inside the breakwater with insufficient mixing
• Low when onshore facilities for reception of oily wastes, slop and wastewater are provided. Adherence to EMP items shall be ensured by the Dept. of Fisheries.
Socio Economics
Livelihood and employment • The region is a fishing village with no other means of livelihood. Increased employment opportunities to locals from fisheries associated activities like net mending, boat repairs, markets, exports etc.,
• High (Positive)
Risk
Fuelling Operations • Impacts from Worst Case Scenario are limited to the fishing harbour. However, considering the generally crowded nature of fishing harbour it is required to provide fire hydrants in the vicinity of berthing locations
• Adequate care needs to be taken for protection of the fuel pipelines
• Low significance under normal operating conditions
• Consequences limited to fishing harbour only, during abnormal conditions as low quantities of fuel shall be handled.
• Adequate Fire hydrants and first aid facilities shall be provided within the fishing harbour
• Marine Environment
Construction activities
• Impact on Marine water • Low significance under
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Issues considered for prediction
Result of Prediction Impacts Significance
quality and marine ecology normal operating conditions
• Net Impacts • Low (-ve) significance for short term
• Net Benefits • High (+ve) significance for long term
5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed fish landing centre is briefly described in the following sections: 5.1 Surface Water Quality The following measures are recommended:
• Spillage of fuel / engine oil and lubricants from the construction site shall be prevented by suitable precautions and also by providing necessary mechanisms to trap the spillage.
• Temporary colonies of the construction workers should be established sufficiently away from the HTL and adequate sanitation facilities shall be provided to prevent degrading the environmental quality of the area.
• The construction activities will be carried out in the confined manner to reduce the impacts on marine environment.
• The construction waste including the debris shall be disposed safely in the designated areas and in no case shall be disposed in the marine environment.
5.2 Ambient Air Quality
• Water sprinkling shall be done at least thrice a day at the construction sites, haul roads and other access roads of the project area.
• Transportation trucks shall be covered to control fugitive dust.
• Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should be avoided during loading and unloading of construction material.
• All construction vehicles should comply with emission standards of CPCB and be maintained properly.
• Use of Ready-mix concrete wherever possible shall be explored. In the case of use of Concrete Mixer, Concrete Mixer should be mounted on shelter with top and slides closed.
5.3 Noise Quality
• Measures for minimizing noise generated from vehicles and other mechanical devices should be.
• Enclosures and mufflers for the construction equipment shall be provided during construction.
• DG sets shall be installed with acoustic enclosures and silencers so as to reduce noise up to the standard level as far as possible.
• Ear protective devices shall be used by the construction workers where they are exposed to steady noise levels above 85 dB (A).
5.4 Land Environment
• Modernization of fishing harbor should be carried out as per applicable regulations such as local planning requirements, fishery sector guide lines, coastal zone regulations and other environment regulations of Government of India and The World Bank.
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• Hazardous materials like diesel, LPG and paints, etc., should be stored as per the explosives act of GoI.
5.5 Marine Environment
• Construction activities to be scheduled and planned to minimise impacts on fishermen and marine ecology;
• Disposal of sewage from the construction work area in to sea, shall be prevented with suitable wastewater treatment measures
• Strict management of the aquatic environment should be followed during the construction phase through waste control, use of minimum disturbance techniques during construction for ensuring minimal changes to the aquatic environment.
• After completion of the construction activities adequate clean-up and restored to their original contours and the aesthetic quality of the surroundings should be restored.
5.6 Waste Water Management
• Apart from the domestic sewage, totally 75,000 litres of sullage Total 75,000 litres of sullage is likely to be generated in the Karaikal fishing harbour. A pre-fabricated Sewage treatment plant is proposed as a part of modernization of Karaikal Fishing harbor.
5.7 Oil Spill Mitigation during the Operation Phase
• Oil boom is proposed near the complex so that any oil that is spilled can be arrested by using the boom. The trapped oil is sucked out using a hand suction pump and transferred to the Oil collection container.
• Waste oil will be collected in 200-litre oil drums and soled to oil processing companies for reprocessing.
5.8 Solid Waste Management
• The total solid waste to be generated would be of the order of 3 t/day, which will be collected and recyclable waste will be recycled. The balance solid waste will be disposed of at designated landfill site.
5.9 Greenbelt Development
• It is proposed to develop greenbelt around various project appurtenances, which will go a long way to achieve environmental protection and mitigation of pollution levels in the area. About 2 ha of land is proposed to be afforested as a part of Greenbelt Development Plan. . The plantation will be at a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m. The width of the greenbelt will be 30 m. About 1,600 trees per hectare will be planted.
5.10 Summary of Environmental Management Plan
The summary of Environmental Management Plan is given in Table – 2
(ii) Obtain planning permissions from relevant local planning authority and the local administration (iii) Ensure transfer of land from revenue authorities for approach road and dumping site of the project
2 Site clearance Site clearance shall be carried out to in such a way that the clearance and grubbing waste is disposed immediately in the designated dumping site identified for the project. In no case the waste material shall not be disposed in the sea or river or any other sensitive environment components.
Contractor
During Construction Stage
1 Infrastructure provisions at construction camps
The Contractor during the progress of work will provide, erect and maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour as per the requirements of applicable labour regulations of Government of India. All the work sites and camp sites shall also be provided with basic sanitation and infrastructure as per the requirements of Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.
Contractor
2 Transportation of construction materials
The contractor should bring construction material only from approved quarries. Heavy vehicles shall be covered with Tarpaulin sheets to minimize fugitive dust during transportation
Contractor
3 Ambient Air quality
All the vehicles must have valid PUC certificates at all the time during construction phase of the project, Water sprinkling shall be done to suppress the dust emissions from the site. All the DG sets used for construction shall have valid consents from TNPCB and shall have built-in stacks to reduce the air emission impacts.
Contractor
4 Noise The construction materials shall be properly maintained and barricades shall be provided around the site for reducing the noise levels. All the workers will be provided with personal protective equipment including ear plugs and other necessary provisions by the contractor.
Contractor
5 Water The quality of water (marine, river and Contractor
wastewater discharged from the camps) shall be analysed once in three months during construction, for its compliance to the disposal standards of pollution control authority.
6 Emergency Management
First aid kits and emergency treatment facilities shall be provided by the contractor at the work sites, camp sites and all other ancillary facilities.
Contractor
7 Greenbelt development
Green belt with adequate number of trees shall be developed and shall be maintained to ensure at 80% survival rate.
Contractor and Fisheries Department
8 Marine Environment
• To assess the impacts on marine environment marine water and benthal samples shall be analysed on a quarterly basis during construction phase and necessary mitigation measures shall be implemented, as directed by the engineer in charge
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in sea water to be monitored at various locations in and around the construction work areas in order to assess the sediment transport and the resultant impacts
Contractor
Operation Stage
1 Monitoring Operational Performance
The PIU and Fishing harbour management shall monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation measures implemented in the project. This shall include overall hygiene practices of the Fishing harbour, performance of wastewater treatment plant, impacts due to material dump site, survival rate of trees, quality of river water, marine water and sediment quality
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
2 Water & Waste water
Surface water, ground water, marine water and treated / untreated wastewater quality shall be analysed by on a quarterly basis
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
3. Air Environment Ambient air quality and DG stack monitoring shall be done once in a quarter. Water sprinkling for dust suppression and Greenbelt development shall be carried out in the premises. Proper maintenance of boats shall be ensured to reduce the emissions.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
4. Noise DG sets with acoustic enclosures shall be deployed.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
5. Solid Waste Solid waste from the site should be source segregated and collected into biodegradable & non-biodegradable waste. The biodegradable waste will be treated in organic waste converter (OWC) and used as manure, whereas the non biodegradable waste shall be sent to authorised recyclers.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
6 Emergency Management
First aid kits and emergency treatment facilities shall be maintained by the Fishing harbour operating agency. Adequate fire extinguishers shall be provided in the premises with clear fire exit signals and sign boards are displayed for evacuation.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME The summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation during project construction and operation phases is given in Tables-3 and 4 respectively
TABLE-3 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme (construction phase)
Summer, Post-monsoon & Winter seasons Twice a week for four consecutive weeks per season.
Villages
4. Noise Equivalent Noise Level
Once per month Project area and sites within 1 km of the project area
5. Greenbelt Development
Rate of survival and growth of various species
Once per month Various plantation sites.
7. COST ESTIMATE The cost estimates for implementing Environmental Management Plan (EMP) shall be Rs.27 million. The details are given in Table-5
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TABLE-5 Summary of cost estimate for implementing EMP
S. No.
Parameter Cost (Rs. million)
1. Solid Waste Management 3.70
2. Waste Water Treatment 20.00
2. Sanitary facilities at labour camps 0.80
3. Treatment of effluent from workshops 0.50
4. Greenbelt development 0.12
5. Purchase of noise meter 0.05
6. Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction phase (Refer Table-6.3)
1.60
Total 26.67 say Rs. 27.0 million
The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction phase is Rs.1.60 million. The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme during operation phase is Rs.0.75 million/year.
Project Implementation Agency EIA Study for Reconstruction and Modernization (Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project) of Karaikal fishing harbour
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Karaikal is a coastal town with a total coastline of 20 km. The location of Karaikal
town is shown in Figure-1.1. There are 10 fishing villages and around 3300
fishermen families are living in these coastal villages and their main employment is
fishing and fishing related activity. As per the registration details of Puducherry
fisheries department, 123 Mechanised boats, 400 FRP Boat fitted with OBM have
been registered. Since there is no fishing harbour for berthing their vessels and
handling their catches, the fishermen currently operating their fleet from
Jagathapattinam, Mallipattinam and Nagapattinam. The Karaikal Fishermen
demanded the Government of Puducherry to construct the fishing harbour.
The Department of Fisheries, Government of Puducherry has requested the Central
Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fishery (CICEF) to undertake the necessary
Engineering and Economic investigation and prepare a Project Feasibility Report for
development of Fishing harbour at Karaikal to fulfill the long felt need of fishermen
community. The CICEF Institute has carried out the Techno-Economic Feasibility
Report and prepared two different fishing harbour layouts and forwarded the same to
Government of Puducherry. The fish ing harbour layout on the southern side of river
Arasalar mouth was finalized. The Ministry of Environment and Forest had accorded
Environment clearance in July 2004 for the development of fishing harbour at
Karaikal.
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The PWD of Puducherry prepared the estimate for various components and total
cost of project is estimated as Rs.34.80 Crores which include construction of
Training wall at North and Southern bank of river.
1.2 REGULATORY AUTHORITIES FOR CRZ REGULATION
National Coastal Management Authority (NCZMA) –The Authority l examines and
accords approval to area specific management plans, based on the
recommendations of the State Coastal Zone Management Authorities and Union
Territory Coastal Zone Management Authorities
State Coastal Management Authority (SCZMA)
Based on the CRZ notification in 1991, the state Government constitutes Coastal
Zone Management Authority (SCZMA). The SCZMA is designated as having the
power to take various measures for protecting and improving the quality of the
coastal environment and preventing, abating and controlling environmental pollution
in areas of the respective State/UT. For the present project, shall review the project
and make recommendations to the National Coastal Zone Management Authority for
according clearance under CRZ notification.
District Coastal Management Authority (DCZMA)
The State/ Union Territory Government constitutes the District Coastal Zone
Management Authorities (DCZMA) with Collector of the District as its Chairman, to
monitor, enforce and implement the provisions of Coastal Regulation Zone at the
district level. Proposals seeking clearance under Coastal Regulation Zone
Notification are first scrutinized by the District Coastal Management Authority and
then submitted to State Coastal Zone Management Authority (SCZMA). The DCZMA
assists the State Coastal Zone Management Authority in discharging the expected
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duties apart from attending to the local issues concerned with the Coastal Regulation
Zones.
1.3 MARINE FISHING VILLAGES IN KARAIKAL REGION
There are 10 marine fishing villages in the Karaikal region. The names of the marine
fishing villages and the number of families in each village are given in Table-1.1.
TABLE-1.1
Details of marine fishing villages in Karaikal region
S. No. Name No. of families
1. Karaikalmedu 782
2. Kilinjalmedu 646
3. Keezhakasakudy 254
4. Kottucherrymedu 220
5. Akkampettai 117
6. Kalikuppam 176
7. Mandapathur 113
8. Karikalacherry 345
9. North vanjure 206
10. Pattinacherry 449
Total 3,308 Source: Department of Fisheries & Fishermen Welfare, Puducherry
In Karaikal region, there are 1031 full time fishermen, 780 part time fishermen and
the fishermen involved in allied activities are 718. The number repairing of boats is
33, 112 in processing of fish, 14 in fish and prawn seed collection and 232 in other
related activities.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY
The objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment for the reconstruction and
modernization of existing fishing harbour at Karaikal are to assess the likely impacts
on the existing quality of land, marine water, noise, air quality, marine as well as
terrestrial ecology and socio-economic environment. Mitigating measures in the form
Project Implementation Agency EIA Study for Reconstruction and Modernization (Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project) of Karaikal fishing harbour
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of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have also been outlined as a part of
the EIA report.
The key components of the EIA study include:
- assessment of the existing status of physico-chemical, ecological (terrestrial and marine) and socio-economic aspects of environment
- identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due
to activities envisaged during construction and operation phases. - prediction of significant impacts on various aspects of environment. - delineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining measures to
minimize adverse impacts during construction and operation phases of the proposed project.
- formulation of environmental quality monitoring programme for construction
and operation phases. 1.5 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE EIA STUDY
The purpose of this section is to enumerate the steps carried out in an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The same are briefly described in
the following paragraphs.
Environmental Baseline study
Before the start of the project, it is essential to ascertain the baseline levels of
appropriate environmental parameters which could be significantly affected by the
implementation of the project. The planning of baseline survey emanates from short
listing of impacts prepared during identification. The baseline study involved both
field work and review of existing documents, which is necessary for identification of
data which may already have been collected for other purposes.
As per the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF) guidelines, the Study Area for
the EIA study has been considered as the 10 km radius keeping the proposed
project site at the centre. The baseline data on various environmental parameters
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like land use pattern, water quality, noise, meteorology, air quality, demography and
socio-economics, terrestrial ecology and marine ecology was collected through field
studies, literature review and collection of secondary data as available with various
departments and locals.
The methodology adopted for various aspects of data collection is briefly described
in the following paragraphs:
• Marine Ecology
The marine ecological survey was conducted in the month of August, 2009. The
surface as well bottom water samples were collected using mechanized vessels.
Each location was fixed on benchmark and after reaching the site, the vessel was
anchored.
Parameters like temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were estimated by an
YSI temperature, salinity oxygen meter respectively at the site itself.
Plankton samples were collected by filtering a known volume of water by a plankton
not of <60 µ mesh size bolting silk. Surface water was collected using a clean bucket
without causing any disturbances. Likewise, the bottom water samples were
collected by Nansen bottle. Sediment samples were collected by a grab sampler
operated from the vessel.
The data on various aspects like major aquatic floral and faunal species, rare and
endangered species, fisheries, crabs, prawns, mangroves, etc. was also collected as
a part of primary data collection. Apart from this, the secondary data/information as
available from the reported literature have been appropriately utilized in the EIA
report.
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• Ambient Air quality
Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at three locations in and around the
project area. The parameters monitored were PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx.
• Noise Environment
Noise levels in the study area were recorded with A-weighted noise level meter at
various sampling locations in and around the project area. The readings were taken
during day and night time and equivalent noise levels were estimated and used in
the EIA report.
• Socio-economic Aspects
The data on demography, socio-economics was collected from secondary data
sources like Census handbook, Statistical handbook, and revenue records, etc.
• Landuse pattern
The landuse pattern of the study area has been studied using digital satellite data,
which was procured from National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad in
the form of CD-ROM for IRS-1C, LISS III. Detailed ground truth studies were
conducted for formulation of signature data set. A supervised classification was then
conducted using the GIS & IMAGINE processing software packages available in
house at WAPCOS Centre for Environment. The landuse pattern has been also
studied with use of revenue data (Census handbook).
Assessment of Impacts
With knowledge of the baseline conditions, project characteristics, the intensity of
construction and operation activities and current critical conditions, detailed
projections were made for the influence of the proposed project on physio-chemical,
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biological and social environment in the area. The impacts on environment due to
construction and operation activities of the proposed project were identified.
The various aspects of the environment covered as a part of the Impact Assessment
were:
• Land Environment
• Air Environment
• Noise Environment
• Terrestrial Environment
• Socio-Economic Aspects.
An attempt was made to predict future environmental scenario quantitatively to the
extent possible. However, for non-tangible impacts, qualitative assessment has been
done.
Environmental Management Plan
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was delineated to ensure that the
adverse impacts likely to accrue are altogether removed or minimized to the extent
possible. After selection of suitable and feasible environmental mitigation measures,
the cost required for implementation of various environmental management
measures has been estimated to have an idea of their cost-effectiveness.
Environmental Monitoring Programme
A post-project environmental monitoring programme has been suggested to oversee
the environmental safeguards, to ascertain the agreement between prediction and
reality and to suggest the remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage
but during the operation phase and to generate data for further use. The equipment,
manpower and cost required for the implementation of environmental monitoring
programme were also suggested.
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1.6 OUTLINE OF THE REPORT
The contents of the EIA report are arranged as follows:
Chapter 1: The chapter gives an overview of the need for the project, objectives and
need for EIA study etc.
Chapter 2: A brief write-up on various project appurtenances, construction schedule
and construction material requirement have been covered in this chapter.
Chapter 3: Baseline environmental conditions including physical, biological and
socio-economic parameters, resource base and infrastructure have been described
in this chapter. Before the start of the project, it is essential to ascertain the baseline
conditions of appropriate environmental parameters which could be significantly
affected by the implementation of the project. The planning of baseline survey
emanates from short listing of impacts prepared during identification. The baseline
study involves both field work and review of existing documents, which is necessary
for identification of data which may already have been collected for other purposes.
Chapter 4: Anticipated positive and negative impacts as a result of the construction
and operation of the proposed project were assessed in the Chapter. Prediction is
essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions of the project
area that might be expected to occur as a result of the construction and operation of
the proposed project. An attempt has been made to predict future environmental
conditions quantitatively to the extent possible. But for certain parameters, which
cannot be quantified, the general approach is to discuss such intangible impacts in
qualitative terms so that planners and decision-makers are aware of their existence
as well as their possible implications.
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Chapter 5: Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for amelioration of anticipated
adverse impacts likely to accrue as a result of the proposed project. The approach
for formulation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to maximize the
positive environmental impacts and minimize the negative ones. After selection of
suitable environmental mitigation measures, cost required for implementation of
various management measures is also estimated.
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation during project
construction and operation phases has been delineated in this Chapter. The
objective is to assess the adequacy of various environmental safeguards and to
compare the predicted and actual scenario during construction and operation phases
to suggest remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage but arising
during these phases and to generate data for further use. The cost for required for
implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme has also been summarized
in this chapter.
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CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fishing (CICEF) involved in Planning
and Design of fishing habour at Karaikal. The fishing harbour was planned and
designed for handling Mechanised vessel comprising 200 Nos. of 11 m and 120 Nos.
of 13 m trawlers. The Feasibility Report was submitted by CICEF during 1997.
The Feasibility Report was reviewed by the Department of Fisheries, Government of
Puducherry. Since considerable time had elapsed in conducting mathematical model
study and getting report from CWPRS, the report was revised in April 2001 by
collecting and updating the field data.
As per the statistics during April 2001, the fleet strength remained unchanged and
various components of fishing harbour were firmed up to accommodate the fleet
strength of 320 Nos.
In the Detailed Project Report of CICEF, a recommendation was made for additional
capacities for providing Ice Plant and Fish Processing Unit and it was also indicated
that these facilities have to be constructed during “O” year (Before commencing of its
commercial activities).Further in the on-going fishing harbour project, a provision to
construct the slip way was made and cost provided in the estimate for this purpose
was Rs.25.00 lakh.
In the estimate of CICEF, 35 m wide ramp with 1 in 10 slope along with metal and
sand layer of 250 mm thick have been suggested.As the fleet being operated in
Karaikal is of steel and wooden mechanised boat and the length of boat is between
11 to 13 m, providing sloping hard is not suitable for hauling and launching. The
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Stake-holders insisted during the pre-stake holder’s meeting to make modern and
mechanised repair arrangement.Considering the efficiency of the slipway, approval
was accorded by the World Bank to provide slipway at Karaikal Fishing Harbour
during the meeting held on 5-3-2010.
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.2.1 Boat making and Repair Yard
There is no provision in the estimate for boat making and repair yard facilities under
the centralised sponsored scheme and the fishermen find IT difficulties to build or
repair their boat. The fishermen have to go to Nagapattinam for utilising the boat
making and repair yard facilities. To avoid hardship and inconvenience to the
fishermen community, the Boat making and Repair Yard is proposed on the southern
end of slip way under the ETRP scheme. It comprises of 3 Bays on each shed and
each bay is provided with CR100 Rail arrangements. In this Boat making and Repair
yard, 6 Nos. of Boats can be repaired or build at a time. The general layout of Boat
Making and Repair Yard is shown in Figure-2.1.
2.2.2 Slip way
The location of slip way is on the south west side of Arasalar River and on the
western side of fishing harbour. It is proposed to provide cantilever retaining wall
from -4 m to +2m to retain the earth. The finished level of ramp infront of the Arasalar
River is -3 m and at the end, the finished level is +2m and therefore the total vertical
height is 5 m. Adopting a slope of 1 in 15, the total length of retaining wall required
to be provided is 75 m.
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2.2.3 Design of the Cradle system
The maximum length of the steel boat is 36 feet (12 meter) and the maximum weight
of boat is assessed as 19 T and the wooden boat weight is 9 T. Therefore the
sloping cradle has been designed as a plate girder to withstand maximum load of 50
tonne.
2.2.4 Construction sequence
The construction sequence is given as below:
� Construction of cofferdam in front of the proposed slip way to avoid the
intrusion of water during working.
� Earthwork excavation and dredging
� Construction of cantilever retaining wall
� PCC and RCC Concreting for ramp portion
� Providing CR100 Rail of 2.5m apart in ramp portion, transfer bay for the
movement of transfer cradle and also in the boat making and repair yard.
� Providing winch room with winch of suitable capacity.
� Fabrication of sloping cradle, Boat trolley and Transfer cradle.
2.3 FISH PROCESSING UNIT
A detailed sectoral analysis was carried out as a part of the Feasibility study to
assess the number of boats registered with the department of fisheries and annual
fish catches and variety of fish landings, gear details including marketing avenues
and method of disposal. The data available with department of fisheries have been
collected.
During the presentation made on various occasions it is emphasized to adopt the
catch details published by the CMFRI. In this connection the fisheries statistics from
CMFRI was collected and as per the CMFRI data, the fish catch details upto 2004
was available for entire Union Territory of Puducherry without any breakup. However
the fish catch details from 2005 to 2008 was available for Puducherry, Karaikal,
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Mahe and Yanam separately. The CMFRI data available for Karaikal region between
2005 to 2008 was considered and from this a total fish catch per day is assessed as
15 Tonnes. . The general layout of Fish Processing Unit is shown in Figure-2.2.
2.4 ICE PLANT
Ice has a very large cooling capacity for a given weight or volume. It is used for
preservation of fish since rapid cooling is possible through intimate contact between
fish and ice pieces. Quality at the end product will depend on the supply of adequate
quantity and quality of ice used for its preservation right from the catch through
various stages of processing such as landing, auctioning, transportation, storage,
etc.,
All fishing vessels prior to their sail need to carry block ice in sufficient quantity for
preserving fish. Block ice is cheaper, convenient to carry, requires less space and is
having less melt water when compared to any other form of ice. Therefore, modern
block ice manufacturing units is proposed to supply quality ice to the fishing industry
by using potable water. The area and location of ice plant were reviewed by the
Collector and other Team member during the meeting and the size and location were
approved by the committee after the deliberation. The District Collector informed that
the existing fleet strength in Karaikal may be fixed as 100 nos. and requested the
Consultant to develop infrastructure facilities for 300 mechanised crafts, considering
future growth. The general layout of Ice Plant is shown in Figure-2.3.
Ice required
As per Sectoral Analysis study, the total fleet being operated in Karaikal is 123 nos.
and there is no FRP Boat with Inboard engine in Karaikal. Assuming 65% of fleet
are being operated for fish catch,
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No. of fleet going for fish catch = 123 x 65%= 79.95 nos. Say, 80 Assuming ice required for daily fishing is 400 kg/vessel. Thus, Ice required for daily
fishing (80 x 400) 32000 kg.
The quantity of fish catch as per CMFRI data for Karaikal Fishing harbour is
15 tonnes/day. Considering 50% of total fish catch require iceing (0.5 x 15) 7.5
tonnes. The total Ice required for fleet and landed fish catch is (32 tonnes +7.5
tonnes) about 40 tonnes.
Presently there is an ice plant of 10 tonne capacity constructed by SIFFS located at
Singaravelusalai near Karaikalmedu and is now in operating condition. Hence the
capacity of ice plant proposed at Karaikal is 30 tonne with adequate provision for
expansion to cater the needs of another 200 boats for future expansion when it
becomes operational from the Karaikal fishing harbour. The area earmarked for the
Ice plant is 30 m x 20 m which includes provision for future expansion also. Two
numbers of 50 T of refrigeration capacity compressor is required for 30 tonne ice
production at – 15° evaporation and + 40° condensing temperature. The capacity of
motor required is 188 HP and totally 110 T of refrigeration is required for the ice plant
to produce the 30 T of Ice. The power required of producing 30T of ice is 145 KW.
Water requirement of Ice Plant
It is roughly estimated that for an ice plant, an equal amount of fresh water will be
needed. Therefore for 30 tonne capacity ice plant, the requirement of fresh water by
taking into account 2 to 3 days reserve storage is about 90,000 litres. Since Karaikal
is a small town having a population of about 1.71 lakh, it is proposed to draw water
for ice plant from the locally available sources, as the ground water in the area is
saline.
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According to the norms of MPEDA, area required for setting up an ice plant of 20
Tonne per day is about 300 m2. Therefore, it is proposed to provide the Ice plant with
size 30 m x 17 m approximate with reference to the quantum of ice arrived based on
CMFRI data. The proposed Ice plant shall have built-up area of 30m x 17m and
shall be of framed structure with shallow foundation and the expected production of
Ice per day is 30 Tonnes.
2.5 TREATMENT FOR DISCHARGE OF EFFLUENT SULLAGE:
The common liquid wastes that pollute the fishing harbour are:
� Sewage from sanitary facilities � Waste water from fish cleaning operations � Outfalls from processing plants � Galley waste from boats � Deck and fish-hold washings and � Laundry discharges.
In addition,
� Effluents from shore-based industries and � Human waste from settlements upstream and to the pollution load in some harbours.
� The harbour should provide reception facilities for large vessels to discharge their sewage.
In Karaikal, the development of fishing harbour is in progress. For some of the items,
the constructions are on-going and constructions for few components are yet to be
commenced. At present, 123 nos. of boats are being operated in Karaikal.
Considering 5 nos. of fishermen per boat, around 625 fishermen will be using the
harbour and around 200 outsider may use the harbour.
Considering 2 litres of water is required for washing 1 kg of fish and 75% of fishes
are being handled at the harbour. (75% of 15 tonne) 11.25 tonne. The total quantity
of water required (2 x 11.25 x 1000) 22500 is about 25000 litres.
In Karaikal Fishing harbour, it is proposed to have 6 Tonne capacity fish processing
unit. Considering 6 litres of water is required per kg of fish. The total quantity of
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sullage that is expected to be generated from fish processing unit is (6 x 1000 x 6)
36000 litres. The total sullage generated from fishing harbour (25000 + 36000)
61000 litres or Say, 75,000 litres.
Hence, a pre-fabricated Sewage treatment plant of 75000 litres capacity is proposed
for installation at Karaikal Fishing harbour. However, this work can be taken up only
after completion of all the components proposed under Centrally Sponsored Scheme
and also ETRP Scheme.
2.6 COST ESTIMATE
The abstract of cost of construction for the additional components proposed under
ETRP Scheme is given in Table-2.1.
TABLE-2.1 Abstract of cost estimate
S. No. Component Total Amount (Rs. lakhs)
1 Boat making & repair yard 33.00
2 Fish processing unit 35.00
3 Ice plant 123.00
4 Treatment for discharge of effluent sullage 25.00
5 Modernisation of slip way 265.00
Total 481.00
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CHAPTER-3
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS 3.1 GENERAL The assessment of baseline environmental setting is an essential component of
any EIA study. Based on the “Scoping Matrix”, various parameters to be covered
for assessment of baseline environmental setting are identified. Assessment of
environmental impacts due to reconstruction and modernization of the Karaikal
fishing harbour project requires a comprehensive and scientific consideration of
various environmental aspects and their interaction with natural resources,
namely, physico-chemical parameters i.e. meteorology, air quality, noise quality,
land use and water quality, biological parameters i.e. terrestrial flora and fauna,
marine flora and fauna, fish species, etc. and socio-economic parameters i.e.
demography, occupational profile, etc.
As a part of the EIA study, a large quantum of related secondary data as
available with departments like Forest, Fisheries, Revenue, etc. has been
collected. Field surveys were conducted for primary data generation on various
aspects including ambient air quality, water quality, noise, marine ecology,
landuse pattern, etc. The Study Area considered for the EIA study is the area
within radius of 10 km considering the proposed project site at the centre. The
study area map is enclosed as Figure-3.1. The major portion of the study area is
under water. In such settings, impacts likely to accrue as a result of project
reconstruction and modernization are expected to be occurring mainly on water
front i.e. on marine environment. Thus, as a part of the EIA study, appropriate
emphasis has been given to marine environment.
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As a part of the EIA study, the baseline status has been ascertained for the
following aspects:
• Physiography
• Geology
• Soils
• Meteorology
• Water Resources
• Ambient air quality
• Noise environment
• Landuse pattern
• Marine Water Quality
• Sediments
• Marine Ecology
• Socio-economic Aspects
3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY
Karaikal region is about 30 km south of Chennai and about 135 km from
Puducherry on the east coast. It is surrounded by Nagapattinam district of
Tamilnadu. Karaikal region comprises of five communities viz. Kottucheheri,
Nedungadu, Tirunallar, Niravai and Tirumalarajanpattinam. The region lies at fag
end of the Cauvery Delta and is irrigated by the canals of CMP. Karaikal region
has an area of 161 sq.km. The physiographic map of the Karaikal region
presents more or less flat straight land and there are no hills or forest. It has
gentle slope towards the Bay of Bengal in the east.
3.3 GEOLOGY
Karaikal is an important statigraphic horizon which indicated the prospects of `oil
shows’. This in turn attracted the attention of the Geological Survey of India (GSI)
between 1959-61 and later on the Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC)
carried out detailed studies for determining the possibility of the exploration of oil.
The Karaikal area is completely covered by a thick layer of alluvium.
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The geological succession of the formations are as follows:
NO3 + organic substrate + Heterotrophic = N2 + CO2 + H2O + New cells
3. Phosphorous removal (anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic)
VFA (organics) +Acinetobactor = release O-P
O-P + Bacteria + O2= new cells + cell maintenance
Co-Nitrification/ Denitrification
In the C Tech basin, excess oxygen is provided to oxidise ammonical nitrogen into
nitrates. This is an aerobic process. The biological process is regulated in such a way
that the biofloc profile allows for nitrification at the peripheral sections and denitrification
at the inner parts of the flocs.
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Ammonical nitrogen (NH4-N) is converted into nitrates (NO3-N) during the aeration
process. Aeration is then stopped to allow for settling of the biomass. During this time,
anoxic conditions set in which allow for denitrifnication of the nitrates (NO3N) into
nitrogen (N2) and carbondioxide (CO2) gas. Also at the start of each cycle, part of the
settled biomass is recycled into the selector zone using the RAS pumps, where in raw
effluent is also fed. The raw effluent acts as a substrate for the denitrification bacteria
and under the influence of, anoxic conditions denitrification occurs. Elemental oxygen is
released during this phase. This process of co Nitrification and Denitrifictaion result in
complete removal of Nitrogen from the effluent.
Phosphorous (P) Removal The key to Phosphorous removal is exposure of microorganisms to alternating aerobic
and anaerobic conditions. The alternating condition stresses the microorganism to
uptake higher concentration of dissolved phosphorous, from the effluent thereby
reducing the Phosphorous level in the effluent. Phosphorous is used by the
microorganism for cell maintenance, synthesis, energy transport and is also stored for
future requirements. The treated sewage/effluent from C TECH is fit for low end recycle
purpose like gardening, toilet flushing, cooling tower makeup water etc. In case similar
quality is to be achieved through conventional process, extra tertiary treatment units like
Denitrification tanks, clarifloculators and sand filters are required, which add to the land
requirement, capital as well as operating cost.
TREATMENT METHOD
RECEIVING OF EFFLUENT
Deep gravity outfall sewer shall discharge the raw Effluent into a Receiving Chamber
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from where it shall be taken into downstream Coarse Screens. The function of the
Receiving Chamber is to reduce the incoming velocity.
COARSE SCREENING
Adequate Nos. of Mechanical (working) along with Manual (standby) Coarse Screens
shall be provided upstream of Wet Well for removal of floating and oversized material
coming with the Effluent. The Coarse Screens shall screen out most of the medium &
large floating and oversized material such as plastic rags, debris, weeds, paper, cloth,
rags etc which could clog the waste water pump impellers. The Coarse Screens shall be
inclined Bar Screen of stainless steel flats and shall be of sturdy design to take care of
all sorts of materials envisaged in the gravity sewer. The screenings shall be dropped
on a Conveyor provided above the top of the Screen Channels. The screening material
as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow for its disposal.
RAW EFFLUENT PUMPING STATION
Screened Effluent after Coarse Screening shall enter into Wet Well of the Pumping
Station. The capacity of the Wet Well is such that adequate detention time is available
during average and peak flow conditions. The effective liquid volume shall be provided
below the invert level of the incoming sewer after leaving provision for freeboard. Also
an additional depression shall be provided to ensure adequate submergence of Pumps.
Pumping Station shall have a Room adequate for installing Electrical Panels. Suitable
arrangement shall be provided for lifting of Pumps.
Suitable combination of Submersible Pumps shall be provided to cater the pumping
requirements at average and peak flow conditions. Based on incoming flow conditions,
adequate nos. of Pumps shall start / stop automatically to cater the pumping
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requirements. The pumped flow from the Pumping Station shall be taken to the
elevated head works, Inlet chamber of the plant from where Effluent will gravitate to
Fine Screen Channels.
FLOW MEASUREMENT
An ultrasonic Flow Measurement Device shall measure the flow in the common
discharge header of pumps. The flow computation shall be through the dedicated
digital display with integrator.
STILLING CHAMBER Raw Effluent shall be taken into a Stilling Chamber from where it shall be taken into
downstream Fine Screens. The function of the Receiving Chamber is to reduce the
incoming velocity.
FINE SCREENING CHANNELS Adequate Nos. of Mechanical along with Manual (standby) Fine Screens shall be
provided upstream of treatment units for fine screening of Effluent. The Fine Screens
shall screen out most of the floating and oversized material more than 6mm size such
as plastic debris, weeds, paper, cloth, rags etc which could foul the downstream
treatment units. The Fine Screens shall be inclined Bar Screen of stainless steel flats.
The screenings shall be dropped on a Conveyor provided above the top of the screen
channel. The screening material as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow
for its disposal.
DE-GRITTING Screened Effluent will gravitate to Grit Separator Tank for removal of grit and small
inorganic particulate matter of specific gravity above 2.65 and particle size above 150
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microns. The Grit Separator Tank shall be of RCC construction complete with
mechanical internals and square in size. The grit separated shall be properly collected
and be transferred for disposal. The de-gritted Effluent shall flow through open
channels from the Grit Separators and confluence into a single channel of suitable
width.
SBR/CYCLIC ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
Primary treated Effluent shall be fed into the Cyclic Activated Sludge Process/SBR
Process Basins for biological treatment to remove BOD, COD and Suspended Solids. C
Tech is a CYCLIC ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT process. It provides highest
treatment efficiency possible in a single step biological process. The C Tech System is
operated in a batch reactor mode. This eliminates all the inefficiencies of the continuous
processes. A batch reactor is a perfect reactor, which ensures 100% treatment. Two
modules are provided to ensure continuous treatment. The complete process takes
place in a single reactor, within which all biological treatment steps take place
sequentially. No additional settling unit, Secondary Clarifier is required. The complete
biological operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3 – 5 hrs duration, during
which all treatment steps take place.
Explanation of Cyclic Operation:
A basic cycle comprises:
• Fill-Aeration (F/A)
• Settling (S)
• Decanting (D)
These phases in a sequence constitute a cycle, which is then repeated.
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A Typical Cycle During the period of a cycle, the liquid is filled in the C Tech basin up to a set operating
water level.Aeration Blowers are started for aeration of the effluent. After the aeration
cycle, the biomass settlesunder perfect settling conditions. Once settled the supernatant
is removed from the top using a DECANTER. Solids are wasted from the tanks during
the decanting phase.These phases in a sequence constitute a cycle, which is then
repeated.
Fig.5.1: Schematic Drawing of a C-Tech Basin
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CONTROL OF OIL POLLUTION
Oil pollution occurs in harbour basins when leaks from shore facilities for the supply of
diesel fuel to fishing vessels find their way into the harbour water; when vessels pump
out oily bilge water in port; when used engine oil is dumped overboard and when an
accident results in leakage of fuel oil. To mitigate oil pollution, the fishery harbour
incharge shall take necessary action to:
• Provide shore-based reception facilities for oily wastes (bilge water and spent oil)
from vessels
• Minimise leaks while bunkering.
• Assist those responsible for containment and clean-up operations if a major oil
spill occurs in the vicinity.
Oily wastes
Oily wastes discharged to reception facilities are usually mixtures of oil and water and in
some cases, solids. The composition ratio of these solids can differ considerably,
depending on the type of wastes given as below:
Bilge water consists mainly of water contaminated with oil, whereas Waste oil and fuel
residues consist mainly of oil contaminated with water.
The cross section of an artisanal oil separator for bilge water. typical oil-separation and
storage facility for fishing ports is shown in Figure-5.2. The bilge water separation facility
is shown in Figure-5.3.
Figure-5.2: Artisanal oil/water separator
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Figure 5.3: Separated bilge oil collection
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The oil collected by the separators may then be returned to a recycling plant by
authorised collectors. In Visakhapatnam, main port has a fixed installation of 100 m3
capacity to service cargo ships and an 8 m3 mobile tanker to collect oily bilge water from
some 100 fishing vessels ranging from 15 to 25 m in length. The mobile tanker is fitted
with a vacum pump and an oil-resistant hose to span four vessels moored abreast. In
Phuket, a much smaller mobile tanker (1 m3) was used for collecting oily bilge water.
Reception facilities for used engine oil inside harbours are intended as a temporary
storage only, whereas the reception facilities for bilge water need to separate the oil
from the considerably larger volume of water. The oil may then be transferred to the
used oil storage facilities for collection at a later date, and the treated water returned to
the sea. Waste or spent engine oil can be recycled 100% and it is now very common for
refineries to collect used oil from harbours, car repair shops and petrol stations. The
artisnal oil collection system is shown in Figure-5.4. A 5000 litre spent oil tank for a
small fishing port is shown in Figure-5.5.
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Figure 5.4: Artisanal spent oil collection system
Figure 5.5: A 5000 litre spent oil tank for a small fishing port
5.3.7 Control of Oil Spills
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When a oil spill occurs in the vicinity of the fishery harbour, the harbour incharge will
render assistance to the team responsible for combating the spill and for subsequent
clean-up operations. There are four main methods of combating an oil spill:
• mechanical recovery
• dispersant use
• in-situ burning
• allowing the oil to come ashore for clean-up later.
Mechanical containment and recovery of oil is the most desirable option. Booms are
used for containment, and skimmers are used to recover oil from the water surface.
Natural or induced agitation of water causes dispersion of oil into the water column.
Dispersants are mixtures of surfactants in one or more solvents, specifically formulated
to enhance the rate of this natural process and thereby reduce the amount of oil coming
ashore.
In-situ burning has the advantage that it rapidly removes large volumes. But it poses fire
hazards, and has limitations when the thickness of the oil slick is less than 2 mm.
Emulsions bum poorly, if at all.
The last option of letting the oil come ashore is chosen only when the shoreline can be
cleaned relatively easily or has low environmental, social or economic value.
Considering the size of the proposed fisheries harbour mechanical containment in the
form of booms is recommended. Booms prevent the spreading, and facilitate oil
recovery.
There are many kinds of booms. Their structure may differ, but basically they comprise
the following components:
• freeboard to prevent or reduce splashover;
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• subsurface skirt to prevent or reduce escape of oil under the boom;
• flotation by air or some buoyant material;
• longitudinal tension member (chain or wire) to withstand the effect of winds,
waves and currents.
The following waste water management measures may be followed during construction:
• Suitable drainage facilities including catch pits or sedimentation tanks shall
be provided for collection and treatment of wastewater prior to discharge.
• No water stagnation shall be allowed at the construction site.
• All wastewater discharges from the construction site shall comply with the
requirements of CRZ clearance and all other applicable environmental
regulations.
5.3.8 Solid Waste Management
The solid wastes so generated will contain Solid waste comprising all bulky rubbish, old
pieces of rope and netting, broken fish boxes etc. The total solid waste to be generated
would be of the order of 3 t/day. The solid waste disposal system proposed are as
follows:
Collection
Solid waste comprises of bulky rubbish, old pieces of rope and netting, broken fish
boxes etc. A typical collection point made of locally available stone and concrete (the
size of the waste centre depends on local requirements) shall be constructed.
Recycling
Metal items shall be collected and sold to scrap dealers. Tyres can be turned into
fenders, timber fish boxes can be sold as fuel wood. Styrofoam boxes should be
avoided because they break up easily and cannot be recycled safely ,as they give off
dangerous fumes when burnt.
Offal Collection
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Fish should be cleaned and gutted on the journey back to the landing centre. Offal
should never be dumped inside the fishing harbour basin or discarded in corners within
the fishing harbour area or village because, besides giving off offensive smells, it also
poses a health hazard by attracting pests. Plastic 100-litre drums with airtight lids should
be bought and used to collect offal from fish markets or moored boats.
Process Description: Step 1: MSW along the Fish waste (offal) collected from the Fishing harbour shall
be transferred to a Platform
Step 2: Waste from platform is transferred into the bio-mechanical composting
machine where the waste is shredded and mixed with Saw dust or paper
which acts as absorbent. Bacterial inoculum is also fed into the
composting machine. In a process time of 15 minutes, the waste will be
uniformly shredded and odour mixed with bacteria which can perform a
speedy digest of the organics. Raw compost is drawn as output from the
bio-mechanical composting machine. Batch size of the machine will be
125 Kg minimum. In 12 cycles the entire waste can be digested to form
raw compost.
Step 3: The raw compost is cured for 2 weeks to get a good quality compost
material.
Step 4: The final compost is ready to use for gardening.
Components of the Solid waste treatment system:
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1. One no. of composting machine
2. One shredder
3. Suitable curing system
4. Bagging arrangement.
The cost of the solid waste management system comes to Rs. 18 lakhs
(Inclusive of civil, electrical, mechanical components
A provision of Rs.3.7 million has been earmarked for the solid waste disposal. The
details are given in Table-5.3.
TABLE-5.3 Cost estimates for solid waste management
S. No.
Item Cost (Rs. million)
1. One covered tempo for conveyance of solid waste to the landfill
1.0
2. Manpower cost for 4 persons @ Rs.5000/month for 2 years including 10% escalation/year
0.4
3. Preparation of landfill site including surveying, levelling, excavation, lining, etc.
0.4
4. Cost for solid waste management system 1.8
Total 3.7
5.3.9 Air Environment
Control of Emissions
Minor air quality impacts will be caused by emissions from construction vehicles,
equipment and DG sets, and emissions from transportation traffic. Frequent truck trips
will be required during the construction period for removal of excavated material and
delivery of select concrete and other equipment and materials.
The following measures are recommended to control air pollution:
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• Contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction
equipment to minimize exhaust.
• Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for
extended periods of time.
• Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.
• Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and
around the project area.
• Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with
proper road repair and maintenance work. An amount of Rs. 2.0 million has been
earmarked for this purpose.
Air Pollution control due to DG sets
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued emission limits for generators
upto 800 kW. The same are outlined in Table-5.4 which shall be followed.
TABLE-5.4 Emission limits for DG sets prescribed by CPCB
Parameter Emission limits (gm/kwhr)
NOx 9.2
HC 1.3
CO 2.5
PM 0.3
Smoke limit* 0.7
Note : * Light absorption coefficient at full load (m-1)
Control of Pollution due to increased vehicles
The major source of air pollution in the proposed project is the increased vehicular
movement in the project construction and operation phases. The movement of other
vehicles is likely to increase, as the commissioning of the project would lead to
significant development in the area. Thus, as a control measure, vehicles emitting
pollutants above the standards should not be allowed to ply either in the project
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construction or in the operation phases. Vehicles and construction equipment should be
fitted with internal devices i.e. catalytic converters to reduce CO and HC emissions.
All the roads in the vicinity of the project site and the roads connecting the construction
site should be paved or black topped to minimize the entrainment of fugitive emissions.
If any of the roads stretches cannot be black topped or paved due to some reason or
the other, then adequate arrangements must be made to spray water on such stretches
of the road.
5.3.10 Control of Noise
The contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply
with occupational safety and health standards. The construction equipment will be
required to use available noise suppression devices and properly maintained mufflers.
• vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer.
• staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment
within noise sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.
• use of temporary sound fences or barriers to be evaluated.
• notification will be given to residents within 300 feet (about 90 to 100 m) of
major noise generating activities. The notification will describe the noise
abatement measures that will be implemented.
• monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase
of the project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise
levels by the machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and
remedy the situation prior to continuing construction.
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The following Noise Standards for DG sets are recommended for the running of DG
sets during the construction:
• The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator sets
with rated capacity upto 1000 KVA shall be 75 dB(A) at s distance of 1 m from
the enclosure surface.
• Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or
by treating the enclosure acoustically.
• The Acoustic Enclosure should be made of CRCA sheets of appropriate
thickness and structural/ sheet metal base. The walls of the enclosure should be
insulated with fire retardant foam so as to comply with the 75 dB(A) at 1m sound
levels specified by CPCB, Ministry of Environment & Forests.
• The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for
minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,
whichever is on the higher side.
• The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler to attenuate
noise level by atleast 25 dB(A).
• Efforts will be made to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside its
premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting and control
measures.
A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set
and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent
noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
It is known that continuous exposure to noise levels above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing
of the workers/operators and hence has to be avoided. Other physiological and
psychological effects have also been reported in literature, but the effect on hearing
acuity has been specially stressed. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended
by international specialist organizations that the exposure period of affected persons
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be limited as specified by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in
Table-5.5.
TABLE-5.5 Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Maximum equivalent continuous Unprotected exposure noise level dB(A) period per day for 8
hrs/day and 5 days/week ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 8 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 1/2 115 1/4 120 No exposure permitted at or above this level
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.4 EMP MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE
5.4.1 Marine Water Quality
• Regular monitoring of surface marine water quality shall be carried out for
the parameters viz. temperature, pH, DO, BOD/COD, salinity, turbidity, TSS,
Benthic Macro-fauna etc, and the impacts on project operations shall be assessed on
water environment.
5.4.3 Control of Noise
The operation phase is likely to increase the vehicular traffic in the area, which can lead
to increase in the ambient noise levels mainly along the road alignment. It is proposed to
develop a greenbelt along the road stretches near to the habitation sites. Three rows of
trees will be planted. The details of the same are given in Section 5.4.4..
5.4.4 Greenbelt Development
It is proposed to develop greenbelt around various project appurtenances, which will go
a long way to achieve environmental protection and mitigation of pollution levels in the
area.
Depending upon the topo-climatological conditions and regional ecological status,
selection of the appropriate plant species has been made.
Various criteria adopted for selecting the species for greenbelt development are:
- plant should be fast growing; - preferably perennial and evergreen; - indigenous; - resistant to SPM pollution, and - should maintain the ecological and hydrological balance of the region.
The general consideration involved while developing the greenbelt are:
- Trees growing upto 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage should be planted around the perimeter of the proposed project area.
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- Trees should also be planted along the road side in such a way that there is dust control.
- Generally fast growing trees should be planted. - Since, the tree trunk area is normally devoid of foliage upto a height of 3 m, it
may be useful to have shrubbery in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.
Taking into consideration the above parameters, the greenbelt development plan has
been evolved for the proposed alternatives to reduce the pollution levels to the
maximum possible extent. The plantation will be at a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m. The width
of the greenbelt will be 30 m. About 1,600 trees per hectare will be planted. The
maintenance of the plantation area will also be done by the project proponents. The
cost of plantation per hectare is estimated at Rs.50,000. About 2 ha of land is proposed
to be afforested as a part of Greenbelt Development Plan. The total cost of afforestation
works out to Rs.0.12 million.
The species recommended for greenbelt development are listed in Table-5.6.
TABLE-5.6 Recommended species for greenbelt development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Name Botanical Name --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neem Azadirachta indica Mango Mangifera indica Salvadora Salvadora persica Bangan Ficus bengalensis Cassia Cassia siamea Terminalia Terminalia catappa Karaunda Corissa carandas --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.4.5 Summary of Environmental Monitoring During Operation Phase The summary of Environmental Monitoring during operation phase is given in
Table – 5.7.
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TABLE – 5.7 Details of Environmental Monitoring Cost during Operation Phase
Growth of various species, need for any additional inputs in the form of agro-chemicals, irrigation, protection etc.
Once in three months
Greenbelt sites
The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme during
operation phase shall be Rs. 0.75 million/year. The details are given in
Table – 5.8.
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5.4. COST ESTIMATE
The cost estimates for implementing EMP shall be Rs.27.0 million. The details are given
in Table-5.8.
TABLE-5.8 Summary of cost estimate for implementing Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
S. No.
Parameter Cost (Rs. million)
1. Solid Waste Management 3.70
2. Waste Water Treatment 20.00
2. Sanitary facilities at labour camps 0.80
3. Treatment of effluent from workshops 0.50
4. Greenbelt development 0.12
5. Purchase of noise meter 0.05
6. Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction phase
1.60
Total 26.67 say Rs. 27.0 million
The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programe during
construction phase is Rs.1.60 million. The cost required for implementation of
Environmental Monitoring Programe during operation phase is Rs.0.75 million/year
5.5 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The summary of Environmental Management Plan is given in Table – 5.9
TABLE - 5.9
Summary of Environmental Management Plan
S. No.
Issues / Impacts
Mitigation Measures Responsibility
Pre-construction Stage
1 Clearances and Approvals
(i) Secure regulatory clearances such as CRZ Clearance of CRZ rules , GoI
Fisheries Department
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S. No.
Issues / Impacts
Mitigation Measures Responsibility
(ii) Obtain planning permissions from relevant local planning authority and the local administration (iii) Ensure transfer of land from revenue authorities for approach road and dumping site of the project
2 Site clearance Site clearance shall be carried out to in such a way that the clearance and grubbing waste is disposed immediately in the designated dumping site identified for the project. In no case the waste material shall not be disposed in the sea or river or any other sensitive environment components.
Contractor
During Construction Stage
1 Infrastructure provisions at construction camps
The Contractor during the progress of work will provide, erect and maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour as per the requirements of applicable labour regulations of Government of India. All the work sites and camp sites shall also be provided with basic sanitation and infrastructure as per the requirements of Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.
Contractor
2 Transportation of construction materials
The contractor should bring construction material only from approved quarries. Heavy vehicles shall be covered with Tarpaulin sheets to minimize fugitive dust during transportation
Contractor
3 Ambient Air quality
All the vehicles must have valid PUC certificates at all the time during construction phase of the project, Water sprinkling shall be done to suppress the dust emissions from the site. All the DG sets used for construction shall have valid consents from TNPCB and shall have built-in stacks to reduce the air emission impacts.
Contractor
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S. No.
Issues / Impacts
Mitigation Measures Responsibility
4 Noise The construction materials shall be properly maintained and barricades shall be provided around the site for reducing the noise levels. All the workers will be provided with personal protective equipment including ear plugs and other necessary provisions by the contractor.
Contractor
5 Water The quality of water (marine, river and wastewater discharged from the camps) shall be analysed once in three months during construction, for its compliance to the disposal standards of pollution control authority.
Contractor
6 Emergency Management
First aid kits and emergency treatment facilities shall be provided by the contractor at the work sites, camp sites and all other ancillary facilities.
Contractor
7 Greenbelt development
Green belt with adequate number of trees shall be developed and shall be maintained to ensure at 80% survival rate.
Contractor and Fisheries Department
8 Marine Environment
• To assess the impacts on marine environment marine water and benthal samples shall be analysed on a quarterly basis during construction phase and necessary mitigation measures shall be implemented, as directed by the engineer in charge
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in sea water to be monitored at various locations in and around the construction work areas in order to assess the sediment transport and the resultant impacts
Contractor
Operation Stage
1 Monitoring Operational Performance
The PIU and Fishing harbour management shall monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation measures implemented in the project. This shall include overall hygiene practices of the
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
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S. No.
Issues / Impacts
Mitigation Measures Responsibility
Fishing harbour, performance of wastewater treatment plant, impacts due to material dump site, survival rate of trees, quality of river water, marine water and sediment quality
2 Water & Waste water
Surface water, ground water, marine water and treated / untreated wastewater quality shall be analysed by on a quarterly basis
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
3. Air Environment Ambient air quality and DG stack monitoring shall be done once in a quarter. Water sprinkling for dust suppression and Greenbelt development shall be carried out in the premises. Proper maintenance of boats shall be ensured to reduce the emissions.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
4. Noise DG sets with acoustic enclosures shall be deployed.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
5. Solid Waste Solid waste from the site should be source segregated and collected into biodegradable & non-biodegradable waste. The biodegradable waste will be treated in organic waste converter (OWC) and used as manure, whereas the non biodegradable waste shall be sent to authorised recyclers.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
6 Emergency Management
First aid kits and emergency treatment facilities shall be maintained by the Fishing harbour operating agency. Adequate fire extinguishers shall be provided in the premises with clear fire exit signals and sign boards are displayed for evacuation.
Fisheries Department and Fishing harbour management,
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CHAPTER-6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 THE NEED
Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any developmental project.
It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any development
project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people,
various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new
environment is created. It is very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact
post-project environmental scenario. Hence, monitoring of critical parameters is
essential in the post-project phase.
Monitoring of environmental indicators signal potential problems and facilitate timely
prompt implementation of effective remedial measures. It will also allow for validation
ofthe assumptions and assessments made in the present study.
Monitoring becomes essential to ensure that the mitigation measures planned for
environmental protection function effectively during the entire period of project
operation. The data so generated also serves as a data bank for prediction of post-
project scenarios in similar projects.
6.2 AREAS OF CONCERN
From the monitoring point of view, the important parameters are resettlement and
rehabilitation of project-affected persons, marine water quality, ambient air quality,
noise, etc. An attempt is made to establish early warning system which indicate the
stress on the environment. Suggested monitoring parameters and programmes are
described in the subsequent sections.
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6.3 MARINE WATER & SEDIMENT QUALITY
Construction phase
The chemical characteristics of marine water quality should be monitored once in
three months and biological parameters once a year during project construction
phase, close to the major construction sites. Both surface and bottom waters should
be sampled and analysed. The parameters to be monitored are as follows:
- Light penetration - Chlorophyll - Primary Productivity - Phytoplanktons (No. of species and their density) - Zooplanktons (No. of species and their density)
- Light penetration - Chlorophyll - Primary Productivity - Phytoplanktons (No. of species and their density) - Zooplanktons (No. of species and their density)
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Annual* 01 01 -Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis
11 Arsenic (As), ng/m3
Annual* 06 06 -AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
12 Nickel (Ni), ng/m3
Annual* 20 20 -AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurement in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at a uniform intervals. ** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceeded the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.
ANNEXURE-II
Ambient Noise Standards ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Area Category Limits in dB(A)Leq Code of Area --------------------------------------------- Day time Night time ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A. Industrial Area 75 70 B. Commercial Area 65 55 C. Residential Area 55 45 D. Silence Zone 50 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note : 1. Day time 6 A.M. and 9 P.M.
2. Night time is 9 P.M. and 6 A.M. 3. Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 meters around such
premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by competent authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
4. Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2000 Gazette notification, Government of India, date 14.2.2000.