PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT (PCR) - African Development Bank

ZAMBIA

NKANA WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT

(PCR)

RDGS

February 2018

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND

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I BASIC DATA

A Report data

Report date Date of report: 30/11/2015

Mission date (if field mission) From: 19/10/2015 To: 23/10/2015

B Responsible Bank staff

Positions At approval At completion

Regional Director - Kennedy Mbekeani (OIC)

Country Manager N/A Damoni Kitabire

Sector Director Andrianarison Rakotobe Mohamed El Azizi

Sector Manager Sering Jallow Osward Chanda

Task Manager Mecuria Assefaw Herbert Chinokoro

Alternate Task Manager

PCR Team Leader Alex Gomani

PCR Team Members

Herbert Chinokoro

Monia Moumni (peer reviewer)

Aicha Mohamed Moussa (peer reviewer)

Kelvin Banda (peer reviewer)

C Project data

Project name: Nkana Water Supply and Sanitation Project

Project code: P-ZM-E00-008 Instrument number(s): 2100150018345

Project type: Public Operation Sector: Water and Sanitation

Country: Zambia Environmental categorization (1-3): 2

Processing milestones – Bank approved

financing only

Key Events (Bank approved financing

only)

Disbursement and closing dates (Bank

approved financing only)

Financing source/ instrument1: ADF

Loan, 2100150018345

Financing source/ instrument1: Financing source/ instrument1:

Date approved: 27/11/2008 Cancelled amounts: Original disbursement deadline:

31/12/2013

Date signed: 22/12/2008 Supplementary financing: N/A Original closing date: 31/12/2013

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT FOR PUBLIC SECTOR OPERATIONS (PCR)

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

BANK GROUP

2

Date of entry into force: 29/01/2009 Restructuring (specify date & amount

involved): N/A

Revised (if applicable) disbursement

deadline: 31/03/2015

Date effective for 1st disbursement:

25/06/2009

Extensions (specify dates): 31/12/2013 to

30/09/2014

30/09/2014 to 31/03/2015

Revised (if applicable) closing date:

31/03/2015

Date of actual 1st disbursement: 01/09/2009

Financing source/ instrument2: Financing source/ instrument2: Financing source/ instrument2:

Date approved: Cancelled amounts: Original disbursement deadline:

Date signed: Supplementary financing: N/A Original closing date: N/A

Date of entry into force: Restructuring (specify date & amount

involved): N/A


deadline: N/A

Date effective for 1st disbursement: Extensions (specify dates): N/A Revised (if applicable) closing date: N/A

Date of actual 1st disbursement:

Financing source/ instrument3: Financing source/ instrument3: Financing source/ instrument3:

Date approved: Cancelled amounts: Original disbursement deadline:

Date signed: Supplementary financing: N/A Original closing date:

Date of entry into force: Restructuring (specify date & amount

involved): N/A


deadline: N/A

Date effective for 1st disbursement: Extensions (specify dates): N/A Revised (if applicable) closing date: N/A

Date of actual 1st disbursement:

Financing source/instrument (add/delete

rows depending on the number of financing

sources):

Disbursed

amount

(amount,

UA):

Percentage disbursed

(%):

Undisburse

d amount

(UA):

Percentage undisbursed

(%):

Financing source/ instrument1: ADF Loan 34,998,407.20 99.99% 1,592.73 0.01%

Government: 3,820,000 89.10% 416,308.20 10.89%

Other (eg. co-financiers).

TOTAL 38,818,407.20 98.92% 417,900.93 1.08%

Co-financiers and other external partners:

Executing and implementing agency (ies): Nkana Water and Sewerage Company

3

D Management review and comments

Report reviewed by Name Date

reviewed

Comments

Country Manager Damoni Kitabire 6/01/2016 Cleared

Sector Manager Osward M. Chanda 8/01/2016 The PCR has been reviewed and it is

very informative

Regional Director (as chair of Country Team) Kennedy Mbekeani, OIC 10/02/2016 Cleared

Sector Director Mohamed El Azizi 12/02/2016 Cleared for posting

II Project performance assessment

A Relevance

1. Relevance of project development objective

Rating* Narrative assessment

4 The project development objective was clear, realistic, important and responded to a key development priority for the

Government of Zambia (GRZ) of improving the provision of adequate, safe, and cost effective water supply and sanitation

services to both urban and rural population, with due regard to environmental protection sustainable water supply and

sanitation to Zambia’s population. The components and institutional arrangements provided a coherent means to achieve

the PDO. The program objectives and purpose which were to provide continuous and satisfactory delivery of potable water

to all customers within the defined consumer areas of Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi, and provide improved sanitation

for all residents in these urban and peri-urban areas, remained fully aligned and highly relevant with the Bank’s Country

Strategy Paper (CSP) and the GRZ developmental strategy, the long-term plan National Vision 2030 and will contribute to

achieving Millennium Development Goal 7, Target 7.C, which calls for halving the proportion of people without access to

safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. The project was crucial and timely to promote improved health and

standard of living of the beneficiaries, as well as economic development of the project areas.

2. Relevance of project design


3 The project design was based on priorities identified through a pre-feasibility study carried out by the Borrower

encompassing technical, economic and financial analyses. The project design remained consistent throughout the

implementation period and adopted robust monitoring, supervision, inspection and technical assistance mechanisms. The

project design also included conditions on reporting on the key financial indicators of the company to ensure sustainability

of the project outputs and outcomes. The project learnt heavily from phase one of the Banks support under the Kitwe Water

Supply and Sewerage Rehabilitation Project including maintaining simplicity in operations, uniformity in equipment

selection and proper training of staff in operations to ensure sustainability have been taken into account.

3. Lessons learned related to relevance

Key issues

Lessons learned Target

audience

Involve beneficiaries

in program

identification and

design for onsite

sanitation facilities

There is need for effective community mobilisation and sensitization on the project design if

the intended buy-in and outcomes are to be achieved. Provision of Household sanitation

facilities which required contributions from households was a success due to initial engagement

with stakeholders and assessment of beneficiary needs during project preparation and

implementation.

Bank, RMCs

Good Pre-Feasibility/

Feasibility study

reports are critical to

good project design

Pre-feasibility/ feasibility study reports are important elements of overall project design as they

provide the basis for more accurate project cost estimates and implementation timelines to

quickly operationalise the project and avoid costly cost overruns during implementation. There

were no cost overruns on this project because of good pre-feasibility reports

Bank, RMCs

4

Incorporation of

performance

monitoring of water

and sewerage utilities

is important for

ensuring

sustainability after

project completion

Sustainability agreements should be regular tools and instruments in any Bank financed project

for provision of water supply and sanitation services especially in urban areas to ensure the

entities charged with the responsibility of service delivery move towards technical,

environmental, financial and commercial sustainability and should include operational

performance, customer services, financial and corporate governance.

Bank, RMCs

B Effectiveness

1. Progress towards the project’s development objective (project purpose)

Comments

Provide a brief description of the Project (components) and the context in which it was designed and implemented. State the project

development objective (usually the project purpose as set out in the RLF) and assess progress. Unanticipated outcomes should also be

accounted for, as well as specific reference of gender equality in the project. The consistency of the assumptions that link the different

levels of the results chain in the RLFshould also be considered.

The project purpose was to improve the provision of adequate, safe, and cost effective water supply and sanitation services to both urban

population, with due regard to environmental protection. The project consisted of five components, namely (A) Water supply works

improvement ; (B) Sewerage improvement works; (C) Sanitation and hygiene promotion and education; (D) Institutional support to

NWSC and (E) Project management.

(A) Water supply works improvement - This component was designed to increase the quantity of water produced and distributed in

Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi townships. Water production increased from 56.6 million m3 per year to average water production

of 69.1 million m3 /year. In the distribution system, storage was improved by addition of 3,500 m3 of new storage

(B) Sewerage improvement works – This component resulted in rehabilitation of the Nkana East Sewage Treatment Works to bring it

to its original operation design, rehabilitation of four (4) sewage oxidation ponds and collapsed sewer networks by removing

blockages and damaged manholes, and improving sanitation in the Wusakile, Kamitondo and Buchi areas. More than 100 kilometres

of sewer network was rehabilitated and 1,940 water borne toilets were constructed.

(C) Sanitation and hygiene promotion and education - The component achieved the construction of 1,654 improved on-site sanitation

facilities in the unplanned settlements of Twaiteka, Kamatipa and Ipusukilo. The households were encouraged to put up own

sanitation facilities depending on their preference in the project area as part of this component. 35 public sanitation facilities have

been built with 16 in schools, 13 in health centres including incinerators and 6 in public places such as markets and bus stops. The

provision of the facilities has enable 14,000 people to access improved sanitation in the three urban areas. The Training of Trainer

(TOT) programme for WASHE in total reached 9,621 community members, staff and 480 school teachers, Parents and Teachers

Association Members and School Administrators using a pool of Trainers and outreach facilitators (7,130 females)

(D) Institutional Support – The component enable the NWSC receive various support from the project to enable it continue to improve

its operations. The Management Information System of the Company was upgraded in order to achieve full integration of its

technical and financial activities making billing more efficient. A tariff and an affordability study was undertaken in order to match

the charges to the actual cost of delivery water supply and sanitation to the people of the three urban areas and was effected in 2013.

Among other things, the affordability study provided information to assist with setting the lifeline tariff, to cater for the very urban

poor. Institutional support was provided in terms of donation of equipment, tools protective clothing and other logistics for

enforcement of the Public Health Act and implementation of the Training of Trainer programme. Staff were also trained in various

WASH related areas and exposed to similar ongoing projects in WASH.

On whole, the project is benefiting 704,143 people living within the three urban centres of Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi with

improved access to reliable water supply and sanitation services. This represents a water coverage ratio of 95% of the population in the

service area, more than the target of 90% which was originally intended to be covered. Of the beneficiary population, approximately

65% of these are the urban poor mostly living in the peri-urban areas, which were generally poorly serviced. 47% beneficiaries for the

1,654 household sanitation facilities the unplanned settlements of Twaiteka, Kamatipa and Ipusukilo are female headed and 10% of the

facilities have been provided for vulnerable households.

5

2. Outcome reporting

Outcome

indicators (as per

RLF; )

Baseline

value

(Year)

Most

recent

value

(A)

End target (B)

(expected value

at project completion)

Progress

towards

target (% realized)

(A/B)

Narrative assessment

Core Sector

Indicator (Yes/No)

Outcome 1:

Percentage of

residents

benefiting from

adequate water

supply

services

71%

(2008)

95%

90% 105% The project is benefitting 704,143 people with

improved access to reliable water supply and

sanitation services. This represents a water

coverage ratio of 95% of the population in the

service area, more than the target of 90% which

was originally intended to be covered. The level

of service and the reliability of the system has

greatly improved with average hours of supply

at 16 hours.

Yes

Outcome 2:

Percentage of

residents

benefiting from

improved

sanitation

facilities

66%

(2008)

70% 80% 84% The project is benefitting 519,302 people with

improved sanitation in the project area. Of these,

9,924 beneficiaries where from unplanned

settlements of Kamatipa, Twaiteka and

Ipusukilo who were provided with 1,654

improved onsite sanitation facilities. In addition,

the project provided 31 public sanitation

facilities in various institutions, health centres

and bus stops benefitting 14,000 people. The

target could not be reached as the population

growth outstripped the number of sewer

connections which are being made.

Yes

Outcome 3:

Incidence of

diarrhoea and

dysentery

239/1000

(2008)

137/1000 180/1000 131% There has been a substantial reduction in major

water-related diseases in all project towns. The

project has enhanced public health awareness

and the reduction of the incidence of diarrhoea

is a reflection of the contribution of the project

to improvement of the environmental health of

the project areas. Water coverage ratios have

increased and moreover, wastewater treatment

capacities have increased, reducing the

discharge of untreated effluent into the

environment. No major outbreak in project area

since 2012. The incidence of diseases has

reduced by 43% from 239 cases per 1,000

people in the year 2008 to 137 cases per 1,000 in

2015.

Yes

Outcome 4:

Increased

metered

connections

33%

(2008)

85% >80% 100% Metering is a key element of running a

successful utility business. It is the cash register

of the company. The project managed to

increase metering coverage from 33% to 85%.

NWSC will ensure fully metering from its own

internally generated funds by the end of 2016.

Yes

6

Outcome 5:

Unaccounted for

water (UFW)

42%

(2008)

44% 25% 176% With the increase in water produced and

distributed, and increased domestic metering,

this resulted in having more accurate

measurements of what quantities were produced

and billed. A more comprehensive water

demand strategy encompassing a robust non-

revenue water action plan should have been part

of the project to adequately address the

requirements for improving on water losses.

NWSC has begun work on these two tools and

has now an operations and maintenance plan for

the existing and new infrastructure.

Yes

Outcome 6:

Increase

Collection ratio

80%

(2008)

81% >95% 85% Despite increased water produced and billed, the

collection ratio has not improved as expected. In

areas like Chimwemwe, Buchi, Kamitondo and

Chamboli were water supply has improved, the

collection ratio is on average only 54%. These

areas were not receiving adequate water supply

before the project and it is expected that there

will be a gradual increase in the collection ratio

as consumers get used to billed water supply.

NWSC should embark on a sensitization and

debt collection exercise to collect outstanding

debt

Yes

Outcome 7:

Average daily

hours of supply

18 (2008) 16 24 67% Water supply has improved with areas such as

Nkana East receiving 24 hours supply and

Chamboli and Wusakile moving from 3 hours

per day to 11 hours per day of water supply.

Despite these improvements, average water

supply has declined slightly from the baseline

due to population growth which has outstripped

the gains. It is expected that with further

improvements in Optimising the water supply

districts within the distribution system, there

will be a gradual increase in supply hours. The

reduction in hours of supply by two hours from

the baseline has an adverse impact on cost

recovery as this results in reduced cash flows

and has impact on sustainbility.

Yes

Outcome 8:

Quality of both

water supply

and treated waste

water

Not

meeting

national

standard

(2008)

Water

quality

complianc

e of 95%

attained

To meet

national

standard

Feacal

coliform

standards

not met in

sewage

effluent

The rehabilitation of the Water treatment plants

has greatly improved quality of treated water.

For sewage treatment, all the parameters are

being met except bacteriological results which

would require chemical dosing in the long run to

meet the national standards.

Yes

7

Outcome 9:

Functional

Resident

Development

Committees

(RDCs) and

increased women

participation

from 30% to

50%.

30

(2008)

79 50 158% Since Government banned RDCs, community

level activities spearheaded by the

Neighborhood Health Committees (NHCs)

under the respective clinics. A community level

steering Committee comprising the NHCs, Civic

leaders, community leaders from Churches,

Political parties, Community Based

Organization was also established to engender

participation and reduce conflict at community

level.

Rating* (see IPR

methodology) Narrative assessment

3 The project outcome indicator targets have been largely attained resulting in a positive impact, which will enhance

the livelihood and wellbeing of the population especially that of peri urban residents. The benefits cited by various

beneficiaries included lower incidence of diseases corroborated by health statistics collected, reduced clinic visits,

improved economic opportunities for artisans and community based enterprises (san-plat makers and brick layers,

mostly trained by the project but also with preexisting skills) who have continued to be contractors for residents

replicating on their won the sanitation facilities which the project demonstrated and built in the peri urban areas.

All these benefits will allow peri urban populations to increase productive and income generating activities which

will ultimately lead to more inclusive growth outcomes.

One of the key objectives of the project was to market the value addition side of sanitation promotion as part of

promoting positive attitudes in the communities. In addition to health benefits of WASH, the livelihood

opportunities were also promoted by providing various skills training in construction skills e.g. building of

sanitation options, casting of sanitation platforms. 236 community artisans were trained out of which women were

77 men and 159 women were trained in Business management and WASH. Communities were encouraged to form

Community Based Organizations such as Women’s Clubs and contracted to provide the services to the project at a

fee. In total 18 Community Enterprises were established out of which 9 have females in leadership.

3. Output reporting

Output

indicators (as

specified in the RLF;)

Most recent

value

(A)

End target (B)

(expected value at project completion)

Progress towards

target (% realized) (A/B)


Core Sector

Indicator (Yes/No)

Output 1: Audit

report submission

2014//2015

Audit report

submitted

submission of

all Audit reports

due

100% All the Auidt reports from commencement of

deisbursement of funds in 2009 to the

2014/2015 were submitted and reviewed and

were unqualified and accetablke to the Bank

No

Output 2: Quantity

of water produced

and distributed in

Kitwe, Kalulushi

& Chambishi (m3)

68,073,069 70,202,500

97% The indicator is on track but current

production being affected by load shedding

being experienced at the major water

treatment plants at Kafue, Bulangililo and 7

Shaft.

Yes

Output 3: Quantity

of waste water

treated

(estimate)(m3)

22,427,000 26,676,950

96.7%

Treatment of waste water at the Nkana East

Mechanised Plant is currently being affected

by load shedding. Indicator on track once load

shedding eases.

Yes

Output 4: Number

of operable public

water points

165 163

101%

The water points provided have increased

access to safe water and greatly reduced time

required to fetch water in unplanned

settlements and improved the general living

conditions of the residents

Yes

8

Output 5: %

public water

points operated by

women

50 79

158%

Deliberate mechanisms were put in place to

ensure women take up leadership roles and

also empowered in skills on livelihood

improvement, such as business skills and self-

actualization. The women are able to earn and

income from manning the water points and

thus contribute to the overall family income.

No

Output 6: Number

of improved onsite

sanitation facilities

reaching

vulnerable groups

1,654 1,503

110%

The target was exceeded and there was

overwhelming demand for the facilities.

Construction of the sanitation facilities has

also lead to improved awareness and dignity

in the community. The women and elderly

have been provided the privacy they need.

Awareness levels have also been enhanced as

more people informed on the sanitation

options they could choose from. Demand

responsiveness is also high with more

households constructing or improving their

toilets using the established pool of skilled

artisans.

Yes

Output 7: %

Female headed

households

benefiting from

onsite sanitation

30 43.3

144%

50 female HH are benefiting from the onsite

sanitation facilities.

Yes

Output 8: Number

of new water

supply facilities

provided and

rehabilitated in

schools and health

centres

21 21

100%

Various schools in the project area were

provided with new water supply facilities and

some dysfunctional ones were also

rehabilitated. This is benefiting 6,667pupils.

Yes

Output 9: Number

of new sanitation

facilities provided

and rehabilitated

in schoolsand

health centres

35 35

100%

This provision of improved and adequate

sanitation in recipient schools has led to the

improvement of school attendance by the girl

child. School WASH campaign were children

were identified as a key agent for behaviour

change. Thus to promote more sustainable

behaviour change, WASH was to be

integrated into the school system through a

Localized curriculum. The curriculum has

since been approved by the Ministry of

Education and learning materials were

developed. In addition to this, school talks are

ongoing while awaiting the implementation of

the curriculum. School Lead Total Sanitation

was also administered in selected schools as

part of triggering demand for improved

sanitation. This is benefiting 3286 girls and

3381 boys in schools.

Yes

9

Output 10:

Provision of solid

waste

management

equipment

4 4

100%

Equipment procured, distributed and in use No

Output 11:

Rehabilitation of

offices and

provision of

equipment

1

1 office,

1 set office

equipment

100%

New Head office construction works complete

and office occupied and in use

No

Output 12:

Provision of

specialized utility

vehicles

8 8

100%

Procured and in use

No

Output 13:

Provision of

logistic and utility

vehicles

7 7

100

Procured and in use

No

Output 14: No.

teachers and

health

Inspectors/CDOs

trained in

sanitation and

Hygiene

promotion and

HIV/AIDs as per

PAR

800 teachers

40 Health

Inspectors

625 teachers

43 health

inspectors/CDO

s

84%

Teachers TOT activity completion awaits

implementation and approval of Localized

Curriculum materials and will continue under

NWSC. Indicator on track.

No

Output 15: 50%

RDC women

trained S & H and

management

50% 56%

112%

Training on gender mainstreaming was also

provided to the community leaders and the

general community to enhance appreciation of

the benefits of inclusiveness.

No.

Output 16: 7,000

community

members trained

in S&H HIV/Aids

7,000

(>3500

women)

9,621 (7,130)

137%

The Training of Trainer (TOT) programme for

WASHE in total reached 9,621 community

members, staff and 480 school teachers,

Parents and Teachers Association Members

and School Administrators using a pool of

Trainers and outreach facilitators (7,130

females).

No

Output 17: Reduce

girls absence from

schools by 60%

per month

Activity not

commenced

As the sanitation facilities were only

commissioned in June 2015, the impact has

not been immediately felt and the executing

agency will continue to monitor the indicator

for future evaluations

No

10

Output 18:

Clearing of

Dambo’s

22 22

100

As part of promoting a cleaner environment

and malaria control, support for clearing of

Dambo’s was undertaken in Kitwe, Kalulushi

and Chambishi. Although the initial target was

to clear 100 Dambo’s, the number of Dambo’s

identified in the project area were only 22.

These were worked on included the

unblocking and clearing, thus contributing to

the malaria control efforts in the two districts.

No

Rating* (see IPR

methodology) Narrative assessment

3 The physical implementation of project components (rehabilitation, expansion of water and sewer networks, water

treatment plants, sewerage treatment plants) complied with the technical specifications of the contracts. Materials

and equipment supplied and installed complied with the requisite international quality standards. Design and

installation works were conducted pursuant to the best practices.

4. Development Objective (DO) rating

DO rating (derived

from updated IPR)* Narrative assessment

3 Most of the outputs and outcomes were achieved at 100% and others even surpassed. The development objective

is assessed as satisfactory and is likely to be achieved. Based on the reported results indicators at project closure,

the project substantially achieved its objectives. The quality of outputs from the project was excellent, the quantity

of water being supplied has increased, areas which previous had no or very low water supply hours are now able

to receive an average of 16 hours of supply with most parts receiving over 20 hours of supply. The project has

improved peoples livelihood and uality oif life by empowering women, men and youths who are now involved in

the household sanitation construction works and managing water kiosks providing employment and income

genrtaing activites. This has raised household incomes contributing to inclusive growth in the projct area with

community artisan contracts will contributing a total of K930, 800 (US$175,800) to communities thus improving

the general livelihoods, especially for female headed households.

5. Beneficiaries (add rows as needed)

Actual (A) Planned (B) Progress towards target (% realized) (A/B)

% of

women

Category (eg. farmers, students)

704,143 people 667,082 105% 50.2% Population with improved access to water supply in Kitwe,

Kalulushi and Chambishi towns

457,693 people 433,603 105% 50.2% Peri urban population accessing improved water supply

and sanitation at public places, schools and health centres

519,302 people 593,488 84% 50.2% Population with improved access to sanitation in Kitwe,

Kalulushi and Chambishi towns

14,000 people 14,000 100% 51% Population accessing improved water supply and

sanitation at public places such as markets and bus stops,

schools, and health centres

9,924 people 9,018 110% 51% 47% of the households are female headed benefitting from

1,654 sanitation facilities in Twaiteka, Ipusukilo and

Kamatipa.

9,621 people 7,000 137% 68.3% Community members sensitized in WASH, HIV and

malaria

11

625 Teachers and

4 Health

inspectors

800 teachers

and 40 health

inspectors

84% 57% Teachers and environmental health technicians

6. Unanticipated or additional outcomes

Description Type (eg.

gender, climate

change, social, other)

Positive or

negative

Impact on

project (High,

Medium, Low)

Additional outcomes through Household empowerment: women, men and youths

are involved in the household sanitation construction works. For Hand washing post

between K5 (US$1) and K10 (US$2) is charged for, while dish racks are pegged at

K30 (US$6). By end of Project a total minimum of K16, 500 (US$3,113) will be

raised in household incomes. Community artisan contracts will also contribute a

total of K930, 800 (US$175,800) to communities thus improving the general

livelihoods, especially for female headed households.

Gender, social,

private sector

Positive High

Improved sanitation in schools and homes provided through the project enhanced

equality between the sexes. During the mission, school authorities reported that has

girls have become equal to boys as they do not have to drop out of school because

of absence of sanitation facilities.

Gender Positive High

Improved household health and hygiene knowledge. At the household level, the

support was provided through hygiene education and sanitation improvement

promotion activities such as Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) accompanied

by gender responsive sanitation marketing encouraging households to construct

improved sanitation facilities.

Health Positive High

WASH Friendly school campaign: Interests of children with Special needs were

highlighted in Localized curriculum. Sanitation facilities specifically designed for

CSN were built for 2 schools, while all other ablution blocks provided for

differently abled.

Social, gender Positive High

7. Lessons learned related to effectiveness

Key issues Lessons learned Target audience

Assessment of

implementation

readiness.

Assessment of project implementation readiness should not only focus on having a

procurement plan for the first year of implementation, but also pay adequate attention to

completing critical preparatory activities such as detailed designs for investments, to allow for

timely commencement and implementation of activities once the loan becomes effective. It is

important that as projects start , there is already ‘shovel ready’ sizeable investments when the

project became effective to be procured.

Bank, RMCs,

Incentives for

project staff

There was high labour turnover on the project and this posed a threat to successful project

completion. Two (2) procurement Specialists, Two (2) Project Accountants and Three (3)

Projects Engineers left the project during implementation. The Mines in the project area offered

better slaries as compared to the utitlity The design of project implementation arrangements

should ensure that staffing policies include incentives that promote the retention of experienced

staff seconded by government or externally sourced who have benefitted from capacity building

opportunities provided through the project. The high turnover of project staff could have been

reduced through a combination of incentives, such as, appropriate competitive compensation

and/or benefits compared to the market, contractual policies to maintain services for a given

period. These could be staff cost made aas Governmnet contribution to the project.

RMCs

Need for

appropriate skills

mix

Projects with significant reforms aiming to improve utility performance should include an

adequate skill mix, including staff with sound institutional reform experience, as well as

Financial Analysts with experience in Water Supply and Sanitation Utility management.

Bank, RMCs

12

C Efficiency

1. Timeliness

Planned project duration – years

(A) (as per PAR) Actual implementation time – years

(B) (from effectiveness for 1st disb.) Ratio of planned and actual

implementation time (A/B)

Rating*

5 6.22 0.80 2

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

In terms of planned to actual implementation time, the project was executed within the 6.22 years with two extensions totalling 1.25

years to the completion date to enable completion of additional works of expansion to the distribution system and installation of 12,000

domestic meters. There was also a delay to complete the major contract, Kitwe Water Works Lot 1A which had a delayed start as it

was retendered due to poor response from bidders in 2012. The poor response was as a result bidders not adequately responding to an

addendum issued by the executing agency, thereby resulting in all but one bidder meeting the requirements. Most of the bidders did

not receive the addendum and the executing agency did not confirm with them whether they had received the addendum

2. Resource use efficiency

Median % physical implementation of RLF

outputs financed by all financiers (A) (see

II.B.3)

Commitment rate (%) (B) (See table 1.C – Total commitment rate of

all financiers)

Ratio of the median percentage

physical implementation and

commitment rate (A/B)

Rating*

100 98.92% 1.01 3


The final cost of the project at completion was UA 34,998,407.20, against UA 35,000,000 projected at appraisal of the project. This

shows the project was executed within budget. Procurement in some instances like for Kitwe Water Works Lot1A, took longer than

expected due to retendering the works therefore delaying the timing of project benefits. The Banks commitments were fully utilized.

For its part, GRZ lagged behind to honour its financial commitments with a contribution of UA 3,820,000 million. GRZ disbursed

90% of its commitment and is yet to liquidate the remaining balance.

13

3. Cost benefit analysis

Economic Rate of Return

(at appraisal) (A)

Updated Economic Rate of Return

(at completion) (B)

Ratio of the Economic Rate of Return

at completion and at appraisal (B/A)

Rating*

16.9% (ENPV at 10% $38.36

million)

17.8% (ENPV at 10%, $40.36

million)

1.05 3


EIRR and NPV at Project completion are calculated based on the earlier model used in the calculation of the EIRR at the appraisal

stage. The updated economic analysis gives a higher EIRR (17.8%) than the estimates made at the appraisal (16.9%) though marginal.

Sensitivity analysis shows the Project is more sensitive to changes in Non-Revenue Water, Tariffs and water production. For instance,

a 50% change in the rate of reduction of NRW at NPV of 10% gives a relative change in EIRR of 10%, with a high impact than tariff

at 7.7% or production of 4.6%. The project has had a good impact on the residents in the project area. Its projected economic

performance is positive in all scenarios even after making adverse changes in the three key assumptions of Non-Revenue Water, Tariffs

and water production. However, none of such changes have a dramatic impact on the outcome of the NPV and EIRR analysis i.e. the

changes would not bring the NPV of the Project towards or below zero. Given the consistently positive net benefits and EIRR from

the sensitivity analysis, the project has contributed to: (i) Access to reliable water by a total of 704,413 people who previously had

intermittent water supply and therefore faced hazardous health incidents; (ii) Improved sanitation and hygiene behaviour as a result of

sensitization, provision of sanitation facilities in the unplanned settlements of Ipusukilo, Twaiteka and Kamatipa and other public

places (markets, health centres and schools) has leverage huge health benefits for the beneficiaries by significantly reducing the disease

burden (iii) Empowerment of communities and through provision of knowledge and basic skills to get women, men and youths involved

in the household sanitation construction works; and (iv) Promotion of inclusiveness for vulnerable members of beneficiary

communities through provision of latrines (a total of 500) and accessible-friendly latrines for disabled children in the programme

targeted schools.. The implementation processes has for the most part been satisfactory and has for the most part led to the anticipated

results.

4. Implementation Progress (IP)

IP Rating (derived from

updated IPR) *

Narrative comments (commenting specifically on those IP items that were rated Unsatisfactory or Highly

Unsatisfactory, as per last IPR).

3 While the implementation progress was slow at the beginning of the project, there was accelerated progress after the

award of all works contracts in 2012. The implementation of the project for the most part have been satisfactory and

have led to the anticipated results. The project remained complaint with the covenants except on other conditions

related to financial ratios of current ratio which was off target at project close. In terms of financial performance,

counterpart contribution from GRZ was sometimes disbursed late and at project close, GRZ remained with 10% to

disburse on the project. Procurement and financial management remained consistent with Bank systems and

procedures. In terms of budget commitments, the Bank funds were committed at 99.99% and disbursed accordingly.

14

5. Lessons learned related to efficiency


Counterpart funds The counterpart funds should be budgeted for on projects and become available as the

project is being implemented to avoid delays or stoppages to work due to non-payment

of counterpart funds. RMCs should ensure that before the beginning of each financial

year, the counterpart funds are included in work plans and budget based on the

disbursement projections.

RMCs, Bank,

Executing Agencies

Complementing

Water and

Sanitation

interventions with

Hygiene education

and promotion.

In order to optimize benefits from water supply and sanitation interventions, the

interventions must concurrently address water supply, sanitation and hygiene.

Community sensitization on good hygiene practices and against vandalism should be a

continuous process to avoid communities reverting to previous malpractices. This

sensitization should always be adequately provided for in project budgets. This will help

to make the project outputs sustainable. The project provided water points in the public

places and unplanned settlements were the sanitation facilities were provided to maximize

the benefits of WSS.

Bank, RMCs

Make full use of

available

resources.

The project demonstrated its ability to make full use of the resources provided to achieve

the intended outcomes. Robust pre-feasibility studies backed by a detailed scope of works

are pre requisites to successful utilisation of funds for the intended benefits

Bank, RMCs

Use Design and

Build procurement

of large works

To avoind unnecessary delays at project commence and during implementation, the

design and build approach would work well in to avoid addenda being issued late into the

bidding processes as the contractor would be solely responsible for design and any

changes to the design.

BANk, PMCs

D Sustainability

1. Financial sustainability


2 Long term sustainability could be affected if tariff reviews are not done periodically to determine the cost reflectiveness

of providing water and sanitation services. NWSC carried out a tariff and affordability study to assess the need to

increase tariffs to match the cost of its operations. This is now institutionalized and carried out every three years and

serves as a basis for applications of tariff increases to the regulator. In terms of operations and maintenance, systems

and procedures for preventive and routine maintenance have been put in place and NWSC has continued with the

necessary measures for O&M to ensure sustainability of the new/ existing infrastructure and train personnel adequately.

An issue of concern still remains around NRW which has remained high at project completion and has a significant

impact on cost recovery. One of the major reasons is that there is now an accurate measurement of the quanities of

water unaccounted for with more meters in the system installed. The NRW presents a problem for long term

sustainbility if not adequately addressed. The efforts made by the project in replacing of old distribution lines,

strengthening thedetection and prosecution of illegal connections, regularizing of metering, billing and collection

procedures should be continued if the levels of losses are to be reduced. Whatever program is used for the reduction

of the losses it will only produce permanent results if it is accompanied by a real effort to improve the operating

conditions of the company (organization, procedures, human resources, etc) as part of an overall water demand

management strategy.

15

2. Institutional sustainability and strengthening of capacities


3 As a result of the project, institutional capacities both at NWSC, national, local and community levels were

strengthened through training and provision of necessary hardware to facilitate support to sustainability. Through

training staff and stakeholders are better equipped to deal with water and sanitation issues to ensure the continued flow

of benefits associated with the project after completion. Through project support, sector institutions were also

strengthened with the enactment of the Zambia Environmental Management Agency Act of 2011 to adequately deal

with the environmental safeguards. To improve governance, various personnel from local authorities have been trained

on relevant bylaws to effectively deal with vandalism to water and sewerage infrastructure.

3. Ownership and sustainability of partnerships


3 Communities were actively involved from project inception to choosing various technological options for sanitation

facilities and their involvement in constructing facilities in their locations during project implementation. This required

that an enabling environment was created by sensitizing the communities on the importance of and the benefits of

WASH in relation to their wellbeing and providing skills and opportunities to enable them meet the required

contribution criteria. The community took the lead in community level outreach activities using the Neighborhood

Health Committees (NHCs) under the District Health office. The communities were also sensitized on their roles and

responsibility with regards to WASH and impacts on sustainability if these responsibilities were ignored. For example,

to combat vandalism, the community was sensitized on the impacts they would face when WASH or any public facility

is vandalized and the fact that the Project was theirs. A community level steering Committee comprising the NHCs,

Civic leaders, community leaders from Churches, Political parties, Community Based Organization was also

established to engender participation, reduce conflict at community level and ensure they were actively involved in the

managing facilities thereby increasing the sense of ownership.

4. Environmental and social sustainability


3 An Environmental and Social Management Plan and Resettlement Policy Framework was prepared for the project and

monitored and reported on by the project team during implementation. The core ESMP requirements were embedded

in the various works contracts. A Resettlement Action Plan for residents around Mindolo Sewage Oxidation Ponds

was prepared and currently being actioned by Government to deal with the issue of resettlement after it was noted that

residents had encroached around the boundary of the sewage ponds.

16

5. Lessons learned related to sustainability


Program

Sustainability

When financing utilities, program sustainability should be embedded as part of the covenants to

ensure sustainability of outcomes in the long run in relation to the overall commercial viability.

Sustainability of the investments beyond the project’s lifetime will mainly depend on capacity

and performance of the NWSC to manage the services.

RMCs, Bank

Stakeholder

involvement

to engender

ownership

Engage communities from the outset to promote sustainability. Sufficient time should be

allocated to the phase prior to design to ensure that users understand the pros, cons and

maintenance requirements of each system. Building communities’ capacity to select systems

that are adequate for their needs and reflect their capacity to operate and maintain the systems

increases the likelihood of sustainability. In addition, including a community contribution prior

to implementation ensures communities have the capacity to pay for the systems and builds their

commitment to the successful implementation of the works. The project incorporated this lesson

and include early engagement as well as community contribution.

RMCs, Bank

Early

planning of

institutional/a

dministrative

measures will

facilitate early

implementati

on

This was well applied in the case of implementing the component on sanitation and hygiene and

shows how important it is to put in the necessary institutional arrangements from the onset. For

example, the MOU between NWSC and Local authorities to outline roles and responsibilities

for implementing component 2. WSS service sustainability depends on the quality of

infrastructure as well as institutional capacity to operate and maintain the infrastructure. Given

that achieving sustainability is a process that often requires more time than the lifespan of a

project, strengthening the institutional support structure to provide assistance during this

transformational period should be a priority in projects.

RMCS, Bank

Long-term

engagement

to achieve

change.

Bank projects, especially in the case of countries where the sector relies on donor financing, can

inspire transformational change when they maintain sector best practices as top priorities over a

longer period of time. A successful five or six year project can lay the groundwork for positive

institutional change but additional support is usually required to ensure that the Client fully

institutionalizes the good practices

Bank, RMCs

III Performance of stakeholders

1. Bank performance

Rating* Narrative assessment by the Borrower on the Bank’s performance, as well as any other aspects of the project

(both quantitative and qualitative).

3 The Bank performance in regards quality of entry was satisfactory given that the project design was based on pre-

feasibility studies and promoting sustainability, users’ participation and a demand-responsive approach especially

with sanitation interventions. Recommendations shared with the Borrower and the NWSC were taken into account.

Comments to be inserted by the Bank on its own performance (both quantitative and qualitative). See guidance note on

issues to cover

In terms of quality of entry and quality of implementation, the project design was formulated using Bank’s experience with similar

operations in the country and was consistent with the Banks country strategy. The Bank added significant value to the design given

the preparation team’s extensive experience in the urban water supply and sanitation sector and work on similar projects in the

region. The impact and outcome were consistent with the government’s development strategy and Bank core indicators. Over the

six years of implementation, the Bank undertook regular supervision missions, prepared aide-memoires with the client, and produced

the necessary implementation support status reports. The Bank was also actively engaged in the sector dialogue in the sector. The

Bank has maintained a strong sector presence and has been co-chair of the water sector cooperating partners group from 2011. The

decision to extend the project was justified to overcome implementation delays encountered at the beginning of the project and adjust

to the progress of the household sanitation facilities construction and also to utilize savings to extend the water distribution system

and purchase an additional 12,000 domestic meters to enhance revenue collection. Responsibilities were clearly defined for

implementation in Appraisal Document and understood by the Executing Agency, consultants and AfDB supervision teams as well

as stakeholders such as the Local Authorities. The Bank provided active supervision support, closely monitoring progress, enforced

17

the relevant safeguards and adjusted the project as necessary to facilitate effective implementation and in helping resolve some

critical issues and providing guidance.

Key issues (related to Bank performance) Lessons learned

Timely feedback to Borrower There were requests for variations and re-allocations sent to the Bank and these needed to

be dealt with expediously if the project was to be implemented in time. Response time is

critical for project performance and project success

2. Borrower performance

Rating* Narrative assessment on the Borrower performance to be inserted by the Bank (both quantitative and

qualitative, depending on available information). See guidance note.

3 The borrower performance was satisfactory even with the high staff turnover of the project suffered. Because the project

was being implemented within the utility with full participation of various operational units, this permited the executing

agency to fill the vacancies with personnel who were already acquianted with the project activities. The NWSC had a

hands-on supervision of the implementation of project as well as trying to institutionalize sustainability with stakeholders

was key to the project’s satisfactory outcome. NWSC roll out of household sanitation was also impressive. Overall,

NWSC displayed a high level of commitment to achieving project development objectives. During implementation,

NWSC faced minor shortcomings related to procurement with delays in submitting procurement requests. Although these

shortcomings did not hinder the Project from fully achieving its PDO, they slowed implementation and played a role in

the late start to the final project completion date. No major procurement issue was raised during implementation. The

NWSC met all the covenants of the projects save for the current ratio and the debt to equity ratios which remained

challenging until project close. Performance was off target with Debt to Capital Employed Ratio of 76% against 50%.

For the current ratio, performance is also off target with current ratio of 0.71 against a target to be achieved and maintained

of more than 1. NWSC is following up with Government (MLGH & MoF) to conclude the matter of converting old debt

to equity. Quarterly reporting submission was consistent during the life of the program with 22 reports submitted with

the required level of detail. In terms of external audits, the project had complied, as the audits were carried out in

accordance with ToRs approved by the Bank. For the Ministry of Finance, they were not able to keep up with the pace

of payment for contracts on the project and by the end of the project, 10.89% was remaining to be disbursed. (UA

416,308.20). The approval of the tariff increase arising out of the tariff and affordability study done as a result of the

project was an important achievement for NWSC that is now playing a significant role in improving the financial

sustainability of NWSC.

Key issues (related to Borrower

performance) Lessons learned

Competence of key project

staff

The right skills mix and structure of implementing/executing agencies should be put in place before

project start up to ensure adequate project management

Counterpart funds Where Government has agreed to fund a proportion of the projects, adequate funds should be set

aside to ensure that contractors, consultants and suppliers are timely paid and that no arrears

accumulate which could hamper project implementation

Exit Strategy To help project beneficiaries and stakeholders including executing agencies understand and be

prepared for these transitions, the implementing entity and its partners should work with the all

beneficiaries to prepare a plan for transferring responsibilities to the users.

Monitoring and Evaluation There is need for a solid results framework that provides a means to systematically assess

implementation progress and measure outcomes in projects. Monitoring and Evaluation is extremely

critical in ensuring that the coverage and service levels reached are maintained.

18

3. Performance of other stakeholders

Rating* Narrative assessment on the performance of other stakeholders, including co-financiers, contractors and

service providers. See guidance note on issues to cover. (indicative max length: 250 words)

3 The performance of the contractors was satisfactory with the quality of infrastructure produced to a high standard

especially on the Kitwe Water Works. The consultant on the engineering supervision adequately supervised the four

works contracts and was instrumental in achieving the delivery of the outputs. The pace of construction works was

satisfactory although there were delays to the completion of the major construction works on the Kitwe Water Works

to enable additional works to be carried out to add to the objectives of the project. The contractors were response to

client demands

Key issues (related to

performance of other

stakeholders)

Lessons learned Target audience (for lessons learned)

Counterpart

contribution

Where possible, ensure that that Bank funds 100% of the project and Government /

community contribution is costed in kind to avoid delays in implementation

Bank, RMCs

Need for close liasons

and interactions in the

management of

Consultants

Intensive client supervision and liaison is required of engineering consultants to

ensure that client needs and expectations are understood especially on large

infrastructure projects which involve a large number of contracts as was the case with

Nkana.

RMCs

IV Summary of key lessons learned and recommendations

1. Key lessons learned

Key issues Key lessons learned Target

audience

During preparation,

plan to reduce

implementation

risks

This can be done through: (i) do a thorough institutional analysis, that includes a skill gap

analysis with a training plan to enhance and strengthen sector institutions and agencies both in

public and private sector, and (ii) design a simple monitoring system, that covers both

implementation progress as well as outcome monitoring, that establishes baseline values no

later than Appraisal.

Bank, RMCs

Address

community

involvement in

detail during water

and sanitation

project

Both the software and hardware components of ? are critical. However, underinvesting in

software encompassing mobilisation, sensitisation and training of communities can lead to

significantly higher hardware costs and lower project performance as a result of lack of

ownership. We recommend investing in good planning, design, and combined with effective

training, capacity building and institutional development among stakeholders. Clearly, the

insistence of the Bank on the inclusion of the software side especially on sanitation was, and

remains fully justified.

RMCs

19

2. Key recommendations (with particular emphasis on ensuring sustainability of project benefits)

Key issue Key recommendation Responsible Deadline

Cost recovery There is need to critically address the issue of cost recovery as it is

fundmental to financial sustainability, taking into account social

equity and ability of beneficiary communittes to pay for the services

Utilities, GRZ Continuous

Continue strengthening

operations and maintenance

systems

Preventive and routine maintenance should continue to be carried out

to preserve the both the newly created and old assets if service is to

be sustained.

NWSC Continuous

Institutional support for the

structures created to ensure

that they can execute their

mandate especially at local

and community level

After project closure, there is need ensure that structures created and

strengthened during project implementation will have the technical,

infrastructural and human resource support to execute their mandates

to ensure sustainability of project outcomes.

National

agencies

Yearly budget

commitments

High unaccounted for water To sustain outcomes, there is need to critically address UFW by

preparing water demand management plans. NWSC has set a highly

prioritised plan of interventions aimed at improving efficiencies and

increasing the customer base. It targets reduction of UFW to 25% in

the long run, improving billing and collection efficiency, increasing

coverage and lowering the unit cost of production.

NWSC Immediate

V Overall PCR rating

Dimensions and criteria Rating*

DIMENSION A: RELEVANCE 3.5

Relevance of project development objective (II.A.1) 4

Relevance of project design (II.A.2) 3

DIMENSION B: EFFECTIVENESS 3

Development Objective (DO) (II.B.4) 3

DIMENSION C: EFFICIENCY 2.75

Timeliness (II.C.1) 2

Resource use efficiency (II.C.2) 3

Cost-benefit analysis (II.C.3) 3

Implementation Progress (IP) (II.C.4) 3

DIMENSION D: SUSTAINABILITY 2.75

Financial sustainability (II.D.1) 2

Institutional sustainability and strengthening of capacities (II.D.2) 3

Ownership and sustainability of partnerships (II.D.3) 3

Environmental and social sustainability (II.D.4) 3

AVERAGE OF THE DIMENSION RATINGS 3

OVERALL PROJECT COMPLETION RATING S

20

VI Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronym (add rows as

needed)

Full name

ADF African Development Fund

AfDB African Development Bank

CSP Country Strategy Paper

EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia

MLGH Ministry of Local Government and Housing

MOH Ministry of Health

NHCs Neighbourhood Health Committees

NPV Net Present Value

NWSSP Nkana Water and Sewerage Company

NWASCO National Water Supply and Sanitation

PIT Project Implementation Team

RDCs Resident Development Committees

RMCs Regional Member Countries

TOT Training of Trainers

UFW Unaccounted for Water

WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene

WHO World Health Organisation

I

Annex 1: Achievements on project components

Kitwe Water Works

Nkana East Water Treatment Plant (New Extension 32,000 m³/day)

The New Nkana East Water Treatment Plant was designed as an addition to the already existing 60,000 m³

per day treatment plant in order to increase production for the southern part of Kitwe as well as

supplementing the Northern part through the Kwacha DC. The designed production capacity for the new

plant is 32,000m³/day. The New plant consists of treatment units that include the Splitter Chamber, Dosing

Platform, Mixing Chamber, Flocculation Basin, Sedimentation Basin, Filters and Clear Water Tank. The

500m³ Back Wash Tank was constructed to provide gravity back washing of filters for both new and

existing treatment plant. As a result of the expansion of the treatment plant six additional filters were

constructed. The Chemical house was constructed next to the new treatment plant. This structure replaced

the existing chemical house which became absolute. All chemical mixing shall be done from this structure

then pumped to the splitter chamber for dosing.

A new 2500m³ capacity clear water tank was constructed for the treated water at the new plant. The clear

water tank was commissioned in October 2014

Rehabilitation of Nkana East Treatment Plant (Existing)

Rehabilitation of existing Nkana East Water Treatment Plant included but not limited to the following;

repair and cleaning of clarifiers, installation of penstocks and partialization boxes; rehabilitation of existing

filters valves and pipework in the filters gallery.

Rehabilitation of Nkana East Raw Water Intake

Rehabilitation works comprised of civil works such as painting and general civil repairs which included

construction of pump plinths. A complete set of three (3) new raw water pumps were installed and

commissioned.

Rehabilitation of Bulangililo Intake

The Bulangililo raw water intake pump house was rehabilitated by painting the entire pump house and

pump plinths modified to accommodate four new pump sets which replaced the four existing ailing pumps.

Rehabilitation of 17th Avenue DC

Elevated Reinforced Concrete Tank (1000m³)

Construction of the tank with all accessories including pipework was completed in August 2014 and the

tank has since been commissioned. New manifold and pipework which includes valves and reducers was

installed to cater for various distribution centres which are being fed from 17th Avenue DC such as Ndeke

DC, Wusakile DC, Mindolo DC and elevated tank for town centre distribution and Nkana West network.

This elevated tank is meant to boost pressure in the City Centre, Nkana East and parts of Nkana West. The

tank is 37.5m high and has a capacity of 1000m³.

Rehabilitation of Wusakile DC

A new 750m³ elevated steel tank was erected at Wusakili distribution centre. The tank will boost pressure

to high level areas like Chamboli and the Cemetery. In addition two new pump sets were installed to lift

water to the new tank for distribution by gravity.

II

Rehabilitation of Ndeke DC

Ndeke Elevated Steel Tank (1000m³)

The erection of the elevated steel tank was completed and commissioned. The tank was included at the

Distribution Centre in order to boost pressure in the high level areas of Ndeke and Ndeke Village. The

water from the existing reservoirs shall be pumped into the elevated tank 25m above ground and then by

gravity to supply areas.

Ndeke Pump House

Ndeke pump house was constructed to accommodate new high lift pumps to improve supply to high level

areas of Ndeke Township. The pumps will pump to the new elevated steel tank which will supply by gravity

to consumers.

Rehabilitation of Mindolo DC

Elevated Steel Tank (750 m³)

The tank was constructed to replace the existing arrangement where water was being pumped directly into

the distribution. Water is to be pumped into the steel tank and then supply by gravity to consumers. Three

high lift pumps were installed and commissioned.

Rehabilitation of Kwacha DC Tank

Kwacha DC Tank

The Kwacha distribution tank which was in bad condition was extensively rehabilitated by chipping

through the tank concrete and removing the old pre-stressed bars and shotcrete. The new pre-stressed bars

have been inserted and the tank was successfully commissioned after extensive tests.

Mindolo and Ndeke Sewage Ponds

The Mindolo and Ndeke ponds were rehabilitated as per scope of works. Each pond received a facelift by

mainly desludging the ponds, reinstating the embankment and sealing seepages, constructing modified

inlets and outlets, reinstating the bed of the ponds using imported material as necessary. Both Mindolo and

Ndeke ponds were fenced off by construction of boundary wall fences to prevent squatters from spilling

over the sewage ponds area which was already visible at Mindolo ponds. As for the Ndeke ponds, the

boundary wall also prevents crocodiles from accessing the enclosed area.

Kalulushi Water and Sewerage Works

Mwambashi

At Mwambashi Raw water intake, all works are complete. The site which is approximately 10km away

from the water treatment plant had to have power extended from 7 Shaft. The works also include restoration

of the breached weir, new raw water intake, pump house with three (3) high lift pumps with motor control

centre and two semi-detached houses for four (4) families.

Pipe laying of the 9.8 km DN 400 steel raw water pipeline is complete and all fittings were installed.

III

7 Shaft Water Treatment Plant.

The WTP was initially constructed in the late 1990 when the GRZ owned and operated the mines but was

never commissioned. As a result, most of the facilities installed were vandalised and rusted due to lack of

operation. The objective of the project was therefore to optimise the existing infrastructure where necessary

by rehabilitating the plant and bringing it into operation. Additional structures were built arising out of

need. It is now functional except for the absence of continuous supply of raw water owing to pollution

issues. The design capacity of the plant is about 13,500 m³/day.

Treated Water Main

3,240 m of DN 400 epoxy coated steel treated water pipes were laid between the water treatment plant

and MITs distribution centre.

MITs Distribution Centre (DC)

MITs distribution centre is the main storage centre for water for Kalulushi Township. The centre has two

sources of water i.e. 7 Shaft new water treatment plant and Kwacha distribution centre in Kitwe. A new

pump house was constructed to house new pumps for boosting water from the 11,500m³ ground reservoir

to two elevated 340m³ reservoirs.

From this distribution centre, water is distributed to Kalulushi, Chibuluma and Chibote.

Water Distribution and Pipework

A summarized schedule of uPVC pipes laid in the water distribution network is shown in the table below.

This was done in a bid to reinforce the distribution network and expand the network to areas of Chibuluma

and Chibote where a dedicated DN 315 uPVC line has been installed with eight air valves and four wash

out valves. 3,053 No. domestic water meters were installed out of 4,800 procured as per BOQ. The

remaining meters were handed over to the project .

All newly laid pipes were sterilized and flushed before being charged.

Sewer Pipework and Associated Works

Pipe replacement on the DN 400 AC sewer trunk mains to the oxidation ponds is complete. On Hindu hall

sewer trunk, over fifty manholes were reconstructed and raised above ground as most were below ground

and were admitting runoff water during storms. A substantial amount of manhole top slabs have also been

replaced as most of the slabs were missing.

9,179 m of the sewer network has been installed out of 8,298 m. The increased quantity is a result of

additional requirements financed through VO No. 2.

Sewage Oxidation Ponds

The ponds in Kalulushi are in sets of three and are nine altogether, the first is the primary largely responsible

for removing biomass from the sewage and then the secondary and tertiary responsible for removal of

pathogens and final polishing of the effluent. All the nine ponds were rehabilitated by restoring the

embankments and rearranging the inlet and outlet channels to enhance efficiency. The pond outlet has been

provided with a flume for flow measuring. An operator’s shelter has also been constructed at the ponds to

accommodate operators who maintain the ponds. These ponds have capacity to treat 9,120m³/day. The

recent results from the quality assurance team confirmed that the quality of effluent is in the region of

25mg/l of BOD5 which is within the acceptable limits of the regulator.

IV

Sewer Lift Pump Station No. 1

The pump house at this station was so dilapidated that a new one had to be built. The new building houses

two new pumps one duty and one standby in a dry well, drawing sewage from an adjacent wet well. There

is an adjacent operator’s room and ablution facility. The old plant is decommissioned. A new inlet structure

has been built incorporating a grit chamber. The premises were provided with security lighting, fenced with

one (1) access gate.

Sewer Lift Pump Station No. 2

The building has been refurbished with the two old pumps replaced. The existing wet well outside the

building was also desludged along with the grit channel leading to it and the manhole chamber before. A

watering well has also been developed between the pump house and the wet well for gardening. Fencing of

the pump station has been done with an access gate installed. Security lights have also been installed at the

facility to enhance security.

Chambishi Water and Sewerage Works

Water Treatment Plant

The water treatment plant at Chambishi employs both the slow sand filters and a small unit of rapid gravity

filters. Both systems have gone under rehabilitation. Nozzles and filter media were procured and installed

in the rapid gravity filters while the slow sand filters had cracks mended on the walls and one out of the

three units had sand replaced. New air blowers were installed to replace the old units and the equipment

was tested and commissioned. The new high lift pumps were supplied installed and commissioned and are

performing satisfactorily. The new chemical dosing system for aluminum sulphate, gas chlorine and lime

has also been commissioned and is operational. Modifications were carried out to the mechanical clarifier

to operate like a hopper bottomed non-mechanical up-flow clarifier. Control valves of various sizes were

replaced around the plant and a bulk meter installed on the rising main to measure production. Fencing

around the perimeter of the water treatment plant has also been installed with an access gate. Lighting has

also been improved by installation of security lights at the premises.

Restoration works were also carried out on the existing pump house, chemical building and old

administration block while a new office was built to serve as a cash office since the Client was still

operating from a rented office at the Council Offices.

Treated Water Main

A severely leaking section near the Civic Centre was replaced with epoxy coated steel pipes reducing non-

revenue water substantially. The total distance installed is shown in the table below.

Water Distribution Centre

The distribution centre consists of two reservoirs, one ground and the other elevated. The ground tank feeds

the elevated tank. Both reservoirs were rehabilitated with pipe work rearranged, old valves replaced, level

gauge indicators and bulk meters installed. The pump house building was given a facelift with ablution

facilities and pumps and panel replaced. Fencing is also complete with an access gate. Security was

enhanced by installation of security lights on the fence peripheral.

V

Water Distribution System

9,699.6 m of pipe work in the distribution network was laid out of 8,485 m provided for under the budget.

Pressure in the network has improved significantly and longer supply hours were recorded ranging from

6 to 20 hrs. Pipes installed include network extension to Kankoyo extension and Zambia compound. In

addition 3 fire hydrants and various network valves were installed. All newly laid pipes were tested,

sterilized and flushed before being charged.

Marker posts have also been installed along the line showing location of pipes and fittings.

The Contractor has also installed 1410 No. domestic water meters of various sizes.

Sewer Pipework and Associated Works

Chambishi has two major trunk mains conveying sewer to the oxidation ponds. The pipe diameters for the

two trunks are DN 600 and DN 250. Over two kilometres of the two trunks were replaced under the project

targeting the most affected areas. Manholes and covers were also replaced in the process.

Chambishi Oxidation Ponds

Works at the oxidation ponds included desludging of all the three ponds. At the inlet works, screens were

installed to remove floating objects from the effluent and the outlet was provided with a V-notch for flow

measurement. It has however been observed that since the Contractor withdrew his staff from the ponds

upon inspection and handover, the inlet channel is not being desludged and the ponds and surrounding are

often overgrown with weeds. The operator’s building was constructed and handed over for use by pond

attendants.

Public Sanitation

During project planning it was recognized that there was an urgent need to improve sanitation not just at

household level but also in public places especially health centres, schools and public places. These places

being gathering points for large groups of people were bound to have a big adverse impact on the public

health of any community if the sanitation there was poor. It was also recognised that poor sanitation in

schools was the main cause of poor school attendance by the girl child.

A a provision was made under the Nkana Water Supply and Sanitation project (NWSSP) to improve

sanitation in public places by construction of public sanitation The public sanitation facilities to be

constructed were designed to render infrastructural support to the sanitation and hygiene promotion and

education implemented under the NWSSP.

To facilitate smooth implementation of Component III activities a component coordinating team

comprising officials from the following organisations;

i. Nkana Water and Sewerage Company

ii. Local Authorities in the project area (KCC and KMC)

iii. District Health Management Boards Kitwe and Kalulushi

iv. District Education Boards Kitwe and Kalulushi

The component coordinating team was responsible for providing approved designs for the facilities to be

constructed and was also instrumental in the component III training and sensitization activities.

Due to the extensive area coverage of the project the works were divided into 3 lots for bidding as

follows;

VI

i. Lot 1: Construction of sanitation facilities in public places and health centres in Kitwe

ii. Lot 2: Construction of sanitation facilities in schools in Kitwe

iii. Lot 3: Construction of sanitation facilities in public places, health centres and schools in Kalulushi

In total, 35 sanitation and water supply facilities were constructed at 30 public places. The facilities

constructed included;

Ablution blocks

Incinerators

Double VIPs

Boreholes with hand pump

VII

Annex 2: Household Sanitation

Sanitation promotion at household levels was at two levels:

A. Conventional Low Cost Sanitation Upgrade in Buchi Kamitondo

1990 water borne household sanitation facilities were built in Buchi and Kamitondo and the sewerage

system laid. To engender ownership, the households were required to contribute K500. The K500 was

paid either once or in installments. The community was also required to demolish old pit latrines. At

time of final assessment of the project community contribution stood at 51%, while demolition of old

sanitation facilities stood at 62%.

The Buchi sanitation model was also adopted as Best practice for Serving Low Income Communities

under the Copperbelt Water Operators Partnership project funded by European Union.

B. Onsite Household Sanitation in Peri urban areas

The community’s preferred option was the Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines which were then promoted in

the 3 peri urban areas of Twaiteka, Ipusukilo and Kamatipa. To address the concerns on collapsing of pits

and inadequate space, the VIP design has strong lining and a pit emptying facility. More than 200 community

artisans were trained to construct the latrines and encouraged to form community enterprises. The

Community enterprises were then engaged as contractors.

Three onsite sanitation options were promoted, namely: Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine, Ecosan and Pour

Flush. Prior to the commencement of works, massive sensitization activities were done and the community

educated on the characteristic of each model unit including convenience, ease of maintenance and

cleanliness, cost of construction, maintenance details and any limitations due to environmental constraints

were clearly elaborated for the intended users. The households were then encouraged to put up own sanitation

facilities depending on their preference. A criterion for identifying the poor households which needed to be

supported under the programme and the level of such assistance towards meeting the cost of the on-site

sanitation facilities was also developed.

The Project adopted a demand responsive approach with households meeting the contribution criterion being

the selected beneficiary on first come first serve basis. The contribution criteria and selection method was

agreed with the community and provided 10% of the sanitation facilities for the most vulnerable households

identified by the communities themselves. To ensure equity, the contribution criteria involved materials and

tasks that could be made or done by households using locally available materials, namely: providing 250

burnt blocks, digging of latrine and solid waste pits, and providing two (2) loads of sand, two (2) loads of

Left: Old sanitation facilities Right: New sanitation facilities

VIII

stones, provision of hand washing post and disk rack. The Project incentive included 5 bags of cement, 250

concrete blocks, 2 roofing sheets, door frame and door, san plate and labour for the construction of latrine.

Table 1.3: Household sanitation progress

Support to Solid Waste Management

Support was also provided through Kitwe City Council (KCC) and Kalulushi Municipal Council (KMC) for

solid waste management. Solid waste management equipment (3 tipper trucks and 1 refuse compactor) was

provided under a separate supply contract under the project to assist with the collection and disposal of solid

waste. In turn the promotion and education of sanitation and hygiene also covered solid waste management

at household level, in order to prepare the customers to collaborate with the garbage collection body.

The project also supported solid waste management by way of funding the Environmental Impact

Assessment, strengthening of legal enforcement of solid waste management and formation and registration

of 06 solid waste collection Community Based Enterprises.

Cleaning of dambos

As part of promoting a cleaner environment and malaria control, support for clearing of dambos was

undertaken in Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi. The sub project included the unblocking and clearing of

22 dambos, thus contributing to the malaria control efforts in the two districts. The Project also provided

training for the operators and labourers and logistics. The Project also procured equipment, protective

clothing.

BENEFITS AND IMPACTS COMPONENT 3 ACTIVITIES

Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is fundamental to improving the livelihoods and well-

being of communities, especially the poor. Clean water and adequate sanitation lead to improvements in

health, school attendance, productivity, and entrepreneurship. On the overall, the Component activities

positively impacted on the living standards of the people and served to promote improved health through

Level of Progress

June-2015

Twaiteka Ipusukilo Kamatipa Total

HH Respondents to contribution criteria

(excluding vulnerable HH) 679 592 575 1,846

Toilets completed( inclusive vulnerable

households) 561 551 542 1,654

Vulnerable HH with full subsidy 57 51 52 160

% HH reached on overall HH 15 6.9 7.6 9.8

Female HH beneficiaries % 45 48 43 43.3

Overall % completion against target of

1503 112.2 110.2 108.4 110

IX

the reduction of waterborne diseases. This provided the community, especially the women and children to

engage in other productive activities. The project impacts could be summarized by the Final Impact

Assessment results which associated with lower risk of diarrhoea, malaria and HIV/Aids which was at 42%.

36 % indicated that the project has positively impacted them through improved livelihood while 12%

indicated that it has improved privacy.

a. Reduction in disease burden

The promotion of sanitation facilities and the supporting hygiene promotion and education done under

component III of the NWSSP has helped to reduce open defecation with its associated health risks. This

has in turn led to the reduction in incidence of diarrhoeal diseases in the recipient communities. Key

successes of the programme, include the control of cholera and typhoid in Kitwe since 2011.

b. Improved awareness and dignity

Construction of the sanitation facilities has also lead to improved awareness and dignity in the community.

The women and elderly have been provided the privacy they need. Awareness levels have also been

enhanced as more people informed on the sanitation options they could choose from. Demand

responsiveness is also high with more households constructing or improving their toilets using the

established pool of skilled artisans.

c. Improved access to sanitation for all

The sanitation facilities designs are enclosure an thus are accessible for all, including the elderly and the physically

challenged.

d. Improved livelihoods

The various sub project undertaken under the Component provided various opportunities for employment or small

business. This provided the community income which they have used to improve their lives either by starting a

business, building houses and sending children to school.

e. Improvement of school attendance by the girl child

Provision of improved and adequate sanitation in recipient schools has led to the improvement of school

attendance by the girl child.

Left: commonly used sanitation facilities. Center: Project built VIP Right: Beneficiary Improved toilet, Ipusukilo

X

f. Capacity building

The Component also provided opportunities for skills training for both CCT staff and the community. It also

provided support in form of operational tools and equipment, making it easier to implement the WASH activities,

during the Project and beyond. The training and skills development for the community particularly contributes

to rolling out the sanitation roll out beyond the Project. Capacity building also included strengthening of the legal

enforcement of the Public Health Act.

XI

Annex 3: Desegregated data for school beneficiaries S/N NAME OF SCHOOL TYPE OF

FACILITY

District PREVIOUS

ENROLLMENT

CURRENT

ENROLLMENT

TOTAL NO OF

TEACHERS

COMMENTS

GIRLS BOYS GIRLS BOYS MEN WOME

N

STATUS USAGE

1 Buyantashi Primary School 1x2VIP Kalulushi 257 284 257 284 03 09 Good In use

2 Kameme Primary School 1x2 VIP Kalulushi 59 65 64 71 03 04 Good In use

3 Luela Primary School

Chambeshi

1x2 VIP Kalulushi 202 241 262 265 05 13 Good In use

4 Misenga Primary School 1x2 VIP Kitwe 222 200 243 225 03 09 Good Ii use

5 Kapoto Primary School Ablution Block Kitwe 974 889 923 956 03 28 Good In use

6 Temweni Primary School Ablution Block Kitwe 51 50 73 65 07 13 V. Good In use, School recently

opened

7 Kamfinsa Mission 1x2 VIP Kitwe 313 308 330 323 01 06 Good In use

8 Mwekera Primary School Ablution Block Kitwe 325 347 335 362 12 16 Good In use

9 Mwansa Primary School 1x2 VIP Kitwe 209 228 240 232 02 13 Good In use

10 Miombo Primary School VIP Kitwe Good School still under

construction

11 Johnken Primary school 1x2 VIP Kitwe Good School still under

construction

12 Kankoshi Sec School Ablution Block Kalulushi 616 616 559 598 12 39 Excellent In use .

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT (PCR) - African Development Bank

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