Project by saurabh gupta on maruti suzuki india ltd.(1)

APROJECT REPORT

ON

“The study of consumer buying behavior towards small & medium

car segment with special reference to Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.”

SUBMITTED TO

“ARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH

CENTER”

In partial Fulfillment for the Award of Degree of MBA + PGPM

Submitted to: - Submitted by: -

Ms.PREETI MA’AM SAURABH GUPTA

ACERC, JAIPUR MBA 2nd Yr.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

As Per the curriculum of 2th semester of MBA, we have to undergone through a detailed

project study. I wish to express my gratitude to Rajasthan Technical University for giving me

an opportunity to be a part of such kind of learning experience, which will surely enhance

my knowledge and skills.

I am grateful to Ms. PREETI MA’AM for their invaluable guidance and cooperation during

the course of the project. They provided me with their assistance and support whenever

needed that has been instrumental in completion of this project.

The project has been a great experience, the learning and the exposure I got through this

project was immense and will surely help me in my future pursuits.

The project wouldn’t have been a success without the support of Mr. PRADEEP SHARMA

( GM-HR of Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.) Who was always there to help with their advices and

constant backing.

I would like to show my gratitude towards the management and staff for taking time to

help me and for their suggestion and comment, which helped me a lot throughout the

project.

SAURABH GUPTA.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY (AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY)......................................................................8

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION....................................................................................................15

MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD.......................................................................................................................................15HYUNDAI MOTOR INDIA LTD....................................................................................................................................27TATA MOTORS LTD.................................................................................................................................................40HONDA IN INDIA ...................................................................................................................................................56GENERAL MOTORS.................................................................................................................................................60

3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................... 63

SAMPLE SIZE AND METHOD OF SELECTING SAMPLE........................................................................................................67

4.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK........................................................................................................................ 69

5.ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION..................................................................................................................... 74

6.FACTS & FINDING........................................................................................................................................ 79

7.CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................. 81

8.APPENDIX................................................................................................................................................... 83

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The study of consumer buying behavior towards small &

medium car segment with special reference to Maruti

Suzuki India ltd.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMERY

Title

The Study of Consumer buying behavior towards small & medium car segment with

special reference to Maruti Suzuki India ltd.

Issue

Consumer behavior is ‘the mental and emotional processes and the observable

behavior of consumers during searching purchasing and post consumption of a

product and service. People buy different products from different brands to satisfy their

needs. Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal and

psychological characteristic. Although marketers cannot control such factors, they

must give attention to them. Boston Analytics, a customized knowledge services

company, has announced the release of its “Automotive Industry in India” report as a

part of the series of monthly reports that analyze consumer observations and

sentiments regarding a automotive sector. According to this report consumer think

about the following aspect while making decision of purchase a car:

CAR PURCHASING PREFERENCES

Primary factors of preference

• Price and fuel efficiency are the primary features that consumers expect today.

• There will be an increase in the importance of fuel efficiency in approximately

three to five years from now for consumers.

• Sales service, brand image/prestige, and resale value are secondary factors of

choice today and will remain so for the coming three to five years.

• Environmental issues have yet to take root in India and do not show signs of

becoming a major factor for coming three to five years.

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Car size

• Affluence and aspiration are growing in parallel—The Indian consumer prefers

a mid-size car.

• Our survey reveals that approximately one in two Indian consumers prefer a

roomy mid-size family car.

Indian versus foreign brand

• There is evidence of “buy-Indian” mindset across the metros

• Approximately three in four respondents prefer an Indian brand over a foreign

one recently launched versus established model

• Indian consumers are divided in their preference for recently launched versus

established models of cars.

• According to the results of the survey, 58% of respondents nationwide prefer a

recently launched model by a slight plurality.

Color preference

• The color pie in the Indian car market shows that White is the most preferred

color, closely followed by Black and Silver

• Approximately 29% of respondents preferred White, followed by 27% and 21%

of respondents opting for Black and Silver/Grey respectively

Thus the main issue in this project is to analyzing consumer buying pattern while they

make decision regarding purchase of car especially in small car segment.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The basic objective of the project during the research and study will be focused on the

following parameters:

• To know consume preference regarding small & medium.

• To know what features and services attract the customers.

• Effect of brand image in buying behavior.

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• Impact of advertisement in buying behavior

• Effect of family & friends in buying behavior (Focus group)

RESEARCH is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a

specific topic. It is also said to be the pursuit of truth with the help of study,

observation, comparison and experiment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY is a way to systematically solve the research problem.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Design is the overall description of all the steps though which the projects

have preceded from the setting of objectives to the writing of the project report. The

success of the project depends on the soundness of the research design, which

includes problem definition, specific method of data collection and analysis and time

required for the project.

The research that is undertaken is “Descriptive & exploratory” in nature. The research

is to find out the customers’ preference and attitude towards decision making of

selecting appropriate small, medium & luxury car which suits to their need.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Two methods of collecting data used for this research are as follows: -

PRIMARY DATA –

• Data is collected primarily through personal contact, meeting, interview and

questionnaire with the concerned authority of the organization and investors.

SECONDARY DATA –

• Data are collected through secondary modes such as various published data,

reports, related books and websites.

SAMPLE SIZE

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The procedure adopted to select the sample was simple random sampling. The

sample consists of 50 respondents’ and was restricted to people residing in Jaipur.

1. Introduction to the Industry (Automobile Industry)

Indian Automobile Industry-An Overview

The automobile industry is one of the core industries in India economy, whose

prospect is reflective of the economic resilience of the economy. Indian automobile

industry has come a long way to from the era of the Ambassador car to Maruti 800 to

latest M&M Xylo. An industry is highly competitive with a number of global and Indian

companies present today. It is growing at a pace of around 18% per annum for the

last five years and is projected to be the third largest auto industry by 2030 and just

behind to US & China, according to a report. The industry is estimated to be a US$ 34

billion industry. With the liberalization of the economy, India has become the

playground of major global automobile majors.

Indian Automobile industry can be divided into three segments i.e. two wheeler, three

wheeler & four wheeler segment. Two wheeler segments enjoys 75% market share of

automobile industry, followed by passenger vehicles with the 16% share of market.

Three wheeler segments have merely 4% share in domestic market. The domestic

two-wheeler market is dominated by Indian as well as foreign players such as Hero

Honda, Bajaj Auto, Honda Motors, TVS Motors, and Suzuki etc. Maruti Udyog and

Tata Motors are the leading passenger car manufacturers in the country. And India is

considered as strategic market by Suzuki, Yamaha, etc.

The major players have not left any stone unturned to be global. Major of the players

have got into the merger activities with their foreign counterparts. Like Maruti with

Suzuki, Hero with Honda, Tata with Fiat and latest Mahindra with Renault.

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In two-wheeler segment, motorcycles have the major share, Hero Honda, the leading

bike manufacturer has more than 50% share in two-wheeler segment, followed by

Bajaj Auto. In passenger car segment, Maruti Suzuki contributes the 52% market

share, with complete monopoly over the small car segments. M&M enjoy the 42%

market share in Multi Utility Vehicle in domestic market.

Current Scenario

• The Indian automobile industry crossed a landmark with total vehicle

production of 10 million units.

• The two-wheeler market grew by 13.6 per cent with 70, 56,317 units against 62,

09,765 units in 2004-05.

• Commercial vehicles segment grew at 10.1 per cent with 3, 50,683 units

against 3, 18,430 units in 2004-05.

India, in auto sector, is turning to be a sourcing base for the global auto majors. The

passenger car and the motorcycle segment is set to grow by 8-9 per cent in coming

couple of years, says the ICRA report. The industry is likely to maintain the growth

momentum picked up in 2002-03.

The ICRA's analysis points on the auto sector that the passenger car market in the

country was inching towards cars with higher displacements. The sports-utility-vehicle

(SUV) that was getting crowded every day, would witness intense competition as

many SUVs had been competitively priced, the report said.

Honda, Suzuki, General Motors and Hyundai, the global automakers had already

launched their premium SUVs in the market to broaden their portfolio and create

product excitement in the segment estimated at about 10,000 units annually.

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The commercial vehicles are likely to grow at a CAGR of 5.2 per cent. Heavy

commercial vehicles market would rise at 5.5 percent and sales of light buses and

trucks would achieve 4.7 per cent growth. For the tractors, the growth is 4.6 percent.

Indian Auto Market Growth for the year 2005-06

• The domestic automobile industry sales grew 12.8 per cent at 89, 10,224 units

as against 78, 97,629 units in 2004-05.

• The automotive industry crossed a landmark with total vehicle production of 10

million units.

• According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), car sales

was 8, 82,094 units against 8, 20,179 units in 2004-05.

• The growth of domestic passenger car market was 7.5 per cent

• Car exports stood at 1, 70,193 units against 1, 60,670 units in 2004-05.

• The two-wheeler segment, the market grew by 13.6 per cent with 70, 56,317

units against 62, 09,765 units in 2004-05.

• Motorcycles had the upward march, 17.1 per cent in domestic market touching

58, 15,417 units against 49, 64,753 units in 2004-05.

• Scooter segment grew by 1.5 per cent, fall at 9, 08,159 units against 9, 22,428

units in 2004-05.

• Commercial vehicles segment grew at 10.1 per cent with 3, 50,683 units

against 3, 18,430 units in 2004-05.

• Medium and heavy commercial vehicles managed a growth of 4.5 per cent

against 23 per cent growth in the year ended March 31, 2005.

• Light commercial vehicles sales growth was 19.4 per cent at 1, 43,237 units

against 1, 19,924 units in 2004-05.

• Three-wheelers sales rose by 17 per cent at 3, 60,187 units against 3, 07,862

units in 2004-05.

In this competitive scenario consumer has number of choices for selecting motorbikes

as well as cars thus there are number of choices and brands available to the

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customer. The basic issue with this project is to study about the consumer preference

toward selecting/purchasing small & middle segment or economic car among the

available alternatives.

Auto industry in 2008

All the major auto companies enjoyed the high growth ride till the mid 2008. But at the

end of the year, industry had to face the hard truth and witnessed the fall in sales

compared to last year. In December 2008, overall production fell by 22 % over the

same month last year. Global recession has hit the Indian auto industry, India is strong

and growing industry but the impact of recession is evident now on industry as sales &

growth of automobile companies have declined.

Passenger Vehicles segment registered negative growth. One of its supporting facts is

that the sales in December 2008 for passenger vehicles fell by 13.86% over

December 2007. Maruti- the leading car manufacturer, registered 10% fall in sells

(56293 units), as compared to December’07 (62,515 units). But interestingly, Hyundai

motors, the second largest car maker of country, registered a growth in sells, with the

help of export; Hyundai Motors reported 19% growth.

Two Wheelers registered minor growth of 1.85 % during April – December 2008.

However, Two Wheelers sales recorded 15.43 percent fall in December 2008 over the

same month last year. In two wheeler segment, Hero Honda has witnessed 10% fall

(215,931 units in Dec 2008) in sales as compared to December 2007 (240,532 units).

Bajaj Automobile has registered 33% fall in its over all two wheeler sells, compared to

last year. The company has reported 37% negative growth in bike sells.

Although the year 2008 saw a record launches of new products of various categories.

Maruti launched A Star, its new small segment car. Honda Motors launched the new

version of Honda city, its best selling sedan, also Civic Hybrid. Hyundai motor was not

also far behind, in the end of the year, Hyundai launched its much awaited sedan i20.

In Bikes segments, this year was full of happening. Yamaha introduced its two new hi-

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end models YZF & R15. Suzuki Motorcycle India also launched its legendary bike

Hayabusa & Intruder in Indian market.

Road Ahead- 2009

The Indian automobile market is expected to grow by 9%. Although the industry has

faced the brunt of recession, the sales figures of December’08 are the true indicator of

bang of global slow down. India with growing middle class, strong economy (although

recession has hit the economy, but to be on positive side, will come over soon) and

with trained workforce has a strong future of automobile industry. All the big foreign

players are eyeing on Indian market.

• Japanese company Nissan Motors has identified India as its global

manufacturing hub

• Hyundai has invested huge money in India and has positioned it as small car

manufacturing hub in the word

• General Motors, Mercedes –Benz, Skoda Auto, all have big plans for India and

will invest huge funds

It is sacrilege to say that the world economy has been undergoing with the huge crisis.

And automobile industry is not far behind in league. Undoubtedly, the coming time

would be a challenge for the automobile industry. Bike manufacturers have already

started facing the problems, loan & finance for new bike is not available easily in semi

urban & rural market. Banks and other financial institutions have baked out from

finance.

In spite of all these, this year will see a positive growth with some new launches of

cars & bikes. We should not forget the launch of much awaited Tata Nano which will

soon be seen on Indian roads. Bajaj Auto is planning to roll out 6 new bikes in the

year 2009. Hero Honda, Suzuki Motorcycle, Yamaha India, all is set to knock the

Indian market with their new products.

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I believe that Indian automobile industry is bit immune in comparison to its

competitors. Global big three, GM, Ford & Chrysler are not in good state of health, US

Govt. has released a bailout, Considering all these facts & current situations, we can

conclude the following :-

• Indian automobile industry may face the liquidity crunch in the upcoming

months. Few projects have already been on halt. For example, Honda Motors

has stopped work on its upcoming project in Rajasthan

• Sells may drop in the upcoming months as the finance for the new products

are easily not available. Motorcycle manufactures will face the brunt of financial

institutions unwillingness of providing loans to the smaller cities.

• The Government of India should make the norms and policies bit lenient like

making the loan process easier & affordable, asking the public sector banks to

cut the interest rates, etc.

Global Recession Hits Indian Auto Industry

Global recession has devastated the global auto industry with pinching effects on the

Indian auto industry. India is a strong and growing economy but the hit of recession

has put red marks on the entire balance sheet of the Indian economy.

Among the leading car manufacturers, General Motors and Ford were the first one to

file for bankruptcy. GM is struggling to stay alive and claims that the company has just

enough cash to continue its operations. Even the merger talks of GM and Chrysler

have been officially brought to a halt because of the liquidity crunch.

U.S sales have fallen down by 32% which has directly affected the Indian car industry

where GM has recorded a fall of 45%, Ford of 30% and Chrysler down by 35%. All the

three major car manufacturers have reported declined growth after the hit of

recession.

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After the industry experienced a heavy fall in the month of August due to inflation,

September proved to be a promising month with things setting out at the right place.

Then again the market went in the negative terrain swayed by the wind of recession.

October usually is considered to be the best month for car sales because of the festive

season. Unfortunately, this year it proved to be a curse for the Indian auto industry. At

one end of the spectrum, car manufacturers like Tata Motors, GM, Hyundai, Ford,

Renault, Mahindra, and Maruti Suzuki are investing huge amounts to establish new

production plants and line up launch of car models. At the other end of the spectrum,

SIAM has cut down the growth forecast of automotive sales from 12.5% to 9.5%.

This initiative taken by SIAM further forced few car manufacturers like Tata Motors

and Maruti Suzuki to cut down their production which further took away the job of

almost 300 workers. Even Mahindra-Renault reduced the number of production units

of their Logan.

In addition, the severe liquidity crunch in the U.S market has also forced many of the

car buyers to cut upgrades to bigger cars and many are pushed back from buying new

cars. With deteriorating car sales, even production has gone down to a great extent,

which has eventually put a negative impact on the auto component industry.

In October, overall car sales declined to about 9.05% over October 2007 and the car

production fell down to about 12.32%. Further to that even the month of November

was not successful in bringing some charm to the industry. Infect, November recorded

the steepest fall in car sales in the past five years.

Maruti Suzuki recorded a fall of 27%, Mahindra & Mahindra recorded a fall of about

40%, and Tata Motors showed 12% decline in the car sales.

It is also said that the recent Mumbai terror attack and the cyclonic rain in South India

have added to the woes of Indian car manufacturers.

India is one of the most promising car industries across the globe. It has gradually

strengthened its foothold in the international arena as well. The country is dealing with

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many car manufacturers, dealers, and associations in various different countries

including U.S. From some countries, India imports cars and car components and to

some India exports. With this, the global recession is obvious to have its impact on the

Indian car industry.

2. Introduction to the Organization

Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.

Established in December 1983, Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. has ushered a revolution in

the Indian car industry. This car is meant for an average Indian individual which is

affordable as well as has elegant appeal. Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. is the result of

collaboration of Maruti with Suzuki of Japan. At this time, the Indian car market had

stagnated at a volume of 30,000 to 40,000 cars for the decade ending 1983. This was

from where Maruti took over.

The company has crossed the milestone of becoming the first Indian company in

March 1994, by manufacturing in totalit y one million vehicles. It is known for its mass-

production and selling of more than a million cars. Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. is the

India's largest automobile company which entered in the market with affirmed aim to

render high quality fuel – efficient and low - cost vehicles.

Sales figure in the year 1993 has reached up to 1,96,820. Maruti comes in a variety of

models in the 800 segment. Its cars operate on Japanese technology, pliable to Indian

conditions and Indian car users. By the year 1998-99, the company has modernize the

existing facilities and expand its capacity by 1,00,000 units.

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Recently to ward off the growing competition, Maruti has completed Rs. 4 billion

expansion project at the current site, which has raised the total production capacity to

over 3,20,000 vehicles per annum. With the coming of each and every year, the total

production of the company exceed by 4,00,000 vehicles.

In the small car segment it produces the Maruti 800 and the Zen. The big car segment

includes the Maruti Esteem and the Maruti 1000. Along with them, the company also

manufactures Maruti Omni. Other models include Wagon R and the Baleno.

Headquarter in Gurgaon, on 17 September 2007; Maruti Udyog was renamed to

Maruti Suzuki India Limited. Both in terms of volume of vehicles sold and revenue

earned, the company is India's leading automobile manufacturers and the market

leader in the car segment. Sales recorded in June 2008, is Rs. 4,753.58 crores.

Now let’s have a look on Maruti’s products like Maruti 800, Omni, Wagon R,

Swift, Alto, Zen Estilo, Ritz, Gypsy, Esteem, A-star, SX4, Grand Vitara.

SMALL & MEDIUM CAR SEGMENT IN INDIA

Small cars are classified according to the price range which varies from 1

to 3 laks. It has the capacity to carry 4 passengers- 2 adults, 2 children.

These are basically entry level cars which are preferred by service group

and middle income group.

These cars are basically manufactured

by - Maruti Udyog and Reva. While

companies like Volkswagon and Reva

are yet to launch their models in the

market.

Maruti 800

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Driving with the high quality of fuel efficiency and economical purchasing price have

enhanced the popularity of the Maruti 800. Its lowest fuel consumption cost has made

this car forever better choice for the buyer.

Its easy accommodating small structure of 4.4 meters of radius has made it an user

friendly car. For its easy to park structure, it is very comfortable to parking anywhere,

even if the space is too little. It can be smoothly driven in an overcrowded street or in a

narrow lane.

Various safety features of Maruti 800 give assurance of secured driving to the buyer.

Here is an overview on few salient features of Maruti 800.

• Side impact beams

• Laminated windshield

• Additional body reinforcement

Other extra new features:

• Collapsible steering columns

• High mount stop lamp

• Clear lens Headlamps

• Front Grille

• Dual Tone interior upholstery

• Bharat stage III : Hi-tech 32 ECM and ultra-refined engine

• Suzuki budging

• Clear multi reflector headlights

• Attractive tail lamp

• Specifically placed crumple zone

There are three variants found in Maruti 800:

• Maruti 800 STD BS III

• Maruti 800 AC BS III

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• Maruti 800 Duo

Maruti 800 STD BS III

Its weight is 650kg. It is without Air-conditioner

Maruti 800 AC BS III

To give the comfort of an Air conditioner, especially during sultry summer days,

Maruti 800 is running its name as the low cost air-conditioned car. Its weight is

655kg.

Maruti 800 Std. & AC variants are available in Bharat Stage III version.

Maruti 800 Duo

Maruti 800 Duo runs both on petrol and LPG. With the soaring petrol prices, the

800 Duo is a great relief for the car users from the economic point of view. In

addition to this, being factory fitted it is completely safe to drive. As far as power

and performance is concerned, it delivers a power of 35ps@5000 rpm and torque

of 56Nm@2500 rpm.

Maruti Alto

Maruti Alto is one of the best selling car in India. It has included different new features

in it like clear lens headlamps, sparkling tail lamps, dynamic front grill and bumper,

stylish fabric, rotary control for AC etc.

Other features that are really important for

the comfort and safety of the passenger

are electronic power steering, excellent

services back up, convenient cup holders,

high rigid monocoque frame made of high

tensile steel, front and rear seat belts,

booster assisted brakes etc. Its better

mileage and low engine friction make this car most fuel efficient car in A2 segment

(petrol).

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It has three variants:

• Maruti Alto

• Maruti Alto Lx

• Maruti Alto Lxi

Maruti Alto

It has new features like front bumper,dynamic front grill, S mark, clear lens

headlamps, clear lens tail lamps etc.

Maruti Alto Lx

Along with the features that are present in Alto, there are many additional new

features like rotary control for AC, integrated rear seat head restraints etc.

Maruti Alto Lxi

Along with all the features that are present in Alto LX and Alto, another distinctive

extra feature included in this model is electronic power steering.

Maruti Omni

Maruti Omni can accompany anybody during the lazy holidays. Its seating capacity

can accommodate a group of people going for picnic or outing. Stylish, smart and

sporty looks of newly launched Maruti Omni is very comfortable. Its reclining and

sliding front seat, enough leg space and ample

headroom make it more spacious.

Its sleek sliding door and new side body graphics

are giving new taste to the car lovers. Apart from

this, smart new steering wheel, clear lens

headlamps and head lamp leveling device are

lining up to market this car properly.

With 37 bhp @ 500rpm and torque of 6.32 kgm @ 3000 rpm, this car is running strong

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over the years. MPFI engine fulfills all the Bharat III emission norms. The features that make this car safe and secure are like side impact door beams, thermoplastic bumpers, booster assisted disc brakes, secured seat belts, laminated glass winshield etc.

Turning radius of 4.1 m, Omni solves the purpose of narrow lane driving, keen turning and small space parking.

• 5 seater Maruti Omni

• 8 seater Maruti Omni

• LPG Maruti Omni

5 seater Maruti Omni

5 seater Maruti Omni has capacity to arrange seating for five. In 5 seater Maruti Omni

behind the front seats there is an arrangement for 3 seats in a row one after another.

8 seater Maruti Omni

8 seater Maruti Omni is with the accommodation facility for eight. In 8 seater Maruti

Omni behind the front’s seats there is a seating arrangement for two long seats to

accommodate six more occupants. Those both rear seats are arranged face to face

which give scope to gossip with each other while going for family picnic or friendly

freak out.

LPG Maruti Omni

LPG Maruti Omni is the most cost saving new car of the Maruti Omni.

Its 5 seater accommodation arrangement with LPG kit ( Vialle, Netherlands) fitted by

the factory keeps it noticeable to the buyers. It has capacity of 62.1 ltr LPG cylinder /

reserve fuel tank (petrol, 5 ltr). It runs with the power of 27bhp@ 4500rpm.

Maruti Zen Estilo

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Zen Estilo is Maruti's latest launch pad in the automobile sector. Estilo, Spanish word

for "style", radiates both Japanese simplicity

and European sophistication & is made

perfectly suitable for Indian roads. The car is

much more roomier than Zen & its plush &

sleek interiors impart a more royal touch to its

persona. Sporting a much larger engine of 1061

cc., the car's elevated size offers extra boot

space. Best feature boasts of its superior air

conditioning which eases the task of beating the

sultry summers.

With a capacity of 64 bhp. & a low-end torque of 84 nm (i.e. 3500 rpm), the new model

ensures the Indian market with a smooth & comfortable drive.

The car exhibiting fine upholstery matched up with its' color theme has an immense

stamina to sweep away the customer with its' elan appearance. Other salient

characteristics include: Modern design, Two tone color design, Redesign seats.

Other Features

Maruti Zen Estilo has a series of other plus points which makes is an instant hit among

Indian buyers. They are:

* spacious

* Handy driver's side airbag

* Rear defogger, tachometer & ABS

* Electronic power steering

* Black bumpers

* Hatchbacks

* Dual tone theme

There are three variants found in this car:-

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• Maruti Zen Estilo Lx

• Maruti Zen Estilo Lxi

• Maruti Zen Estilo Vxi

Maruti Zen Estilo Lx

This model has certain specific points such as no body colored side or back door

handles, outside door mirrors, accessory socket. Though, it has rear door child lock &

steering lock.

Maruti Zen Estilo Lxi

This variant of Estilo is almost the same like its other model LX. It has body colored

bumpers & back door handles. Though, it is fully air conditioned like others & has

numerous other qualities.

Maruti Zen Estilo Vxi

Estilo Vxi bosts of almost all the benefits, thus, fitting easily in the ultra modern

automobile category. The model has an electrical adjustable ORVM, side door

handles, outside door mirrors & a host of other plus points. Though, certain features

are optional in it which are:

* SRS airbag (driver side)

Maruti Swift

Competing with the other cars of Maruti,

Maruti Swift is gradually making its position in

the world of mid-sized family car. Maruti Swift

has come up with the special technical

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specifications of 16 valve 4-cylinder, 1300 cc engine generating power of solid 87bhp

@ 6000 rpm. Maruti swift is equipped with various safety features and well advanced

equipments.

There are four variants in this car:

• Swift LXi

• Swift VXi

• Swift ZXi

• Swift Diesel'Ldi'

• Swift Diesel 'Vdi'

Swift LXi

3 assist grips, 3 spoke urethane steering wheel, antenna, cabin light (3 position),

console box (lower), cup holders (front 2, rear1), front door trim pockets, green tinted

glass window, halogen headlamps, headlamp leveling device, heater and manual Air

conditioning, OVRM (internally adjusted), rear fog lamps, wind screen wiper 2 speed

plus 1 speed intermittent, tailgate opener key type, trip meter (digital display), sun

visors (both sides), brake assist , child lock (rear door), high mounted stop lamp,

power steering, rear seat belts etc. are the features available in this model.

Swift VXi

Apart from the features found in other model, striking features of this model are black

colored A & B pillars, 12v accessory socket in center console, day and night rear view

mirror, door ajar warming lamp, driver's seatbelt warning lamp, tachometer, driver's

seat belt warning lamp, vanity mirrors (sun visor co-driver side), rear seat head

restraints, fabric accented door trims, central door locking (4 door), front and rear

electronic windows, front fog lamps, light off/ key reminder, manual air-conditioning,

key not removed warning buzzer, etc.

Swift ZXi

Special features that have made this model more market friendly are rear window

demister, rear parcel shelf, rear window wiper, room lamp and luggage room, keyless

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entry,dual front airbags, colored outside door mirror cowls, colored outside door

handles, 12v accessory socket in luggage room, driver seat height adjuster, central

door locking (5 doors), seat belts 3-point ELR with shoulder adjusters, seat belts front

3-point ELR with pretensioning,tailgate opener electromagnetic type etc.

Maruti Swift Diesel

Before making a buying decision for a car, comfort is always the first priority that we

usually look for. Make no compromises with your comforts, as 'Maruti Swift Diesel'

incorporates the best comfort features which any swanky car does have these days.

There are two variants this car:

• Maruti Swift Diesel'Ldi' • Maruti Swift Diesel 'Vdi'

Maruti Swift Diesel'Ldi'

Right from power steering to antenna and manual air conditioning to heater, you

would get maximum comfort level with this 'Ldi' model. As far as safety and security is

concerned, it comes with child lock (rear door), side impact beams and the icats. In

addition to this, it has cabin light in three positions, sports-type spherical shift knob,

sun visors on both sides, 3 assist grips and lots more inside the car.

Maruti Swift Diesel 'Vdi'

Apart from all those features mentioned with the Ldi, you can get front and rear

electric windows and central door locking in the comfort segment. On the other hand,

the Vanity mirrors, day/night rearview mirror, head restraints (rear seat) and 12V

accessory socket in central console are also some of the extra features which are

found inside the car. he additional external features include colored door mirror cowls

and handles, front fog lamps and 165/80 R14 steel wheels with cap (tubeless)

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Maruti Wagon R

Wagon R with its 1061cc low friction engine does not only run, but always fly high with

its super power of 64bhp@6200rpm and faster acceleration. Its smooth pick up has

made this car more popular than other cars in this category.

Its on board computer of 16 bit capacity always keeps an eyes on the performance of

the engine. Its engine configuration of 4 valves per cylinder capacity keeps its fuel

consumption lower than other cars. Its Dual Distribution less Digital Ignition (DDLI)

gives better start and ideal power distribution. At the same time its mileage of 14.15

kmpl and other features make it more reliable car to the buyer.

There are four variants in this car:-

• Wagon R Lx• Wagon R Lxi• Wagon R Vxi• Wagon R Ax• Wagon R Duo

Wagon R Lx

It is well equipped with chrome plated grille, clear headlamps and tail lamps, right

outside rear view mirror, front wiper (2 speed + intermittent), new plush upholstery, air

conditioner with heater, full flat front seat, remote fuel lid opener, new headlamp

leveling device etc.

Wagon R Lxi

Along with the features that are present in WagonR LXi, few exclusive features

present in this model are central door locking (all 5 doors), electronic power steering,

roof rails, newly added body colored bumpers, right outside rear view mirrors etc.

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Wagon R Vxi

Apart from the features that are present in WagonR LXi ,few exclusive special features

are only available in this model like side molding, front power window, rear defogger,

full wheel covers, boot lamp, day/ night rear view mirror, electronic tachometer, “Key

Not Removed” warning buzzer, “Lights On” warning buzzer, vanity mirror, newly

added accessory socket, two tone leather steering wheel cover; newly added anti lock

braking system (ABS), dual SRS airbags, key less entry etc.

Wagon R AX

Along with the common features that are present in other models, this model contains

special features like right and left outside rear view mirror, new added roof rails etc.

Wagon R Duo

This extremely dynamic and vibrant variant of WagonR is flooded with all the latest

technologies and features not only externally but internally too. As the name itself

suggests, it has been designed to run on both petrol as well as the CNG mode

whichever ways you want it to be. The car has got some latest modifications such as 3

spoke steering, matching door trim fabric and much more. It has been stuffed with

some highly safety features such as intelligent computerized anti theft system

(iCATS), dual SRS air bags that minimizes the force of impact on passengers during

jerks, and crumple zone. Apart from Maruti Suzuki, for my researches I have to study

some other company through secondary resource .these are as follow . . .

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HYUNDAI INDIA LTD

Hyundai Motor India Ltd.

Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor

Company, South Korea and is the second largest car manufacturer and the largest

passenger car exporter from India. HMIL presently markets 33 variants of passenger

cars across segments. The Santro in the B segment, the Getz Prime, i10 and the

Premium hatchback i20 in the B+ segment, the Accent and the Verna in the C

segment, the Sonata Embera in the E segment and the Tucson in the SUV segment.

Hyundai Motor India Ltd, continuing with its tradition of being the fastest growing

passenger car manufacturer, registered total sales of 489,328 vehicles in the calendar

year (CY) 2008, an increase of 49.6 percent over CY 2007. In the domestic market it

clocked a growth of 22.4 percent with 245387 units in 2008, while overseas sales

grew by 92.5 percent, with exports accounting for 243,931 units in 2008.

HMIL's fully integrated state-of-the-art manufacturing plant near Chennai boasts of the

most advanced production, quality and tee sting capabilities in the country. In

continuation of its commitment to provide the Indian customer with global technology,

HMIL commissioned its second plant in February 2008 which produces an additional

300,000 units per annum, raising HMIL's total production capacity to 600,000 units per

annum.

HMIL has invested to expand capacity in line with its positioning as HMC's global

export hub for compact cars. Apart from the expansion of production capacity, HMIL

currently has 251 strong dealer networks across India, which will be further bolstered

in 2009.

In 2008, HMIL also successfully completed 10 glorious years of operations in India

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and to commemorate its achievements, initiated a unique trans-continental drive from

Delhi to Paris in two of its hugely popular i10 Kappa cars. The drive created

automobile history by completing a distance of 10,000km in just 17 days after which

the i10s were showcased at the Paris Motor Show in October. In fact it was at the

Paris Motor Show that HMIL first unveiled the Hyundai i20 and the car received a

phenomenal response from the auto enthusiasts across the world. Hyundai Motor

India also accomplished the landmark of producing the fastest 20th lakh cars in India

in 2008.

Like 2008, the year 2007 had also been a significant year for Hyundai Motor India. It

achieved a significant milestone by rolling out the fastest 400,000th export car.

Hyundai exported to over 95 countries globally; even as it plans to continue its thrust

in existing export markets, it is gearing up to step up its foray into new markets. 2007

also saw the launch of the i10 and yet another path-breaking record in its young

journey by rolling out the fastest 1,500,000th car.

Hyundai's new model i10 made a clean sweep of all the 'Car of the Year 2008' awards

from the leading automotive magazines and TV channels like BS Motoring, CNBC-

TV18 AutoCar, NDTV Profit Car & Bike India and Overdrive magazine. The i10 was

also the choice of the discerning automotive media of the country as they conferred

the prestigious 'Indian Car of the Year' (ICOTY) award to the i10 as well.

The Santro and the Accent also received the 'TNS Voice of the Customer - 2008'

award for the Premium Compact Car (Santro) and the Entry Mid size Car (Accent). In

March 2008 it achieved yet another milestone by rolling out the fastest 500,000th

export car.

In 2007, the Hyundai Verna had also bagged some of the most prestigious awards

starting with the Overdrive magazine’s ‘Car of the Year 2007’, the ‘Best Mid-size Car

of the Year’ award from NDTV Profit Car & Bike India, the ‘Best Value for Money Car’

from CNBC Autocar and 'Performance Car of the Year' from Business Standard

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Motoring.

Hyundai cars have been a favorite at all awards ceremonies and has won many

awards. The Sonata Embera won the 'Executive Car of The Year 2006' award from

Business Standard Motoring magazine and NDTV Profit Car & Bike India had

declared the Tucson as the 'SUV of The Year 2006'.

Not only this, HMIL has also been awarded the benchmark ISO 14001 certification for

its sustainable environment management practices.

About HMC

Established in 1967, Hyundai Motor Co. has grown into the Hyundai-Kia Automotive

Group which was ranked as the world’s fifth-largest automaker in 2007 and includes

over two dozen auto-related subsidiaries and affiliates. Employing over 75,000 people

worldwide, Hyundai Motor posted sales of US$74.9 billion in 2007 on a consolidated-

basis and US$32.8 billion on a non-consolidated basis (using the average currency

exchange of 929 won per US dollar). Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries

through some 6,000 dealerships and showrooms.

Corporate website: www.hyundai.co.in

Hyundai i10

The Hyundai Motor group takes a new plunge in the market by launching the most

dynamic and vibrant car called Hyundai i10. Designed with all the latest technologies

and luxurious features inside, it can become the fantasy of any car lover. It has been

designed in the most extraordinary and inventive way that can cater to the needs of a

modern day customer in a efficient way. It consists of streamline body-line and

waistline molding that lends it a sporty look.

It has also been stylized with a Sun Roof that can offer its users with a feel of fresh air

while driving. It do consist of Tailgate and Rear Washer Wiper that solves the problem

of visibility during rainy days and makes it crystal clear. The same type of luxurious

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design has been carried forward in the interior as well. It has a Rotary type AC Vents

that can give you a cooling comfort in summers and I-shift that makes the changing of

gears an easy task. Keeping safety as the major concern, it has been couched with all

the safety features like Dual Air bags with seatbelt Pretentioners that can give instant

protection at times of accident and Multi Reflector Fog Lamp that ensures maximum

visibility during adverse weather conditions.

Variants

• Hyundai 1.1 iRDE

• Hyundai i10 Kappa

Hyundai 1.1 iRDE

The new generation muscle power of Hyundai 1.1 iRDE is equipped with latest

technology and evident in the high performance car beating the best. i10 takes this

image of Hyundai miles ahead with its immense efficiency and intelligent responsive

drive engine. This variant is a 1.1 L powerhouse with optimally designed ECU that

yields an output level perfect for the car. 1.1iRDE has some special standard features

Outside Rear View Mirror, Tinted Glass, Clear Headlamps & Rear Combination Lamp.

Hyundai iRDE is available in three models :

• D-lite

• Era

• Magna

Hyundai i10 Kappa

Hyundai has launched its popular small car, the Hyundai i10, with a new 1.2 liter

engine which it calls the Kappa. It is a new fuel V saving power unit. This

ergonomically designed car uses new technologies that cut weight to boost fuel

economy. The Kappa engine is an aluminum block, four-cylinder engine that features

double overhead cam shaft and breathes through 16 valves. This car features all top

end features sunroof, 2-Din audio system, a unique red pack for the Sportz interiors

and some class leading safety features like anti-lock braking system (ABS) and dual

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airbags.

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Hyundai i20

Price range – Rs 4.5 to 6 lacks.

Hyundai i20 is the new epitome of the modern premium compact, the perfect

combination of fresh ideas, novel solutions and top technology. The alluring Hyundai

i20 is economical, comprised with sharp and stylish features and is very spacious.

This car is like a complete package available with optimum comfort, safety and

reliability. Along with eye catching exterior characteristics, the interior is also

outstandingly designed with the usage of superior quality material. Hyundai i20 is

incorporated with high levels of comfort and diversified convenience features like aux-

in and USB port, cool glove box, adjustable and power driven steering wheel, kappa

engine and manual transmission. In its segment, i20 is one of the safest model in the

market integrated with ABS with EBD and dual front, side and curtain airbags. Some

essential characteristics of Hyundai i20 are :

• Fuel Tank capacity (liters) – 45

• No. of cylinders - 4

• Maximum Power (ps/rpm) - 80 / 5200

• Maximum Torque (kgm/rpm) - 11.4 / 4000

• Type - 5-Speed Manual

Variants:-

• Hyundai i20 MAGNA

• Hyundai i20 ASTA

• Hyundai i20 ASTA (O)

Hyundai i20 MAGNA

This model is equipped with many striking features like Child-Safety Rear Door Locks,

Central Locking (5 DR), RHD Controls, Immobiliser, Rear Parcel Tray, Body Coloured

Side Door Handles and bumpers, Ash Tray, Glove Box Cooling, Coat Hook,

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Tachometer, Low Fuel Warning, Door & Tailgate Ajar Warning, Battery saver, 60:40

Rear Seat Folding, Clutch Foot Rest, Cigar Lighter, Luggage Lamp, Audio Input -

Auxiliary & USB and Roof Antenna.

Hyundai i20 ASTA

Along with few prominent features included in the magna model, this variant

comprises Front Seat belt Pretensioner, Rear door locks, Central Locking (5 DR),

Keyless Entry with Folding Key, Front - Fog Lamps, ABS with EBD, Front Dual

Airbags, Alloy Wheels, 4 Speakers with 2 Front Tweeters, Passenger Side Seat Back

Pocket, Centre Console Tray, Leather Wrapped & Chrome finish TGS Knob, Leather

Wrapped Steering Wheel, Seat Belt Warning (All 5 seats), Height Adjustable Driver

Seat, FATC Air Conditioner with Heater, Electrically Adjustable ORVM and folding

ORVM and Steering Audio Remote.

Hyundai i20 ASTA (O)

Including all features of ASTA model, this variant also consists Side & Curtain Airbags.

Hyundai Accent

Hyundai Accent was ceremonially launched at Frankfurt International Motors Show on

15 September, 1999. It came in two versions, i.e. Petrol and Diesel Versions in India

initially, while in Europe it was introduced only with the Petrol version. Initially Accent

came up with the manual transmission which in turn started getting available in

automatic transmission. The car was powered by 1.5 litre, 94 bhp engine.

• Hyundai Accent GLE

• Hyundai Accent GLS

• Hyundai Accent Viva

• Hyundai Accent Viva CRDi

• Hyundai Accent CRDi

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Hyundai Accent GLE

This model has many distinctive features like 60:40 split folding rear seats, automatic

trunk lamps, body colored door handles, bumper with or without molding, door trims

and consoles, high mounted stop lamps (HMSL), Mist (one stoke wiper blades), semi

cloth upholstery, trip odometer, rear license garnish, waistline molding, wiper (3 no. of

speed), cross bar under dash board, crumple zone, dual horn, engine sub frame etc.

Hyundai Accent GLS

Features that are striking in this models are tinted glass, remote boot release, split

rear seats, tachometer, remote fuel cap release, sun visors with vanity mirror, power

telescopic antenna, luxury full cloth upholstery, energy absorbing collapsible steering

column, full size wheel cover etc.

Hyundai Accent Viva

Accent Viva has some special features which are making this model more and more

popular to the buyers. Its popular features are like full fabric door trims, front fog

lamps, dual member side impact, and protection beams etc.

Hyundai Accent Viva CRDi

This model with its advanced comfort and safety equipments are running strong in the

market. The highlighting features that are not very common in other models are map

reading lamps (front/ rear), trunk lamps (automatic), glove box (with lock), foot rest,

coat hook, audio 4 speaker CD changer, leather wrapped gear shaft knob, cross bar

under dashboard, dual horn etc.

Hyundai Accent CRDi

This model is well equipped with various safety and comfort features like body colored

bumpers, full door arm rest, heater and air-conditioner, tinted glass, vanity mirror LH,

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tachometer, power steering and power windows, front and rear speakers, dual-

member side impact beams, rear seat belts, rear defogger, day and night mirror, fog

lamps, full size wheel covers etc.

Hyundai Getz Prime

Getz Prime is one of the most esteemed brands of Hyundai Motors, India, with which

they are again trying to monopolize their hold on the automotive sector. The newest

version of the Getz has captured the hearts of all car connoisseurs yearning for style

with grace. Giving tough competition to all leading auto brands, Getz Prime is

available with two petrol engine options, 1100 cc and 1300 cc. With a competitive

price, the lucrative brand has many highlighted features such as an all new hep look

projected in a bit more rounded shape & modern in nature. Adorned gracefully with a

larger & sleekly designed glasshouse, Hyundai's latest venture is surely going to give

others a run for their money.

Variant

Getz Prime from Hyundai is available in four variants, almost alike but differing in

some or the other points. These are popularly:

• Getz Prime 1.1 GLE

• Getz Prime 1.1 GVS

• Getz Prime 1.3 GLS

• Getz Prime 1.3 GLX

Hyundai Getz Prime 1.1 GLE & 1.1 GVS

Hyundai Getz Prime 1.1 GLE & Hyundai Getz Prime 1.1 GVS are almost same

models. Though they differ from the other two variants in following manner:

• 995 is their kerb weight (Kg)

• 1086 as displacement (cc)

• 66.6/5500 is the maximum engine power (ps/rpm)

• 10.4/3200, the max. torque (kgm/rpm)

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• 155/80 R13 as tyre size.

Hyundai Getz Prime 1.3 GLS & 1.3 GLX

Hyundai Getz Prime 1.3 GLS & Hyundai Getz Prime 1.3 GLX, on the other hand are almost similar in their features.

• 1012-1033 is the kerb weight (Kg)

• 1341 as displacement (cc)

• 82.9/5,500 is the maximum engine power (ps/rpm)

• 11.8/3200 as max. torque (kgm/rpm)

Though the tyre size differ in both. While 1.3 GLS has 175/70 R13 (GLS) as size type,

1.3 GLX is marked with 175/65 R14 (GLX) size type.

Hyundai Santro

In the field of mid size car, Santro Xing is capturing the market very rapidly. Its design,

style, space and other special features has made it one of the highest purchasable car

among any economy class.

It has five variants:

• Santro XK • Santro XK (Non AC) • Santro XL • Santro XO • Santro AT • Santro CNG

Santro XK

Along with the other features that are present in Santro XK (Non AC), other features

present in this model are air conditioner, day and night inside rear view mirror,

chrome1 radiator grille etc.

Santro XK (Non AC)

This model of Santro is without Air-conditioner. It has features like dual side impact

beams, standard inside rear view mirror, clear head and rear lamps, half wheel cover,

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S vinyl molded roof lining, 2 cup holders, seating capacity of 5, semi cloth upholstery,

chrome1 radiator grille, B and C pillar trims, low fuel warning etc.

Santro XL

Along with the features available in Santro XK, added features in this model are 4

doors CLS, passenger side OVRM, tinted glass, map pocket front door driver side,

front door full size arm rest, door trim with fabric insert, hydraulic power steering,

power windows (front) etc.

Santro XO

Along with the features present in other models, there are some special features

present exclusively in this model like B/C bumper, waistline molding, chrome2 radiator

grille, rear parcel tray, deluxe floor console, exclusive molded door trim, driver side

seat under tray, internally adjustable OVRMs, rear wiper and washer, rear defogger,

passenger side vanity mirror etc.

Santro AT

Excluding the special features in other models , Santro AT has almost all the common

features of other models.

Santro CNG

Hyundai Motor India adds to its glitter by launching Santro CNG thus making it even

more economical and eco-friendly car. This new variant of Santro offers its buyers with

one more option to muse over because of its estimated low running cost of only

Rs.1/km thus increasing the savings of the consumer up to 60- 70% . To ensure the

better safety, CNG kits contains advanced Lambda control system to provide Euro III

emission norms. The car also has an optional manual selector switch which makes the

user to make a choice between gasoline or CNG. The CNG on-board cylinder has an

approximate capacity of 12 kg with a 2 year warranty on CNG kit and its fitments.

37

Hyundai Verna

The clean, modern and trendy texture of the Verna portrays itself as an object of

panache. Rich in style and swift in movement, makes Verna the ultimate symbol of

elegance. Verna is although a medium segment luxury sedan, however it has well

been crafted in a way that it projects a very sporty look on itself. The below mentioned

traits of Verna in the domain of luxury, comfort and design is such that it could

impeccably create a sensation amongst every generation.

Salient features

• Integrated wrap around headlights

• Micro antenna

• Led high mounted stop lamp

• 5.5J x 14" Alloy wheel

• Gauge cluster and trip computer

• Portable ash tray

• Ample storage space

• Rear center and seat armrests

• Adjustable power steering wheel

• Fully automatic temperature control

• Bigger disc brakes

Models

• Verna i (Petrol)

• Verna Xi (Petrol)

• Verna XXi (Petrol)

Verna i (Petrol)

It comes with 2 tone interiors, power window/steering, central locking system and an

ample internal storage space.

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Verna Xi (Petrol)

This version has an exclusive front seat center armrest along with seat back pockets

and seat back hook. It also has an additional feature of a dual height adjustable driver

seat.

Verna XXi (Petrol)

This version comes with the alloy wheels along with the leather wrapped steering

wheel. It also has a luggage net and a trip computer dedicated to this version only. It

also comes with the option of ABS (anti-lock braking system).

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TATA MOTORS LTD.

Tata Motors Ltd.

Tata Motors Limited is India’s largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs.

35651.48 crores (USD 8.8 billion) in 2007-08. It is the leader in commercial vehicles

in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles with winning

products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is

the world’s fourth largest truck manufacturer, and the world’s second largest bus

manufacturer.

The company’s 23,000 employees are guided by the vision to be “best in the manner

in which we operate, best in the products we deliver, and best in our value system

and ethics.”

Established in 1945, Tata Motors’ presence indeed cuts across the length and

breadth of India. Over 4 million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first

rolled out in 1954. The company’s manufacturing base in India is spread across

Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar

(Uttarakhand) and Dharwad (Karnataka). Following a strategic alliance with Fiat in

2005, it has set up an industrial joint venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at

Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat power

trains. The company is establishing a new plant at Sanand (Gujarat). The company’s

dealership, sales, services and spare parts network comprises over 3500 touch

points; Tata Motors also distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India.

Tata Motors, the first company from India’s engineering sector to be listed in the New

York Stock Exchange (September 2004), has also emerged as an international

automobile company. Through subsidiaries and associate companies, Tata Motors

has operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand and Spain. Among them is Jaguar

Land Rover, a business comprising the two iconic British brands that was acquired in

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2008. In 2004, it acquired the Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, South

Korea’s second largest truck maker. The rechristened Tata Daewoo Commercial

Vehicles Company has launched several new products in the Korean market, while

also exporting these products to several international markets. Today two-thirds of

heavy commercial vehicle exports out of South Korea are from Tata Daewoo. In

2005, Tata Motors acquired a 21% stake in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish

bus and coach manufacturer, with an option to acquire the remaining stake as well.

Hispano’s presence is being expanded in other markets. In 2006, it formed a joint

venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, a global leader in body-building for buses

and coaches to manufacture fully-built buses and coaches for India and select

international markets. In 2006, Tata Motors entered into joint venture with Thonburi

Automotive Assembly Plant Company of Thailand to manufacture and market the

company’s pickup vehicles in Thailand. The new plant of Tata Motors (Thailand) has

begun production of the Xenon pickup truck, with the Xenon having been launched in

Thailand at the Bangkok Motor Show 2008.

Tata Motors is also expanding its international footprint, established through exports

since 1961. The company’s commercial and passenger vehicles are already being

marketed in several countries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South East Asia,

South Asia and South America. It has franchisee/joint venture assembly operations

in Kenya, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Russia and Senegal.

The foundation of the company’s growth over the last 50 years is a deep

understanding of economic stimuli and customer needs, and the ability to translate

them into customer-desired offerings through leading edge R&D. With over 2,500

engineers and scientists, the company’s Engineering Research Centre, established

in 1966, has enabled pioneering technologies and products. The company today has

R&D centres in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, in India, and in South Korea, Spain,

and the UK. It was Tata Motors, which developed the first indigenously developed

Light Commercial Vehicle, India’s first Sports Utility Vehicle and, in 1998, the Tata

Indica, India’s first fully indigenous passenger car. Within two years of launch, Tata

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Indica became India’s largest selling car in its segment. In 2005, Tata Motors created

a new segment by launching the Tata Ace, India’s first indigenously developed mini-

truck

In January 2008, Tata Motors unveiled its People’s Car, the Tata Nano, which India

and the world have been looking forward to. The Tata Nano has been subsequently

launched, as planned, in India in March 2009. A development, which signifies a first

for the global automobile industry, the Nano brings the comfort and safety of a car

within the reach of thousands of families. The standard version has been priced at

Rs.100,000 (excluding VAT and transportation cost).

Designed with a family in mind, it has a roomy passenger compartment with

generous leg space and head room. It can comfortably seat four persons. Its mono-

volume design will set a new benchmark among small cars. Its safety performance

exceeds regulatory requirements in India. Its tailpipe emission performance too

exceeds regulatory requirements. In terms of overall pollutants, it has a lower

pollution level than two-wheelers being manufactured in India today. The lean design

strategy has helped minimize weight, which helps maximize performance per unit of

energy consumed and delivers high fuel efficiency. The high fuel efficiency also

ensures that the car has low carbon dioxide emissions, thereby providing the twin

benefits of an affordable transportation solution with a low carbon footprint.

The years to come will see the introduction of several other innovative vehicles, all

rooted in emerging customer needs. Besides product development, R&D is also

focusing on environment-friendly technologies in emissions and alternative fuels.

Through its subsidiaries, the company is engaged in engineering and automotive

solutions, construction equipment manufacturing, automotive vehicle components

manufacturing and supply chain activities, machine tools and factory automation

solutions, high-precision tooling and plastic and electronic components for

automotive and computer applications, and automotive retailing and service

operations.

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True to the tradition of the Tata Group, Tata Motors is committed in letter and spirit to

Corporate Social Responsibility. It is a signatory to the United Nations Global

Compact, and is engaged in community and social initiatives on labour and

environment standards in compliance with the principles of the Global Compact. In

accordance with this, it plays an active role in community development, serving rural

communities adjacent to its manufacturing locations.

With the foundation of its rich heritage, Tata Motors today is etching a refulgent

future.

Tata Indigo

Indigo with its market catching features like leather upholstery, beige interiors, LCD

screen etc has made its position in the automobile industry.

Indigo is available in Petrol and Diesel models.

• Petrol Variants

o Indigo GLS

o Indigo GLX

• Diesel Variants

o Indigo LX

o Indigo LS

• Dicor Variants

o Indigo LS Dicor

o Indigo LX Dicor

Petrol Variants

Petrol engine gives maximum of 85PS @ 5500rpm with 32 bit micro processor. It

gives maximum torque of 11 kgm @ 3000rpm.

Indigo GLE

43

It is equipped with various features like manual power steering, manual front and rear

windows, grey bumpers, half wheel covers, partial fabric lining on seat, molded roof

lining, high mounted stop lamp etc.

44

Indigo GLS

This model also has various features like digital clock, anti-glare rear view mirror,

cabin lamp with spot reading lamp (front and rear) etc.

Indigo GLX

To mention few of the features present in this model along with the features of rest of

the two models, there are available power steering and power windows, rear fog

lamps, rub rails on door, full wheel covers, both sides outer rear view mirrors, rear

defogger, central locking, audio warning signal for driver seat belt and many more.

Diesel Variants

It has maximum power output of 70PS @ 4500rpm and maximum torque of 13.52 kgm

@2500 rpm. It has turbo-charged Indirect Ignition Diesel engine with inter cooler

facility.

Indigo LX

It has various features like power steering and power windows (front and rear), full

wheel covers, body colored bumpers, rub rails on door, full fabric lining on seats,

molded roof lining, central locking, rear defogger, high mounted stop lamp, audio

warning signal for driver seat belt etc.

Indigo LS

It has various features like manual front and rear windows, partial fabric lining, fabric

insert door pads, anti-submarine front seats etc.

Dicor Variants

The DICOR (common rail diesel) version of Tata Indigo is available in two variants

which has already hit th bull's eyes. The beefy & bony structured sedan has the

capacity to deliver maximum torque of 140Nm @ 1800 - 3000 rpm. The Indigo Dicor

from Tata Motors has been made apt for Indian roads especially with its driver & co

passengers oriented positive attributes such as :

• Anti-submarine front seats

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• New electronic instrument cluster with engine RPM meter

• Rear Seat with double folding backrest

• Video player with MP3: with headrest mounted LCD screens

• 1.4-litre as rail diesel engine

Indigo LS Dicor

Tata Indigo LS Dicor features manually operated outer rear view mirror, black dials,

& Benz silver as the new pattern for console & AC fascia. It has no mounted LCD

screens.

Indigo LX Dicor

Tata Indigo LX Dicor on the other hand features manually operated with chrome strip

outer rear view window, black dials with chrome rings & star check as the new

pattern for its console & AC fascia.

Tata Indigo XL

Price range: 5.2 to 7.7 lakhs

Tata Indigo XL is the latest model to have hit the booming auto sector. Well equipped

with cutting edge technological inputs, the car has created a stir with its sleek design &

special features. Tata motors have definitely come up with one of their best models

ever in according with the international standards. This car is luxurious, classy,

attractive and quiet spacious in nature. Also, this car creates an instant impact on any

true car lover with its refined interiors, upholstery and equipment levels.

Features:

Tata Indigo XL is equipped with excellent high end characteristics like:

• 32 bit microprocessor

• 1396 cc , 16 valve engine

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• Power of 100 PS

• 200 mm wheel base

• Fuel tank capacity: 42 ltrs.

Variants:

• Tata Indigo Classic:

• Tata Indigo Grand :

Tata Indigo Classic

This variant is available in both petrol and Dicor engines, equipped with certain

characteristics such as:

• Rear AC console

• Power windows

• Multi focal reflector

• Chrome inserted doors

• 6 way manual adjustable seats

• Steel wheel rim with wheel cap

Tata Indigo Grand

Besides features available in classic variant this car is available with assorted and

some distinguished characteristics such as :

• Integrated seat mounted LCD screens and DVD player

• Advanced car kit

• Voice tag activation

• Audio line out

• Ignition sense detection

• 6 way powered adjustable seats

• 9 spoke alloy wheels

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Tata Indigo Marina

Indigo Marina being one of the market catching car in the category of utility vehicles is

the perfect blend of luxury and space.

It is categorized according to the fuel used in this car :

• Indigo Marina LS-Diesel

• Indigo Marina -Petrol

o Indigo Marina GLS

o Indigo Marina GLX

• Indigo Marina LX DICOR

Indigo Marina–Diesel

This category car is with turbocharged 1405cc indirect ignition diesel engine having

capacity of maximum output of 70PS @ 4500 rpm and maximum torque of 13.5

kgm@ 2500 rpm.

Indigo Marina LS

It has various advanced features like front and rear cabin lamp with spot reading lamp,

aluminum gear shift knob, HVAC system, 4 spoke wheel, manual rear and front

windows, body colored bumpers, black door handles, roof rails, rub rails on door, full

wheel covers, digital clock, partial fabric seats, retractable luggage cover, side impact

beams, collapsible steering column etc.

Indigo Marina –Petrol

Fully equipped with 32 bit micro processor and 1405 cc MPFI Petrol engine, this

variant delivers maximum power of 85 PS @ 5500 rpm and maximum torque of

11kgm @ 3000 rpm.

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Indigo Marina GLS

This model along with the features of Indigo Marina GLE comes with various other

features like HVAC system, aluminum gear shift knob, 4 spoke wheel, power steering,

body colored bumpers, rub rails on door, full wheel covers, stylish grip and cover for

hand brake lever etc.

Indigo Marina GLX

Indigo Marina GLX is equipped with several added features apart from the features of

Indigo Marina GLS like front and rear central locking, leather wrapped gear shift knob,

rear ash tray, 4 spoke beige leather wrapped wheel, power windows, body colored

door handles, AC fascia with cubic print, engine compartment lamp, overhead utility

box, beige full fabric seats, front and rear fog lamps, rear defogger, rear washer and

wiper etc.

Indigo Marina LX Dicor

The new Dicor version of Tata Indigo Marina is in many ways similar to the Tata

Indigo's Dicor version. Exhibiting a new head with an intake system, the classy sedan

can yield maximum power of 70 PS /4000 rpm with its 32-bit microprocessor based

comprising of 1366 cc DICOR (Direct Injection Common Rail), 16-valve engine

featuring the Dual Over Head Camshafts and a Variable Geometry Turbocharger

(VGT).

Other Features

• Maximum torque of 140 NM @ 1800-3000 rpm

• Scuff plates for front, rear & for tail gate sill

• Low level fuel and high coolant temperature indicator

• Anti-submarine type front seats

• Audio warnings-'key in-door open' & 'key out-door open-

• Audio-visual warning for driver's seat belt.

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Tata Indica

Incorporating the attributes of three best selling cars, Tata Indica has made its own

mark in the fierce market of motor segment. Making of Tata Indica Car with the

concept of main distinguishing features of three popular cars i.e., with the overall

structure of Maruti Zen, interior space like Ambassador and cost nearly to Maruti 800

was a challenging venture for Tata Motors. Its fully foldable rear seat has made this

car more accommodating for extra luggage. Conception from Italian design house,

I.D.E.A and TUD 5 Peugeot power plant, Tata Indica is known for its striking features

like tea drop highlights and bisson tail lamps. For safe and secure driving and to give

proper comfort, side-impact beams, rigid monochrome frame and child safety locks

are attached to this car.

Different Tata Indica models are:

• Tata Indica Vista (Rs. 3.5 to 4.5 lacs)*

• Tata Indica V2 (Rs. 3 to 4 lacs)*

o DLS

o DLE

• Tata Indica V2 Xeta (Rs. 2.5 to 4 lacs)* o GL o GLX o GLG o GLS o GLE

• Tata Indica V2 Turbo (Rs. 3.5 to 5 lacs)* o DLS o DLG o DLX

• Tata Indica V2 Dicor (Rs. 4 to 4.5 lacs)* o DLS o DLG

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Tata Indica Vista

New looks of Tata Indica Vista makes turn heads as well as driving this car is a fresh

new experience. It is equipped with power steering, front power windows and is also

available in three new engines with new gear boxes. Three elements are there in new

Indica Vista known as Terra, Aqua and Aura. This car changes the way you look at

style, comfort, performance and

Tata Indica V2

Tata Indica V2 with its special features and appealing looks is capturing market

rapidly.

There are two models for Tata Indica V2 :-

DLS

With power steering and other features like internally adjustable OVRM, sill valence,

body colored bumpers, and the wheel arch flair have made this car comfortable and

secured for driving.

DLE

Adjustable internally OVRM on the driver's side, sill valence, grey wheel arch flairs

add a new touch in terms of security as well as elegance.

Tata Indica V2 Xeta

In the collection of cars of Tata motors Indica V2 Xeta has added a new era in the

world of cars. Its extra efficient Torque Advantage petrol engine delivering 12.4 kgm

torque , instant pick-up and fewer gear changes has made its driving smoother and

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faster.

Its highly advanced MPFI engine has 32 bit microprocessor . It also includes sports 12

sensor,along with a knock control sensor and this is for controlling damage from

adulterated fuel. Their spacious cabins with ample elbow room and leg space have

made this car luxurious. Indica V2 Xeta has come up with four specific models with

few differences in each:

GL

In the V2 Xeta GL variant comfort and safety aspects has been prioritized. It

incorporates some of the best features which a car should have these days, like Anti

Submarine Seats, Child safety locks on Rear Doors, Low Fuel & High Engine

Temperature warning lamps, Remote Release of Fuel Lid Latch, Tailgate Latch and

lots.

GLX

Its secured central locking system, power steering , four power windows give the

comfort as well as safety statement of this car. The H-VAC system give nice cold

feelings during the hot days. Its body colored bumpers, OVRMs, door handles and the

wheel arch flairs are the striking features of this car.

GLG

With the different looks and almost with the alike features of the GLX , GLG has also

captured the market. It has front power window facility.

GLS

With facilities like power steering, body colored bumpers, internally adjustable OVRM,

sill valence, wheel arch flairs, this particular model is hitting the market.

GLE

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To mention the special features of this model, it has sill valence, grey wheel arch flairs

and internally adjustable OVRM on the side of the driver.

Tata Indica V2 Turbo

Featuring turbo engine to offer turbo charger, Tata motors has come up with Indica V2

turbo. Attributes that make turbo diesel engine more advanced are 68PS@ 4500 rpm

and torque of 68PS @ 4500rpm. Indica V2 Turbo is available in three models :

DLS

This variant comes with some of the outstanding features like air conditioning system,

New Internally adjustable Outer Rear View Mirror (ORVM) in the driver's side, Utility

Tray with Coin Holder and lots more.

DLG

DLG with its power steering and front power windows, is a very comfortable car with

its HVAC system of cooling and, is reliable car with its central locking system.

DLX

DLX is the most advanced version of Indica V2 Turbo for its added few features along

with the features of DLG. Its leathered wrapped steering, luxurious seats and

adjustable headrest provide total comfort of long-driving.

Tata Indica V2 Dicor

Tata V2 Indica with its exceptional features and eye-catching visual aspects is ruling i

the market. Its two variants are DLG and DLS. It is equipped with various exceptional

features viz. New clear lens head & tail lamps, internal antenna,New Clear Lens Head

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Lamps, Side Intrusion beam on all 4 Doors, Anti - submarine seats, etc.

Indica V2 Dicor is available in two models :

DLS

In this era of advanced and innovative four-vheelers, DLS is running on the top with its

exceeding characteristics. In addition to above mentioned features, it incorporates

special Air Conditioning System to provide you with more easiness and comfort.

DLG

It has earned a popularity among the buyers with its market captivating appearance

and few spectacular characteristics. It is fitted with Ventilation and Air Conditioning

system, Rear demister, New Front fog Lamps and Audio Warnings - Key-in belt not

fastened /key-out head lamps on & door open / key-in door open. To enhance the

comfort level, it is outfitted with -

• Door trims with fabric inserts

• Map pocket with card holder

• Heating

• Rear seat backrest folding and refolding facility with 60:40 split seat

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HONDA MOTORS LTD.

Honda in India

Honda Siel Cars India Ltd., (HSCI) was incorporated in December 1995 as a joint

venture between Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Japan and Siel Limited, a Siddharth Shriram

Group company, with a commitment to providing Honda’s latest passenger car models

and technologies, to the Indian customers. The Honda City, its first offering introduced

in 1997, revolutionized the Indian passenger car market and has ever since been

recognized as an engineering marvel in the Indian automobile industry. The success

of City as well as all its other models has led HSCI to become the leading premium car

manufacturer in India. The total investment made by the company in India till date is

Rs. 1620 crores, further investment of RS. 1000 crore is planned and being currently

invested for the coming second plant in Rajasthan. The company has a capacity of

manufacturing 100,000 cars.

Showcase Manufacturing Facility

HSCI’s state-of-the-art manufacturing unit was set up in 1997 at Greater Noida, U.P

with an investment of Rs. 450 crore. The green-field project is spread across 150

acres of land (over 6,00,000 sq. m.).

The initial installed capacity of the plant was 30,000 cars per annum, which was

thereafter increased to 50,000 cars on a two-shift basis. The capacity has further been

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enhanced to 1,00,000 units annually in February 2008 . The capacity expansion was

necessitated by the excellent performance of all the Honda models, particularly the

growing demand for City in India. Several modifications were done by the company

with the objective of offering higher quality products to its customers, faster and

quicker. The expansion process also included expansion of the covered area in the

plant, from 1,07,000 sq. m. to 1,31,794 sq. m.

HSCI currently produces the All New City, Civic and Accord models in India and the

premium SUV, CR-V is sold as a fully imported unit from Japan. The company

operates under the stringent standards of ISO 9001 for quality management and ISO

14001 for environment management.

Sales and Distribution Network

Honda SIEL Cars India has a strong sales and distribution network spread across the

country. The network includes 103 facilities in 60 cities. HSCI dealerships are based

on the “3S Facility” (Sales, Service, Spares) format, offering complete range of

services to its customers. The City is manufactured with 74% indigenization level.

Product Range

Honda SIEL Cars’ product range in India includes the All new City in the mid-size

segment, Civic in the Lower D segment and Accord in the luxury segment and third

generation all-new CR-V (both 2.0L 2 WD and 2.4L 4WD) in the SUV segment. While

the All New City , Civic and Accord are manufactured at the company’s plant, the CR-

V is imported from Japan as a Completely Built Unit.

Honda City ZX

Honda City ZX is one of the stylish sedan with sophisticated and trendy exterior. It

boasts marvelous interiors - luxurious and relaxing. It gives superior performance with

VTEC (Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control) engine at all speeds and

varying conditions.

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The vehicle has good maneuverability which suits the Indian roads. It has a very good

front suspension with unique lateral force canceling spring and H-torsion beam at the

rear enhances stability and comfort. The AC system is also at the top of its class.

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New Variants.

All New Honda City: Making awe-inspiring changes in the design and technology,

Honda has introduced its classy model of City in a whole new avatar. More eye-

catching front face adds an element of dynamism in the over all outlook of Honda City.

It has been refined to become more aerodynamic, inspired by the arrow-shot form, for

better performance on the road. Tilt steering wheel with integrated controls, digital

console, sporty dash board panel not only looks attractive but also makes the interiors

of all new City more pleasurable. The all new Honda city car comes packed with 16

valve I-VTEC engine that pumps out a fuel efficient power output of 118 ps@6600

rpms with torque of 146Nm@4800 rpms. The price range of all new Honda City starts

from Rs. 8.15 Lacs upto Rs. 9.50 Lacs.

Company Name Segment USP

Honda SIEL Cars India Ltd. (HSCI) Sedan Fuel Economy

Model Variants

• City ZX EXi

• City ZX GXi

• City ZX CVT

• City ZX VTEC

• City I VTEC

Safety:-

• The fuel tank is located in the middle of the vehicle to give enough distance

from both the front and rear impact in case of a collision.

• It is fully equipped with pedestrian safety systems.

• Have neck shock mitigation seats.

• It has been designed to soften the impact of collision from any direction.

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GENERAL MOTORS INDIA LTD.

General Motors.

Incepted in 1908, General Motors has captured the forefront of technological

innovations in the automotive sector. The company has always stood a shade above

the rest. In 1911, it introduced the electric self-starter, in 1933, developed the front

wheel suspension, called the Knee – Action. With around 17% share in the world of

auto market, General Motors is a global leader among car manufacturer. Their

products are being exported in over 170 countries and its manufacturing base is

spread across 43 countries. The company has an annual production of about 85 lacs.

The many variants of the company are Cadillac, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Pontiac,

Holden, Vauxhall, Geo, Opel, Saturn and many more. In 1975, it initiated the

installation of the industry's first catalytic converters in all cars in U.S. The company

delivered “The GM EV1”- the first electric vehicle to the world. EVJ (an electric

passenger vehicle) is the latest invention of General Motors.

In 1994, General Motors India was formed as a result of collaboration between

General Motors Corporation and C.K. Birla Group of Companies. Its manufacturing

plant was located at Halol, 40 km north of Vadodara in Gujarat. GM India has

introduced the latest manufacturing methods and human factor practices to this plant

and therefore is the benchmark for advanced technologies in the Indian automotive

industry. The company was formed with a total investment of 100 million dollars.

General Motors has perfectly combined Indian creativity, American management and

German engineering and produced premium automobiles in a world class

manufacturing atmosphere. Its Opel Astra is the best selling model worldwide and the

third bestselling car ever produced. The company possess a widely distributed dealer

network and fully functional after sales support system. They provide solid backing for

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their customers after they purchase the product and help assure total customer

satisfaction and enthusiasm.

Chevrolet Aveo

With the assurance of safety and technologically advanced equipments, Chevrolet

Aveo provides complete statement of reliability and efficiency. Safety features like

tailor welded blanks, high- strength steel structure, B-pillar, height adjustable safety

belt anchors, rear child safety door locks, front safety belt pretensioners etc really

confirm the security of the passenger.

It has four variants:-

• Aveo 1.4 E*

• Aveo 1.4

• Aveo 1.4 LS

• Avon 1.6 LT

• Aveo 1.4 E*

It is well equipped with 1.4L DOHC 94 PS, 5 Speed MT, chrome radiator grille, wide

185/60 R14 tyres, pullout type door handle, two tone beige interiors, power steering

and power window, central locking, rear defogger with timer, remote trunk lid opener,

engine service soon indicator etc.

Aveo 1.4

Its added, more modified features than the lesser upgraded model are like HVAC, tilt

steering column etc.

Aveo 1.4 LS

It has striking features like fog lamps; body color door handles and outside rear view

mirrors; electric trunk release; silver finish on IP, door trim and floor console; sun glass

holder; height adjustable driver's seat; headlamp/ seatbelt/ key inside reminder, single

DIN Radio MP3 player etc.

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Aveo 1.6 LT

Its main mentionable features along with the other features which are associated with

the rest of the models, are 1.6L DOHC 102 PS, 5 speed MT; double DIN MP3 system

with 6 speakers; rear spoiler with CHMSL; chrome coated exterior handles and trunk

lid garnish ; 14" alloy wheels; electrically adjustable OVRM; wood finish on IP and

door trim; car alarm and key less entry system etc.

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3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Title of the study :- “The study of consumer buying behavior towards small &

medium car segment” The study showing the consumer buying behavior in small &

medium car segment with special reference to Maruti Suzuki India ltd. It describe the

attitude behind the purchasing of car by any middle income level segment. This

research is done at jaipur.

Duration of the study :- In June 2009, I have been assigned a project on the

consumer buying behavior towards small & medium car segment as a part of our

course curriculum. the duratiion of the research is approxmetly 45 days.

Objective of the study:- The basic objective of the project during the research

and study will be focused on the following parameters:

• To know consume preference regarding small & medium cars.

• To know what features and services attract the customers.

• Effect of brand image (Maruti Suzuki) in buying behavior.

• Impact of advertisement in buying behavior.

• Impact of celebrity endorsement in buying behavior.

• Effect of family & friends in buying behavior (Focus group).

Type of research:- It refers to the search for knowledge. It can be defined as

scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is

careful investigation or inquiry through search for new facts of any branch of

knowledge.

Research plays an important role in the project work. The results of the project are

completely based upon the research of the facts and figures collected through the

different ways of research.

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That is why it is also called a movement from known to unknown. Research is the

original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge. This section includes the

overall research design, the sampling procedure, the data collection method, the field

method, and analysis and procedure.

RESEARCH is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a

specific topic. It is also said to be the pursuit of truth with the help of study,

observation, comparison and experiment. research methodology is a way to

systematically solve the research problem.

Research design ;- A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting

the marketing research project. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the

required information, and its purpose is to design a study that will test the hypotheses

of interest, determine possible answers to the research questions, and provide the

information needed for decision making. Conducting exploratory research, precisely

defining the variables, and designing appropriate scales to measure them are also a

part of the research design. The issue of how the data should be obtained from the

respondents (for example, by conducting a survey or an experiment) must be

addressed. It is also necessary to design a questionnaire and a sampling plan to

select respondents for the study.

Research can classify in one of three categories:

Exploratory research

Descriptive research

Causal research

These classifications are made according to the objective of the research. In some

cases the research will fall into one of these categories, but in other cases different

phases of the same research project will fall into different categories.

Exploratory research has the goal of formulating problems more precisely,

clarifying concepts, gathering explanations, gaining insight, eliminating

impractical ideas, and forming hypotheses. Exploratory research can be

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performed using a literature search, surveying certain people about their

experiences, focus groups, and case studies. When surveying people,

exploratory research studies would not try to acquire a representative sample,

but rather, seek to interview those who are knowledgeable and who might be

able to provide insight concerning the relationship among variables. Case

studies can include contrasting situations or benchmarking against an

organization known for its excellence. Exploratory research may develop

hypotheses, but it does not seek to test them. Exploratory research is

characterized by its flexibility.

Descriptive research is more rigid than exploratory research and seeks to

describe users of a product, determine the proportion of the population that

uses a product, or predict future demand for a product. As opposed to

exploratory research, descriptive research should define questions, people

surveyed, and the method of analysis prior to beginning data collection. In other

words, the who, what, where, when, why, and how aspects of the research

should be defined. Such preparation allows one the opportunity to make any

required changes before the costly process of data collection has begun.

There are two basic types of descriptive research: longitudinal studies and

cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are time series analyses that make

repeated measurements of the same individuals, thus allowing one to monitor

behavior such as brand-switching. However, longitudinal studies are not

necessarily representative since many people may refuse to participate

because of the commitment required. Cross-sectional studies sample the

population to make measurements at a specific point in time. A special type of

cross-sectional analysis is a cohort analysis, which tracks an aggregate of

individuals who experience the same event within the same time interval over

time. Cohort analyses are useful for long-term forecasting of product demand.

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Causal research seeks to find cause and effect relationships between

variables. It accomplishes this goal through laboratory and field experiments.

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Here I use descriptive type of research design

Sample size and method of selecting sampleSample size:- Sampling is simply the process of learning about population on the

basis of learning about population on the basis of a sample drawn from it. The primary

objective of the sampling survey is to obtain accurate and reliable information about

universe with minimum cost, time and energy and to set out the limits of accuracy of

such estimates.

For sampling I have chosen non-probability sampling technique.

Non probability sampling is based on the personal judgment. Under this method a

desired number of sample units are selected deliberately depending upon the object

of the enquiry so that only the important items representing the true characteristics of

the population are included in the sample.

Non-probability sampling is of two types:-

• purposive sampling quota

• convenience sampling

I have chosen convenience sampling under non-probability sampling technique

keeping all constrains in mind a sample size of 50 people is selected from Jaipur. This

sample contains a mix type of customer (Servicemen, student and businessmen) so

as to remove any type be biased results. Research for the Importance of the Brand

image of the company’s which is kept in mind by customers while buying any product.

As two-wheeler is a durable thing, the customer interacts with the company only for

little time. Therefore it becomes very difficult to get the actual feedback from the

customer. That’s why I have designed a Questionnaire for the customers. As

customer is king of the market. Today every product is made according to desire or

need of the company. And customers have varied taste. Only consumers’ satisfaction

can predict the actual scenario of the market.

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Method of selecting sample :- Two methods of collecting data used for this research

are as follows: -

• PRIMARY DATA – Data is collected primarily through personal contact,

meeting, interview and questionnaire with the concerned authority of the

organization and respondents’.

• SECONDARY DATA – Data are collected through secondary modes such

as various published data, reports, related books and websites.

3.6 Scope of study:- Te scope of the project during the research and study will be

focused on the following parameters:

• To know consume preference regarding small & medium cars

• To know what features and services attract the customers

• Effect of brand image (Maruti Suzuki)in buying behavior

• Impact of advertisement in buying behavior

• Impact of celebrity endorsement in buying behavior

• Effect of family &friends in buying behavior (Focus group)

Limitation of study:- Every research study has its limitations likewise this

research has some limitation .These are

• The sample consists of 50 customers and was restricted to people residing in

Jaipur. as study is restricted to the Jaipur

• Sample of the population (universe) might be note the representative of whole

• Customer perception is not always static. They frequently change their attitude

• Selection of car is also depends on income level of respondents

• This research is based on current economic condition which is not seem to be

good

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4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Consumer behavior:- It is the study of when, why, how, where and what people do

or do not buy products. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social,

anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making

process, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual

consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to

understand people's wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from

groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Customer

behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the

three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Relationship marketing is an influential

asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of

the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the importance of the

customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention,

customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-to-one

marketing. Social functions can be categorized into social choice and welfare

functions. Each method for vote counting is assumed as a social function but if

Arrow’s possibility theorem is used for a social function, social welfare function is

achieved. Some specifications of the social functions are decisiveness, neutrality,

anonymity, monotonocity, unanimity, homogeneity and weak and strong

Paretooptimality. No social choice function meets these requirements in an ordinal

scale simultaneously. The most important characteristic of a social function is

identification of the interactive effect of alternatives and creating a logical relation with

the ranks. Marketing provides services in order to satisfy customers. With that in mind,

the productive system is considered from its beginning at the production level, to the

end of the cycle, the consumer (Kioumarsi et al., 2009).

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Belch and Belch define consumer behavior as 'the process and activities people

engage in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing

of products and services so as to satisfy their needs and desires'

The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing

strategies by understanding issues such as how

• The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between

different alternatives (e.g., brands, products);

• The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment

(e.g., culture, family, signs, media);

• The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing

decisions;

• Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence

decisions and marketing outcome;

• How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that

differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer;

and

• How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and

marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer.

One "official" definition of consumer behavior is "The study of individuals, groups, or

organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of

products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these

processes have on the consumer and society."

Information Search and Decision Making

Problem Recognition. One model of consumer decision making involves several

steps. The first one is problem recognition—you realize that something is not as it

should be. Perhaps, for example, your car is getting more difficult to start and is not

accelerating well. The second step is information search—what are some alternative

ways of solving the problem? You might buy a new car, buy a used car, take your car

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in for repair, ride the bus, ride a taxi, or ride a skateboard to work. The third step

involves evaluation of alternatives. A skateboard is inexpensive, but may be ill-suited

for long distances and for rainy days. Finally, we have the purchase stage, and

sometimes a post-purchase stage (e.g., you return a product to the store because you

did not find it satisfactory). In reality, people may go back and forth between the

stages. For example, a person may resume alternative identification during while

evaluating already known alternatives.

Family Decision Making. Individual members of families often serve different roles in

decisions that ultimately draw on shared family resources. Some individuals are

information gatherers/holders, who seek out information about products of relevance.

These individuals often have a great deal of power because they may selectively pass

on information that favors their chosen alternatives. Influencers do not ultimately have

the power decide between alternatives, but they may make their wishes known by

asking for specific products or causing embarrassing situations if their demands are

not met. The decision maker(s) have the power to determine issues such as:

• Whether to buy;

• Which product to buy (pick-up or passenger car?);

• Which brand to buy;

• Where to buy it; and

• When to buy.

Note, however, that the role of the decision maker is separate from that of the

purchaser. From the point of view of the marketer, this introduces some problems

since the purchaser can be targeted by point-of-purchase (POP) marketing efforts that

cannot be aimed at the decision maker. Also note that the distinction between the

purchaser and decision maker may be somewhat blurred:

• The decision maker may specify what kind of product to buy, but not which

brand;

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• The purchaser may have to make a substitution if the desired brand is not in

stock;

• The purchaser may disregard instructions (by error or deliberately).

It should be noted that family decisions are often subject to a great deal of conflict.

The reality is that few families are wealthy enough to avoid a strong tension between

demands on the family’s resources. Conflicting pressures are especially likely in

families with children and/or when only one spouse works outside the home. Note that

many decisions inherently come down to values, and that there is frequently no

"objective" way to arbitrate differences. One spouse may believe that it is important to

save for the children’s future; the other may value spending now (on private schools

and computer equipment) to help prepare the children for the future. Who is right?

There is no clear answer here. The situation becomes even more complex when more

parties—such as children or other relatives—are involved.

Some family members may resort to various strategies to get their way. One is

bargaining—one member will give up something in return for someone else. For

example, the wife says that her husband can take an expensive course in gourmet

cooking if she can buy a new pickup truck. Alternatively, a child may promise to walk it

every day if he or she can have a hippopotamus. Another strategy is reasoning—

trying to get the other person(s) to accept one’s view through logical argumentation.

Note that even when this is done with a sincere intent, its potential is limited by

legitimate differences in values illustrated above. Also note that individuals may simply

try to "wear down" the other party by endless talking in the guise of reasoning (this is a

case of negative reinforcement as we will see subsequently). Various manipulative

strategies may also be used. One is impression management, where one tries to

make one’s side look good (e.g., argue that a new TV will help the children see

educational TV when it is really mostly wanted to see sports programming, or argue

that all "decent families make a contribution to the church"). Authority involves

asserting one’s "right" to make a decision (as the "man of the house," the mother of

the children, or the one who makes the most money). Emotion involves making an

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emotional display to get one’s way (e.g., a man cries if his wife will not let him buy a

new rap album).

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5. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

Interpretation

Objective of the study : Consumer buying behavior towards small & medium car

segment

For this research project, I choose the questionnaire as research tool and take 50

participants who either willing to buy a car or having a car in small and middle

segment. So the findings are as follows

Q. 1 Do you use cars?

84%

16%

Respondants status regarding car

Yes

No

Interpretation;-

Among 50 participants, 84% respondents are currently having car .Through we can

find out the potential market for car manufacturing companies.

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Q.2 Which car do you use?

43%

2%

7%19%

29%

No of respondants

Maruti

Honda

GM

Tata

Hyundai

Interpretation:-Among 84% respondents who having his own car

• 43% participants are having Maruti,

• 29% are owning Hyundai,

• 19% are having Tata,

• 7% are owing Gm and rest are the customer of Honda Motors.

Q.3 Is the present car up to your expectations?

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Interpretation:-

• Approx 79% participants are satisfied with their current car i.e. their expectation

are fulfilled by the car and rest are unsatisfied with their car performance

• Some factor like mileage ,performance and easy servicing fulfill their

expectation

Q. 4 Are you planning to buy a new car in the near future?

Yes 74%

No26%

Future planning for new car

Yes

No

Interpretation:-

Every person wants to buy a car for himself or for his family. My research is focus on

middle income prospects and thus

• 74% respondents are planning to buy a new car

• 26% respondents are not willing to buy new car in near future

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Q. 5 Which brand would you prefer?

Maruti45%

Hyundai25%

TATA17%

GM10% Honda

3%

Most prefer Brand

Maruti

Hyundai

TATA

GM

Honda

Interpretation:- Among 50 participants

• 54%of respondents prefer to buy a car of Maruti

• 30% participants like to purchase a car of Hyundai

• 20% respondants prefer TATA brand (Research is conducted before the

launching of nano )

• 12% and 4 % are preferring ratio for respectively GM cars and Honda cars

Q. 6 Why would you prefer the above mentioned car?

Reson for prefer . . .

38%

26% 24%

2%

10%

Mileage

Looks and style

Comfort

Service and spares

Other

Interpretation:-The reason for the preference, among 50 respondents

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• 38% preferred mileage follow by looks and style as 26%

• Comfort is taking third place by 24% followed by service and spares

Q.8. How frequently do you change your car? Why?

Reason for changing the car

8%2%

54%36%

Fedup &Reseal

Advancetechnology

Fashion &trends

other

Interpretation:-Generally middle class respondents never echange their car so

frequently so far. They will change their car after more then two year or above but the

reason behind the changing the car are as follows

• Almost 54% participants said tat they fed up with their car

• Near 36% respondents wants to change their car due to advance technology

• Approx 8% change their car due to fashion & trend.

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Q.9 What does affects your buying behavior generally while selecting any car in small

& medium segment?

Facter influencing consumer behavior

58%

26%

10%4%2%

Familly &friends

Brand

Style & features

Advertisment

Technicaladvancement

Interpretation:-Middle class segment generally influenced by family &friends followed by brand as

• 58% respondents influenced by family and friends

• 26 % participants chane their decision due to brand because they are brand

conscious

• Style & features are influenced only 6% .

6. FACTS & FINDING

Findings:-

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• In present Maruti is leading in small & medium car segment followed by

Hyundai

• Existing customer are satisfied with their present car performance like

mileage ,servicing etc

• In current scenario Maruti will be market leader followed by Hyundai(This

research is conducted before launching TATA Nano)

• Middle class segment like to buy any brand due to mileage followed by looks &

style

• They change their cars after two years or more, due to fed up with car and for

new advance technology

• They highly influenced by family and friends while making purchase

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7. CONCLUSION

• From the analysis of the responses received from the customers in

Jaipur, overall findings show that Maruti Suzukij is the most prefered

brand among the participants.

• Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai,Tata Motors are the biggest competitor in the

small & madium car market..

• Among the five attributes ( which we considered important for customers’

purchasing decision ) customers gave highest consideration to mileage

followed by the looks and style. Other attributes like comfort, service and

spares were considered later.

• Most middle class person prefer Maruti Suzuki in this segment and

usually they use car for their transport.

• Servicemen still would like to go for small & medium car but with mileage

with the first considerable thing followed by looks and style and power.

• Study shows that middle class segment highly influenced by family &

friends while purchasing the car. So companies should advertise their

product targeted to families

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• Gradually Hyundai & TATA captured the market of Maruti due to their new

launching in small cars like TATA nanotech.

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8. APPENDIX

Questionnaire

Objective : Consumer buying behavior towards small & medium car segment.

Q. 1 Do you use cars?

o Yes

o No

Q.2 Which car do you use? ………………………………………………

Company Maruti Honda GM TATA Hyundai Others

Model

Q.3 Is the present car up to your expectations?

o Yes

o No

Elaborate (Why Yes / Why No)

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

__

Q. 4 Are you planning to buy a new car in the near future?

o Yes

o No

Q. 5 Which brand would you prefer?

o Maruti

o Honda

o GM

o TATA

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o Hyundai

If other, then please specify…………………………..

Q. 6 Why would you prefer the above mentioned car?

o Mileage

o Looks and style

o Comfort

o Service and spares

o Other

If other, then please specify…………………………..

Q.7. How frequently do you change your car? Why?

o 6-12 Months

o Up to 2 years

o More than 2 year

o Till the life of the bike

Reasons

Status Fashion & Trend

Advance Technology

Fed up & Reseal

Other

If other, then please specify…………………………..

Q.8. How you know about the particular car ?

o Family or Friends

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o Advertisement

o Brand

o Style & Features

o Technical Advancement

o Other Issue

If other, then please specify…………………………..

Personal Information:

Name :

Occupation :

Age : 1. (26-35) 2. (36-45) 3. (Above 45)

Date :

Signature

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Place :

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography

BOOKS

• C.R Kothari: Research Methodology

• Kotler & Keller: Marketing management

NEWSPAPERS

• Economic Times.

• Business Times.

• Business Standard

• Times of India

WEBSTIES

• http://www.tatamoters.co.in

• http://www.maruti.co.in.

• http://www.google.com/

• http://www.valueresearch.com/

• http://www.autojunction.com/

• http://www.moneycontrol.com/

• http://www.honda.co.in/

MAGAZINES

Business world

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Auto Expo.

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