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Resources: • 2.2.R13 How to Outline Grids• 2.2.R14 Outlining
Subjects Within a Grid• 2.2.R18 Seeing and Comparing Values
Supplies: paper, 2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B pencils; pencil
sharpener, sandpaper block, vinyl and kneaded erasers, ruler
This project has four sections:• Set up a Drawing Space and
Grid• Sketch Accurate Proportions Inside a Grid• Outline Rhino with
Neat Contour Lines• Add Final Details to Rhino and His PJs
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Project 4: Rhino in Pajamas
Identify the value and thickness of diverse lines as you
accurately duplicate the broad range of lineweights required to
render a drawing based on a work by Albrecht Dürer
Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 8.2Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease:
61.3Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19 - 12 Pages and 22
Illustrations
As an Aside
In 1515, Albrecht Dürer created a highly detailed pen and ink
drawing of an animal he had never even seen. This amazing drawing
of an Indian rhinoceros was based on only a rough sketch and a
written description. Dürer employed his artistic license to create
this believable, but quite unusual looking animal. This drawing was
widely accepted in the West as a realistic representation of a
rhinoceros right up until the 18th century.
In this project, you render a detailed, in-proportion contour
drawing of a stylized version of a drawing of a rhinoceros by
Albrecht Dürer. The primary goal is to identify the value and
thickness of each line and then choose the appropriate pencils to
draw their lineweights accurately.
Before you begin, compare an illustration of the original
drawing by Albrecht Dürer (Figure 1) to the subject of this
tutorial (Figure 2).
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2 Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Set up a Drawing Space and GridA drawing space helps render
accurate proportions to start your project off on the right
foot.
1. Turn your drawing paper to a horizontal format and outline an
in-proportion drawing space (Figure 3).
An ideal size is 10 by 6.5 in (25.4 cm by 16.51 cm). Your sheet
of paper needs to be large enough to leave a border all around the
drawing space.
2. Use a ruler to measure and mark the sides of the drawing
space to accommodate 60 identical, 1 in (2.54 cm) squares with 10
half squares along the bottom (Figure 3).
You need 10 squares across by 6.5 squares down.
Figure 3
Figure 1
Tip!
When you outline grid squares, remember to press very gently
with your pencil to keep your lines light. By applying very little
pressure to your pencil, you can create very faint lines. Before
you begin drawing, lighten your grid lines with a kneaded eraser
until you can barely see them.
Figure 2
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ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
3Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
3. Use a ruler to lightly outline grid squares inside the
drawing space (Figure 4).
4. Add numbers along the top and bottom and letters down each
side so each square can be easily identifi ed by a number/letter
code.
Figure 4
Figure 5
Tip!
Remember to visually measure distances (plot and dot) along the
sides of each grid square. If you draw some lines in the wrong grid
squares, simply erase that section, redraw the grid lines, and keep
on going!
Sketch Accurate Proportions Inside a GridIllustrations guide you
through the process of creating your in-proportion sketch.
Figure 5 shows how very faint the lines are in the actual
hardcopy sketch.
5. Take your time and sketch only Rhino’s major contours inside
each grid square in turn (Figure 6).
Figure 6 has been darkened in Photoshop so you can clearly see
the lines.
Use feathered or continuous lines and a 2H pencil.
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Figure 6
4 Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Remember to keep your pencil marks light, so mistakes can be
easily erased.
Outline Rhino with Neat Contour LinesIn this section, you use
freshly sharpened pencils and continuous curved lines to add more
visual information to your drawing of Rhino.
6. Add additional details to your sketch with a 2H or HB
pencil.
The curved lines in Figures 7 and 8 are not simply traced on top
of the sketch lines; they are modifi ed to be more accurate.
7. Take a few minutes to review your drawing one square at a
time, and adjust lines as necessary.
To fi x lines that are inaccurate, simply erase and re-draw.
8. Use your kneaded eraser to erase the grid lines and the
outline of the drawing space (Figure 8).
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Figure 7
5Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
9. Redraw the sections of lines that were inadvertently
erased.
10. Lighten your sketch one last time with your kneaded eraser
until the sketch lines are barely visible.
Figure 8
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6 Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Figure 9 Figure 10
Add Final Details to Rhino and His PJsIn this section, you use
your sketch lines as guides to complete your drawing by working
from the tip of his horn to the tip of his tail. In some sections,
you simply draw over existing lines. However, the best part of this
project is adding lots of new and wonderful lines with a full range
of values and grades of pencils.
The process of using fi ve grades of pencils to render lines of
different weights is demonstrated in the drawing of Rhino’s head
(Figures 9 to 13). From there, you are on your own to draw the rest
of Rhino!
If you look closely at the illustrations in this section you can
see the faint lines of an underdrawing.
You have two options for completing your drawing: use a 2H
pencil to very lightly sketch the locations of these details before
you add fi nal outlines, or jump right in and draw the various
types of fi nal outlines!
11. Add the heaviest lines and sections of lines with a 6B
pencil (Figure 9).
Try to keep the edges of the lines neat by going over them with
a freshly sharpened pencil before you continue on to the next
step.
12. Use a 4B grade of pencil to add the heavy lines featured in
Figure 10.
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13. Use a 2B grade of pencil to add the medium-weight lines
shown in Figure 11.
Figure 12
7Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Figure 11
Tip!
Constantly sharpen the points of your pencils with a sandpaper
block and occasionally sharpen the pencils themselves with a
sharpener.
Tip!
To protect your drawing from smudging, place a piece of clean
paper under your hand as you draw. Each time you work on a new
section, remember to move your paper so it’s always under your
hand.
14. Use an HB grade of pencil to add the lighter, thinner lines
you see in Figure 12.
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8 Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Figure 14
Figure 13
15. Use a 2H grade of pencil to add the lightest lines (Figures
13).
Rhino’s head is now fi nished!
Tip!
To create an even greater range of lineweights than the base
value of each grade, simply vary the pressure you apply to your
pencils.
16. Use the process of working from heavy lineweights to light
lineweights to complete the rest of Rhino’s body, pajamas, tail,
and the cast shadow below him.
Refer to Figures 14 to 21.
As you work, constantly refer back to previous illustrations and
ahead to new illustrations to make sure you don’t miss
anything.
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9Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
Figure 15
Figure 16
As an Aside
Albrecht Dürer and his brother, Hans Dürer were both famous
artists. Their father (also named Albrecht) and mother (Barbara)
had a total of eighteen children!
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10 Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
As an Aside
Albrecht Dürer was infatuated with the rhinoceros that he drew.
He referred to his drawing to make a wonderful woodcut, which he
used to make prints to sell at markets. Additional prints based on
Dürer’s woodcut underwent numerous artistic derivatives for several
centuries after his death in 1528.
As an Aside
In 1515, Manuel I, King of Portugal, sent a live rhinoceros (on
which Dürer’s drawing was based) to Pope Leo X as a gift.
Unfortunately, the rhinoceros never arrived at its destination; it
drowned in a shipwreck off the coast of Italy in early 1516.
Figure 17
Figure 18
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11Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
As an Aside
In 1956, Salvador Dali created a three-ton, bronze cast
sculpture of a rhinoceros based on Dürer’s drawing. Dali stayed
true to Dürer’s representation of a rhinoceros, but couldn’t resist
adding two humongous sea urchins as a satirical reference to the
actual animal’s demise in a watery grave. Today this sculpture,
titled Rhinoceros Dressed In Lace (Rinoceronte vestido con
puntillas) resides in Puerto Banús in Marbella, Spain.
Figure 19
Figure 20
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12 Drawspace Curriculum 2.2.A19
ISBN: 978-1-927539-27-9Copyright © 2012 Drawspace Publishing and
Brenda Hoddinott. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transferred, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including
electronic, digital, mechanical, recording, photographing,
photocopying, or otherwise, without the purchase of a licence from
drawspace.com or the prior written consent of Brenda Hoddinott and
Drawspace Publishing.
17. Check over your drawing one last time and fi x anything with
which you’re not happy.
Refer to Figure 22 and the many close-up views throughout this
project. If you want, you can use a kneaded eraser molded to a
wedge to erase any smudges or unwanted sketch lines.
Give yourself a huge hug—you have fi nished a huge project of a
huge animal!
Figure 21
Figure 22
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