Proiect PTSF

7/24/2019 Proiect PTSF

1/18

UNIVERSITATEA POLITEHNICA BUCURESTIFACULTATEA INGINERIA SI MANAGEMENTUL SISTEMELOR TEHNOLOGICE

PROCESE SI TEHNOLOGII

SPECIALE DE FORMARE

Tema 1

PLASTICITATE-DEFORMABILITATE

METODE TEORETICE SI EXPERIMENTALE UTILIZATE

LA ANALIZA DEFORMABILITATII REPERULUI

COORDONATOR

Conf.Dr.Ing Elena LACATUS

STUDENT

Georg!an-Teof!l BARBU " e-#a!l Bar$%&Georg!an'(a)oo.*o#

An%l III" +, AB " N.S.N.

CUPRINS:

DATA :21.10.2015
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/18


1. METODE TEORETICE UTILIZATE PENTRU DTUDIUL STARILOR DE

TENSIUNI SI DEFORMATII (o*%#en/are $!$l!ograf!*a)

Me/oa re0ol1ar!! e*%a/!!lor e e*)!l!$r%............................................................................2

Me/oa energe/!*a........................................................................................................... ,

Me/oa l!n!!lor e al%ne*are............................................................................................. ,2. METODE EXPERIMENTALE DE ANALIZA A PROCESELOR DE DEFORMARE

PLASTICA (o*%#en/are $!$l!ograf!*a)

A3re*!erea *a3a*!/a/!! e efor#are a #a/er!alelor......................................................... 4Me/oe folo5!/e la a3re*!erea *o#3or/ar!! #a/er!al%l%! !n /!#3%l

efor#ar!!.................................................................................................................... 4Ele#en/e *ara*/er!5/!*e *o#3or/ar!! e*)!3a#en/%l%! 65/an/e 5a% #a/r!/e7 !n /!#3%l

efor#ar!!........................................................................................................... ...........8-9Ele#en/e *ara*/er!5/!*e %/!la:elor 63re5e"#a5!n! 53e*!al!0a/e" e/*.7.................................. 9

3. METODICA CERCETARII EXPERIMENTALE (o*%#en/are $!$l!ograf!*a)

Ele#en/e e *al*%l /en5or!al......................................................................................... ;

,.. S*alar!.


3/18


Metoda rezolvarii ecuatiilor de echilibru.

Re0ol1area an%#!/or 3ro$le#e e *%rgere 3la5/!*a 5e fa*e !n general 3e $a0a

%nor #e/oe #a/e#a/!*e ale /eor!e! 3la5/!*!/a/!! " a*e5/e #e/oe 5e $a0ea0a !n

53e*!al 3e anal!0a rela/!!lor e e*)!l!$r% " a %n%! ele#en/ e 1ol%# !nf!n!/ #!* 5%3%5

efor#ar!! !#3re%na *% %na !n e*%a/!!le e 3la5/!*!/a/e .

Pen/r% 5/%!erea efor#ar!! 3la5/!*e a %n%! *or3 5e folo5e5*

- e*%a/!!le efor#a/!!lor- legea *on5/an/e! 1ol%#%l%!- rela/!!le !n/re /en5!%n! 5! efor#a/!!le 53e*!f!*.

E*%a/!!le e e*)!l!$r% /re$%!e 5a *ore53%na *a0%l%! *on*re/ e 5ol!*!/are 5! a

*on!/!!lor e *on/%r . Pr!n re0ol1area e*%a/!!lor e e*)!l!$r% !#3re%na *% o

e*%a/!e e 3la5/!*!/a/e 3e $a0a *on!/!lor l!#!/a " 5e e/er#!na /en5!%n!le nor#ale

la 5%3rafa/a *or3%l%! 5%3%5 efor#ar!!. C%no5*an%-5e /en5!%n!le 3e 5%3refe/ele e *on/a*/ ale *or3%l%! *%

5%3rafe/ele a*/!1e ale 5*%lelor e efor#are 5e 3o/ e/er#!na for/ele *e /re$%!ea3l!*a/e !n 1eerea 3rel%*rar!! 3r!n 3re5are.

In general 5/%!erea 5/ar!! e /en5!%n! 5! efor#are 3r!n #e/oa e*%a/!!lor e

e*)!l!$r% !#3re%na *% o e*%a/!e e 3la5/!*!/a/e 3re*%# 5! *% %/!l!0area rela/!!lor

!n/re /en5!%n!! 5! efor#a/!!le 53e*!f!*e 5e a3l!*a *% *ele #a! $%ne re0%l/a/e f!!n

3refera/a !n *o#3ara/!e *% al/e #e/oe. >Il!e5*% C.?

Metoda energetica.

2


4/18


Cal*%l%l for/e! ne*e5are 3en/r% efor#are 3e $a0a /eore#e! l%*r%l%! #e*an!*

3orne5/e e la fa3/%l *a l%*r%l #e*an!* al for/elor e@/er!oare > Le ? *are real!0ea0a

efor#are 3la5/!* a %n%! *or3 e5/e egala *% l%*r%l #e*an!* al for/elor !n/er!oare > L! ? e

%ne re0%l/a *a

>LeL!? 67

Metoda liniilor de alunecare.

Me/oa l!n!!lor e al%ne*are e5/e o #e/oa generala " %/!l!0a/a 3en/r% re0ol1area

3ro$le#elor *% e*%a/!! !feren/!ale 3ar/!ale e /!3 )!3er$ol!* " *% o%a 1ar!a$!le

!ne3enen/e . >Il!e5*% C.?

Ma:or!/a/ea #e/oelor a3ro@!#a/!1e 3en/r% *al*%l%l for/elor e efor#are 5! a

/en5!%n!lor 5e 3o/ %/!l!0a n%#a! 3en/r% *or3%r! 5!#3le !n 3%n*/ e 1eere al geo#e/r!e!for#e!" !n !3o/e0a 5!#3l!f!*a/oare a efor#ar!! o#ogene a a*e5/ora 5a% a negl!:ar!!

/en5!%n!lor /angen/!ale *are a3ar !n /!#3%l efor#ar!! neo#ogene .

Me/oa l!n!!lor e al%ne*are 5e 3oa/e %/!l!0a 3en/r% *or3%r! e for#a oare*are" 5%3%5e

%ne! 5/ar! e /en5!%ne 3lane " neo#ogene " real!0a/e !n #a/er!al !eale" !0o/ro3e" 3la5/!*

5! /ena*e.

S!#3l!/a/ea #e/oe! l!n!!lor e al%ne*are *on5/a !n a*eea *a fa/a e *on!/!!le reale e

efor#are 5e negl!:ea0a !nfl%en/a e*r%!5ar!! " a 1!/e0e! e efor#a/!e 5! a for/elor e

!ner/!e a5%3ra !5/r!$%/!e! /en5!%n!lor . In 3ro*e5ele e efor#are 3la5/!*a *are 5e

real!0ea0a *% grae #ar! e efor#are 5e negl!:ea0a e a5ea#nea efe*/%l /er#!* *a

re0%l/a/ al fre*ar!lor.

L!n!!le e al%ne*are #a! 3oar/a en%#!rea e l!n!! Luders. >Il!e5*% C.?

Cal*%l%l /en5!%n!lor 3r!n #e/oa l!n!!lor e al%ne*are 3re5%3%ne e%*erea rela/!!lor e

*al*%l a /en5!%n!lor nor#ale #e!!.

2.METODE EXPERIMENTALE DE ANALIZA A PROCESELOR DE

DEFORMARE PLASTICA.

Aprecierea capacitatii de deformare a materialelor.

3


5/18


Pen/r% a3re*!area *a3a*!/a/!! e efor#are a #a/er!alelor 5e folo5e5*

- #e/oe generale " *are 5e 3o/ a3l!*a 3en/r% or!*e #a/er!al 5! or!*e 3rel%*rare

- #e/oe 53e*!al " *e 5e a3l!*a 3en/r% an%#!/e /!3%r! e #a/er!al 5! an%#!/e 3rel%*rar! .

Infor#a/!! generale 3r!1!n a3re*!area *a3a*!/a/!! e efor#are a #e/alelor 5e 3o/ o$/!ne 3e $a0a3ro3r!e/a/!lor #e*an!*e 6l!#!/a e *%rgere R3 " re0!5/en/a la r%3ere R# " al%ng!rea rela/!1a la

r%3ere r .In f%n*/!e e 53e*!f!*%l 3rel%*ar!! 5e 3o/ efe*/%a !n*er*ar! la /ra*/!%ne 5a% la

*o#3re5!%ne 3e e3%1e/e 5/anar!0a/e . A*e5/ea !n5a n% 5%n/ 5%f!*!en/e . !n genereal " 5e 3oa/e

a3re*!a *a #a/er!alele *are 3re0!n/a o al%ng!re %n!for#a #are " l!#!/a e *%rgere e 1aloare

#!*a " re0!5/en/a la r%3ere r!!*a/a " a% 3ro3r!e/a/!! #e*an!*e fa1ora$!le 3en/r% o $%na

*o#3or/are la efor#are 3la5/!* la re*e.

C% *a/ !feren/a !n/re re0!5/ean/a la r%3ere 5! l!#!/a e *%rgere e5/e #a! #are " *% a/a/ *re5/e

*a3a*!/a/ea e e*r%!5are a #a/er!al%l%! " Ma/er!alele *are a% o $%na *a3a*!/a/e e a 5e e*r%!5a "

a% 5! o al%ng!re %n!for#a #are 5! e*! 1or a1ea o *o#3or/are $%na !n /!#3%l efor#ar!! la re*e.

Metode folosite la apreciarea comportarii materialului in timpul deformarii .

In afara !n*er*ar!lor *are 5e efe*/%ea0a !na!n/e e 3rel%*rarea #a/er!al%l%!

5e#!fa$r!*a/%l%! e5/e ne*e5ar 5a 5e anal!0e0e 5! %r#a/oarele a53e*/ 3r!n*!3ale !n /!#3%l

3ro*e5%l%! e efor#are

-e/er#!nare !nfl%en/e! %nor fa*/or! /e)nolog!*! a5%3ra !5/r!$%/!e! efor#a/!!lor 5!*ara*/er%l%! *%rger!! #a/er!al%l%!.

- e/er#!narea /en5!%n!lor " for/elor 5! l%*r%l%! #e*an!* e #o!f!*are a for#e! la

!fer!/e o3era/!! e 3re5are.- e/er#!narea 1ar!a/!e! re0!5/en/e! *ara*/er!5/!*!lor e 3la5/!*!/a/e .

A*e5/a anal!0a " *e *ara*/er!0ea0a *o#3or/area #a/er!al%l%! 5e#!fa$r!*an/%l%! !n

/!#3%l 3rel%*rar!! " 1a f! real!0a/a 3r!n !n*er*ar! efe*/%a/e a5%3ra %nor 3!e5e reale"

5a% 3e #oele " la *are 5e 1a a3l!*a legea 5!#!l!/%!n!!.

&Me'!e e*'#+ e'e#mi*a#ea ,a#a,'e#++i e$!#ma'ii!# .

!n /!#3%l 3ro*e5elor e efor#are 3la5/!* " efor#a/!!le 5%n/ ne%n!for#e a/or!/a #a! #%l/or

*a%0e 5/r%*/%r!! ne%n!for#e a #a/er!al%l%! 3rel%*ra/ " fre*ar!lor !n/erne !n #a/er!al " for#e!

5e#!fa$r!*an/%l%! " fre*ar!lor e@/er!oare e/*. Ne%n!for#!/a/ea efor#a/!!lor %*e la *re5/erea

3re5!%n!! #e!! e efor#are " re%*e 3la5/!*!/a/ea 5! *reea0a !n *or3%l efor#a/ /en5!%n!!

3er#anen/e.

4


6/18


De *ele #a! #%l/e or! /en5!%n!le !n !fer!/e 3%n*/e ale *or3%l%! efor#a/ n% 5e 3oa/e #a5%ra

e@3er!#en/al . In a*e5/e *a0%r! " ne%n!for#!/a/ea /en5!%n!lor 5e a3re*!a0a %3a #ar!#ea 5!

*are*/er%l re3ar/!0ar!! efro#a/!!lor . A5/fel "3en/r% 5/a$!l!rea #o%l%! e re3ar/!0are a

efor#a/!!lor 5e folo5e5* %r#a/oarele #e/oe #e/oa re/elelor e !1!0are " #e/oa 5/!f/%r!lor"

#e/oa 5%r%$%l%! " #e/oa anal!0e! #!*ro5/%*/%r!! " #e/oa %r!/a/!!.

a7 Me/oa re/elelor e !1!0are .

Re/elele e !1!0are or/ogonale 5e 3o/ /ra5a a/a/ la 5%3rafa/a e@/er!oara a 5e#!fa$r!*a/%l%!

3re*%# 5! !n/r-%n 3lan e 5e*/!onare al 3ro$e! !n *a0%l 5e#!fa$r!*a/elor #a5!1e. Re/elele e

!1!0are 5e 3o/ a3l!*a 3r!n 0gar!erea " 3r!n !#3r!#area *% 3ro*eee ele*/ro*)!#!*e 5a% *%

a:%/or%l %nor 1o35ele 5a% e#%l5!! fo/o5en5!$!le .

In *a0%l !n *are" 1o35ea%a 5e a3l!*a !n/r-%n 3lan e 5e*/!onare " 3ro$a /re$%!e 5e*/!ona/a !n

o%a :%#a/a/!. Pen/r% %na !n/re 5%3rafe/ele e *on/a*/ a *elor o%a :%#a/a/! 5e e@e*%/a

re/ea%a " !ar 3e *ealala/a 5%3afa/a 5e a3l!*a %n l%$r!f!an/ *are n% 3er#!/e l!3!rea 5a% 5%area

3ar/!lor 3ro$e! !n /!#3%l efor#ar!! .

a. Ina!n/e e efor#are " re/ele 5%n/ nor#ale

$. %3a efor#area 3r!n a#$%/!5are " re/ele 5%n/ al%ng!/e

F!g. . Re/ea e !1!0are.

$7 Me/oa 5/!f/%r!lor.

A*ea5/a #e/oa *on5/a !n !n/ro%*erea !n #e/al%l e $a0a a %nor 5/!f/%r! *are 5a for#e0e %n

a:%5/a: 3re5a/. S/!f/%r!le 5e e@e*%/a !n/r-%n #a/er!al e al/a *%loare " !n5a *% 3ro3r!e/a/! f!0!*o-

*)!#!*e a3ro3!a/e e *ele ale #e/al%l%! 3!e5e! e 3rel%*ra/ " 5e 3oa/ folo5! 5! #e/ale 5a% ala!a:e

e a*eea5! *%lare *% a #e/al%l%! e $a0a" *% *on!/!a 5a rea*/!one0e !fer!/ la a/a*%l *% a*ela5!

rea*/!1.

5


7/18


*7 Me/oa 5%r%$%l%! .

Se $a0ea0a 3e #o!f!*area 3a5%l%! !n!/!al al f!le/%l%! %n%! 5%r%$ !n/ro%5 !n 3ro$a *e 5e

efor#ea0a " !n f%n*/!e e 1aloare #o!f!*ar!! 3a5%l%! 5%r%$%l%! " 5e 3oa/e *ara*/er!0aefor#a/!a long!/%!nala !n 3lan%l *are /re*e 3r!n a@a 5%r%$%l%! . De0a1an/a:%l #e/oe! *on5/a !n

fa3/%l *a 3r!n !n/ro%*erea 5%r%$%l%! 5e !5/r%ge !n/egr!/a/ea 3ro$e!.

7 Me/oa anal!0e! #!*ro5/%*/%r!!.

Con5/a !n re*r!5/al!0area 3ro$e! %3a efor#are 3la5/!* la re*e 5! e@a#!narea #!*ro5/%*/%r!! .

Pen/r% a*ela5! #a/er!al neefor#a/ " 5e /ra5ea0a !agra#a e re*r!5/al!0are. D%3a e@a#!narea

la #!*ro5*o3 a 3ro$e! efor#a/e 5! re*r!5/al!0a/e" 5e *o#3ara !#en!5!%n!le #e!! ale gra%n/!lor

*r!5/al!n! #a5%ra/! " *% 1alor!le *ore53%n0a/oare !n !agra#a e re*r!5/al!0are . In a*e5/ fel 5e

o$/!ne o !#ag!ne a5%3ra gra%l%! e efor#are !n !fer!/e 0one ale 3ro$e! efor#a/e.

F!g. 2 . Se*/!%n! 3r!n agrega/e 3ol!*r!5/al!ne .

a - gra%n/! nor!en/a/!

$ - gra%n/! or!en/a/!.

e7 Me/oa %r!/a/!!.

A*ea5/a *on5/a !n #a5%rarea %r!/a/!! !n/r-o 5e*/!%ne long!/%!nala 5a% %neor! /ran51er5ala " e

o$!*e! 5e #a5oara %r!/a/ea


8/18


#a5oara %r!/a/ea Ro*ell 5a% Br!nell " !n f%n*/!e e na/%ra al!a:%l%! 3rel%*ra/ 5! e gra%l e

efor#are a3l!*a/ .

F!g.,

D!a#e/r%l $!le! D 6e5/e 5/anar!0a/ f!!n e ; = 2"= 2 "2= ;"+2= ##7 5e alege !nf%n*/!e e gro5!#ea #a/er!al%l%!" *are /re$%!e 5a f!e *el 3%/!n e ; or! #a! #are e*a/

aan*!#ea %r#e!.

Sar*!n!le folo5!/e 3o/ f! e 2; D2 ; D2 2"= D2 "2=D2 D2 "= D2>aN? !n f%n*/!e ena/%ra #a/er!al%l%!

Elemente caracteristice comportarii echipamentului (stante sau matrite ) intimpul deformarii .

Pen/r% a 5e a3re*!a *o#3or/area e*)!3a#en/%l%! /e)nolog!* !n /!#3%l 3rel%*rar!! 3r!n

3re5are la re*e e5/e ne*e5ar 5a 5e anal!0e0e #o%l !n *are 5e %0ea0a ele#en/ele

5/an/e! 5a% #a/r!/e! " !n 53e*!al ele#en/ele a*/!1e 6 5*%lele7 " 3re*%# 5! r!g!!/a/ea


9/18


ele#en/elor *on5/r%*/!1e e/er#!na/e 3en/r% $%na f%n*/!onare a an5a#$l%l%! . Me/oele

*e 5e 3o/ %/!l!0a 3en/r% e/er#!narea %0%r!! ele#en/eloer a*/!1e 5e *la5!f!*a !n

Me/oe !re*/e *% a:%/or%l *arora 5e #a5oara 3r!n !fer!/e 3ro*eee" gra%l e %0%ra

al ele#en/%l%! re53e*/!1e %3a !n/rer%3erea 3ro*e5%l%! e efor#are .

Me/oe !n!re*/e 3r!n *are " %3a 5/a$!l!rea %ne! rela/!! !n/re gra%l e %0%ra 5! %n al/

3ara#e/r% *e e5/e !nfl%!en/a/ e %0%ra " 5e 5/a$!le5/e o rela/!e 5a% o *%r$a e e/alonare "

5! a3o! 5e e/er#!na n%#a! 1ar!a/!a a*e5/%! 3ara#e/r%" fara a 5e !n/rer%3e 3ro*e5%l e

3rel%*rare.

F!g. 4.


10/18


-#a5%rarea %0%r!! 5/an/eleor 5! #a/r!/elor *% a:%/or%l !0o/ro3!lor ra!oa*/!1!.

-#a5%rarea #ar!#!! $a1%r!lor a3ar%/e " #a! ale5 la 3!5ele 5/an/a/e " 3re*%# 5!

e/er#!nare 0onelor 5! a *al!/a/!! 5%3rafe/elor /a!a/e.

Elemente caracteristice utilajelor ( prese, masini specializate, etc).

anal!0a *ara*/er!5/!*a a %/!la:%l%! e5/e ne*e5ar 5a f!e efe*/%a/a" a/a/ 3en/r% 5/a$!l!rea

o#en!%l%! e %/!l!0are a a*e5/%!a " *a/ 5! 3en/r% a e/er#!na #o%l e 5ol*!/are a %nor

ele#en/e e $a0a ale 5ale 5! !n f!nal " efor#a/!!le 5! e*! r!g!!/a/ea lor .

In STAS +9= 5%n/ a/e 3re5*r!3/!! e 3re*!0!e *e /re$%!e re53e*a/e la 3re5le *% e@*e/r!*

*% a*/!%ne 5!#3la " *% $a/!% e5*)!5.

Defor#a/!!le 5! e3la5ar!le ele#e/elor 3re5e! !nfl%!en/ea0a e55en/!al a5%3ra %r#a/or!lor

3ara#e/r! 3re*!0!e! 5! *al!/a/!! 3!e5elor 3rel%*ra/e 3r!n 3re5are " %ra$!lo/a/!! 5/an/elor 5!

#a/r!/elor " $!lan/%l%! energe/!* al 3re5elor " gra%l%! e e@3loare a 3re5elor e/*.

F!g. =. In5/ala/!e %/!l!0a/a 3en/r% 5ol!*!/area 5/a/!* a 3re5e! .

- 3la*a 5%3er!oara2- 3la*a !n/er#e!ara,- 3!5/on4- *!l!nr% e l%*r%=- #ano#e/r%+- 3o#3a

Pen/r% #a5%rarea efor#a/!lor

ele#en/elor ela5/!* ale 3re5e! 5e

%/!l!0ea0a " *el #a! e5" !n5/ala/!!le *%

/ra%*/or! /en5o#e/r!*! re0!5/!1! a3l!*a/! !n lo*%r!le *ele #a! 5ol!*!/a/e.

3.METODICA CERCETARII EXPERIMENTALE

Elemente de calcul tensorial

,.. Scalari.Vectori.Tensori

#


11/18


S*alar%l e5/e o #ar!#e 5/a$!l!/a n%#a! 3r!n 1aloarea e! n%#er!*a" *are n%

e3!ne e 1re%n 5!5/e# e refer!n/a " #ar!#e *are 3oa/e f! #a5%ra/a %3a o an%#!/a

5*ara" e/er#!na/e 3r!n/r-%n 5!ng%r n%#ar real *are !! ara/a 1aloarea.


12/18


efor#are !fer!/e. In *ea *e 3r!*e5/e 5*)e#ele #e*an!*e %5or real!0a$!le " a*e5/ea 5e

3re0!n/a !n %r#a/oarea f!g%ra.

F!g.+. S*)e#ele e /en5!%ne *e a3ar !n !fer!/e 0one ale %n%! 5e#!fa$r!*a/ a#$%/!5a/.

3.2.2 Aspect geometric

Pr!n 5/area e efor#are a %n%! *or3 5%3%5 a*/!%n!! %nor for/e e@/er!oare 5e e@3r!#a

feno#enele geo#e/r!*e ale 3ro*e5%l%! " e/er#!nan%-5e *r!/e!!le *are *ara*/er!0ea0a

5*)!#$area for#e! *or3%l%!.

,.2.,Aspect fizic.

M$%&'()*&+, */(/*)+, , ()*, +, /,*) ),*&)+,+, ,)+&(, & &/+%,$*)*&& +$*($%/( +) )*&)&) *$*&,)&+$* '&($-,()&(, )+,)(,$*).I*/() %)() *& %,$*)*, , $7&, $ (*,,*, ) *$*&,)&+$*%, *,&,) ) ),*&)+,+$* ,)+&(,8(*,,*,) %/*&)&&HB) *,&,,& %,*/,*,R ) +&&,& %, (/*9,*,)( ,(. & $ ()%,*, ($*,/)$)*, )

11


13/18


*$*&,)&+$* %, +)&(&), 8()%,*,) )+/9&*&& ; *)/ ) 9)/&*&& +) */,*,


14/18


Me/oa *%r$elor l!#!/a 6 CL 7 5e $a0ea0a 3e e3enen/a *e 5e 3oa/e 5/a$!l!

!n/re o%a efor#a/!! 3r!n*!3ale reale 5a% logar!/#!*e !n 3lan%l

5e#!fa$r!*an/%l%! 5ol!*!/a/ !n *on!/!! !fer!/e e a#$%/!5are 5a% !n/!nere " 3ana

la a3r!/!a %ne! efor#a/!! lo*ale #ar! 5a% 3ana la r%3ere 5! *o#3or/area

#a/er!al%l%! !n 3ro*e5%l real e a#$%/!5are.

F!g.8 . Sol!*!/ar! !n 3lan%l 5e#!fa$r!*a/%l%! *a/ 5! *%r$e l!#!/a la ga/%!re 5! r%3ere.

,.4. ntroducere

Te)nolog!!le e 3rel%*rare 3r!n efor#are 3la5/!*a la re*e a% %n o#en! foar/e larg

e a3l!*are !n !n%5/r!a *on5/r%*/oare e #a5!n! 5! a3ara/e " #e*an!*a f!na "

ele*/ro/e)n!*a 5! ele*/ron!*a " !n%5/r!a $%n%r!lor e larg *on5%# " a %/!la:elor agr!*ole 5!

a *elor 3en/r% !n%5/!a al!#en/ara.

13


15/18


D&*, ),*&)+,+, ,)+&(, $+$&, ,*/ %,$*)*, +)&() +)*,(,($%&&& %,$,7&, %, *,+/(*)7&+&),, &/ ,*/ )7+,+, (, ,)7/&,)) *,(/ & ,*/ ,&)7*&(),+, /&+&), +) *,+/(*)*,) *&*,)*, $+/&().

3.4.2 !efinirea conceptului de deformabilitate

Pen/r% a 5e 3%/ea a3re*!a *a3a*!/a/ea e efor#are" 5e 3ro3%ne no/!%nea eefor#a$!l!/a/e *on1en/!onala *ore*/a/a"a/a e rela/!a

!" # !$% C$f&'( "%ne D;- efor#a$!l!/a/ea *on1en/!onala *ore*/a/a

DX- efor#a$!l!/a/ea #a5%ra/a !re*/CX- *oef!*!en/ e 3ro3or/!onal!/a/e

f6@7 f%n*/!a *e /!ne *on/ e !nfl%en/a fa*/or!lor *are 5e#o!f!*a !n /!#3%l efor#ar!!A1an !n 1eere *a"!n n%#erroa5e *a0%r!"a5fel e 5e#!fa$r!*a/e 5e 3rel%*rea0a la5e#!*al e5/e ne*e5ar 5a 5e 5/a$!lea5*a %n #a@!# 3e *%r$a e efor#are -/e#3era/%ra"!n !n/er1al%l 53e*!f!* al!a:%l%! re53e*/!1"*are 1a e/er#!na /e#3era/%rao3/!#a e 3rel%*rare.

,.4., )actori de dependenta ai deformabilitatii

Fa*/or!! /e)nolog!*! *are a% o eo5e$!/a !nfl%en/a a5%3ra *o#3or/ar!! laefor#are a #a/er!alelor #e/al!*e 5%n/-/e#3era/%ra #a/er!al%l%! efor#a/-gra%l e efor#are-1!/e0a e efor#are-#ar!#ea 3re5!%n!! )!ro5/a/!*e la efor#are

,.4.4 *etoda curbelor limita de deformare

Pro!e*/area 5/r%*/%r!lor 5e fa*e 3e $a0a %nor #oele e *al*%l *are re3re0!n/arela/!a !n/re !n*ar*are 5! efor#a/!e. Pen/r% a5/a e5/e ne*e5ar 5a 5e 5/a$!lea5*a a*a5/r%*/%ra re53e*/!1a n% *eea0a la !n*er*area 5%3%5a" 5a% !n1er5 6*are e5/e !n*ar*area#a@!#a 3en/r% *a 5/r%*/%ra 5a n% *ee0e 7.

14


16/18


Da*a 5/r%*/%ra !n *a%0a e5/e o $ara rea3/a 5%3%5a la !n/!nere"/en5!%n!le 5%n/a*elea5! !n f!e*are 3%n*/ al $are! 5! 5%n/ egale *% /en5!%nea a3l!*a/a !n e@/er!or".

C%rgerea are lo* a/%n*! *an *" %ne * e5/e /en5!%nea e *%rgere #a5%ra/a !n/r-%n /e5/ o$!5n%!/ e !n/!nere.C%rgerea are lo* a/%n*! *an a*ea5/a f%n*(!e a/!nge o 1aloare *r!/!*a" f*.

f6" 2" ,7 f* .In *a0%r!le !n *are 5/r%*/%ra *on5!era/a e5/e for#a/a n%#a! !n #a/er!ale %*/!le 5!efor#a/!a 3la5/!*a e5/e 3er#!5a" 5/area *r!/!*a e5/e a5o*!a/a f!e *% r%3erea %*/!la" f!e*% 3!ererea 5/a$!l!/a/!! efor#a/!e!. Cr!/er!%l e a3ar!/!e a 5/ar!! *r!/!*e" $a0a/ 3e r%3erea%*/!la" e5/e 5!#!lar *el%! !5*%/a/ #a! 5%5" 3en/r% #a/er!ale frag!le.Pr!n 3!ererea5/a$!l!/a/!! efor#a/!e! 5e !n/elege 5!/%aJ!a !n *are efor#a/!a !5! 3!ere *ara*/er%l*on/!n%% 5! o#ogen.

,.4.=. !efinirea deformatiei limita

Defor#aJ!a re3re0!n/a #o!f!*area !5/an/e! !n/re 3%n*/e 5a% 5e*/!%n! 5a% a%ng)!%r!lor !n/re o%a 5eg#en/e %5e 3r!n/r-%n 3%n*/. Mo!f!*ar!le l%ng!#!lor5eg#en/elor 5e n%#e5* efor#a/!! l!n!are"!ar #o!f!*ar!le %ng)!%r!lor efor#a/!!%ng)!%lare 5a% l%ne*ar!.

,.4.=., Compararea diferitelor incercari

Me/oele 53e*!ale e a3re*!ere a *a3a*!/a/!! e efor#are *%3r!n !n*er*ar! !n!re*/e - *are 3er#!/ 5a 5e o$/!na a/e a5%3ra *a3a*!/a/!! e

a#$%/!5are *% a:%/or%l %nor 5ol!*!/ar! *are !fera e 5ol!*!/ar!le reale la *are e5/e

5%3%5 #a/er!al%l !n /!#3%l 3rel%*rar!!2 !n*er*ar! !re*/e - la *are 5ol!*!/ar!le 5%n/ #a! a3ro3!a/e e 3ro*e5%l real e

3rel%*rare, !n*er*ar! 3en/r% e/er#!narea %nor 3ara#e/r! lega/! e 3ro3r!e/a/!le !n/r!n5e*! ale

#a/er!al%l%! a#$%/!5a/.Tre$%!e 3re*!0a/ !n5a *a !n*er*area e ra5%*!re"an!0o/ro3!a #a/er!al%l%! e5/e %n rol*o#3le@" !n *o#3ara/!e *% al/e !n*er*ar!"eoare*e 5/r%*/%ra /e@/%ra/a a e3r%1e/e! !5!5*)!#$a !re*/!a !n /!#3%l efor#ar!!"!n ra3or/ *% !re*/!a /en5!%n!! /angen/!ale #a@!#e.

,.4.=.4 )actori de influenta asupra CL!

Fa*/or%l *% *ea #a! #are !nfl%en/a a5%3ra 3ro3r!e/a/!lor e 3la5/!*!/a/e a#a/er!alelor e5/e /e#3era/%ra"eoare*e 3r!n !n*al0!ree *re5/e ag!/a/!a /er#!*a a a/o#!lor

15


17/18


5! !n a*e5/ fel"efor#area 5e 1a 3ro%*e la /en5!%n! #a! #!*!"#a/er!alele #e/al!*e/!n0an a 5e *o#3or/a *a #a/er!ale 1a5*oa5e. S/area 1a5*oa5a e5/e 5! *ea #a!e1!en/a a*a /e#3era/%ra e3a5e5/e /e#3era/%ra e re*r!5/al!0are a #e/al%l%! 5a%al!a:%l%!" 53re eo5e$!re e 5!/%a/!a !n *are /e#3era/%ra e efor#are e5/e !nfer!oara/e#3era/%r!! e re*r!5/al!0are 5! *an #e/alele 5a% al!a: ele 5e *o#3or/a *a #a/er!ale *%

o $%na 3la5/!*!/a/e.Co#3or/area 1a5*o-3la5/!*a a %n%! #a/er!al #e/al!* 5e 3oa/e a3re*!a 3r!n ra3or/%l!n/re gra%l e efor#are a/ora/ e3la5ar!! rela/!1e a gra%n/!lor *r!5/al!n! K#g 5! gra%le efor#are /o/al K/ "*are !n*l%e 5! gra%l e efor#are 3ro3r!% gra%n/!lor Kg.Gra%l e efor#are"a/or!/a 3ro*e5%l%! e e*r%!5are"!nfl%en/ea0a re0!5/en/a laefor#are #a! ale5 !n *a0%l efor#ar!! la re*e a #e/alelor 5! al!a:elor.

BIBLIO-RAFIE:

In!*aJ!! $!$l!ograf!*e

16


18/18


. L*/% Elena No/e e *%r5 PTSD- PROCESE TEHNOLOGICESPECIALE DE FORMARE An%l %n!1.2;=-2;+2. Dorr" I.C." Bana$!* D. Moelarea 3ro*e5elor e efor#are 3la5/!*a a /a$lelor"Tran5!l1an!a Pre55" Cl%:-Na3o*a" 2;,,. C!o*r!a C." Ung%rean% I. Ba0ele *er*e/r!! e@3er!#en/ale n *on5/r%*J!a e

#a!n!" E.D!a*/!* ! Peagog!*" B%*%re/!" 994. S!n!l G).Te)nolog!! e fa$r!*are 3r!n 3re5are la re*e-Ele#en/e e3ro!e*/are" E. PRINTECH "B%*%re/!" 2;2=. S!n!l G).Te)nolog!! e fa$r!*are 3r!n 3re5are la re*e-Me/oolog!e e3ro!e*/are" E. PRINTECH "B%*%re/!" 2;=+. Teoore5*% M." Zg%r G)." C!o*r!a C. Prel%*rr! 3r!n efor#are 3la5/!* lare*e" E.Te)n!*" B%*%re/!" 98. C!o*r!a C. ".a. Te)nolog!a 3re5r!! la re*e" E. D!a*/!* ! Peagog!*"B%*%re/!" 998. Il!e5*% C. Te)nolog!a 3re5r!! la re*e" E.D. Peagog!*" B%*%re/!" 9849. Re1!5/a e Defor#r! Pla5/!*e " n%#erele !n 994-2;=

;.Do*%#en/are /!3+e,-ordsentence searc/ 3e 5!/e-%r! e 53e*!al!/a/e - In/erne/6*%1!n/ele *)e!e 1or f! /ra%5e !n l$.engle0a7

1

Proiect PTSF

Documents